WO2012002483A1 - 油状物質の製造方法、及び油状物質の製造装置 - Google Patents
油状物質の製造方法、及び油状物質の製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012002483A1 WO2012002483A1 PCT/JP2011/065019 JP2011065019W WO2012002483A1 WO 2012002483 A1 WO2012002483 A1 WO 2012002483A1 JP 2011065019 W JP2011065019 W JP 2011065019W WO 2012002483 A1 WO2012002483 A1 WO 2012002483A1
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- oily substance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N13/00—Treatment of microorganisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
- C12M47/06—Hydrolysis; Cell lysis; Extraction of intracellular or cell wall material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
- C12P7/6445—Glycerides
- C12P7/6463—Glycerides obtained from glyceride producing microorganisms, e.g. single cell oil
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oily substance manufacturing method and apparatus using an oily substance-producing microorganism.
- Patent Document 1 a method for producing oily substances such as hydrocarbons using microalgae has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the present invention has been made according to such a situation, and provides an oily substance production method and production apparatus capable of realizing the production of an oily substance using an oily substance-producing microorganism by a simple method. Objective.
- the method for producing an oily substance according to the present invention includes a microwave irradiation step of irradiating the oily substance-producing microorganism with microwaves (electromagnetic waves).
- microwaves electromagnetic waves
- microwaves in the microwave irradiation step, microwaves may be irradiated in the presence of a microwave characteristic substance that is a substance having microwave absorption or microwave sensitivity.
- a microwave characteristic substance that is a substance having microwave absorption or microwave sensitivity.
- the microwave characteristic substance may flow.
- the microwave characteristic substance flows in the vicinity of the oily substance-producing microorganism, for example, at least a part of the cell wall of the oily substance-producing microorganism can be destroyed.
- the microwave characteristic substance may have a shape that collects an electric field of microwaves.
- the microwave electric field is concentrated on the microwave characteristic substance. For example, at least a part of the cell wall of the oily substance-producing microorganism existing in the vicinity thereof can be destroyed.
- the microwave characteristic substance may be fixed.
- at least a part of the cell wall of the oily substance-producing microorganism that flows in the vicinity of the fixed microwave characteristic substance can be destroyed.
- the microwave characteristic substance may be at least one of a dielectric, a conductor, and a magnetic substance.
- the method for producing an oily substance according to the present invention may further include a recovery step of recovering the oily substance produced by the oily substance-producing microorganism after the microwave irradiation step.
- a recovery step of recovering the oily substance produced by the oily substance-producing microorganism after the microwave irradiation step may further include a recovery step of recovering the oily substance produced by the oily substance-producing microorganism after the microwave irradiation step.
- the oily substance-producing microorganism may be an oily substance-producing microalgae.
- An oily substance production apparatus includes a reactor in which an oily substance-producing microorganism is placed, and a microwave generator that irradiates the oily substance-producing microorganism in the reactor with microwaves. is there.
- a microwave generator that irradiates the oily substance-producing microorganism in the reactor with microwaves. is there.
- a microwave characteristic substance that is a substance having microwave absorbability or microwave sensitivity may be present in the reactor.
- the microwave electric field and magnetic field are concentrated on the microwave characteristic substance, and as a result, for example, at least the cell wall of the oily substance-producing microorganism existing in the vicinity of the microwave characteristic substance. Some can be destroyed.
- the reactor may have a shape in which the microwave generated by the microwave generator is concentrated and irradiated on at least a part thereof.
- the oily substance-producing microorganisms are effectively irradiated with microwaves at the position where the microwaves of the reactor are concentratedly irradiated.
- the cell walls of the oily substance-producing microorganisms At least a portion can be more effectively destroyed.
- the oily substance produced by the oily substance-producing microorganism can be recovered by irradiating the oily substance-producing microorganism with microwaves. According to the method, the production of an oily substance using an oily substance-producing microorganism can be realized.
- the figure which shows an example of an internal structure of the reactor by the embodiment The flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the oily substance by the embodiment
- the figure which shows an example of the shape of the reactor by the embodiment The figure for demonstrating the irradiation position of the microwave in the embodiment
- Embodiment 1 An oily substance producing apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the apparatus for producing an oily substance according to the present embodiment irradiates the oily substance-producing microorganism with microwaves.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an oily substance producing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment.
- An oily substance manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes a reactor 11, a microwave generator 12, a waveguide 13, a microwave control unit 14, a microwave characteristic substance separating unit 15, and a recovery tank 17. With.
- the reactor 11 contains oily substance-producing microorganisms and microwave characteristic substances.
- the oily substance-producing microorganism is not limited as long as it is a microorganism that produces an oily substance by culturing.
