WO2011145659A1 - カロチノイド含有組成物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
カロチノイド含有組成物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011145659A1 WO2011145659A1 PCT/JP2011/061451 JP2011061451W WO2011145659A1 WO 2011145659 A1 WO2011145659 A1 WO 2011145659A1 JP 2011061451 W JP2011061451 W JP 2011061451W WO 2011145659 A1 WO2011145659 A1 WO 2011145659A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/01—Hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/40—Colouring or decolouring of foods
- A23L5/42—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners
- A23L5/43—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners using naturally occurring organic dyes or pigments, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
- A23L5/44—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners using naturally occurring organic dyes or pigments, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives using carotenoids or xanthophylls
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/02—Halogenated hydrocarbons
- A61K31/035—Halogenated hydrocarbons having aliphatic unsaturation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/06—Emulsions
- A61K8/062—Oil-in-water emulsions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/31—Hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
- A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/1641—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poloxamers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1682—Processes
- A61K9/1694—Processes resulting in granules or microspheres of the matrix type containing more than 5% of excipient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/10—General cosmetic use
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/02—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carotenoid-containing composition and a method for producing the same.
- carotenoids are widely known as poorly soluble materials, and thus usually emulsified compositions are employed.
- the carotenoid-containing emulsion composition containing at least one water-soluble emulsifier in the water phase and the carotenoid-containing emulsion composition containing tocopherol and lecithin in the oil phase (see JP 2008-13751 A).
- a carotenoid pigment for foods having a transmittance of 99% or more at 660 nm when the composition of a carotenoid pigment for foods and a polyglycerin fatty acid ester is finely divided and the absorbance at the maximum absorption wavelength of the visible portion is 1
- a dye-solubilized liquid preparation see JP-A-10-120933
- an oil phase obtained by dissolving carotenoids in fats and oils is emulsified in an aqueous phase containing polyhydric alcohol in the presence of polyglycerin fatty acid ester and lecithin
- a carotenoid-containing composition having an average particle size of the oil phase of 100 nm or less -157159 see JP), and the like.
- the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a carotenoid-containing composition in which crystallization is suppressed even if the composition contains a crystalline carotenoid.
- Another object of the second aspect of the present invention is to provide a carotenoid-containing composition that can stably contain a crystalline carotenoid in an amorphous state.
- An oil phase component mixture containing an ester is heated under a temperature condition equal to or higher than the melting point of the carotenoid component to obtain a carotenoid-containing oil phase composition, an aqueous phase composition containing an emulsifier, and the carotenoid-containing solution
- a method for producing a carotenoid-containing composition comprising: emulsifying an oil phase composition with pressure to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion composition.
- any of [1] to [11], wherein the oil-in-water emulsion composition or the re-dissolved oil-in-water emulsion obtained by re-dissolving the powder composition has an average particle size of 50 nm to 300 nm.
- the manufacturing method of the carotenoid containing composition as described in 2.
- the manufacturing method which manufactures the carotenoid containing composition by which crystallization was suppressed is provided.
- the carotenoid containing composition which can contain a crystalline carotenoid stably in an amorphous state is provided.
- the method for producing a carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention comprises a carotenoid component containing at least one crystalline carotenoid, a glycerin unit of 1 to 6, a number of fatty acid units of 1 to 6, and a hydroxyl group of the glycerin unit.
- An oil phase component mixture containing at least one (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester is heated under a temperature condition equal to or higher than the melting point of the carotenoid component to obtain a carotenoid-containing oil phase composition (hereinafter referred to as “carotenoid-containing oil”).
- Phase composition preparation step Phase composition preparation step
- phase composition preparation step Phase composition preparation step
- oil-in-water emulsion composition preparation step oil-in-water emulsion composition preparation step
- a carotenoid component containing a crystalline carotenoid is heated together with a predetermined (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester under a temperature condition equal to or higher than the melting point of the carotenoid component. Co-dissolves with fatty acid esters.
