WO2011148898A1 - 半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法、半導体記憶装置の電圧特性調整方法およびチャージポンプ並びにチャージポンプの電圧調整方法 - Google Patents
半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法、半導体記憶装置の電圧特性調整方法およびチャージポンプ並びにチャージポンプの電圧調整方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C5/00—Details of stores covered by group G11C11/00
- G11C5/14—Power supply arrangements, e.g. power down, chip selection or deselection, layout of wirings or power grids, or multiple supply levels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
- G11C11/34—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
- G11C11/40—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors
- G11C11/41—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming static cells with positive feedback, i.e. cells not needing refreshing or charge regeneration, e.g. bistable multivibrator or Schmitt trigger
- G11C11/413—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing, timing or power reduction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C5/00—Details of stores covered by group G11C11/00
- G11C5/14—Power supply arrangements, e.g. power down, chip selection or deselection, layout of wirings or power grids, or multiple supply levels
- G11C5/145—Applications of charge pumps; Boosted voltage circuits; Clamp circuits therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C7/00—Arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C7/10—Input/output [I/O] data interface arrangements, e.g. I/O data control circuits, I/O data buffers
- G11C7/1078—Data input circuits, e.g. write amplifiers, data input buffers, data input registers, data input level conversion circuits
- G11C7/1096—Write circuits, e.g. I/O line write drivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B10/00—Static random access memory [SRAM] devices
- H10B10/12—Static random access memory [SRAM] devices comprising a MOSFET load element
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a voltage characteristic adjustment method for a semiconductor element, a voltage characteristic adjustment method for a semiconductor memory device, a charge pump, and a voltage characteristic adjustment method for a charge pump.
- two halo regions having different impurity concentration peak values are formed in the region between the source and drain of the access transistor, and the source or drain adjacent to the halo region having the higher impurity concentration peak value is connected to the inverter.
- a plurality of transistors are connected in series in a plurality of stages by connecting the source of a transistor having a connection terminal having a gate and a drain connected to the connection terminal of an adjacent transistor, and the connection terminal is connected via a capacitor.
- a charge pump that boosts the power supply voltage input to the connection terminal of the starting transistor while applying the clock signal, and outputs the voltage from the output terminal connected to the source of the terminal transistor (for example, Non-patent document 2).
- the voltage characteristic adjusting method for a semiconductor memory element, the voltage characteristic adjusting method for a semiconductor memory device, the charge pump and the voltage adjusting method for the charge pump according to the present invention are mainly intended to improve operating characteristics by a simpler method.
- the voltage characteristic adjusting method for a semiconductor memory element, the voltage characteristic adjusting method for a semiconductor memory device, the charge pump, and the voltage adjusting method for the charge pump according to the present invention employ the following means in order to achieve the main object described above.
- the voltage characteristic adjustment method of the semiconductor memory element of the present invention is: A first inverter having a first input terminal and a first output terminal; a second inverter having a second input terminal connected to the first output terminal; and a second output terminal connected to the first input terminal
- a first gate insulating layer having a predetermined insulating property the gate is connected to the word line, one of the source and the drain is connected to the first output terminal of the first inverter, and the other of the source and the drain is two
- a first pass gate transistor connected to one of the two bit lines; a second gate insulating layer having a predetermined insulation performance; the gate is connected to the word line; and one of the source and drain is the second inverter
- a second pass gate transistor connected to the other output terminal of the two bit lines and connected to the other of the two bit lines.
- Voltage characteristics of the semiconductor memory device comprising Te a voltage characteristic adjustment method for adjusting, A voltage difference between a power supply voltage application point for applying a power supply voltage when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated and the two bit lines is different from the power supply voltage application point for the normal operation of the semiconductor memory element.
- the voltage difference between the power supply voltage application point for applying the power supply voltage and the two bit lines causes the semiconductor memory element to operate normally.
- the voltage applied to the power supply voltage application point and the voltage applied to the two bit lines are adjusted so that a predetermined voltage difference is greater than the voltage difference between the power supply voltage application point and the two bit lines.
- the state of the pass gate transistor is maintained even after the application of the voltage to the power supply voltage application point and the two bit lines is interrupted, so that the data stored in the semiconductor memory element is stored. It is possible to improve the operation characteristics of the semiconductor memory element such as the read characteristic when reading through the two bit lines and the write characteristic when writing data into the semiconductor memory element via the two bit lines.
- a first bit voltage which is executed before the voltage adjustment step and is applied to the bit line when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated, Of the second bit voltages lower than the first bit voltage, the first bit voltage is applied to one of the two bit lines and the second bit voltage is applied to the other of the two bit lines
- a writing step of applying an on-control voltage in a normal operation as a voltage to turn on the first pass gate transistor and the second pass gate transistor when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated on the word line It can also be.
- the voltage adjustment step can be executed, and the operating characteristics of the semiconductor memory element can be improved more appropriately.
- the first pass gate transistor and the second pass gate transistor are executed before the voltage adjustment step and when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated on the word line.
- the power supply in a state of applying a normal operation off control voltage as a voltage for turning off the pass gate transistor and applying a normal operation substrate voltage as a voltage to be applied when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated on the semiconductor substrate.
- a low power supply voltage application step of applying a predetermined low voltage lower than a power supply voltage applied when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated at a voltage application point may be provided.
- the voltage at the first output terminal of the first inverter and the voltage at the first output terminal of the second inverter are set to voltages reflecting variations in the current driving force between the first inverter and the second inverter, and then the voltage
- the adjustment step can be executed, and the operating characteristics of the semiconductor memory element can be improved more appropriately.
- it is executed between the low power supply voltage application step and the voltage adjustment step, and the two bit lines are in an electrically floating state and the substrate voltage is applied to the semiconductor substrate during the normal operation.
- the voltage of the first output terminal of the first inverter and the voltage of the first output terminal of the second inverter are set to the current driving power of the first inverter, the second inverter, the first pass gate transistor, and the second pass gate transistor.
- the voltage adjustment step can be executed after setting the voltage reflecting the variation, and the operating characteristics of the semiconductor memory element can be improved more appropriately.
- the voltage adjustment step includes the step of applying a voltage difference between the power supply voltage application point and the two bit lines to the predetermined voltage difference and the word line.
- the voltage applied to the power supply voltage application point, the voltage applied to the two bit lines, and the word line so that the voltage difference between the two bit lines is a predetermined low voltage difference smaller than the predetermined voltage difference.
- It may be a step of adjusting the voltage applied to.
- the voltage adjusting step applies an on-control voltage during normal operation as a voltage for turning on the first pass gate transistor and the second pass gate transistor when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated on the word line.
- the second bit voltage is set to the two bit lines. And applying a predetermined high power supply voltage higher than the power supply voltage applied during normal operation of the semiconductor memory element to the power supply voltage application point and higher than the on-control voltage during normal operation. You can also. In this way, the bit line connected to the first pass gate transistor or the second pass gate transistor connected to the higher one of the first output terminal of the first inverter and the second output terminal of the second inverter.
- the threshold voltage when the voltage of the connected bit line is higher than the voltage of the output terminal can be made higher than the threshold voltage when the voltage of the output is lower than the voltage of the connected output terminal, and the operating characteristics of the semiconductor memory element Can be improved.
- the voltage adjusting step applies the voltage applied to the semiconductor substrate so that the voltage applied to the semiconductor substrate is lower than the normal substrate voltage applied to the semiconductor substrate when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated.
- an on-control voltage is applied to the word line during normal operation
- the second bit voltage is applied to the two bit lines
- the predetermined high power supply voltage is applied to the power supply voltage application point. It is also possible to be a step of applying.
- the higher voltage of the first output terminal of the first inverter and the second output terminal of the second inverter can be made higher than when a normal substrate voltage is applied to the semiconductor substrate.
- the threshold voltage when the voltage of the bit line being higher than the voltage of the output terminal to which it is connected can be made higher, and the operating characteristics can be further improved.
- the voltage adjustment step may include that the voltage difference between the power supply voltage application point and the two bit lines becomes the predetermined voltage difference and the word line The voltage applied to the power supply voltage application point, the voltage applied to the two bit lines, and the word line so that the voltage difference between the two bit lines is a predetermined high voltage difference equal to or greater than the predetermined voltage difference. It can also be a step of adjusting the voltage applied to. In this case, the voltage adjustment step is not more than a normal operation off control voltage as a voltage for turning off the first pass gate transistor and the second pass gate transistor when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated on the word line.
- the first bit voltage among a first bit voltage and a second bit voltage lower than the first bit voltage as a voltage applied to the bit line when a predetermined off voltage is applied and the semiconductor memory element is normally operated A step of applying a higher predetermined high bit voltage to the two bit lines and applying a predetermined low power supply voltage lower than a power supply voltage applied when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated at the power supply voltage application point. Can also be.
- the threshold voltage when the voltage of the connected bit line is higher than the voltage of the output terminal can be made higher than the threshold voltage when the voltage of the output is lower than the voltage of the connected output terminal, and the operating characteristics of the semiconductor memory element Can be improved.
- the charge pump of the present invention is A first input terminal, a second input terminal, a third input terminal, an output terminal, a connection terminal, a gate formed on an insulating layer having a predetermined insulation performance, and a source and a drain;
- n transistors By connecting the source of a transistor in which one of the gates and the gate is connected to the connection terminal to the connection terminal of an adjacent transistor, n transistors (n is an integer of 2 or more) are connected in series.
- n transistors is an integer of 2 or more
- (N-1) transistor connection terminals excluding the transistor at the start of the transistor circuit and the n transistors of the multistage transistor circuit A capacitor circuit having (n ⁇ 1) capacitors connected at one end and having the other end different from the one end of an adjacent capacitor alternately connected to the second input terminal or the third input terminal;
- An input signal supply circuit capable of supplying a voltage or a clock signal to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal, and a power supply voltage to the first input terminal during normal operation The input signal supply circuit is controlled so that a clock signal is input to the second input terminal while an inverted clock signal obtained by inverting the clock signal is input to the third input terminal.
- a charge pump comprising a control circuit, a control voltage supply circuit having n control terminals and supplying a voltage to each of the control terminals; N switching elements that turn on and off the supply of voltage from the n control terminals to the connection terminals and gates of the n transistors of the multistage transistor circuit;
- the control circuit is configured to input a predetermined low voltage to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal and to switch two adjacent switching elements among the n switching elements. With the elements turned on and the remaining switching elements turned off, a voltage equal to or lower than the predetermined low voltage is applied to one of the control terminals connected to the two switching elements that are turned on.
- the input signal supply circuit and the control signal are applied so that a predetermined high voltage higher than the predetermined low voltage is applied to the other control terminal among the control terminals connected to the two switching elements that are turned on.
- the gist of the present invention is to control a voltage supply circuit and the n switching elements.
- a clock signal is input to the second input terminal while the power supply voltage is supplied to the first input terminal during normal operation, and the clock signal is input to the third input terminal.
- the input signal supply circuit is controlled so that the inverted inverted clock signal is input.
- the power supply voltage input to the first input terminal can be boosted and output from the output terminal.
- a predetermined low voltage is input to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal, and two adjacent switching elements among the n switching elements are turned on to perform the remaining switching.
- Two switching elements that are turned on when a voltage equal to or lower than a predetermined low voltage is applied to one of the control terminals connected to the two switching elements that are turned on with the element turned off The input signal supply circuit, the control voltage supply circuit, and the n switching elements are controlled such that a predetermined high voltage higher than a predetermined low voltage is applied to the other control terminal among the control terminals connected to .
- the connection of the terminal-side transistor from the voltage at the connection terminal of the transistor on the start-end side is made with respect to the transistor on the start-end side
- the threshold voltage when the terminal voltage is high can be made lower than the threshold voltage when the voltage of the connection terminal of the terminal transistor is lower than the voltage of the connection terminal of the transistor on the start side. Since the state of such a transistor is maintained even after the supply of voltage to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal is interrupted, the voltage of the first input terminal is boosted and output. It is possible to improve the boosting efficiency of the transistors constituting the multistage transistor circuit when outputting from the terminal, that is, to improve the operating characteristics.