- the oily substance-producing microorganism may be, for example, one that produces an oily substance by photosynthesis.
- the oily substance-producing microorganism produces an oily substance and accumulates the produced oily substance in the cell.
- the oily substance-producing microorganism may accumulate the produced oily substance outside the cell.
- the oily substance may be, for example, a hydrocarbon or a lipid.
- the lipid may be, for example, a neutral lipid or a fatty acid. This oily substance becomes a fuel as it is or by performing a predetermined treatment.
- the fuel is used in an internal combustion engine such as an automobile.
- the reactor 11 may contain other substances in addition to the oily substance-producing microorganism and the microwave characteristic substance.
- water may be placed in the reactor 11 along with the oil-producing microorganism and the microwave property substance.
- the water may be pure water or ultrapure water.
- the oily substance-producing microorganism may be, for example, an oily substance-producing microalgae.
- the oily substance-producing microalgae is not particularly limited as long as it is a microalgae that produces an oily substance.
- the oily substance-producing microalgae may be, for example, Botryococcus braunii, Pseudocollistis ellipsoida, or the green alga Ikadamo (e.g. Scredesmus). It may be Euglena or Navicula (for example, Navicula sp.) Which is a diatom.
- Botryococcus brownies include, for example, linear alkadienes and alkatrienes having an odd number in the range of 25 to 31 carbon atoms, and methylated triterpenes having 30 to 37 carbon atoms (polymethylated). triterpenes: the production of C n H 2n-10).
- Pseudocolistis ellipsoidia produces, for example, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having 10 to 25 carbon atoms.
- Ikadamo also produces glycerin esters and the like.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-111865, WO2006 / 109588, and the like.
- the oily substance-producing microorganism that is put into the reactor 11 may or may not be in a water-containing state.
- the oily substance-producing microorganism can be obtained by, for example, removing a part of water from the cultured oily substance-producing microorganism by dehydration such as filtration, thereby reducing the moisture content ( For example, an aqueous slurry) may be used.
- the oily substance-producing microorganism that is not in a water-containing state may be, for example, a dried oily substance-producing microorganism or a freeze-dried microorganism.
- microwaves are applied to a water-containing oily substance-producing microorganism.
- the microwave characteristic substance is a substance having microwave absorption or microwave sensitivity.
- the microwave characteristic substance flows in the reactor 11. Therefore, the microwave is irradiated in the reactor 11 in the presence of the microwave characteristic substance.
- the microwave absorbability and microwave sensitivity depend on the frequency of the irradiated microwave, the temperature inside the reactor 11, and the like. That is, at the frequency of the microwave to be used and the temperature inside the reactor 11, for example, a material having a high dielectric loss coefficient has a high microwave absorbability. Therefore, for example, a substance having such a high microwave absorption property may be used as the microwave characteristic substance.
- the microwave characteristic substance may be, for example, at least one of a dielectric, a conductor, and a magnetic substance.
- the microwave characteristic substance may be, for example, an organic substance, carbons other than fullerene (for example, graphite, carbon nanotube, activated carbon, etc.), or a metal (for example, iron, nickel, or Cobalt, etc.), a metal oxide (eg, ferrite), or a composite of any two or more of them may be used. Further, the microwave characteristic substance may have a shape for collecting a microwave electric field.
- the shape that collects the electric field of the microwave may be, for example, a granular shape having a plurality of points on the surface (for example, a spherical body having a plurality of outward-shaped barbs on the surface). It may be uneven.
- the microwave characteristic substance is a granular material having a plurality of tips on the surface
- the microwave electric field concentrates on the tips like a lightning rod, for example.
- the intensity of the microwave is increased. Therefore, in the vicinity of the microwave characteristic substance, the oily substance-producing microorganism is effectively irradiated with microwaves, and as a result, at least part of the cell wall of the oily substance-producing microorganism is likely to be destroyed.
- the microwave characteristic substance may exist in the reactor 11 with, for example, ultra-high dispersion.
- the reactor 11 may be, for example, a batch type, or a flow type (flow type).
- a predetermined amount of oily substance-producing microorganisms and the like are charged into the reactor 11 and irradiated with microwaves, and then the oily substance-producing microorganisms and the like in the reactor 11 are collectively delivered to the subsequent stage.
- the introduction of the oily substance-producing microorganisms into the reactor 11, the microwave irradiation, and the discharge of the oily substance-producing microorganisms from the reactor 11 are performed little by little. become.
- the reactor 11 when the reactor 11 is a flow type, it may be a horizontal type or a vertical type.
- the reactor 11 is a horizontal flow type
- a large amount of processing can be performed, for example, 10 tons or more per day.