- the carotenoid-containing composition obtained by emulsification is made crystalline by making the oil-phase composition heat-emulsified with the water-phase composition containing a water-soluble emulsifier into a carotenoid-containing oil phase composition obtained by co-dissolution.
- a composition in which carotenoid crystallization is suppressed is obtained.
- the carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention contains at least one crystalline carotenoid, the carotenoid component in which at least 90% by mass of the crystalline carotenoid is amorphous, the glycerin unit is 1 to 6, and the number of fatty acid units is 1 to 6 and a (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester having at least one hydroxyl group of a glycerin unit.
- the carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention is preferably produced by the production method of the present invention.
- a numerical range indicated by using “to” indicates a range including the numerical values described before and after “to” as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the amount of each component in the composition when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition, the plurality of substances present in the composition unless otherwise specified. Means the total amount.
- the expression “(poly) glycerin fatty acid ester” includes a glycerin fatty acid ester containing one glycerin unit and one fatty acid unit, a glycerin fatty acid ester containing a plurality of either one, and a glycerin fatty acid ester containing a plurality of both.
- glycerin fatty acid esters are used indifferently. The present invention will be described below.
- the carotenoid-containing oil phase composition obtained in the carotenoid-containing oil phase composition preparation step is an oil containing a carotenoid component containing at least one crystalline carotenoid and a predetermined (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester. Prepared from phase component mixture.
- “Crystalline carotenoid” in the present invention does not indicate a specific carotenoid, and when it is in the form of oil or paste containing carotenoid, it is ⁇ 5 ° C. due to various factors such as its production method, treatment, storage and the like. It means a carotenoid that can exist as a crystal at any temperature in the temperature range of ⁇ 35 ° C.
- lycopene, ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, astaxanthin and the like which will be described later, are carotenoids in which crystals are likely to exist.
- Crystalline carotenoids are pigments of yellow to red terpenoids, and examples thereof include those derived from plants, algae, and bacteria. Further, the crystalline carotenoid is not limited to a naturally derived one, and any crystalline carotenoid may be used as long as it is obtained according to a conventional method. Moreover, what is necessary is just to confirm that it is a crystalline carotenoid by a conventional method, for example, it can confirm by applying differential scanning calorimetry (Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarization microscope observation, X-ray diffraction, etc.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- crystalline carotenoid in the present invention examples include lycopene, ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -carotene, actinioerythrol, bixin, canthaxanthin, capsorubin, ⁇ -8'-apo- Carotenal (apocarotenal), ⁇ -12′-apo-carotenal, xanthophylls (eg, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, capsanthin, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin, etc.), and hydroxyl or carboxyl derivatives thereof. . These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Lycopene is a carotenoid of the chemical formula C 40 H 56 (molecular weight 536.87) and belongs to a kind of carotenoids of carotenoids. It is a red pigment exhibiting an absorption maximum at 474 nm (acetone).
- lycopene there are also cis- and trans- isomers of conjugated double bonds at the center of the molecule, and examples include all-trans-, 9-cis and 13-cis isomers. In the present invention, Any of these may be used.
- Lycopene may be contained in the carotenoid-containing composition obtained by the present invention as a lycopene-containing oil or lycopene-containing paste separated and extracted from a natural product containing the lycopene.
- lycopene is contained in tomatoes, strawberries, watermelons, and pink grapefruits, and the above lycopene-containing oil may be separated and extracted from these natural products.
- the lycopene used in the present invention may be the above-described extract, a product obtained by appropriately purifying the extract as necessary, or a synthetic product.
- lycopene extracted from tomato is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of quality and productivity.
- a commercially available tomato extract can be used as a lycopene-containing oil or paste.
- Lyc-O-Mat 15%, Lyc-O— sold by Sunbright Co., Ltd.
- Examples include Mato 6% and lycopene 18 sold by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- the crystalline carotenoid may constitute the carotenoid component alone, or may constitute the carotenoid component together with the oil (oil) used when extracted from the natural product.