- the control circuit is configured to input a predetermined low voltage to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal, and the n switching terminals. With the two adjacent switching elements turned on and the remaining switching elements turned off, the control terminal connected to the two switching elements that are turned on is connected to the transistor side at the beginning of the multistage transistor circuit. A voltage equal to or lower than the predetermined low voltage is applied to the control terminal and the predetermined terminal is connected to the control terminal on the transistor side at the end of the multistage transistor circuit among the connection terminals connected to the two switching elements that are turned on. The input signal supply circuit and the n switching elements so that a predetermined high voltage higher than the low voltage of the input signal is applied.
- the control voltage supply circuit may be a circuit that controls the control voltage supply circuit, and the control circuit has a predetermined low level at the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal.
- the control circuit is connected to the two switching elements that are turned on in a state in which two adjacent switching elements among the n switching elements are turned on and the remaining switching elements are turned off.
- a predetermined high voltage higher than the predetermined low voltage is applied to the control terminal on the transistor side at the start of the multi-stage transistor circuit, and among the connection terminals connected to the two switching elements that are turned on
- the input signal supply circuit is configured so that a voltage equal to or lower than the predetermined low voltage is applied to a control terminal on the transistor side at the end of the multistage transistor circuit. Can also be assumed the a n-number of circuits for controlling the switching element and the control voltage supply circuit.
- the voltage characteristic adjustment method of the charge pump of the present invention is: A first input terminal, a second input terminal, a third input terminal, an output terminal, a connection terminal, a gate formed on an insulating layer having a predetermined insulation performance, and a source and a drain; By connecting the source of a transistor in which one of the gates and the gate is connected to the connection terminal to the connection terminal of an adjacent transistor, n transistors (n is an integer of 2 or more) are connected in series.
- n transistors is an integer of 2 or more
- (N-1) transistor connection terminals excluding the transistor at the start of the transistor circuit and the n transistors of the multistage transistor circuit A capacitor circuit having (n ⁇ 1) capacitors connected at one end and having the other end different from the one end of an adjacent capacitor alternately connected to the second input terminal or the third input terminal;
- An input signal supply circuit capable of supplying a voltage or a clock signal to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal, and n control terminals,
- a control voltage supply circuit for supplying a voltage to each of the n switching elements for turning on and off the supply of voltage from the n control terminals to the connection terminals and gates of the n transistors of the multistage transistor circuit;
- the n switching elements are turned off during normal operation and a power supply voltage is supplied to the first input terminal and a clock signal is supplied to the second input terminal.
- a voltage characteristic of a charge pump that controls the input signal supply circuit and the n switching elements is adjusted so that an inverted clock signal obtained by inverting the clock signal is input to the third input terminal.
- a voltage characteristic adjustment method comprising: A predetermined low voltage is inputted to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal, and two adjacent switching elements among the n switching elements are turned on and the remainder is turned on. With the switching element turned off, a voltage equal to or lower than the predetermined low voltage is applied to one control terminal among the control terminals connected to the two switching elements that are turned on, and the switching element is turned on.
- the input signal supply circuit, the control voltage supply circuit, and the control circuit are configured to apply a predetermined high voltage higher than the predetermined low voltage to the other control terminal among the control terminals connected to the two switching elements.
- control n switching elements It is characterized by that.
- a predetermined low voltage is inputted to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal, and the n switching elements are adjacent to each other.
- a voltage lower than a predetermined low voltage is applied to one of the control terminals connected to the two switching elements that are turned on.
- the input signal supply circuit and the control voltage supply so that a predetermined high voltage higher than a predetermined low voltage is applied to the other control terminal among the control terminals connected to the two switching elements that are turned on.
- the circuit and n switching elements are controlled.
- the connection of the terminal-side transistor from the voltage at the connection terminal of the transistor on the start-end side is made with respect to the transistor on the start-end side
- the threshold voltage when the terminal voltage is high can be made lower than the threshold voltage when the voltage of the connection terminal of the terminal transistor is lower than the voltage of the connection terminal of the transistor on the start side. Since the state of such a transistor is maintained even after the supply of voltage to the first input terminal, the second input terminal, and the third input terminal is interrupted, the voltage of the first input terminal is boosted and output. It is possible to improve the boosting efficiency of the transistors constituting the multistage transistor circuit when outputting from the terminal, that is, to improve the operating characteristics.
- the method of adjusting the voltage characteristics of the semiconductor memory device of the present invention is as follows.
- a first inverter having a first input terminal and a first output terminal; a second inverter having a second input terminal connected to the first output terminal; and a second output terminal connected to the first input terminal;
- a first gate insulating layer having a predetermined insulating property and one of a source and a drain connected to the first output terminal of the first inverter and a second gate insulating layer having a predetermined insulating property N (n is an integer greater than or equal to 2) semiconductor memory elements each having a source or drain connected to the output terminal of the second inverter, and the n semiconductors N word lines connected to a gate of the first pass gate transistor and a gate of the second pass gate transistor of the storage element; and a source of the first pass gate transistor.
- a voltage characteristic for adjusting a voltage characteristic of a semiconductor memory device including a first bit line connected to the other of the source and the drain and a second bit line connected to the other of the source and the drain of the second pass gate transistor
- An adjustment method, A power supply voltage application point for applying a power supply voltage during normal operation of the semiconductor memory element, a word line connected to the first pass gate transistor and the second pass gate transistor of the semiconductor memory element, and the first bit line And the second bit line are voltage differences between the power supply voltage application point, the word line, and the two bit lines when normal data is written to the semiconductor memory element.
- a second step of performing a low power supply voltage read operation for adjusting the voltage applied to the line on the at least two semiconductor memory elements After the second step is performed, the first pass gate transistors of the at least two semiconductor memory elements are applied with a voltage higher than the normal power voltage applied to the power supply voltage application point of the at least two semiconductor memory elements. And a voltage applied to a power supply voltage application point of the at least two semiconductor elements so that a voltage not lower than the normal power supply voltage and lower than the normal power supply voltage is applied to a word line connected to the second pass gate transistor.
- a third step of adjusting a voltage applied to a word line connected to two semiconductor elements It is a summary to provide.
- a power supply voltage application point for applying a power supply voltage when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated is connected to the first pass gate transistor and the second pass gate transistor of the semiconductor memory element.
- the voltage difference between the word line, the first bit line, and the second bit line is the power supply voltage application point, the word line, the first bit line, and the second voltage when writing normal data to the semiconductor memory element.
- the write operation to be adjusted is performed on at least two semiconductor memory elements among the n semiconductor memory elements.
- the voltage at which the voltage at the first output terminal of the first inverter or the second output terminal of the second inverter is applied to the first bit line with respect to at least two of the n semiconductor memory elements and the second The voltage can correspond to the voltage applied to 2 bits.
- the word line is applied in a state where a voltage lower than the normal power supply voltage, which is a voltage applied to the power supply voltage application point when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated at the power supply voltage application point, is applied.
- the low power supply voltage read operation for adjusting the above is executed for at least two semiconductor memory elements.
- the current drive capability of the first pass gate transistor or the second pass gate transistor is higher than the current drive capability of the first inverter or the second inverter of the semiconductor memory element, that is, the first pass gate transistor or the second pass gate.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor When the threshold voltage of the transistor is low, when the second step is executed, the voltage at the first output terminal of the first inverter and the voltage at the second output terminal of the second inverter are different from the respective voltages after the first step is executed. That is, the stored data is inverted. Therefore, by executing the first step and the second step in order, it is possible to invert only the data stored in the semiconductor memory element having a pass gate transistor having a low threshold voltage among at least two semiconductor memory elements. Further, after the second step is executed, the first pass gate transistor and the first pass gate transistor of the at least two semiconductor memory elements and the first pass gate transistor in a state where a voltage higher than the normal power supply voltage is applied to the power supply voltage application point of the at least two semiconductor memory elements.
- the voltage applied to the power supply voltage application point of at least two semiconductor memory elements and the at least two semiconductor memory elements are applied to a word line connected to the two-pass gate transistor so that a voltage not lower than the normal on-voltage and lower than the normal power supply voltage is applied.
- the voltage applied to at least two word lines connected is adjusted. Accordingly, the pass gate transistor connected to the output terminal having the higher voltage among the first output terminal of the first inverter and the second output terminal of the second inverter of the semiconductor memory element in which the stored data is inverted.
- the threshold voltage can be further increased by injecting electrons into the insulating layer of the first pass gate transistor or the second pass gate transistor. As a result, the voltage characteristics of the semiconductor memory device can be improved.
- the write operation in the first step is performed in a state where the normal power supply voltage is applied to the power supply voltage application point and the normal on-voltage is applied to the word line.
- the first bit voltage which is a voltage applied to the bit line when the semiconductor memory element is normally operated, and the second bit voltage lower than the first bit voltage
- the first bit voltage is set to the first bit line and Applying to one of the second bit lines and applying the second bit voltage to the other of the first bit line and the second bit line to the power supply voltage application point of the semiconductor memory element Adjusting a voltage, a voltage applied to the first bit line, a voltage applied to the second bit line, and a voltage applied to the word line; It can also be as.
- the first bit voltage is applied to the first bit voltage while the normal power supply voltage is applied to the power supply voltage application point and the normal on-voltage is applied to the word line.
- Application of the power supply voltage of the semiconductor memory element so that the second bit voltage is applied to one of the first bit line and the second bit line while being applied to the other of the one bit line and the second bit line A write operation after performing the third step of adjusting a voltage applied to a point, a voltage applied to the first bit line, a voltage applied to the second bit line, and a voltage applied to the word line;
- a fourth step is performed for at least two of the semiconductor memory elements, and the second step and the third step are performed after the fourth step is performed. It can also be made to run and up.
- the threshold voltage of either the first pass gate transistor or the second pass gate transistor is low, the threshold voltage can be further increased by injecting electrons into the insulating layer of the transistor having a low threshold voltage.
- the voltage characteristics of the memory device can be improved.
- the first step is a step of executing the write operation on the n semiconductor memory elements.
- the second step is a step of executing the low power supply voltage read operation on the n semiconductor memory elements, and the third step is higher than the normal power supply voltage at a power supply voltage application point of the n semiconductor memory elements.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a configuration of an SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) 10 equipped with a plurality of memory cells 12 whose voltage characteristics are adjusted by a voltage characteristic adjusting method according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- 2 is a circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of a memory cell 12.
- FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a structure of transistor NL, NR and pass gate transistor PGL, PGR. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a structure of transistors PL and PR.
- 6 is a process diagram showing an example of a voltage characteristic adjustment process for adjusting the voltage characteristic of the SRAM 10.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a configuration of an SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) 10 equipped with a plurality of memory cells 12 whose voltage characteristics are adjusted by a voltage characteristic adjusting method according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a structure of transistor
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a state of a memory cell 12 during a data read operation.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a state of the memory cell 12 during a data write operation. It is process drawing which shows an example of the voltage characteristic adjustment process which adjusts the voltage characteristic of SRAM10 of 2nd Example.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of transistors Tr1 to Trn. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating a mode at the time of adjusting the voltage characteristic of the charge pump. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the state of transistor Tr2 at the time of adjusting a voltage characteristic. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the gate voltage Vg of the transistor by which the hole was injected into the insulating layer 122, the drain current Id which flows from a drain to a source, and a threshold voltage. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating a mode when the clock signal CLK is rising by transistor Tr2 which inject
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an outline of a configuration of a main part of an SRAM 410.
- FIG. It is a process diagram showing an example of a voltage characteristic adjustment process for adjusting the voltage characteristic of the SRAM 410.
- FIG. drawing shows an example of the bias condition in the middle of performing the process of step S220, and the electric current which flows through SRAM410.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of the configuration of an SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) 10 equipped with a plurality of memory cells 12 whose voltage characteristics are adjusted by the voltage characteristic adjusting method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the SRAM 10 corresponds to a plurality of memory cells 12 connected to a plurality of word lines WL and a plurality of bit lines BLL and BLR arranged in a matrix, and a row address signal given when a row address signal is given.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an outline of the configuration of the memory cell 12.
- the memory cell 12 includes an inverter INVL having a p-channel MOS transistor PL and an n-channel MOS transistor NL (hereinafter referred to as transistors PL and NL) whose gates are connected to the input terminal INL and whose drains are connected to the output terminal OUTL.
- a p-channel MOS transistor PR and an n-channel MOS transistor NR hereinafter referred to as transistors PR and NR whose gates are connected to the input terminal INR and whose drains are connected to the output terminal OUTR.