- the inner wall of the reactor 11 is preferably made of a substance that reflects microwaves.
- An example of a substance that reflects microwaves is metal.
- the internal configuration of the reactor 11 will be described later.
- the microwave generator 12 generates microwaves and irradiates the oily substance-producing microorganisms in the reactor 11 with microwaves.
- the oily substance producing apparatus 1 may include one microwave generator 12 or may include two or more microwave generators 12.
- the frequency of the microwave is not limited, but may be, for example, 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz, 24 GHz, 913 MHz, or other The frequency may be in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz.
- the waveguide 13 transmits the microwave generated by the microwave generator 12 to the reactor 11. As shown in FIG. 1, there are usually as many waveguides 13 as the number of microwave generators 12. On the other hand, the microwave generated by the microwave generator 12 may be transmitted to a plurality of locations of the reactor 11 by the waveguide 13 having a branch. Note that it is preferable to use a waveguide having a standard corresponding to the frequency of the microwave generated by the microwave generator 12.
- the microwave control unit 14 controls the output of the microwave irradiated to the reactor 11 according to the temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit 24 described later. By the control by the microwave control unit 14, the inside of the reactor 11 can be maintained at a desired temperature or a desired temperature range.
- the microwave characteristic substance separation unit 15 separates the microwave characteristic substance from the mixture of the oily substance-producing microorganism and the microwave characteristic substance irradiated with microwaves in the reactor 11.
- the microwave characteristic substance may be separated using a difference in size between the oily substance-producing microorganism and the microwave characteristic substance.
- the microwave characteristic substance may be separated using a filter.
- the microwave characteristic substance separation unit 15 may separate the microwave characteristic substance by using, for example, a difference in specific gravity between the oily substance-producing microorganism and the microwave characteristic substance.
- the microwave characteristic substance may be separated by precipitating one of the oily substance-producing microorganism and the microwave characteristic substance.
- the microwave characteristic substance includes a magnetic substance
- the microwave characteristic substance can be separated by adsorbing the microwave characteristic substance with a magnet (which may be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet). Good.
- the separated microwave characteristic substance can be reused as appropriate.
- the microwave characteristic substance separated in the microwave characteristic substance separation unit 15 is placed after the microwave irradiation.
- the oily substance produced by the oily substance-producing microorganism is recovered. This recovery can be performed in the same manner as a separatory funnel, for example, by using the difference in specific gravity between the oily substance and other substances.
- By irradiating an oily substance-producing microorganism with microwaves it is usually separated into an oil phase, an aqueous phase, and a biomass phase (sedimentation phase).
- the specific gravity of the oil phase is the smallest, only the oil phase can be recovered by recovering the layer above the recovery tank 17, and the oily substance produced by the oily substance-producing microorganism can be recovered.
- the oily substance may be collected using a solvent in which the oily substance is dissolved.
- the oily substance recovery method is already known and its detailed method is omitted.
- a cooler for cooling the substance after the reaction in the reactor 11 may be provided in the subsequent stage of the reactor 11 or not. In the former case, for example, the cooler may cool the substance after the reaction in the reactor 11 with water.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the internal structure of the reactor 11 according to the present embodiment.
- an unfilled space 21 exists above the reactor 11.
- the unfilled space 21 is irradiated with the microwave generated by the microwave generator 12 through the waveguide 13.
- the reactor 11 is a vertical flow type, there is usually no unfilled space. Therefore, in that case, microwaves may be irradiated to a place where oily substance-producing microorganisms or the like are filled.
- the reactor 11 also has a stirring means 23. That is, the oily substance producing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment may also include one or more stirring means 23 for stirring the contents in the reactor 11.
- FIG. 2 shows the case where the stirring means 23 is a blade-like one, this is a schematic illustration of the stirring means 23, and the stirring means 23 performs, for example, rotary stirring. Alternatively, bubbling stirring may be performed, ultrasonic stirring may be performed, or stirring may be performed by combining two or more of them. That is, the stirring unit 23 may perform stirring by any one or more methods among, for example, rotary stirring, bubbling stirring, and ultrasonic stirring.
- the stirring may be performed by rotating a blade-shaped member, a blade-shaped member, a rod-shaped member, or the like, for example.
- the rotation may be performed, for example, by rotating a blade-like member or the like attached to the shaft according to the rotation of the shaft, or may be rotated using magnetism, such as a magnetic stirrer. Good. In the latter case using magnetism, a magnetic stirrer such as a rod, blade or wing is rotated by a magnet.
- the rotating stirring is performed using a blade-shaped member or a blade-shaped member, the rotation of these members is performed in the direction from the upstream to the downstream or in the reverse direction.