- the crystalline carotenoid is preferably 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.2% by mass to 4% by mass with respect to the total mass of the solid content (all components excluding water) in the carotenoid-containing composition. More preferably, the content is 0.3% by mass to 3% by mass. If it is this range, the effect by crystalline carotenoid can be expected.
- the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester that forms the oil phase component mixture with the carotenoid component has 1 to 6 glycerin units and 1 to 6 fatty acid units, and has at least one hydroxyl group of the glycerin unit (poly ) Glycerin fatty acid ester.
- Such a specific (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester has high compatibility with crystalline carotenoids, and suppresses crystallization of crystalline carotenoids when a carotenoid-containing oil phase composition is constituted as a co-dissolved product. sell.
- (Poly) glycerin fatty acid ester having 7 or more glycerin units has increased hydrophilicity and low affinity for carotenoids, while (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester having 7 or more fatty acid units has a carotenoid crystal-inhibiting effect. I can not expect.
- (poly) glycerin fatty acid esters that do not contain hydroxyl groups of glycerin units such as medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides, crystallization of carotenoids cannot be sufficiently suppressed, but a certain amount of hydroxyl groups is necessary. Therefore, the carotenoid crystal suppression effect cannot be expected.
- the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester contained in the oil phase component mixture as a co-dissolved product is selected from glycerin having a number of glycerin units (average polymerization degree) of 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, from the viewpoint of suppressing recrystallization
- a fatty acid unit having 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 5 and having 8 to 22 carbon atoms for example, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid) And behenic acid
- an ester with a fatty acid having 14 to 18 carbon atoms for example, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid
- the molecular weight is preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 3000 or less, and even more preferably 2500 or less.
- HLB is preferably 9 or less, and more preferably 6 or less.
- the carotenoid-containing composition is a carotenoid-containing powder composition
- the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester that is solid at room temperature indicates that the carotenoid concentration in the carotenoid-containing powder composition and hot air during the production of the composition It is preferable from the viewpoint of yield during drying. That is, if it is solid at normal temperature, it is not necessary to increase the amount of the packaging agent, and a sufficient amount of carotenoid can be contained. Moreover, if it is solid at normal temperature, it will be difficult to adhere to a contact surface at the time of hot-air drying, and the fall of the yield of a carotenoid containing powder composition can be suppressed.
- Examples of (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester include glyceryl myristate, monoglyceryl monostearate, diglyceryl monostearate, triglyceryl monostearate, pentaglyceryl monoglycerate, hexaglyceryl pentastearate, triglyceryl dipalmitate Glyceryl distearate, tetraglyceryl tristearate, tetraglyceryl pentastearate, hexaglyceryl monostearate, hexaglyceryl tristearate, hexaglyceryl tetrabehenate, and the like, from the viewpoint of recrystallization inhibition and uniform solubility, myristic Glyceryl acid, glyceryl monostearate, diglyceryl monostearate, tetraglyceryl pentastearate, hexaglyceryl pentastearate It is preferred.
- the content (mass) of the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester varies depending on the type or content of the crystalline carotenoid used, but from the viewpoint of the stability of the carotenoid-containing composition, the content (mass) is 0. It is preferably from 01 times to 10 times, more preferably from 0.1 times to 8 times, and further preferably from 0.3 times to 5 times. If the total mass of the polyglycerin fatty acid ester in the carotenoid-containing composition is 0.01 times the total mass of the crystalline carotenoid, a sufficient crystal suppression effect can be expected. The increase in the particle diameter of the emulsified particles can be suppressed.
- the oil phase component mixture preferably contains an antioxidant as a component other than the carotenoid component and the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester in order to suppress the decomposition of the crystalline carotenoid.
- an antioxidant is preferably at least one selected from ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid ester and salts thereof from the viewpoint of surely suppressing the decomposition of crystalline carotenoid.