- the n-channel MOS transistor PGL hereinafter referred to as a pass gate transistor PGL that releases the electrical connection between the bit line BLL and the output terminal OUTL, and the gate connected to the word line WL.
- the bit line BLR When turned on, the bit line BLR is electrically connected to the output terminal OUTR, and when turned off, the electrical connection between the bit line BLR and the output terminal OUTR is released (hereinafter referred to as a pass gate transistor PGR). ).
- the transistors PL and PR are connected to a power supply voltage application point Vdd to which a power supply voltage is applied when the source normally operates, and the transistors NL and NR are connected to the ground voltage Vss when the source normally operates. Is connected to a ground voltage application point Vss to which is applied.
- the transistors PL, PR, NL, NR and pass gate transistors PGL, PGR constituting the inverters INVL, INVR will be described.
- the transistors NL and NR and the pass gate transistors PGL and PGR are configured as well-known n-channel MOS transistors, and are semiconductors such as silicon (Si) whose conductivity type is adjusted to be p-type.
- the transistors PL and PR are configured as well-known p-channel MOS transistors.
- the transistors PL and PR are formed on the well 30 that is adjusted so that the conductivity type formed in the semiconductor substrate 20 is n-type.
- the p-type diffusion layers 36 and 38 are formed in the well 30 so as to sandwich the region below 32 and function as a source or drain.
- the transistors PL, PR, NL, NR and pass gate transistors PGL, PGR are formed on the same semiconductor substrate 20, and between the transistors PL, PR and the transistors NL, NR, pass gate transistors PGL, PGR, Elements are isolated by an oxide film or the like having a high insulation performance (not shown).
- the well 30 is connected to the power supply voltage application point Vdd, the voltage applied to the power supply voltage application point Vdd is the voltage Vdd, the voltage applied to the ground voltage application point Vss is the ground voltage Vss, and the semiconductor substrate.
- the voltage applied to 20 is the substrate voltage Vsub, basically, the voltage Vdd is a value V1 (for example, 1.0 V), the ground voltage Vss is 0 V, and the substrate voltage Vsub is 0 V so that the power supply voltage application point Vdd is The ground voltage application point Vss is applied to the semiconductor substrate 20 with a voltage. Such voltage application is performed to all the memory cells 12 at once.
- the output terminal OUTL is changed by a data write operation, a read operation, a data hold operation, or the like in a state where the power supply voltage application point Vdd, the ground voltage application point Vss, or the above-described voltage is applied to the semiconductor substrate 20.
- the output terminal OUTR is in a low voltage state (hereinafter referred to as L level), and when the output terminal OUTL is at L level, the output terminal OUTR is at H level.
- bit line voltages Vbll and Vblr the voltages of the bit lines BLL and BLR (hereinafter referred to as bit line voltages Vbll and Vblr).
- Vwl the voltage of the word line WL
- a set of bit lines BLL and BLR is selected by the column decoder 16 based on the input column address signal, and the output terminal OUTL of the memory cell 12 connected to the selected word line WL and bit lines BLL and BLR is selected. , OUTR are set to voltages corresponding to the bit lines BLL and BLR.
- the data read operation from the SRAM 10 is preliminarily applied to a voltage Vdd (value V1) to which a signal necessary for the operation such as a row address signal and a column address signal is applied and the bit lines BLL and BLR are applied to the power supply voltage application point Vdd.
- the memory cell 12 connected to the word line WL and the bit lines BLL and BLR selected by the row decoder 14 and the column decoder 16 corresponds to the voltage difference between the output terminals OUTL and VR. This is done by reading out the voltage difference between the bit lines BLL and BLR generated as data. Further, in the data holding operation, all the word lines WL and bit lines BLL and BLR are deselected, the pass gate transistors PGL and PGR are turned off, and the voltages at the output terminals OUTL and OUTR of the memory cell 12 are held as data. This is done.
- FIG. 5 is a process diagram showing an example of a voltage characteristic adjustment process for adjusting the voltage characteristic of the SRAM 10. This step is performed with the ground voltage application point Vss of the memory cell 12 fixed to 0V.
- the voltage Vdd is the value V1
- the substrate voltage Vsub is 0 V
- the word line voltage Vwl is the value V1
- the bit line voltage is applied to the power supply voltage application point Vdd of the memory cell 12, the semiconductor substrate 20, the word line WL, and the bit lines BLL and BLR so that Vbll becomes 0V and the bit line voltage Vblr becomes the value V1 (step S100).
- the output terminal OUTL of the plurality of memory cells 12 can be set to L level and the output terminal OUTR can be set to H level, and data can be written to the plurality of memory cells 12 at once.
- the voltage Vdd is a value V1h (eg, 3.0V) higher than the value V1
- the substrate voltage Vsub is a value Vsub1 (eg, ⁇ 4.0V) lower than 0V
- the word of the word line WL selected in the process of step S100 A voltage is applied to the power supply voltage application point Vdd of the plurality of memory cells, the semiconductor substrate 20, the word line WL, and the bit lines BLL and BLR so that the line voltage Vwl is the value V1, and the bit line voltage Vbll and the bit line voltage Vblr are 0V. (Step S110). The reason why the voltage is applied to the power supply voltage application point Vdd, the semiconductor substrate 20, the word line WL, and the bit lines BLL and BLR will be described below.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the state of the pass gate transistor PGR in the process of step S110.
- the pass gate transistor PGR since the drain voltage Vd obtained by subtracting the voltage applied to the source from the voltage applied to the drain is higher than usual, impact ionization is performed near the drain of the semiconductor substrate 20. (Impact Ionization) generates hot electrons, and the voltage obtained by subtracting the voltage applied to the source from the voltage applied to the gate is lower than the drain voltage Vd. It is injected at a nearby position.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the gate voltage Vg of the transistor in which hot electrons are injected into the insulating layer 22, the drain current Id flowing from the drain to the source, and the threshold voltage.
- the threshold voltage Vth_s when the diffusion layer adjacent to the electron injection region of the insulating layer 22 into which hot electrons are injected is used as the source of the two diffusion layers 26 and 28 has two diffusion layers. 26 and 28, the threshold voltage Vth_d is higher than that when the diffusion layer adjacent to the electron injection region is used as the drain, and the threshold voltages Vth_s and Vth_d are both higher than the threshold voltage Vth when hot electrons are not injected into the insulating layer 22. Get higher.
- step S110 the power supply voltage application point Vdd and the bit line BLR are set by setting the voltage Vdd to the value V1h and the bit line voltage Vblr to 0 V while the word line voltage Vwl of the word line WL is set to the value V1.
- the voltage difference between the word line WL and the bit line BLR becomes a normal voltage difference V1 smaller than the voltage V1h, and the pass gate transistor PGR has a voltage difference V1h higher than the normal voltage difference V1.
- Hot electrons are injected into the insulating layer 22 near the diffusion layer connected to the output terminal OUTR of the inverter INVR out of the two diffusion layers serving as the source or drain.
- the threshold voltage when the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLR is used as the drain is higher than the threshold voltage when the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLR is used as the source. . Therefore, the value V1h is a voltage at which hot electrons can be injected into the insulating layer 22 near the diffusion layer connected to the output terminal OUTR of the inverter INVR due to the voltage difference between the power supply voltage application point Vdd and the bit line BLR. As described above, a voltage obtained in advance by experiment or analysis is used.
- the read gate transistors PGL and PGR are turned on after floating in a state where the voltages of the bit lines BLL and BLR are precharged to the value V1 at the time of reading.
- the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLR becomes the drain as shown in FIG. A current flows from the bit line BLR to the output terminal OUTR.
- the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGR is low, a large amount of current flows from the bit line BLR to the output terminal OUTR, and the voltage of the output terminal OUTR is easily inverted from the L level to the H level.
- the higher the threshold voltage of PGR the more difficult it is to invert the voltage of the output terminal OUTR, and the read characteristics are improved.
- the output terminal OUTL is at the L level and the output terminal OUTR is at the H level
- the output terminal OUTL is at the H level and the output terminal OUTR is at the L level.
- the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLR is used as a source, as shown in FIG.
- step S110 when the process of step S110 is performed, in the pass gate transistor PGR, when the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLR is a drain, the threshold voltage of the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLR is changed. Since the threshold voltage is higher than that when the source is used, the data read characteristics can be improved as compared with the case where electrons are not injected into the insulating layer 22.
- the threshold voltage Vth_d in the case where the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLR is used as the source does not become so much higher than the threshold voltage Vth before the electrons are injected, so that the data writing characteristic is not significantly deteriorated. Read characteristics can be improved. Thereby, the operating characteristics of the memory cell 12 can be improved.
- the voltage difference between the power supply voltage application point Vdd and the bit line BLR is set to a voltage difference V1h higher than the normal voltage difference V1, and the voltage difference between the word line WL and the bit line BLR is set from the voltage V1h.
- the normal voltage difference V1 By setting the normal voltage difference V1 to be small, the operating characteristics of the memory cell 12 can be improved.
- step S110 the data read characteristics and write characteristics of the memory cell 12 can be improved only by adjusting the power supply voltage application point Vdd and the voltages applied to the semiconductor substrate 20, the word line WL, and the bit lines BLL and BLR. Therefore, the operation characteristics of the memory cell 12 can be improved by a simpler method than that in which a step of doping impurities into the memory cell 12 is added. Further, since the process of step S110 can be executed once for the plurality of memory cells 12, the data read characteristics of the entire SRAM 10 can be improved by a simpler method.
- the substrate voltage Vsub is lower than 0 V, which is a voltage applied during normal operation, the voltage at the output terminal OUTR can be increased, and the amount of hot electrons injected into the insulating layer 22 can be increased.
- the threshold voltage when the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLR is the drain can be made higher.
- the voltage Vdd is the value V1
- the substrate voltage Vsub is 0 V
- the word line voltage Vwl is the value V1
- the bit line voltage Vbll is the value V1
- the bit line for the memory cell 12 selected in the processes of steps S100 and S110.
- a voltage is applied to the power supply voltage application point Vdd of the memory cell, the semiconductor substrate 20, the word line WL, and the bit lines BLL and BLR so that the voltage Vblr becomes 0 V, and the output terminals OUTL of the plurality of memory cells 12 are set to the H level.
- step S120 the output terminal OUTR is set to the L level and data is written to the plurality of memory cells 12 in a lump (step S120), and then the process of step S130, which is the same process as step S110, is executed.
- hot electrons can be injected into the insulating layer 22 in the vicinity of the diffusion layer connected to the output terminal OUTL of the inverter INVL, out of the two diffusion layers serving as the source or drain of the pass gate transistor PGL.
- the threshold voltage when the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLL is the drain can be higher than the threshold voltage when the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLL is the source.
- the read characteristics of the memory cell 12 can be improved.
- the threshold voltage when the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLL is used as the drain can be higher than the threshold voltage when the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLL is used as the source, data writing is possible.
- the pass gate transistors PGL and PGR of all the memory cells 12 connected to the word line WL are turned on, so that the data is selected by the column data 16. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of half-select disturbance, which is a phenomenon that data stored in the memory cells 12 connected to the non-existing bit lines BLL and BLR is inverted.
- the voltage difference between the power supply voltage application point Vdd and the bit line BLR is set to the voltage difference V1h higher than the normal voltage difference V1, and the word line WL
- the operation characteristics of the memory cell 12 can be improved by a simpler method.
- the substrate voltage Vsub is lower than 0 V, which is a voltage applied during normal operation, the voltage at the output terminal OUTR can be increased, and the amount of hot electrons injected into the insulating layer 22 can be increased.
- the threshold voltage when the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLR is the drain can be made higher.
- the substrate voltage Vsub is set to a value Vsub1 (for example, ⁇ 4.0V) smaller than 0V in the processing of steps S100 and S110, but the substrate voltage Vsub is What is necessary is just to make it the voltage below the voltage applied to bit line BLL, BLR, for example, it is good also as what is set to 0V.
- Vsub1 for example, ⁇ 4.0V
- the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGL is executed by executing steps S120 and S130.