- the stirring means 23 may perform bubbling stirring, the stirring may be performed by blowing gas into the contents in the reactor 11, for example.
- the injected gas may be, for example, an inert gas such as helium or argon, nitrogen, or air.
- the stirring means 23 performs ultrasonic stirring, the stirring is performed, for example, by generating ultrasonic waves on the bottom surface or side surface of the reactor 11 and irradiating the generated ultrasonic waves to the contents of the reactor 11. May be performed. Note that rotational stirring, bubbling stirring, and ultrasonic stirring are already known and will not be described in detail. Further, the stirring means 23 may perform stirring by a stirring method other than those. For example, the stirring means 23 may perform rocking stirring that vibrates the reactor 11 itself.
- the first reason that the stirring means 23 stirs the contents is to allow the microwaves to be uniformly irradiated to the contents. Although it depends on the type of contents, the depth of penetration of the microwave is fixed, and thus the whole contents are stirred so that the microwaves are evenly irradiated. Moreover, when the surface area of the content in the unfilled space 21 becomes large, it becomes possible to irradiate the content more efficiently. Therefore, the second reason for stirring the contents is to increase the microwave irradiation area.
- the stirring of the contents by the stirring means 23 is intense enough to cause a wave on the surface of the contents in the unfilled space 21, but this need not be the case (for the first reason). This is because if the corresponding stirring is performed, the entire contents are irradiated with microwaves, which may be sufficient). Moreover, since the contents are stirred using the stirring means 23 as described above, even when two or more substances having different densities are contained in the contents, both are appropriately mixed and reacted. Will be able to.
- the reactor 11 also has a temperature measuring unit 24. That is, the oil substance manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment may include a temperature measuring unit 24 that measures the temperature inside the reactor 11.
- the temperature inside the reactor 11 is preferably the temperature of the contents of the reactor 11.
- the temperature measurement unit 24 is schematically illustrated. However, the temperature measurement unit 24 may measure the temperature with a thermocouple, may measure the temperature with an infrared sensor, or may measure the temperature with an optical fiber. May be measured, and the temperature may be measured by other methods.
- the temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit 24 (strictly speaking, the data indicating the temperature) is passed to the microwave control unit 14 and used for controlling the microwave output by the microwave generator 12.
- the control may be control for maintaining the temperature of the contents at a desired temperature or a desired temperature range as described above.
- the height of the liquid level of the contents 22 may be, for example, about 1/2 to 5/6 of the maximum value of the height inside the reactor 11. That is, the height of the unfilled space 21 may be, for example, about 1/6 to 1/2 of the maximum value of the height inside the reactor 11.
- the unfilled space 21 may not exist inside the reactor 11. That is, the content 22 may be put up to the top so that the unfilled space 21 does not exist inside the reactor 11. In that case, since the microwave cannot be irradiated to the unfilled space, the microwave is irradiated when the oily substance-producing microorganism or the like is filled.
- the shape of the reactor 11 does not matter.
- the reactor 11 may have a cylindrical shape in which the left-right direction in FIG. 2 is the length direction, or may have a cylindrical shape in which the vertical direction is the length direction, and has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. Or other shapes. In the present embodiment, the case where the reactor 11 is cylindrical will be described.
- the interior of the reactor 11 may be divided into a plurality of chambers by a partition plate. That is, the reactor 11 may have a plurality of chambers that are continuous in series. In that case, it is preferable that microwaves be irradiated to each chamber. In this case, the contents of the reactor 11 pass through each chamber when moving from upstream to downstream.
- the stirring means 23 may exist in each chamber, and may not be so.
- the temperature measurement part 24 may exist in each chamber, and may not be so.
- the partition plate may be microwave permeable or may reflect microwaves. Examples of the material that transmits microwaves include Teflon (registered trademark), quartz glass, ceramic, and silicon nitride alumina.
- the microwave-permeable partition plate may be made of a material that transmits such microwaves. Moreover, as a material which reflects a microwave, there exists a metal, for example. Therefore, the partition plate that does not transmit microwaves may be made of a material that reflects such microwaves.
- the wall surface of the reactor 11 may be covered with a heat insulating material. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the heat inside the reactor 11 from being released to the outside.
- the flow path is a flow path in which the contents mainly flow from the upstream side of the reactor 11 toward the downstream side, but a part may flow from the downstream side to the upstream side.
- the flow path of the partition plate may be, for example, a flow path in which the content overflows above the partition plate, or may be a flow path in which the content flows in a gap between the partition plates.