- Ascorbic acid antioxidants include L-ascorbic acid, L-ascorbic acid Na, L-ascorbic acid K, L-ascorbic acid Ca, L-ascorbic acid phosphate, magnesium salt of L-ascorbic acid phosphate L-ascorbic acid sulfate, L-ascorbic acid sulfate disodium salt, L-ascorbic acid stearate, L-ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, L-ascorbyl palmitate, tetraisopalmitate L-ascorbyl, etc.
- fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid such as stearic acid L-ascorbyl ester, tetraisopalmitic acid L-ascorbyl ester, palmitic acid L-ascorbyl ester, and the like.
- L-ascorbic acid L-ascorbic acid Na, L-ascorbic acid Ca, L-ascorbic acid stearate, L-ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, L-ascorbic acid Palmitic acid ester, magnesium salt of L-ascorbic acid phosphate, L-ascorbic acid sulfate disodium salt, and tetraisopalmitic acid L-ascorbyl are particularly preferred.
- These ascorbic acid-based antioxidants may be contained alone in the oil phase component mixture or may be blended in the oil phase component mixture in the form of an aqueous solution.
- the concentration of the ascorbic acid-based antioxidant in such an aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but is generally preferably 0.05% by mass to 5% by mass from the viewpoint of antioxidant.
- the total mass of the ascorbic acid-based antioxidant contained in the oil phase component mixture is preferably 0.05 to 50 times the mass of the crystalline carotenoid from the viewpoint of suppressing the loss of carotenoids due to heat. It is more preferably from 10 times, more preferably from 1.5 times to 10 times, and even more preferably from 2 times to 10 times. If the mass of the ascorbic acid-based antioxidant is 0.05 times the amount of the crystalline carotenoid or more, it is sufficient to exert the effect of suppressing the reduction of the crystalline carotenoid content, and if it is 50 times or less, a sufficient amount of crystals. The carotenoid formulation is not impaired.
- the oil phase composition (carotenoid-containing oil phase composition) in the present invention can be obtained by heat-treating the oil phase component mixture (oil phase component mixture).
- the temperature at which the oil phase component mixture is heated needs to be a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the carotenoid component. Below the melting point of the carotenoid component, the crystalline carotenoid does not dissolve, and a large amount of crystals are present in the carotenoid-containing composition.
- the melting point of the carotenoid component means a temperature at which the crystalline carotenoid in the carotenoid component is dissolved.
- the melting point of the crystalline carotenoid corresponds.
- a component other than the crystalline carotenoid is contained in the carotenoid component, it means a temperature at which the carotenoid in the carotenoid component is dissolved.
- the carotenoid component when a carotenoid-containing oil derived from a natural product is used as the carotenoid component, impurities and the like may be contained, and the crystalline carotenoid in the carotenoid component may be dissolved at a temperature lower than the melting point of the crystalline carotenoid.
- the temperature at which the crystalline carotenoid in the carotenoid component dissolves corresponds to the “melting point of the carotenoid component” in the present invention.
- the melting point of the carotenoid component can be confirmed by a method generally used for confirming the melting point, for example, by DSC.
- the heating temperature applied to prepare the carotenoid-containing oil phase composition varies depending on the type of crystalline carotenoid or carotenoid component used, but generally 150 ° C in the case of a carotenoid component containing lycopene. From the viewpoint of suppressing thermal decomposition, it is preferably 150 ° C. to 180 ° C., more preferably 150 ° C. to 170 ° C.
- the maximum heating temperature applied for preparing the carotenoid-containing oil phase composition from the viewpoint of suppressing the decomposition of the crystalline carotenoid, is 10 ° C. different from the melting point of the carotenoid component.
- the temperature is preferably within the range, more preferably a temperature slightly exceeding the melting point, for example, a temperature within 5 ° C.