- the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGR may be adjusted by executing only the processing of steps S100 and S110 without executing the processing of steps S120 and S130, or the processing of steps S100 and S110. It is also possible to adjust only the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGL by executing only the processing of steps S120 and S130 without executing the above. Further, only the process of step S110 may be executed without executing the processes of steps S100, S120, and S130. In this case, it is impossible to select which insulating layer of the pass gate transistors PGL and PGR is injected with electrons, but it is possible to inject electrons into one of the pass gate transistors PGL and PGR. Therefore, the operating characteristics can be improved.
- the voltage characteristic adjustment process of the second embodiment is the same as the voltage characteristic adjustment process shown in FIG. 5 except that steps S110B and S130B are executed instead of steps S110 and S130. Steps are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 10 is a process diagram showing an example of a voltage characteristic adjustment process for adjusting the voltage characteristic of the SRAM 10 of the second embodiment.
- the process of step S100 is executed, the output terminal OUTL of the memory cell 12 connected to the selected word line WL is set to L level and the output terminal OUTR is set to H level, and then the voltage Vdd is set.
- the value V1 the substrate voltage Vsub is 0V, the word line voltage Vwl is lower than the off-voltage when the word line WL is normally turned off (for example, ⁇ 0.5V), the bit line voltage Vbll and the bit line voltage Vblr are values.
- a voltage is applied to the power supply voltage application point Vdd of the memory cell 12 connected to the selected word line WL of the SRAM 10 and the semiconductor substrate 20, the word line WL, and the bit lines BLL and BLR so as to be V4 (for example, 2.5 V). Apply (step S110B).
- the reason why the voltage is applied to the power supply voltage application point Vdd, the semiconductor substrate 20, the word line WL, and the bit lines BLL and BLR is as follows.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the state of the pass gate transistor PGL in the process of step S110B.
- the voltage difference between the drain and the source is relatively large, and the voltage applied to the drain is higher than the voltage applied to the gate.
- a hole is injected at a position near the drain end of the insulating layer 22 by a GIDL (Gate Induced DrainageLeakage) current generated in the vicinity of the drain when a high electric field is applied to the drain end under the gate in the off state.
- FIG. 12 shows the relationship among the gate voltage Vg, drain current Id, and threshold voltage of the transistor in which holes are injected into the insulating layer 22.
- the threshold voltage Vth_s when the diffusion layer adjacent to the hole injection region of the insulating layer 22 into which holes have been injected is used as the source of the two diffusion layers 26 and 28 is the two diffusion layers.
- the threshold voltage Vth_d is lower when the diffusion layer adjacent to the hole injection region is the drain, and the threshold voltages Vth_s and Vth_d are both lower than the threshold voltage Vth when holes are not injected into the insulating layer 22.
- the voltage Vdd is set to the value V1 while the word line voltage Vwl of the word line WL is set to the value Vwl1, and the bit line voltage Vbll is set to the value V4.
- the voltage difference between the BLR and the word line WL is set to a voltage difference V4 higher than the normal voltage difference V1 and the voltage difference between the word line WL and the bit line BLR greater than the normal voltage difference V1 (V1 + Vwl1).
- the write characteristic is improved by executing the process of step S110B. Can be achieved.
- the threshold voltage Vth_d when the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLL is used as the drain does not become much lower than the threshold voltage Vth before the electrons are injected, so that the data read characteristic is not significantly deteriorated.
- the writing characteristics can be improved.
- the data write characteristics of the memory cell 12 can be improved only by adjusting the power supply voltage application point Vdd, the voltage applied to the semiconductor substrate 20, the word line WL, and the bit lines BLL and BLR.
- the data write characteristics of the memory cell 12 can be improved by a simple method as compared with a method in which an impurity doping step is added.
- the voltage Vdd is the value V1
- the substrate voltage Vsub is 0 V
- the word line voltage Vwl is the value V1
- the bit line voltage Vbll is the value V1
- the bit line voltage for the memory cell 12 that has undergone the processing of steps S100 and S110B.
- a voltage is applied to the power supply voltage application point Vdd of the memory cell, the semiconductor substrate 20, the word line WL, and the bit lines BLL and BLR so that Vblr becomes 0V, thereby setting the output terminal OUTL of the memory cell 12 to the H level and the output terminal.
- OUTR is set to L level (step S120), and the process of step S130B, which is the same process as that of step S110B, is executed.
- holes can be injected into the insulating layer 22 in the vicinity of the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLR among the two diffusion layers serving as the source or drain of the pass gate transistor PGR.
- the threshold voltage when the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLR is used as the source can be made lower than the threshold voltage when the diffusion layer connected to the bit line BLR is used as the drain.
- the write characteristics of the memory cell 12 can be improved as compared with the case where no implantation is performed.
- the voltage difference between the power supply voltage application point Vdd and the bit lines BLL and BLR is set to the voltage difference V4 higher than the normal voltage difference V1, and the word
- the voltage difference between the line WL and the bit lines BLL and BLR is set to a voltage difference (V1 + Vwll) larger than the normal voltage difference V1
- the write characteristics of the memory cell 12 can be improved by a simpler method.
- step S110B by executing the process of step S100, it is possible to select which insulating layer of the pass gate transistors PGL and PGR to inject holes, and to operate more appropriately. The characteristics can be improved.
- the processing of steps S100 and S110B is executed to adjust the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGR, and then the steps S120 and S130B are executed to execute the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGL.
- the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGR may be adjusted by executing only the processing of steps S100 and S110B without executing the processing of steps S120 and S130B, or the processing of steps S100 and S110B. It is also possible to adjust only the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGL by executing only the processing of steps S120 and S130B without executing the above. Further, only the process of step S110B may be executed without executing the processes of steps S100, S120B, and S130. In this case, it is impossible to select which insulating layer of the pass gate transistors PGL and PGR is to inject holes, but it is possible to inject holes into one of the pass gate transistors PGL and PGR. Therefore, the operating characteristics can be improved.
- the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGR is adjusted by executing the processing of steps S100 to S130B.
- the voltage Power supply so that Vdd is 0V, substrate voltage Vsub is 0V, word line voltage Vwl is a value Vwll (for example, -0.5V, etc.), bit line voltage Vbll and bit line voltage Vblr are a value V4 (for example, 2.5V)
- Vdd is 0V
- substrate voltage Vsub is 0V
- word line voltage Vwl is a value Vwll (for example, -0.5V, etc.)
- bit line voltage Vbll and bit line voltage Vblr are a value V4 (for example, 2.5V)
- a process of applying a voltage to the voltage application point Vdd, the semiconductor substrate 20, the word line WL, and the bit lines BLL and BLR may be executed.
- FIG. 13 is a process diagram showing an example of a voltage characteristic adjustment process for adjusting the voltage characteristic of the SRAM 10 of the third embodiment. This step is performed with the ground voltage application point Vss of the memory cell 12 fixed to 0V.
- the memory voltage is set such that the substrate voltage Vsub, the word line voltage Vwl, and the bit line voltages Vbll and Vblr are all 0 V for the plurality of memory cells 12 connected to the selected one word line WL.
- the power supply voltage application point Vdd is set so that the voltage Vdd is changed from 0V to a value V2 (eg, 0.6V) lower than the value V1.
- V2 eg, 0.6V
- the value V2 is fixed at either the H level or the L level of the output terminals OUTL and OUTR due to variations in threshold voltages of the transistors PL, PR, NL, and NR when the voltage Vdd is gradually increased from 0V.
- the voltage to be used a voltage obtained in advance by experiment or analysis is used. By such processing, the transistor having the lower threshold voltage among the transistors PL, PR, NL, and NR is turned on first, and the voltage of the output terminals OUTL and OUTR is determined depending on which transistor is turned on first.
- the transistors PR and NL are turned on first, the output terminal OUTL of the memory cell 12 is at H level, and the output terminal OUTR is at L level.
- the output terminal OUTL of the memory cell 12 is at the H level and the output terminal OUTR is at the L level after the process of step S100B is executed.
- the word line voltage Vwl and the substrate voltage Vsub are set to 0 V
- the voltage Vdd at the power supply voltage application point Vdd is set to the value V2
- the bit lines BLL and BLR are precharged so that the bit line voltages Vbll and Vblr become the value V2.
- the bit lines BLL and BLR are brought into an electrically floating state, and thereafter, a voltage is applied to the word line WL so that the word line voltage Vwl becomes the value V1, and data is read (step S105C).
- step S105C Similar to the processing in step S110 of the illustrated voltage characteristic adjustment step, for a plurality of memory cells 12 connected to one word line WL, the voltage Vdd is a value V1h, and the substrate voltage Vsub is a value Vsub1, which is lower than 0V.
- the memory cell is set so that the line voltage Vwl is the value V1, the bit line voltage Vbll and the bit line voltage Vblr are 0V.
- Supply voltage applying point Vdd and the semiconductor substrate 20 of the 12, the word line WL, the bit line BLL, a voltage is applied to the BLR (step S110).
- the reason for executing the process of step S105C is as follows.
- the output terminal OUTL is likely to be L level and the output terminal OUTR is likely to be H level when reading data. Therefore, by executing the read operation in step S105C, the voltage of the output terminal connected to the pass gate transistor PGR having the low threshold voltage among the output terminals OUTL and OUTR is set to the H level as much as possible.
- step S110 electrons are injected into the pass gate transistors PGL and PGR connected to the output terminal that is at the H level among the output terminals OUTL and OUTR.
- the threshold voltage at the time of reading the data of the gate transistor can be increased. Thereby, the read characteristics in the memory cell 12 can be improved.
- the semiconductor substrate 20 and the word line WL of the memory cell 12 so that the substrate voltage Vsub, the word line voltage Vwl, and the bit line voltages Vbll and Vblr are all 0V.
- a voltage is applied to the power supply voltage application point Vdd so that the voltage Vdd is changed from 0 V to a value V2 lower than the value V1, and then the word line voltage Vwl becomes the value V1.
- Data is read by applying a voltage to the word line WL, and thereafter, the voltage Vdd is the value V1h, the substrate voltage Vsub is lower than 0V, the value Vsub1, the word line voltage Vwl is the value V1, and the bit line voltage Vbll.
- the power supply voltage application point Vdd of the memory cell of the SRAM 10 and the semiconductor substrate 20 so that the bit line voltage Vblr becomes 0V.
- the process of step S105C and the process of step S110 are executed once, but the process of step S105C and the process of step S110 are performed a plurality of times. It may be executed.
- the process of step S105C is executed, the voltage of the output terminal output to the pass gate transistor whose threshold voltage should be increased when executing the data read operation of the pass gate transistors PGL and PGR becomes H level.
- the threshold voltage of one of the pass gate transistors is excessively increased. Can be suppressed.
- the same process as the process of step S110 of the voltage characteristic adjustment process illustrated in FIG. 2 is executed after the process of step S105C, but instead of the process of step S110.
- the same process as step S110B of the voltage characteristic adjustment process illustrated in FIG. 10 may be executed. In this way, the write characteristics of the SRAM 10 can be improved.
- the above-described voltage adjustment process is performed collectively on the memory cells 12 connected to the selected word line WL of the SRAM 10.
- the memory cell 12 may be performed collectively, or the SRAM 10 may be divided into several blocks and performed for each block, or the voltage characteristic adjustment described above may be performed for only a part of all the memory cells 12. It is good also as what performs a process.
- the voltage characteristic adjusting process of the present invention is applied to a circuit composed of the transistors PL, PR, NL, and NR having the structure illustrated in FIGS.
- PR may be formed on an n-type semiconductor substrate
- transistors NL and NR may be applied to an n-type semiconductor substrate in which the conductivity type is formed in a p-type well.
- the memory cell 12 of the SRAM 10 has the inverter INVL composed of the transistors PL and NL and the inverter INVR composed of the transistors PR and NR.
- the configuration of the inverters INVL and INVR As long as it can be output from the output terminal by inverting the logic of the voltage input from the input terminal, for example, a resistance element having a relatively high resistance value is used instead of the transistors PL and PR. It is good.
- the voltage characteristic adjusting method of the present invention is applied to the SRAM 10.