- the gap between the partition plates may exist between the partition plate and the inner wall of the reactor 11 or may exist in the partition plate itself.
- the size of the gap is preferably larger than the content can be circulated.
- the shape and number of the gaps are not limited.
- Step S101 a method for producing an oily substance according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. (Step S101)
- the concentration step the cultured oily substance-producing microorganism is concentrated. As described above, this concentration can be performed by dehydration such as filtration.
- dehydration such as filtration.
- components for performing the dehydration process are not described. That is, it is assumed that this dehydration process is performed in an apparatus different from the oil substance manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. Note that step S101 may be omitted when the dehydration process is not performed.
- Step S102 the concentrated oily substance-producing microorganism is irradiated with microwaves.
- This irradiation is performed in the reactor 11.
- microwave irradiation may be performed in the presence of a microwave characteristic substance.
- the microwave control part 14 may perform control so that the temperature of the contents of the reactor 11 does not exceed a predetermined temperature.
- this microwave irradiation is normally performed under normal pressure. That is, it is performed without pressurization at atmospheric pressure.
- the oily substance-producing microorganisms are irradiated with microwaves, for example, to rapidly heat and vaporize intracellular moisture, and as a result, at least a part of the cell walls of the oily substance-producing microorganisms are removed. Can be destroyed indirectly. Further, by irradiating with microwaves, for example, at least a part of the cell wall of the oily substance-producing microorganism can be directly destroyed. In addition, when the oily substance-producing microorganism accumulates the produced oily substance outside the cell, for example, by directly irradiating the microwave, the membrane enclosing the oily substance accumulated outside the cell is directly or Can be destroyed indirectly.
- Step S103 the oily substance produced by the oily substance-producing microorganism is recovered.
- the microwave characteristic substance separation unit 15 separates the microwave characteristic substance from the mixture of the oily substance-producing microorganism and the microwave characteristic substance after the microwave irradiation.
- the oily substance-producing microorganism after separation of the microwave characteristic substance is put into the collection tank 17 by the pump 16, and the oily substance is collected by the collection tank 17.
- the oily substance may be recovered, for example, by extracting the oil phase from the one after microwave irradiation.
- the oily substance produced by the oily substance-producing microorganism may be obtained by mixing the oily substance with a solvent and extracting, and removing the solvent after the extraction.
- the microwave irradiation process in the reactor 11 and the recovery process in the recovery tank 17 may be a batch type process or a flow type process.
- microwaves were irradiated to microalgae in the presence of a microwave characteristic substance.
- a microwave characteristic substance granular carbon was used.
- stirring by the stirring means 23 was performed.
- a magnetic stirrer was used.
- the microalgae squid damo (Scenedesmus sp.) was used.
- the concentrated squid was diluted with ultrapure water to a mass ratio of 10 times.
- microwave irradiation was performed.
- the irradiation of the ultrasonic wave with respect to squid shell diluted similarly 10 times in mass ratio, and the oil bath of the same squid shell were performed.
- the temperature of the microalgae was controlled to be 80 ° C. In the oil bath, the temperature was also controlled to 80 ° C. Note that the ultrasonic irradiation was performed at room temperature. Further, the microwave irradiation time, the ultrasonic wave irradiation time, and the oil bath time are each 10 minutes. Note that the microwave irradiation time and the oil bath time are times after the temperature rise, respectively. During microwave irradiation, the temperature was increased from room temperature to 80 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min.
- the amount of oily substance was measured.
- microwave irradiation about 1 ml of an oily substance was obtained per 10 g of squid damo. Also, some oily substance was obtained in the oil bath, but the amount was small, and it was 0.5 ml or less per 10 g of squid damo. In addition, no oily substance was detected by ultrasonic irradiation.
- the oily substance produced by the microalgae can be efficiently recovered by irradiating the microalgae that are oily substance-producing microorganisms with microwaves. It is thought that by irradiating the microwave, the moisture inside the cells of the microalgae can be directly heated, and at least a part of the cell membrane of the microalgae can be destroyed.
- granular carbon is used as the microwave characteristic substance, but a carbon composite may be used instead.
- the oily substance produced by the oily substance-producing microorganism is recovered by irradiating the oily substance-producing microorganism with microwaves. can do.
- microwaves since it is only necessary to irradiate microwaves, it is not necessary to maintain a high temperature and high pressure as in the conventional example, and an oily substance can be efficiently produced by a simple method.
- microwave irradiation by collecting the oily substance produced by the oily substance-producing microorganism by microwave irradiation, it is considered that the energy required for collecting the same amount of oily substance is reduced compared to the conventional example. .
- the reactor 11 may have a shape in which the microwave generated by the microwave generator 12 is concentrated and irradiated on at least a part thereof.