- the heating time may be a time for dissolving the carotenoid component in the oil phase component mixture, and is 10 minutes to 60 minutes from the viewpoint of efficiently suppressing the decrystallization of the crystal and the decomposition of the carotenoid due to excessive heat. It is preferably 15 minutes to 45 minutes, but is not limited thereto.
- a carotenoid-containing oil phase composition can be obtained from an oil phase component mixture containing a carotenoid component and a polyglycerin fatty acid ester.
- the carotenoid-containing oil phase composition may contain other oil components that are usually used as oil phase components in addition to the above-described components.
- other oily components are not particularly limited as long as they are components that do not dissolve in an aqueous medium but dissolve in an oily medium, and have physical properties and functionality according to the purpose. Can be appropriately selected and used.
- non-crystalline carotenoids, unsaturated fatty acids, fats and oils such as coconut oil, fat-soluble vitamins such as tocopherol, and ubiquinones are preferably used.
- the unsaturated fatty acid examples include monovalent highly unsaturated fatty acids ( ⁇ -9, oleic acid, etc.) or polyvalent highly unsaturated fatty acids ( ⁇ -3, ⁇ -6) having 10 or more carbon atoms, preferably 18-30. Is mentioned. Such unsaturated fatty acids may be any known ones, for example, ⁇ -3 oils and fats include linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fish oils containing them. Can be mentioned. Examples of ubiquinones include coenzyme Qs such as coenzyme Q10.
- the fat-soluble vitamins include fat-soluble vitamins E, vitamins A, vitamins D, and oil-soluble derivatives of erythorbic acid.
- the antioxidant function is high and the radical scavenger (antioxidant). It is preferable that it is fat-soluble vitamin E which can also be used.
- Vitamin E is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those selected from a compound group consisting of tocopherol and its derivatives, and a compound group consisting of tocotrienol and its derivatives. These may be used alone or in combination. Moreover, you may use combining the compound group which consists of a tocophenol and its derivative, and each selected from the compound group which consists of a tocotrienol and its derivative, respectively.
- the compound group consisting of tocopherol and its derivatives includes dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol acetate, nicotinic acid-dl- ⁇ -tocopherol Linoleic acid-dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, succinic acid dl- ⁇ -tocopherol and the like.
- dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, and a mixture thereof (mixed tocopherol) are more preferable.
- tocopherol derivative these carboxylic acid ester, especially acetate ester are used preferably.
- the compound group consisting of tocotrienol and derivatives thereof includes ⁇ -tocotrienol, ⁇ -tocotrienol, ⁇ -tocotrienol, ⁇ -tocotrienol and the like.
- these acetates are preferably used as the tocotrienol derivative.
- vitamin A examples include retinol, 3-hydroretinol, retinal, 3-hydroretinal, retinoic acid, 3-dehydroretinoic acid, vitamin A acetate and the like.
- vitamin Ds examples include vitamin Ds such as vitamins D 2 to D 7 .
- esters such as nicotinic acid vitamin E; may be mentioned vitamin K 1 or vitamin K, such as K 3.
- Fatty acid esters of erythorbic acid such as erythorbyl palmitate, erythorbyl tetraisopalmitate; fatty acid esters of vitamin B 6 such as pyridoxine dipalmitate, pyridoxine tripalmitate, pyridoxine dilaurate, pyridoxine dioctanoate, etc.
- erythorbic acid such as erythorbyl palmitate, erythorbyl tetraisopalmitate
- fatty acid esters of vitamin B 6 such as pyridoxine dipalmitate, pyridoxine tripalmitate, pyridoxine dilaurate, pyridoxine dioctanoate, etc.
- Examples of the fats and oils other than the above include liquid fats and oils (fatty oils) and solid fats and oils (fats) at room temperature.