- a plurality of word lines WL and bit lines BLL and BLR in addition to a plurality of word lines WL and bit lines BLL and BLR, a plurality of A plurality of memory cells 212 connected to the read word line RWL and the read bit line RBL, a row decoder 214 that selects the word line WL or the read word line RWL when a row address signal is supplied, and a column address A column decoder 216 that selects one set of bit lines BLL and BLR or one read bit line RBL corresponding to the applied column address signal when the signal is applied, and a read bit line RBL from the memory cell 212
- a plurality of sense amplifiers 218 that amplify the signal output to the selected bit lines BLL and BLR,
- a column selection circuit 219 Doo line RBL and data to connect the data lines (not shown) are input and output, or as applied to SRAM210 comprising.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing an outline of a configuration of a memory cell 212 of a modification.
- the memory cell 212 has the same configuration as that of the memory cell 12, an n-channel MOS transistor RN (hereinafter referred to as a transistor RN) whose gate is connected to the input terminal INR, and whose source is connected to the ground voltage application point Vss. And an n-channel MOS transistor RPG (hereinafter referred to as a read pass gate transistor RPG) having a source connected to the read bit line RBL and a drain connected to the drain of the transistor RN.
- a transistor RN n-channel MOS transistor RN
- RPG n-channel MOS transistor RPG
- the data write operation is performed in the same manner as the SRAM 10 described above with all the read word lines RWL being in a non-selected state (voltage is 0 V) and the read pass gate transistor RPG is turned off. It is.
- all the word lines WL are deselected, and the memory cells 212 connected to the read word line RWL and the read bit line RBL selected by the row decoder 14 and the column decoder 16 are used. Is performed by reading out the voltage of the read bit line RBL corresponding to the voltage of the output terminal OUTL as data.
- all the word lines WL, the read word line RWL, the bit lines BLL and BLR, and the read bit line RBL are deselected, and the pass gate transistors PGL and PGR and the read pass gate transistor RPG. Is turned off and the voltages at the output terminals OUTL and OUTR of the memory cell 12 are held as data.
- the operation characteristics of the memory cell 212 can be improved by performing the voltage characteristic adjustment process illustrated in FIGS. 5, 10, and 13 with all the read bit lines RBL in a non-selected state. it can.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of the configuration of the charge pump 100 as an embodiment of the present invention.
- the charge pump 100 includes a multistage transistor circuit 110 configured by connecting three input terminals IN1 to IN3, an output terminal OUT, and n transistors Tr1 to Trn in series, and among the transistors Tr of the multistage transistor circuit 110, A capacitor circuit 130 having (n ⁇ 1) capacitors C1 to Cn ⁇ 1 connected to the transistors Tr2 to Trn excluding the starting transistor Tr1 and n transistors connected to the transistors Tr1 to Trn of the multistage transistor circuit 110 A control voltage supply circuit 140 that supplies a voltage to each of the switches SW1 to SWn, and the n control terminals Tv1 to Tvn connected to the switches SW1 to Swn, and voltage or voltage to each of the three input terminals IN1 to IN3 individually.
- a control circuit 150 for performing a control of the voltage supplied to the control terminals Tv1 ⁇ Tvn from the control and
- the transistors Tr1 to Trn of the multistage transistor circuit 110 each have a connection terminal Tc in which one of the source and the drain is connected to the gate, and the other of the source and the drain is connected to the connection terminal Tc of the adjacent transistor. Accordingly, the connection terminal Tc of the starting transistor Tr1 is connected to the input terminal IN1, and the source of the terminal transistor Trn is connected to the output terminal OUT.
- the transistors Tr1 to Trn are configured as well-known n-channel MOS transistors, and are formed of a semiconductor substrate such as silicon (Si) whose conductivity type is adjusted to be p-type.
- the n-type diffusion layers 126 and 128 are formed on the semiconductor substrate 120 so as to sandwich a region below the insulating layer 122 and function as a source or drain.
- Capacitors C1 to Cn-1 of the capacitor circuit 130 are connected between the connection terminal Tc of the transistors Tr2 to Trn excluding the transistor Tr1 at the start of the transistors Tr1 to Trn and the input terminal IN2 or the input terminal IN3.
- the capacitor adjacent to the capacitor connected to the terminal IN2 is alternately connected to one of the input terminals IN2 and IN3 so as to be connected to the input terminal IN3.
- the switches SW1 to SWn are connected to the control terminals Tv1 to Tvn and the transistors Tr1 to Trn so as to turn on and off the voltage supply from the control terminals Tv1 to Tvn to the connection terminals Tc and the gates of the transistors Tr1 to Trn of the multistage transistor circuit 110. It is connected between each connection terminal Tc and the gate.
- the charge pump 100 configured as described above, in a normal operation, all of the switches SW1 to SWn are turned off and a power supply voltage Vdd (for example, 3 V) is supplied from the control circuit 150 to the input terminal IN1.
- Vdd for example, 3 V
- the clock signal CLK is input to the input terminal IN2 and the inverted clock signal CLKB obtained by inverting the logic of the voltage of the clock signal CLK is input to the input terminal IN3
- the power supply voltage Vdd from the input terminal IN is determined in advance.
- the voltage is boosted to a predetermined voltage (for example, 20 V) and output from the output terminal OUT.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a state in which the voltage characteristic of the charge pump 100 is being adjusted.
- the control circuit 150 sequentially turns on two adjacent switches among the n switches SW1 to SWn with the input terminals IN1 to IN2 being set to 0 V from the control circuit 150.
- the switches SW1 to SWn are controlled (for example, the switch SW1 and the switch SW2, the switch SW2 and the switch SW3, the switch SW3 and the switch SW4, etc.), and the multistage of the control terminals connected to the two switches that are turned on
- the voltage V5 is applied to the control terminal on the transistor Tr1 side at the beginning of the transistor circuit 110 (for example, the control terminal Tv2 when the switch SW2 and the switch SW3 are on), and the transistor at the end of the multistage transistor circuit 110
- a control terminal on the Trn side for example, a scan terminal
- VH controls the control voltage supply circuit 140 to 2.0 V
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the state of the transistor Tr2 in FIG.
- the voltage applied to the drain is higher than the voltage applied to the gate, so that a high electric field is applied to the drain end under the gate in a state where the transistor is off.
- a hole is injected into a position near the drain end of the insulating layer 122 by a GIDL (Gate Induced Drain Leakage) current generated near the drain.
- FIG. 20 shows the relationship between the gate voltage Vg, the drain current Id flowing from the drain to the source, and the threshold voltage of the transistor in which holes are injected into the insulating layer 122 in this way.
- the threshold voltage Vth_s in the case where the diffusion layer adjacent to the hole injection region of the insulating layer 122 into which holes are injected is used as the source of the two diffusion layers 126 and 128 has two diffusion layers. 126 and 128, the threshold voltage Vth_d is lower than when the diffusion layer adjacent to the hole injection region is used as the drain, and the threshold voltages Vth_s and Vth_s are both lower than the threshold voltage when holes are not injected into the insulating layer 122. .
- FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 are explanatory diagrams for explaining a state when the boosting operation is performed by the transistor Tr2 in which holes are thus injected.
- the clock signal CLK rises, a current flows in a direction from the transistor Tr2 to the transistor Tr3 to charge the capacitor C2.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor Tr2 becomes lower and flows to the transistor Tr2 than when holes are not injected into the transistor Tr2.
- the current increases, charging of the capacitor C2 is promoted, and the voltage at the connection terminal Tc of the transistor Tr3 is further increased. That is, the voltage of the connection terminal Tc of the transistor Tr3 can be boosted more greatly at one rise of the clock signal CLK.
- the clock signal CLK falls, as illustrated in FIG. 22, the voltage at the connection terminal Tc of the transistor Tr2 decreases and the diffusion layer connected to the connection terminal Tc of the transistor Tr2 serves as a source.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor Tr2 is higher than that when the transistor Tr2 is rising, and the current flowing through the transistor Tr2 is reduced.
- the discharge of the capacitor C2 is suppressed, and the voltage drop at the connection terminal Tc of the transistor Tr3 is suppressed.
- a voltage drop at the connection terminal Tc of the transistor Tr3 after the boosting due to one falling of the clock signal CLK is suppressed. That is, the boosting efficiency of the charge pump 100, that is, the operating characteristics can be improved.
- the switches SW1 to SWn are controlled so that two adjacent switches among the n switches SW1 to SWn are sequentially turned on while the input terminals IN1 to IN2 are set to 0 V, and the two switches that are turned on are controlled.
- the voltage V5 is applied to the control terminal on the transistor Tr1 side at the start of the multistage transistor circuit 110, and the power supply voltage is applied to the control terminal on the transistor Trn side at the end of the multistage transistor circuit 110.
- the switches SW1 to SWn are turned on so that two adjacent switches among the n switches SW1 to SWn are turned on with the input terminals IN1 to IN2 being set to 0V.
- the voltage V5 is applied to the control terminal on the transistor Tr1 side at the start of the multistage transistor circuit 110, and the end of the multistage transistor circuit 110 is applied.
- the control voltage supply circuit 140 By controlling the control voltage supply circuit 140 so that a predetermined high voltage VH higher than the power supply voltage Vdd is applied to the control terminal on the transistor Trn side of the transistor Trn, the voltage characteristics of the charge pump 100 can be improved. The operating characteristics of the pump 100 can be improved.
- the switch SW1 when adjusting the voltage characteristics of the charge pump, the switch SW1 is set so that two adjacent switches among the n switches SW1 to SWn are turned on with the input terminals IN1 to IN2 being set to 0V.
- the voltage V5 is applied to the control terminal on the transistor Tr1 side at the start of the multistage transistor circuit 110 among the control terminals connected to the two switches that are turned on and control SWn, and the multistage transistor circuit
- the control voltage supply circuit 140 is controlled so that a predetermined high voltage VH higher than the power supply voltage Vdd is applied to the control terminal on the transistor Trn side at the end of 110, but connected to the two switches that are turned on.
- the control voltage supply circuit 140 may be controlled such that a predetermined high voltage VH higher than the power supply voltage Vdd is applied and a voltage V5 is applied to the control terminal on the transistor Trn side at the end of the multistage transistor circuit 110.
- FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the state of the transistor Tr2 when the predetermined high voltage VH is supplied to the control terminal Tv2 and the voltage V5 is supplied to the control terminal Tv3 in FIG.
- the drain voltage Vd obtained by subtracting the voltage applied to the source from the voltage applied to the drain is high, so that impact ionization (Impact Ionization) occurs in the vicinity of the drain of the semiconductor substrate 20.
- impact ionization Impact Ionization
- FIG. 24 shows the relationship between the gate voltage Vg of the transistor in which hot electrons are injected into the insulating layer 122, the drain current Id flowing from the drain to the source, and the threshold voltage.
- the threshold voltage Vth_s when the diffusion layer adjacent to the electron injection region of the insulating layer 122 into which hot electrons have been injected is used as the source of the two diffusion layers 26 and 28 has two diffusion layers. 26 and 28, the threshold voltage Vth_d is higher than that when the diffusion layer adjacent to the electron injection region is used as the drain, and the threshold voltages Vth_s and Vth_d are both higher than the threshold voltage when hot electrons are not injected into the insulating layer 122.
- FIG. 25 and FIG. 26 are explanatory diagrams for explaining a state when the boosting operation is performed by the transistor Tr2 into which electrons are injected in this way.
- the diffusion layer connected to the connection terminal Tc of the transistor Tr3 among the diffusion layers of the transistor Tr2 serves as the source, so that the threshold voltage of the transistor Tr2 is the transistor Tr2.
- the voltage at the connection terminal Tc of the transistor Tr2 drops and is connected to the connection terminal Tc of the transistor Tr2, as illustrated in FIG. Since the diffusion layer is a source, the threshold voltage of the transistor Tr2 becomes higher than when the clock signal CLK rises. Thereby, the boosting efficiency of the charge pump 100 can be improved, that is, the operating characteristics can be improved.
- the transistors Tr1 to Trn of the multistage transistor circuit 110 and the control terminals Tv1 to Tvn are connected via the switches SW1 to Swn.
- the transistors Tr1 to Trn of the multistage transistor circuit 110 are connected. Any element that can be turned on and off may be connected between Trn and control terminals Tv1 to Tvn. For example, a transistor that turns on and off according to the voltage input to the gate may be used. .
- the charge pump 100 is composed of a transistor formed on the p-type semiconductor substrate 120.
- the charge pump 100 is formed on the n-type semiconductor substrate. It may be configured by a transistor that has been formed.