- a part of the reactor 11 is shallow (thin), and microwaves may be irradiated at that position.
- microwaves may be irradiated at that position.
- the depth of penetration of the microwave is fixed, but by making a part of the reactor 11 as high as the penetration depth (or width and depth), the oil present at that position.
- the substance-producing microorganism is irradiated with concentrated microwaves.
- a mixing unit for mixing the oily substance-producing microorganism and the flowing microwave characteristic substance may exist in the front stage of the reactor 11. In that case, the oily substance-producing microorganism and the microwave characteristic substance after mixing by the mixing unit are charged into the reactor 11.
- the microwave characteristic substance may be fixed.
- the microwave characteristic substance may be directly fixed to the reactor 11 or may be fixed to the reactor 11 through another.
- the microwave characteristic substance may be affixed to the inner wall of the reactor 11 or may be fixed by being packed in a packed bed or a column inside the reactor 11. May be.
- the shape of the microwave characteristic substance is, for example, amorphous granular, cylindrical (which may or may not be hollow), spherical, pellet, ring, shell, honeycomb, foam It may be a body shape, a fiber shape, a cloth shape, a plate shape, or other shapes.
- the reactor 11 has a shape in which the microwave generated by the microwave generator 12 is concentrated and irradiated on at least a part of the reactor 11, for example, the fixed microwave characteristics
- the substance may be present at a position where the microwave is irradiated in a concentrated manner.
- microwaves in the presence of a microwave characteristic substance in the microwave irradiating step, microwaves may be irradiated in an environment where there is no microwave characteristic substance.
- the microwave characteristic material may not be input to the reactor 11, and the microwave characteristic material may not be present in the reactor 11.
- oily substance production using the crushing means A crushing treatment of sex microorganisms may be performed. Any crushing means may be used as long as it can crush oily substance-producing microorganisms.
- the crushing means may be, for example, an ultrasonic homogenizer, a rotary blade type homogenizer, a high-pressure homogenizer, a bead type homogenizer, or other crushing means. There may be. By crushing the oily substance-producing microorganism by the crushing means, the oily substance can be efficiently recovered. It is preferable that the microwave characteristic substance is not crushed by the crushing means.
- the oily substance-producing microorganism may be subjected to a crushing treatment before mixing the oily substance-producing microorganism and the microwave characteristic substance.
- the crushing treatment may be performed after the sexual substance is separated, or the crushing process may be performed so that the microwave characteristic substance is not crushed in a state where the oily substance-producing microorganism and the microwave characteristic substance are mixed. Also good.
- the crushing treatment so as not to crush the microwave characteristic substance
- the oily substance-producing microorganism and the microwave characteristic substance are separated, and the separated oily substance-producing microorganism is subjected to crushing treatment.
- a punching board or a net having a large number of holes through which microwave characteristic substances cannot pass but oily substance-producing microorganisms can pass may be used.
- microwaves having two or more frequencies may be irradiated.
- microwaves of two or more frequencies may be irradiated at the same position, and microwaves of two or more frequencies may be irradiated at different positions.
- microwaves of the frequencies X and Y generated by the microwave generators 12 a and 12 d may be irradiated at the same position of the reactor 11, that is, in the midstream region of the reactor 11.
- the microwaves having the frequencies X and Y are transmitted to the reactor 11 via the waveguides 13a and 13d, respectively. Further, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the microwave of the frequency X generated by the microwave generators 12 a, 12 b, and 12 c is irradiated from the upstream side of the reactor 11 to the midstream region, and on the downstream side of the reactor 11, You may irradiate the microwave of the frequency Y which the microwave generator 12d generated.
- the microwaves having the frequency X are transmitted to the reactor 11 through the waveguides 13a, 13b, and 13c, respectively.
- the microwave of frequency Y is transmitted to the reactor 11 through the waveguide 13d.
- FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are views of the reactor 11 as viewed from above, and the arrows in the figure indicate the flow of reactants in the reactor 11.
- the number of frequencies may be two, or three or more.
- the two or more frequencies may be any combination as long as they are two or more frequencies selected from the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz.
- the combination of the frequencies may be 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, may be 2.45 GHz and 24 GHz, and may be 2.45 GHz. It may be 913 MHz, 5.8 GHz and 24 GHz, 5.8 GHz and 913 MHz, or 24 GHz and 913 MHz.
- the timing which irradiates them does not ask
- microwaves having two or more frequencies may be irradiated at the same time, or microwaves may be irradiated so that the period of irradiation differs for each frequency.
- the microwave of the frequency X may be irradiated in a certain period
- the microwave of the frequency Y may be irradiated in the next period.