- Examples of the liquid oil include olive oil, camellia oil, macadamia nut oil, castor oil, avocado oil, evening primrose oil, turtle oil, corn oil, mink oil, rapeseed oil, egg yolk oil, sesame oil, persic oil, wheat germ oil, and sasanca Oil, flaxseed oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, eno oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, tea seed oil, kaya oil, rice bran oil, cinnagari oil, Japanese kiri oil, jojoba oil, germ oil, triglycerin, glycerin trioctanoate, Examples include glycerin triisopalmitate, salad oil, safflower oil (safflower oil), palm oil, coconut oil, peanut oil, almond oil, hazelnut oil, walnut oil, grape seed oil,
- beef tallow, hardened beef tallow, beef leg fat, beef bone fat, mink oil, egg yolk oil, pork tallow, horse fat, sheep fat, hardened oil, cocoa butter, palm oil, hardened palm oil, Palm oil, palm hardened oil, owl, owl kernel oil, hardened castor oil and the like can be mentioned.
- coconut oil which is a medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride, is preferably used from the viewpoint of the particle size and stability of the emulsion composition.
- the oily component in the present invention is a compound selected from the group consisting of tocopherols, tocotrienols and their derivatives included in fat-soluble vitamins (hereinafter referred to as tocopherols as appropriate) in order to improve physical properties in the composition. Is preferably contained together with other oil phase components.
- tocopherols When the tocopherols are used in combination in the carotenoid-containing oil phase composition, it is preferably used in the range of 5% to 35% by weight, more preferably 7% to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the oil component. can do.
- the content of the carotenoid-containing oil phase composition in the present invention in the carotenoid-containing composition varies depending on the form of the target carotenoid-containing composition, but the total amount of the oil phase component is an emulsified composition from the viewpoint of exhibiting the function of the oil component.
- the total amount of the oil phase component is an emulsified composition from the viewpoint of exhibiting the function of the oil component.
- it is preferably 0.1% by mass to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.5% by mass to 25% by mass, and still more preferably 0.2% by mass to 10% by mass.
- it is preferably 10% by mass to 50% by mass of the total mass of the composition, more preferably 10% by mass to 40% by mass, and 10% by mass to 30% by mass. More preferably it is.
- an emulsifier that can be used as an oil phase component may be included.
- the emulsifier that can be used as such an oil phase component include those having an HLB of 7 or less among the emulsifiers described later.
- the water phase composition containing a water-soluble emulsifier and the carotenoid-containing oil phase composition are pressure-emulsified to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion composition.
- the aqueous phase composition used for obtaining the carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention is composed of an aqueous medium, particularly water, and contains at least an emulsifier.
- the emulsifier in the present invention may be any of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant and a nonionic surfactant.
- HLB is a hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance that is usually used in the field of surfactants, and a commonly used calculation formula such as the Kawakami formula can be used.
- HLB 7 + 11.7 log (M w / M 0 )
- M w of the hydrophilic group M 0 is the molecular weight of the hydrophobic group.
- M w of the hydrophilic group M 0 is the molecular weight of the hydrophobic group.
- an emulsifier having an arbitrary HLB value can be obtained by utilizing the additivity of HLB.
- the content of the emulsifier in the carotenoid-containing composition generally varies depending on the form of the composition, but in the case of an emulsion composition, it is preferably 0.5 to 30% by mass, more preferably 1 to 20% by mass, In the case of a powder composition, it is preferably from 0.1 to 50% by weight, more preferably from 5 to 45% by weight, still more preferably from 10 to 30% by weight. Within this range, it is preferable in that the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the poor solvent phase can be easily lowered, and it is difficult to cause problems such as excessive foaming without causing an excessive amount.
- the total mass of the emulsifier can be used in the range of 0.1 to 10 times the total mass of the oil component including the carotenoid component in both the powder composition and the emulsion composition. From the viewpoint of miniaturization and suppression of foaming, 0.5 to 8 times is preferable, and 0.8 to 5 times is particularly preferable. Within this range, the dispersion stability of the composition can be improved.
- nonionic surfactants are preferred because they are hypoallergenic and have little impact on the environment.
- nonionic surfactants include sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, organic acid monoglyceride, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyglycerin condensed ricinoleic acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester and the like. It is done.