- the configuration of the SRAM 410 whose voltage characteristics are to be adjusted is that the column switch 420 is provided between the bit lines BLL and BLR and the sense amplifier 18 or the power supply voltage application point Vdd of the memory cell 12 is supplied.
- a voltage different from the voltage to be applied can be applied to the power supply voltage of the peripheral circuit (row decoder 14, column decoder 16, sense amplifier 18, column selection circuit 19), and the voltages of the bit lines BLL and BLR are precharged to the power supply voltage of the peripheral circuit.
- the configuration is the same as that of the SRAM 10 of the first embodiment except that a precharge circuit 422 is provided. Therefore, in the configuration of the SRAM 410, the same configuration as the SRAM 10 of the first embodiment is denoted by the same reference numeral as the SRAM 10, and the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of the configuration of the SRAM 410 on which a plurality of memory cells 12 whose voltage characteristics are adjusted by the voltage characteristic adjusting method according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. It is explanatory drawing explaining the outline of a structure of a part.
- the SRAM 410 is connected to n word lines WL1 to WLn and m bit lines BLL and BLR, and (n ⁇ m) memory cells 12 arranged in a matrix of n rows and m columns and bit lines BLL.
- a voltage Vddl (for example, 1.0 V) different from the voltage supplied to the voltage application point Vdd can be applied.
- the column switch 420 is configured as a well-known CMOS switch that is turned on / off by column signals COL, COLB (the column signal COL and the column signal COLB are opposite in phase to each other). , BLR and the sense amplifier 18 are electrically connected, and when the column signal COL is at the L level, it is turned off to release the electrical connection between the bit lines BLL and BLR and the sense amplifier 18.
- the bit lines BLL and BLR of the SRAM 410 are provided with a precharge circuit 422 that precharges the voltages of the bit lines BLL and BLR to the voltage Vddl of the peripheral circuit.
- the precharge circuit 422 includes two p-channel MOS transistors whose gates are supplied with a precharge signal PRCHG and whose drains are supplied with the power supply voltage Vddl of the peripheral circuit and whose drains are connected to the bit lines BL and BLB, respectively. And a p-channel MOS transistor whose drain and source are connected to the bit lines BL and BLB, and when the precharge signal PRCHG is at L level (0 V), three p-channel MOS transistors are provided. Turns on and precharges the bit lines BL and BLB to the power supply voltage Vddl of the peripheral circuit. When the precharge signal PRCHG is at the H level (value V1), the three p-channel MOS transistors are turned off.
- bit line voltages Vbll the voltages of the bit lines BLL and BLR (hereinafter referred to as bit line voltages Vbll.
- Vblr When Vblr is set to a voltage corresponding to the data to be written, one of the n word lines WL1 to WLn is selected by the row decoder 14 based on the row address signal, and the selected word The voltage of the line WL (hereinafter referred to as the word line voltage Vwl) becomes the value V1.
- the column decoder 16 selects a set of bit lines BLL and BLR based on the column address signal and inputs the column signal COL so that the column switch 420 of the selected bit line is turned on.
- the voltages of the output terminals OUTL and OUTR of the memory cell 12 connected to the selected word line WL and bit lines BLL and BLR become voltages corresponding to the bit lines BLL and BLR, so that the memory cell 12 Data can be written.
- the data read operation from the SRAM 410 is a precharge circuit 422 connected to the bit lines BLL and BLR selected by the column decoder 16 when a signal necessary for the operation such as a row address signal and a column address signal is given.
- a precharge signal PRCHG (0V) is input to turn on the precharge circuit 422, and a column signal is input so that the column switch 420 connected to the selected bit lines BLl and BLR is turned on. , BLR are once precharged to the voltage Vddl.
- the precharge signal PRCHG (value V1) is input to the precharge circuit 422 to turn off the precharge circuit 422, and the voltage Vdd is applied to the word line WL selected by the decoder 14 among the n word lines WL1 to WLn. Is applied to the selected memory cell 12 connected to the selected word line WL1 and bit lines BLL and BLR, and the voltage difference between the bit lines BLL and BLR generated corresponding to the voltage difference between the output terminals OUTL and OUTR is used as data. Data can be read through the sense amplifier 18.
- FIG. 29 is a process diagram showing an example of a voltage characteristic adjustment process for adjusting the voltage characteristic of the SRAM 210. This step is performed with the ground voltage application point Vss of the memory cell 12 fixed at 0V and the substrate voltage Vsub fixed at 0V.
- a value V1 is applied to the voltage Vdd, a value V1 is applied to each bit line BLL, and 0 V is applied to each bit line BLB, and a data write operation is performed on all the memory cells 12 of the SRAM 410 (step S200).
- the output terminal OUTL can be set to H level and the output terminal OUTR can be set to L level for all the memory cells 12.
- a value V5 (for example, 0.5 V) smaller than the value V1 is applied to the voltage Vdd, and a data read operation is performed on all the memory cells 12 (step S210).
- the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGR of the memory cell 12 is lower than the other transistors (transistors PL, NL, PR, LR, pass gate transistor PGL) of the same memory cell 12, and the current balance between the transistors is not good.
- the voltage of the output terminal OUTR becomes higher than that of the output terminal OUTL, and the data is inverted.
- the value V5 is a memory cell in which the current balance between the transistors is not good, and a value obtained by experiment or analysis as the voltage at which the voltages at the output terminals OUTL and OUTR are inverted is used.
- step S220 shows an example of the bias condition during the process of step S220 and the current flowing through the SRAM 410.
- the memory cell 12n-1 is a cell in which the current balance between the transistors is not good because the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGR is low, and the data is inverted after executing the process of step S210.
- the other memory cells except 12n-1 (for example, the memory cell 12n) are assumed to be cells in which data is not inverted even when the process of step S210 is executed. That is, the voltage of the output terminal OUTL of the memory cell 12n-1 is lower than the output terminal OUTR, and the voltage of the output terminal OUTL of the memory cell 12n is higher than the voltage of the output terminal OUR.
- the output terminal OUTR of the memory cell 12n-1 has a voltage slightly lower than the voltage applied to the voltage Vdd (eg, 2.73 V), but the memory cell 12n- In the other memory cells except 1, the voltage of the output terminal OUTR is 0V, so the voltage of the bit line BLR is a voltage in the vicinity of 0V.
- a voltage having a value V1 eg, 1.0 V
- a voltage eg, 2.. 73V
- 0V is applied to the source
- 0V is applied to the substrate voltage Vsub.
- Such a voltage condition is the same as the voltage condition illustrated in FIG.
- the voltage applied to the word lines WL1 to WLn at this time may be a voltage that can sufficiently inject hot electrons into the insulating layer 22, and may be higher than the voltage V1 and lower than the value V6.
- step S220 the output terminal OUTL of the memory cell 12n-1 is 0V, but in other memory cells except the memory cell 12n-1, the voltage of the output terminal OUTL is applied to the voltage Vdd. Since the voltage is slightly smaller than the applied voltage (eg, 2.73 V), the voltage of the bit line BLL is equal to the threshold voltage of the p-channel MOS transistor of the precharge circuit 422 than the voltage applied to the word lines WL1 to WLn.
- step S220 the voltage Vdd is applied to the voltage Vdd, the voltage V0 is applied to each bit line BLL, and the voltage V1 is applied to each bit line BLB to write data to all the memory cells 12 in the SRAM 410.
- step S230 the output terminal OUTL can be set to L level and the output terminal OUTR can be set to HL level for all the memory cells 12.
- steps S240 and S250 which are the same processes as steps S210 and S220, are sequentially executed, and this process ends.
- the processing of step S250 is performed.
- the hot electrons can be injected in the process to increase the threshold voltage as compared to before injection, and the voltage characteristics of the SRAM 410 can be adjusted.
- hot electrons can be injected into the pass gate transistors PGL of a plurality of memory cells having a low threshold voltage only by executing the process of step S250 once. Therefore, the voltage characteristic of the SRAM 410 can be adjusted by a simpler method.
- the value V1 is applied to the voltage Vdd
- the value V1 is applied to the bit line BLL
- 0 V is applied to the bit line BLR
- the data write operation is performed on all the memory cells 12 of the SRAM 410.
- the value V5 smaller than the value V1 is applied to the voltage Vdd
- the data read operation is sequentially performed on all the memory cells 12.
- the voltage Vdd is greater than the value V1.
- the precharge signal PRCHG value V1 is input to the precharge circuit 422 to turn off the precharge circuit 422 and the column signal COL (0 V) is input to the column switch 420 to all the column switches.
- the voltage Vwl of all the word lines WL1 to WLn is set to the voltage V1 for a predetermined time tref. It is applied to.
- hot electrons can be collectively injected into a plurality of pass gate transistors PGR having a low threshold voltage to raise the threshold voltage, and the voltage characteristics of the SRAM 410 can be adjusted by a simpler method.
- the voltage Vdd is applied to the value V1
- the bit line BLL is applied with the voltage V1 to the bit line BLR, and the data write operation is executed for all the memory cells 12 of the SRAM 410.
- the voltage Vdd is set to a value V6 larger than the value V1
- the precharge circuit 422 is turned off and the column switch 420 is turned off to apply a voltage having a tref value V1 for a predetermined time to the voltages Vwl of all the word lines WL1 to WLn.
- hot electrons can be injected into a plurality of pass gate transistors PGL having low threshold voltages to raise the threshold voltage, and the voltage characteristics of the SRAM 410 can be adjusted by a simpler method. .
- the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGR is adjusted by the processing of steps S200 to S220, and the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGL is adjusted in steps S230 to S250. Only one of the threshold voltages of the pass gate transistors PGL and PGR may be adjusted. In this case, when adjusting the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGR, steps S200 to S220 are executed without executing steps S230 to S250, and when adjusting the threshold voltage of the pass gate transistor PGL, step S200 is executed. Steps S230 to S250 may be executed without executing step S220.
- steps S200 to S250 are executed for all the memory cells 12, but may be executed for some of the memory cells 12.
- steps S220 and S250 a current generated when hot electrons are injected into the pass gate transistor having a low threshold voltage is supplied to the ground voltage application point Vss through the bit lines BLL and BLR and the other pass gate transistors. Since it is necessary, the processes of steps S200 to S250 may be executed for at least two or more memory cells 12 connected to the same bit lines BLL and BLB.
- the SRAM 410 whose voltage is to be adjusted is provided with the precharge circuit 422.
- the precharge circuit 422 is precharged to a voltage (for example, the voltage Vdd) higher than the power supply voltage Vddl of the peripheral circuit. It may be clamped to a voltage lower than the power supply voltage Vddl of the peripheral circuit (for example, voltage (Vddl / 2)), or the precharge circuit 422 may not be provided.
- the voltage characteristic adjustment process of the present invention is applied to a circuit composed of the transistors PL, PR, NL, and NR having the structure illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG.
- the present invention may be applied to a semiconductor device in which the conductivity type is formed on an n-type semiconductor substrate and the transistors NL and NR are formed on an n-type semiconductor substrate and the conductivity type is formed in a p-type well.
- the memory cell 12 of the SRAM 410 has the inverter INVL composed of the transistors PL and NL and the inverter INVR composed of the transistors PR and NR.
- the configuration of the inverters INVL and INVR is input. Any device may be used as long as the logic of the voltage input from the terminal is inverted and output from the output terminal. For example, a resistance element having a relatively high resistance value may be used instead of the transistors PL and PR. .