- microwaves with two or more frequencies are irradiated, microwaves are also applied to substances that are not subjected to microwave action (for example, heating) by microwave irradiation with one frequency. Therefore, microwaves can be applied to a wider material.
- the mixture of the oily substance-producing microorganism and the organic solvent may be irradiated with microwaves. It is preferable that the organic solvent has a high affinity with the oily substance to be recovered.
- the organic solvent may be, for example, hexane or a chloroform / methanol mixture.
- microwaves may be irradiated to a mixture of oily substance-producing microorganisms and organic solvent, or microwaves may be irradiated to a mixture of oily substance-producing microorganisms, organic solvent and water. Good.
- the dried oily substance-producing microorganism and the organic solvent may be mixed and put into the reactor 11.
- the microwave may be irradiated in the presence of the microwave characteristic substance. is there.
- the microwave irradiation step when the mixture of the oily substance-producing microorganism and the organic solvent is irradiated with microwaves, means for mixing the oily substance-producing microorganism and the organic solvent at the front stage of the reactor 11 is provided. May be present.
- an organic solvent it is preferable to perform a process for removing the organic solvent in the recovery step.
- the treatment may be, for example, distillation.
- the oil substance manufacturing apparatus 1 includes the temperature measurement unit 24 and the microwave control unit 14 has been described, but this need not be the case.
- the temperature is set to It is not necessary to control the output of the used microwave.
- the microwave characteristic substance separation unit 15 is provided in the subsequent stage of the reactor 11 , but this need not be the case.
- Production of an oily substance according to the present embodiment such as when separating a microwave characteristic substance by another apparatus, using a fixed microwave characteristic substance, or not using a microwave characteristic substance
- the microwave characteristic substance separation unit 15 may not be provided.
- the stirring means 23 for stirring the contents in the reactor 11 has been described, but this need not be the case.
- the stirring means 23 may not be provided.
- the oil substance manufacturing apparatus 1 includes the recovery tank 17
- the oily substance produced by the oily substance-producing microorganism may be collected in another device.
- each process or each function may be realized by centralized processing by a single device or a single system, or may be distributedly processed by a plurality of devices or a plurality of systems. It may be realized by doing.
- the method for producing an oily substance may be realized using the oily substance producing apparatus 1 or may be realized using another apparatus.
- the method for producing an oily substance according to the above-described embodiment may include at least a part of the process for producing the oily substance by collecting the oily substance produced by the oily substance-producing microorganism. That is, the method for producing an oily substance may include, for example, only a microwave irradiation step, or may include a microwave irradiation step and a recovery step.
- information such as threshold values, mathematical formulas, addresses, etc. used by each component in the processing is temporarily stored in a recording medium (not shown) even if it is not specified in the above description. Alternatively, it may be held for a long time. Further, the storage of information in the recording medium (not shown) may be performed by each component or a storage unit (not shown). Further, reading of information from the recording medium (not shown) may be performed by each component or a reading unit (not shown).
- information used by each component for example, information such as a threshold value, an address, and various setting values used by each component may be changed by the user Even if it is not specified in the above description, the user may be able to change the information as appropriate, or it may not be. If the information can be changed by the user, the change is realized by, for example, a not-shown receiving unit that receives a change instruction from the user and a changing unit (not shown) that changes the information in accordance with the change instruction. May be.
- the change instruction received by the receiving unit (not shown) may be received from an input device, information received via a communication line, or information read from a predetermined recording medium, for example. .
- each component may be configured by dedicated hardware, or a component that can be realized by software may be realized by executing a program.
- each component can be realized by a program execution unit such as a CPU reading and executing a software program recorded on a recording medium such as a hard disk or a semiconductor memory.
- the effect that oily substance can be efficiently recovered by irradiating the oily substance-producing microorganism with microwaves can be obtained. It is useful as a method for producing an oily substance using a productive microorganism.