- sucrose fatty acid ester those having 12 to 20 carbon atoms of the fatty acid constituting the sucrose fatty acid ester are preferable and 14 to 16 are more preferable from the viewpoint of the stability of the dispersed particles in the composition.
- sucrose fatty acid esters include sucrose dioleate, sucrose distearate, sucrose dipalmitate, sucrose dimyristic ester, sucrose dilaurate, sucrose monooleate, sucrose Examples include sugar monostearate, sucrose monopalmitate, sucrose monomyristic ester, and sucrose monolaurate. Among these, sucrose monooleate, sucrose monostearate, sucrose Monopalmitate, sucrose monomyristate, and sucrose monolaurate are more preferable. In the present invention, these sucrose fatty acid esters can be used alone or in combination.
- polyglycerin fatty acid ester contained in the aqueous phase composition examples include polyglycerin having an average degree of polymerization of 2 or more, preferably 6 to 15, more preferably 8 to 10 and fatty acid having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, such as caprylic acid. , Esters of capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid.
- polyglycerol fatty acid esters include hexaglycerol monooleate, hexaglycerol monostearate, hexaglycerol monopalmitate, hexaglycerol monomyristate, hexaglycerol monolaurate, decaglycerol monooleate , Decaglycerin monostearic acid ester, decaglycerin monopalmitic acid ester, decaglycerin monomyristic acid ester, decaglycerin monolauric acid ester and the like.
- polyglycerin fatty acid esters can be used alone or in combination.
- sorbitan fatty acid ester in the present invention, those having 8 or more carbon atoms of fatty acids are preferable, and those having 12 or more are more preferable.
- Preferred examples of sorbitan fatty acid esters include sorbitan monocaprylate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan sesquistearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan isostearate, sorbitan sesquiisostearate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan sesquioleate And sorbitan trioleate. In the present invention, these sorbitan fatty acid esters can be used alone or in combination.
- the polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester preferably has 8 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 12 or more. Further, the length (number of added moles) of polyoxyethylene ethylene oxide is preferably 2 to 100, and more preferably 4 to 50.
- polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester examples include sorbitan polyoxyethylene monocaprylate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene monolaurate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene monostearate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene sesquistearate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene tristearate Sorbitan polyoxyethylene isostearate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene sesquiisostearate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene oleate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene sesquioleate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene trioleate, and the like.
- These polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters can be used alone or in combination.
- phospholipids such as a lecithin
- the phospholipid that can be used in the present invention comprises a glycerin skeleton, a fatty acid residue, and a phosphate residue as essential components, to which a base, a polyhydric alcohol, and the like are bonded, and is also referred to as lecithin. Since phospholipids have a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group in the molecule, they have been widely used as emulsifiers in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields.
- lecithin having a purity of 60% or more is used as lecithin and can be used in the present invention. However, from the viewpoint of formation of fine oil droplet size and stability of functional oily components, it is generally high. This is called purity lecithin, which has a lecithin purity of 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more.
- phospholipids include various conventionally known phospholipids extracted and separated from living organisms of plants, animals and microorganisms. Specific examples of such phospholipids include various lecithins derived from plants such as soybean, corn, peanut, rapeseed and wheat, animals such as egg yolk and cows, and microorganisms such as Escherichia coli.
- lecithins by their compound names include phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, bisphosphatidic acid, diphosphatidylglycerin (cardiolipin) and the like; sphingomyelin And the like can be mentioned.
- hydrogenated lecithin, enzymatically decomposed lecithin, enzymatically decomposed hydrogenated lecithin, hydroxylecithin, and the like can be used in addition to the high-purity lecithin described above.
- These lecithins that can be used in the present invention can be used alone or in the form of a mixture of plural kinds.
- the carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention is a powder composition
- it preferably contains a water-soluble bulking agent in order to protect oil droplets during the pulverization process during drying and during powder storage.