- the present invention can be used in the semiconductor memory device manufacturing industry, the charge pump manufacturing industry, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
第1入力端子と第1出力端子とを有する第1インバータと、前記第1出力端子に接続された第2入力端子と前記第1入力端子に接続された第2出力端子とを有する第2インバータと、所定の絶縁性を有する第1ゲート絶縁層を有しゲートがワード線に接続されると共にソースまたはドレインの一方が前記第1インバータの第1出力端子に接続されソースまたはドレインの他方が二つのビット線の一方に接続された第1パスゲートトランジスタと、所定の絶縁性能を有する第2ゲート絶縁層を有しゲートが前記ワード線に接続されると共にソースまたはドレインの一方が前記第2インバータの出力端子に接続されソースまたはドレインの他方が前記二つのビット線の他方に接続された第2パスゲートトランジスタと、を備え半導体基板に形成されてなる半導体記憶素子の電圧特性を調整する電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に電源電圧を印加する電源電圧印加点と前記二つのビット線との間の電圧差が前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際の前記電源電圧印加点と前記二つのビット線との間の電圧差より大きい所定の電圧差になるよう前記電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記二つのビット線に印加する電圧を調整する電圧調整ステップ
を備えることを特徴とする。
電圧調整ステップを実行することができ、より適正に半導体記憶素子の動作特性の向上を図ることができる。
第1の入力端子と、第2の入力端子と、第3の入力端子と、出力端子と、接続端子を有しゲートが所定の絶縁性能を有する絶縁層上に形成されると共にソースおよびドレインのうちの一方とゲートとが前記接続端子に接続されてなるトランジスタのソースを隣接するトランジスタの前記接続端子と接続することによりトランジスタがn個(nは、値2以上の整数)に亘って直列に接続されてなり前記n個のトランジスタのうち始端のトランジスタの接続端子が前記第1の入力端子と接続されると共に前記n個のトランジスタのうち終端のトランジスタのソースが前記出力端子と接続された多段トランジスタ回路と、前記多段トランジスタ回路のn個のトランジスタのうち前記始端のトランジスタを除く(n-1)個のトランジスタの接続端子に一端が接続された(n-1)個のキャパシタを有し隣り合うキャパシタの前記一端と異なる他端が交互に前記第2の入力端子または前記第3の入力端子に接続されてなるキャパシタ回路と、前記第1の入力端子および前記第2の入力端子および前記第3の入力端子に電圧またはクロック信号を供給可能な入力信号供給回路と、通常動作する際に前記第1の入力端子に電源電圧が供給された状態で前記第2の入力端子にクロック信号が入力されると共に前記第3の入力端子に前記クロック信号を反転させた反転クロック信号が入力されるよう前記入力信号供給回路を制御する制御回路と、を備えるチャージポンプにおいて、
n個の制御用端子を有し、該制御用端子のそれぞれに電圧を供給する制御用電圧供給回路と、
前記n個の制御用端子から前記多段トランジスタ回路のn個のトランジスタの接続端子およびゲートへの電圧の供給をオンオフするn個のスイッチング素子と、
を備え、
前記制御回路は、前記第1の入力端子および前記第2の入力端子および前記第3の入力端子に所定の低電圧の電圧が入力されると共に前記n個のスイッチング素子のうち隣り合う二つのスイッチング素子をオンし残余のスイッチング素子をオフした状態で、前記オンしている二つのスイッチング素子に接続された制御用端子のうち一方の制御用端子に前記所定の低電圧以下の電圧が印加されると共に前記オンしている二つのスイッチング素子に接続された制御用端子のうち他方の制御用端子に前記所定の低電圧より高い所定の高電圧が印加されるよう前記入力信号供給回路と前記制御用電圧供給回路と前記n個のスイッチング素子とを制御する回路である
ことを要旨とする。
第1の入力端子と、第2の入力端子と、第3の入力端子と、出力端子と、接続端子を有しゲートが所定の絶縁性能を有する絶縁層上に形成されると共にソースおよびドレインのうちの一方とゲートとが前記接続端子に接続されてなるトランジスタのソースを隣接するトランジスタの前記接続端子と接続することによりトランジスタがn個(nは、値2以上の整数)に亘って直列に接続されてなり前記n個のトランジスタのうち始端のトランジスタの接続端子が前記第1の入力端子と接続されると共に前記n個のトランジスタのうち終端のトランジスタのソースが前記出力端子と接続された多段トランジスタ回路と、前記多段トランジスタ回路のn個のトランジスタのうち前記始端のトランジスタを除く(n-1)個のトランジスタの接続端子に一端が接続された(n-1)個のキャパシタを有し隣り合うキャパシタの前記一端と異なる他端が交互に前記第2の入力端子または前記第3の入力端子に接続されてなるキャパシタ回路と、前記第1の入力端子および前記第2の入力端子および前記第3の入力端子に電圧またはクロック信号を供給可能な入力信号供給回路と、n個の制御用端子を有し該制御用端子のそれぞれに電圧を供給する制御用電圧供給回路と、前記n個の制御用端子から前記多段トランジスタ回路のn個のトランジスタの接続端子およびゲートへの電圧の供給をオンオフするn個のスイッチング素子と、を備え、通常動作する際に前記n個のスイッチング素子がオフされると共に前記第1の入力端子に電源電圧が供給された状態で前記第2の入力端子にクロック信号が入力されると共に前記第3の入力端子に前記クロック信号を反転させた反転クロック信号が入力されるよう前記入力信号供給回路と前記n個のスイッチング素子とを制御するチャージポンプの電圧特性を調整する電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記第1の入力端子および前記第2の入力端子および前記第3の入力端子に所定の低電圧の電圧が入力されると共に前記n個のスイッチング素子のうち隣り合う二つのスイッチング素子をオンし残余のスイッチング素子をオフした状態で、前記オンしている二つのスイッチング素子に接続された制御用端子のうち一方の制御用端子に前記所定の低電圧以下の電圧が印加されると共に前記オンしている二つのスイッチング素子に接続された制御用端子のうち他方の制御用端子に前記所定の低電圧より高い所定の高電圧が印加されるよう前記入力信号供給回路と前記制御用電圧供給回路と前記n個のスイッチング素子とを制御する、
ことを特徴する。
第1入力端子と第1出力端子とを有する第1インバータと前記第1出力端子に接続された第2入力端子と前記第1入力端子に接続された第2出力端子とを有する第2インバータと所定の絶縁性を有する第1ゲート絶縁層を有しソースまたはドレインの一方が前記第1インバータの第1出力端子に接続された第1パスゲートトランジスタと所定の絶縁性を有する第2ゲート絶縁層を有しソースまたはドレインの一方が前記第2インバータの出力端子に接続された第2パスゲートトランジスタとを有するn個(nは、2以上の整数)の半導体記憶素子と、前記n個の半導体記憶素子の前記第1パスゲートトランジスタのゲートおよび前記第2パスゲートトランジスタのゲートに接続されたn個のワード線と、前記第1パスゲートトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの他方に接続された第1ビット線と、前記第2パスゲートトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの他方に接続された第2ビット線と、を備える半導体記憶装置の電圧特性を調整する電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に電源電圧を印加する電源電圧印加点と前記半導体記憶素子の第1パスゲートトランジスタおよび前記第2パスゲートトランジスタに接続されているワード線と前記第1ビット線と前記第2ビット線との間のそれぞれの電圧差が、前記半導体記憶素子に通常データを書き込む際の前記電源電圧印加点と前記ワード線と前記二つのビット線との間の電圧差になるよう前記半導体素子の電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記第1ビット線に印加する電圧と前記第2ビット線に印加する電圧と前記ワード線に印加する電圧とを調整する書き込み動作を前記n個の半導体記憶素子のうち少なくとも二つの半導体記憶素子に対して実行する第1ステップと、
前記第1ステップが実行された後に、前記電源電圧印加点に前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に前記電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧である通常電源電圧より低い電圧が印加された状態で、前記ワード線に前記半導体記憶素子の第1パスゲートトランジスタおよび前記第2パスゲートトランジスタをオンする電圧である通常オン電圧が印加されるよう前記半導体素子の電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記ワード線に印加する電圧とを調整する低電源電圧読み出し動作を前記少なくとも二つの半導体記憶素子に対して実行する第2ステップと、
前記第2ステップが実行された後に、前記少なくとも二つの半導体記憶素子の電源電圧印加点に前記通常電源電圧より高い電圧が印加された状態で、前記少なくとも二つの半導体記憶素子の第1パスゲートトランジスタおよび第2パスゲートトランジスタに接続されているワード線に前記通常オン電圧以上前記通常電源電圧未満の電圧が印加されるよう前記少なくとも二つの半導体素子の電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記少なくとも二つの半導体素子に接続されているワード線に印加する電圧とを調整する第3ステップと、
を備えることを要旨とする。
Claims (17)
- 第1入力端子と第1出力端子とを有する第1インバータと、前記第1出力端子に接続された第2入力端子と前記第1入力端子に接続された第2出力端子とを有する第2インバータと、所定の絶縁性を有する第1ゲート絶縁層を有しゲートがワード線に接続されると共にソースまたはドレインの一方が前記第1インバータの第1出力端子に接続されソースまたはドレインの他方が二つのビット線の一方に接続された第1パスゲートトランジスタと、所定の絶縁性能を有する第2ゲート絶縁層を有しゲートが前記ワード線に接続されると共にソースまたはドレインの一方が前記第2インバータの出力端子に接続されソースまたはドレインの他方が前記二つのビット線の他方に接続された第2パスゲートトランジスタと、を備え半導体基板に形成されてなる半導体記憶素子の電圧特性を調整する電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に電源電圧を印加する電源電圧印加点と前記二つのビット線との間の電圧差が前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際の前記電源電圧印加点と前記二つのビット線との間の電圧差より大きい所定の電圧差になるよう前記電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記二つのビット線に印加する電圧を調整する電圧調整ステップ
を備えることを特徴とする半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法。 - 請求項1記載の半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記電圧調整ステップを実行する前に実行され、前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に前記ビット線に印加する電圧としての第1ビット電圧および該第1ビット電圧より低い第2ビット電圧のうち前記第1ビット電圧を前記二つのビット線のうちの一方に印加すると共に前記第2ビット電圧を前記二つのビット線のうちの他方に印加した状態で、前記ワード線に前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に前記第1パスゲートトランジスタおよび前記第2パスゲートトランジスタをオンする電圧としての通常動作時オン制御電圧を印加する書き込みステップ、
を備える半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法。 - 請求項1記載の半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記電圧調整ステップを実行する前に実行され、前記ワード線に前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に前記第1パスゲートトランジスタおよび前記第2パスゲートトランジスタをオフする電圧としての通常動作時オフ制御電圧を印加すると共に前記半導体基板に前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に印加する電圧としての通常動作時基板電圧を印加した状態で前記電源電圧印加点に前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に印加する電源電圧より低い所定の低電圧を印加する低電源電圧印加ステップ、
を備える半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法。 - 請求項3記載の半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記低電源電圧印加ステップと前記電圧調整ステップとの間に実行され、前記二つのビット線を電気的に浮遊した状態にすると共に前記半導体基板に前記通常動作時基板電圧を印加した状態で、前記ワード線に前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に前記第1パスゲートトランジスタおよび前記第2パスゲートトランジスタをオンする電圧としての通常動作時オン制御電圧を印加する読み出しステップ、
を備える半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法。 - 請求項1ないし4いずれか1つの請求項に記載の半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記電圧調整ステップは、前記電源電圧印加点と前記二つのビット線との間の電圧差が前記所定の電圧差になると共に前記ワード線と前記二つのビット線との間の電圧差が前記所定の電圧差より小さい所定の低電圧差となるよう前記電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記二つのビット線に印加する電圧と前記ワード線に印加する電圧とを調整するステップである、
半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法。 - 請求項5記載の半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記電圧調整ステップは、前記ワード線に前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に前記第1パスゲートトランジスタおよび前記第2パスゲートトランジスタをオンする電圧としての通常動作時オン制御電圧を印加し、前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に前記ビット線に印加する電圧としての第1ビット電圧および該第1ビット電圧より低い第2ビット電圧のうち前記第2ビット電圧を前記二つのビット線に印加し、前記電源電圧印加点に前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に印加する電源電圧より高く前記通常動作時オン制御電圧より高い所定の高電源電圧を印加するステップである、