Abstract
Description
このような構成により、マイクロ波を照射することによって、例えば、油状物質生産性微生物の細胞壁の少なくとも一部を破壊することができ、その結果、油状物質生産性微生物の内部に存在する油状物質を回収することができるようになる。
このような構成により、マイクロ波特性物質にマイクロ波の電界、磁界が集中することになり、その結果、例えば、そのマイクロ波特性物質の近傍に存在する油状物質生産性微生物の細胞壁の少なくとも一部を破壊することができうる。
このような構成により、マイクロ波特性物質が油状物質生産性微生物の近傍を流動することによって、例えば、油状物質生産性微生物の細胞壁の少なくとも一部を破壊することができうる。
このような構成により、マイクロ波の電界がマイクロ波特性物質に集中することになり、例えば、その近傍に存在する油状物質生産性微生物の細胞壁の少なくとも一部を破壊することができうる。
このような構成により、例えば、その固定されているマイクロ波特性物質の近傍を流動する油状物質生産性微生物の細胞壁の少なくとも一部を破壊することができうる。
このような構成により、その回収工程によって、例えば、油状物質生産性微生物の内部に存在する油状物質を回収することができる。
このような構成により、マイクロ波を照射することによって、例えば、油状物質生産性微生物の細胞壁の少なくとも一部を破壊することができ、その結果、油状物質生産性微生物の内部に存在する油状物質を回収することができるようになる。
このような構成により、マイクロ波特性物質にマイクロ波の電界、磁界が集中することになり、その結果、例えば、そのマイクロ波特性物質の近傍に存在する油状物質生産性微生物の細胞壁の少なくとも一部を破壊することができうる。
このような構成により、そのリアクターのマイクロ波が集中して照射される位置において、油状物質生産性微生物に効果的にマイクロ波が照射されることになり、例えば、油状物質生産性微生物の細胞壁の少なくとも一部をより効果的に破壊することができうる。
本発明の実施の形態1による油状物質の製造装置について、図面を参照しながら説明する。本実施の形態による油状物質の製造装置は、油状物質生産性微生物にマイクロ波を照射するものである。
(ステップS101)濃縮工程において、培養された油状物質生産性微生物を濃縮する。この濃縮は、前述のように、濾過等の脱水処理によって行うことができる。なお、図1の油状物質の製造装置1においては、この脱水処理を行う構成要素については記載していない。すなわち、図1で示される油状物質の製造装置1とは別の装置において、この脱水処理が行われるものとする。なお、脱水処理を行わない場合には、このステップS101を省略してもよい。
なお、リアクター11におけるマイクロ波照射工程や、回収槽17における回収工程は、バッチ式の処理であってもよく、流通式の処理であってもよい。
次に、本実施の形態による油状物質の製造装置1を用いて微細藻類から油状物質を製造する処理について、実験例を用いて説明する。なお、本発明がその実験例に限定されないことは言うまでもない。
Claims (13)
- 油状物質生産性微生物に対してマイクロ波を照射するマイクロ波照射工程を含む、油状物質の製造方法。
- 前記マイクロ波照射工程では、マイクロ波吸収性またはマイクロ波感受性を有する物質であるマイクロ波特性物質の存在下においてマイクロ波を照射する、請求項1記載の油状物質の製造方法。
- 前記マイクロ波特性物質は、流動するものである、請求項2記載の油状物質の製造方法。
- 前記マイクロ波特性物質は、マイクロ波の電界を集める形状のものである、請求項3記載の油状物質の製造方法。
- 前記マイクロ波特性物質は、固定されたものである、請求項2記載の油状物質の製造方法。
- 前記マイクロ波特性物質は、誘電体、導電体、磁性体の少なくともいずれかである、請求項2から請求項5のいずれか記載の油状物質の製造方法。
- 前記マイクロ波照射工程の後に、前記油状物質生産性微生物によって生産された油状物質を回収する回収工程をさらに含む、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか記載の油状物質の製造方法。
- 前記油状物質生産性微生物は、油状物質生産性微細藻類である、請求項1から請求項7のいずれか記載の油状物質の製造方法。
- 前記マイクロ波照射工程では、2以上の周波数のマイクロ波を照射する、請求項1から請求項8のいずれか記載の油状物質の製造方法。
- 前記マイクロ波照射工程では、油状物質生産性微生物と有機溶媒との混合物に対してマイクロ波を照射する、請求項1から請求項9のいずれか記載の油状物質の製造方法。
- 油状物質生産性微生物が入れられるリアクターと、
前記リアクター内の前記油状物質生産性微生物に対してマイクロ波を照射するマイクロ波発生器と、を備えた油状物質の製造装置。 - 前記リアクターには、マイクロ波吸収性またはマイクロ波感受性を有する物質であるマイクロ波特性物質が存在する、請求項11記載の油状物質の製造装置。
- 前記リアクターは、少なくともその一部に、前記マイクロ波発生器が発生したマイクロ波が集中して照射される形状を有する、請求項11または請求項12記載の油状物質の製造装置。
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JP2016124998A (ja) * | 2015-01-06 | 2016-07-11 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | 藻類油脂の抽出方法、及び超音波処理装置 |
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US10457930B2 (en) | 2019-10-29 |
JP5901519B2 (ja) | 2016-04-13 |
JPWO2012002483A1 (ja) | 2013-08-29 |
US20130102047A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
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