半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法。 - 請求項6記載の半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記電圧調整ステップは、前記半導体基板に印加されている電圧が前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作する際に前記半導体基板に印加する通常基板電圧より低い電圧になるよう前記半導体基板に印加する電圧を調整した状態で、前記ワード線に前記通常動作時オン制御電圧を印加し、前記第2ビット電圧を前記二つのビット線に印加し、前記電源電圧印加点に前記所定の高電源電圧を印加するステップである、
半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法。 - 請求項1ないし4いずれか1つの請求項に記載の半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記電圧調整ステップは、前記電源電圧印加点と前記二つのビット線との間の電圧差が前記所定の電圧差になると共に前記ワード線と前記二つのビット線との間の電圧差が前記所定の電圧差以上の所定の高電圧差となるよう前記電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記二つのビット線に印加する電圧と前記ワード線に印加する電圧とを調整するステップである、
半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法。 - 請求項8記載の半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記電圧調整ステップは、前記ワード線に前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に前記第1パスゲートトランジスタおよび前記第2パスゲートトランジスタをオフする電圧としての通常動作時オフ制御電圧以下の所定のオフ電圧を印加し、前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に前記ビット線に印加する電圧としての第1ビット電圧および該第1ビット電圧より低い第2ビット電圧のうち前記第1ビット電圧より高い所定の高ビット電圧を前記二つのビット線に印加し、前記電源電圧印加点に前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に印加する電源電圧より低い所定の低電源電圧を印加するステップである、
半導体記憶素子の電圧特性調整方法。 - 第1の入力端子と、第2の入力端子と、第3の入力端子と、出力端子と、接続端子を有しゲートが所定の絶縁性能を有する絶縁層上に形成されると共にソースおよびドレインのうちの一方とゲートとが前記接続端子に接続されてなるトランジスタのソースを隣接するトランジスタの前記接続端子と接続することによりトランジスタがn個(nは、値2以上の整数)に亘って直列に接続されてなり前記n個のトランジスタのうち始端のトランジスタの接続端子が前記第1の入力端子と接続されると共に前記n個のトランジスタのうち終端のトランジスタのソースが前記出力端子と接続された多段トランジスタ回路と、前記多段トランジスタ回路のn個のトランジスタのうち前記始端のトランジスタを除く(n-1)個のトランジスタの接続端子に一端が接続された(n-1)個のキャパシタを有し隣り合うキャパシタの前記一端と異なる他端が交互に前記第2の入力端子または前記第3の入力端子に接続されてなるキャパシタ回路と、前記第1の入力端子および前記第2の入力端子および前記第3の入力端子に電圧またはクロック信号を供給可能な入力信号供給回路と、通常動作する際に前記第1の入力端子に電源電圧が供給された状態で前記第2の入力端子にクロック信号が入力されると共に前記第3の入力端子に前記クロック信号を反転させた反転クロック信号が入力されるよう前記入力信号供給回路を制御する制御回路と、を備えるチャージポンプにおいて、
n個の制御用端子を有し、該制御用端子のそれぞれに電圧を供給する制御用電圧供給回路と、
前記n個の制御用端子から前記多段トランジスタ回路のn個のトランジスタの接続端子およびゲートへの電圧の供給をオンオフするn個のスイッチング素子と、
を備え、
前記制御回路は、前記第1の入力端子および前記第2の入力端子および前記第3の入力端子に所定の低電圧の電圧が入力されると共に前記n個のスイッチング素子のうち隣り合う二つのスイッチング素子をオンし残余のスイッチング素子をオフした状態で、前記オンしている二つのスイッチング素子に接続された制御用端子のうち一方の制御用端子に前記所定の低電圧以下の電圧が印加されると共に前記オンしている二つのスイッチング素子に接続された制御用端子のうち他方の制御用端子に前記所定の低電圧より高い所定の高電圧が印加されるよう前記入力信号供給回路と前記制御用電圧供給回路と前記n個のスイッチング素子とを制御する回路である
チャージポンプ。 - 請求項10記載のチャージポンプであって、
前記制御回路は、前記第1の入力端子および前記第2の入力端子および前記第3の入力端子に所定の低電圧の電圧が入力されると共に前記n個のスイッチング素子のうち隣り合う二つのスイッチング素子をオンし残余のスイッチング素子をオフした状態で、前記オンしている二つのスイッチング素子に接続された制御用端子のうち前記多段トランジスタ回路の始端のトランジスタ側の制御用端子に前記所定の低電圧以下の電圧が印加されると共に前記オンしている二つのスイッチング素子に接続された接続端子のうち前記多段トランジスタ回路の終端のトランジスタ側の制御用端子に前記所定の低電圧より高い所定の高電圧が印加されるよう前記入力信号供給回路と前記n個のスイッチング素子と前記制御用電圧供給回路とを制御する回路である
チャージポンプ。 - 請求項10記載のチャージポンプであって、
前記制御回路は、前記第1の入力端子および前記第2の入力端子および前記第3の入力端子に所定の低電圧の電圧が入力されると共に前記n個のスイッチング素子のうち隣り合う二つのスイッチング素子をオンし残余のスイッチング素子をオフした状態で、前記オンしている二つのスイッチング素子に接続された制御用端子のうち前記多段トランジスタ回路の始端のトランジスタ側の制御用端子に前記所定の低電圧より高い所定の高電圧が印加されると共に前記オンしている二つのスイッチング素子に接続された接続端子のうち前記多段トランジスタ回路の終端のトランジスタ側の制御用端子に前記所定の低電圧以下の電圧が印加されるよう前記入力信号供給回路と前記n個のスイッチング素子と前記制御用電圧供給回路とを制御する回路である
チャージポンプ。 - 第1の入力端子と、第2の入力端子と、第3の入力端子と、出力端子と、接続端子を有しゲートが所定の絶縁性能を有する絶縁層上に形成されると共にソースおよびドレインのうちの一方とゲートとが前記接続端子に接続されてなるトランジスタのソースを隣接するトランジスタの前記接続端子と接続することによりトランジスタがn個(nは、値2以上の整数)に亘って直列に接続されてなり前記n個のトランジスタのうち始端のトランジスタの接続端子が前記第1の入力端子と接続されると共に前記n個のトランジスタのうち終端のトランジスタのソースが前記出力端子と接続された多段トランジスタ回路と、前記多段トランジスタ回路のn個のトランジスタのうち前記始端のトランジスタを除く(n-1)個のトランジスタの接続端子に一端が接続された(n-1)個のキャパシタを有し隣り合うキャパシタの前記一端と異なる他端が交互に前記第2の入力端子または前記第3の入力端子に接続されてなるキャパシタ回路と、前記第1の入力端子および前記第2の入力端子および前記第3の入力端子に電圧またはクロック信号を供給可能な入力信号供給回路と、n個の制御用端子を有し該制御用端子のそれぞれに電圧を供給する制御用電圧供給回路と、前記n個の制御用端子から前記多段トランジスタ回路のn個のトランジスタの接続端子およびゲートへの電圧の供給をオンオフするn個のスイッチング素子と、を備え、通常動作する際に前記n個のスイッチング素子がオフされると共に前記第1の入力端子に電源電圧が供給された状態で前記第2の入力端子にクロック信号が入力されると共に前記第3の入力端子に前記クロック信号を反転させた反転クロック信号が入力されるよう前記入力信号供給回路と前記n個のスイッチング素子とを制御するチャージポンプの電圧特性を調整する電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記第1の入力端子および前記第2の入力端子および前記第3の入力端子に所定の低電圧の電圧が入力されると共に前記n個のスイッチング素子のうち隣り合う二つのスイッチング素子をオンし残余のスイッチング素子をオフした状態で、前記オンしている二つのスイッチング素子に接続された制御用端子のうち一方の制御用端子に前記所定の低電圧以下の電圧が印加されると共に前記オンしている二つのスイッチング素子に接続された制御用端子のうち他方の制御用端子に前記所定の低電圧より高い所定の高電圧が印加されるよう前記入力信号供給回路と前記制御用電圧供給回路と前記n個のスイッチング素子とを制御する、
ことを特徴するチャージポンプの電圧特性調整方法。 - 第1入力端子と第1出力端子とを有する第1インバータと前記第1出力端子に接続された第2入力端子と前記第1入力端子に接続された第2出力端子とを有する第2インバータと所定の絶縁性を有する第1ゲート絶縁層を有しソースまたはドレインの一方が前記第1インバータの第1出力端子に接続された第1パスゲートトランジスタと所定の絶縁性を有する第2ゲート絶縁層を有しソースまたはドレインの一方が前記第2インバータの出力端子に接続された第2パスゲートトランジスタとを有するn個(nは、2以上の整数)の半導体記憶素子と、前記n個の半導体記憶素子の前記第1パスゲートトランジスタのゲートおよび前記第2パスゲートトランジスタのゲートに接続されたn個のワード線と、前記第1パスゲートトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの他方に接続された第1ビット線と、前記第2パスゲートトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの他方に接続された第2ビット線と、を備える半導体記憶装置の電圧特性を調整する電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に電源電圧を印加する電源電圧印加点と前記半導体記憶素子の第1パスゲートトランジスタおよび前記第2パスゲートトランジスタに接続されているワード線と前記第1ビット線と前記第2ビット線との間のそれぞれの電圧差が、前記半導体記憶素子に通常データを書き込む際の前記電源電圧印加点と前記ワード線と前記二つのビット線との間の電圧差になるよう前記半導体素子の電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記第1ビット線に印加する電圧と前記第2ビット線に印加する電圧と前記ワード線に印加する電圧とを調整する書き込み動作を前記n個の半導体記憶素子のうち少なくとも二つの半導体記憶素子に対して実行する第1ステップと、
前記第1ステップが実行された後に、前記電源電圧印加点に前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に前記電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧である通常電源電圧より低い電圧が印加された状態で、前記ワード線に前記半導体記憶素子の第1パスゲートトランジスタおよび前記第2パスゲートトランジスタをオンする電圧である通常オン電圧が印加されるよう前記半導体素子の電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記ワード線に印加する電圧とを調整する低電源電圧読み出し動作を前記少なくとも二つの半導体記憶素子に対して実行する第2ステップと、
前記第2ステップが実行された後に、前記少なくとも二つの半導体記憶素子の電源電圧印加点に前記通常電源電圧より高い電圧が印加された状態で、前記少なくとも二つの半導体記憶素子の第1パスゲートトランジスタおよび第2パスゲートトランジスタに接続されているワード線に前記通常オン電圧以上前記通常電源電圧未満の電圧が印加されるよう前記少なくとも二つの半導体素子の電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記少なくとも二つの半導体素子に接続されているワード線に印加する電圧とを調整する第3ステップと、
を備える半導体記憶装置の電圧特性調整方法。 - 請求項14記載の半導体記憶装置の電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記第1ステップの書き込み動作は、前記電源電圧印加点に前記通常電源電圧を印加すると共に前記ワード線に前記通常オン電圧を印加した状態で、前記半導体記憶素子を通常動作させる際に前記ビット線に印加する電圧である第1ビット電圧および該第1ビット電圧より低い第2ビット電圧のうち前記第1ビット電圧を前記第1ビット線および前記第2ビット線のうちの一方に印加すると共に前記第2ビット電圧を前記第1ビット線および前記第2ビット線のうちの他方に印加するよう前記半導体記憶素子の電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記前記第1ビット線に印加する電圧と前記第2ビット線に印加する電圧と前記ワード線に印加する電圧とを調整する動作である、
半導体記憶装置の電圧特性調整方法。 - 請求項15記載の半導体記憶装置の電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記第3ステップが実行された後に、前記電源電圧印加点に前記通常電源電圧を印加すると共に前記ワード線に前記通常オン電圧を印加した状態で、前記第1ビット電圧を前記第1ビット線および前記第2ビット線のうちの他方に印加すると共に前記第2ビット電圧を前記第1ビット線および前記第2ビット線のうちの一方に印加するよう前記半導体記憶素子の電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記前記第1ビット線に印加する電圧と前記第2ビット線に印加する電圧と前記ワード線に印加する電圧とを調整する第3ステップ実行後書き込み動作を前記n個の半導体記憶素子にうち少なくとも二つの半導体記憶素子に対して実行する第4ステップ
を備え、
前記第4ステップを実行した後に前記第2ステップと前記第3ステップとを実行する
半導体記憶装置の電圧特性調整方法。 - 請求項16記載の半導体記憶装置の電圧特性調整方法であって、
前記第1ステップは、前記書き込み動作を前記n個の半導体記憶素子に実行するステップであり、
前記第2ステップは、前記低電源電圧読み出し動作を前記n個の半導体記憶素子に実行するステップであり、
前記第3ステップは、前記n個の半導体記憶素子の電源電圧印加点に前記通常電源電圧より高い電圧が印加された状態で、前記n個のワード線に前記通常オン電圧以上前記通常電源電圧未満の電圧が印加されるよう前記n個の半導体記憶素子の電源電圧印加点に印加する電圧と前記n個のワード線に印加する電圧とを調整するステップであり、
前記第4ステップは、前記第3ステップ実行後書き込み動作を前記n個の半導体記憶素子に実行するステップである
半導体記憶装置の電圧特性調整方法。
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