- the particle size of the oil droplets can be maintained in a fine state, and deterioration of the carotenoid component in the oil droplets can be reduced.
- the water-soluble packaging agent can improve the water dispersibility of the oil component when the powder composition is redissolved in water, and can also improve the transparency after re-dissolution. .
- the water-soluble packaging agent is preferably a polysaccharide (hereinafter simply referred to as “fructose polymer or oligomer”) which is at least one selected from a fructose polymer and an oligomer comprising a saccharide unit containing at least two fructose units.
- the fructose polymer or oligomer in the present invention refers to a polymer or oligomer composed of a saccharide unit containing fructose (fructose) as a repeating unit and a plurality of saccharide units bonded by dehydration condensation.
- fructose oligomers those having less than 20 sugar repeating units containing fructose units are called fructose oligomers, and those having 20 or more sugar units are called fructose polymers.
- the number of repeating sugar units is preferably 2 to 60, more preferably 4 to 20, from the viewpoints of drying suitability and refinement of oil droplets during re-dissolution. If the number of repetitions (the degree of polymerization of fructose) is 2 or more, the hygroscopicity is not too strong, and it can effectively prevent the recovery rate from adhering to the drying container during the drying process, On the other hand, when the number is 60 or less, it is possible to effectively prevent the coarsening of the oil droplet diameter during re-dissolution of water.
- the fructose polymer or oligomer may contain other monosaccharides at the molecular ends or chains.
- Other monosaccharide units that can be included here include glucose (glucose), galactose, mannose, idose, altrose, gulose, talose, allose, xylose, arabinose, lyxose, ribose, threose, erythrose, erythrulose, xylulose, There are ribulose, psicose, sorbose, tagatose, etc., but it is not limited thereto. Among these monosaccharides, glucose is preferable from the viewpoint of availability.
- the binding position is present at the end of the fructose chain from the viewpoint of refinement of oil droplets during re-dissolution.
- the content ratio is 50% or less, preferably 30% or less, in terms of the degree of polymerization with respect to the number of fructose units from the viewpoint of drying suitability and refinement of oil droplets during re-dissolution.
- Inulin is mentioned as a water-soluble packaging agent preferably used in the present invention from the viewpoints of storage stability of dyes and availability.
- Inulin in the present invention refers to a fructose polymer or fructose oligomer having one glucose at the end. Inulin is widely known to exist in nature, and is abundant in chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, dahlia, garlic, leek, onion and the like. Details of inulin are described in the Handbook of Hydrocolloids, GOPhillips, PAWilliams Ed., 397-403, (2000) CRC Press. Generally, the chain length is expressed with G as the glucose unit and F as the fructose unit.
- the inulin of the present invention does not include sucrose represented by GF.
- Inulin which is usually extracted from nature, is a polymer or oligomer ranging from GF2 (kestose), GF3 (nystose), GF4 (fructosylnystose) to about GF60, or a mixture thereof.
- inulin can be extracted from hot roots such as chicory, Jerusalem artichoke and dahlia, extracted from hot water, concentrated and spray-dried for sale.
- hot roots such as chicory, Jerusalem artichoke and dahlia
- examples of this include Frutafit extracted from chicory root (manufactured by SENSSUS), Beneo (Orafuti) also extracted from chicory root, Dahlia root-derived reagent (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Sigma), chicory root extraction A reagent (Sigma) etc. can be mentioned.
- the fructose oligomers and polymers in the present invention may include those prepared from sucrose (sucrose) utilizing the fructan transfer activity of ⁇ -fructofuranosidase. Examples of this include Fuji FF (Fuji Nippon Seika Co., Ltd.) and GF2 (Meiji Seika Co., Ltd.).
- the inulin used in the present invention is preferably 2 to 60 in terms of the number of fructose repetitions (degree of polymerization) from the viewpoint of refining oil droplets during re-dissolution, and more preferably applied to the apparatus during spray drying. From the viewpoint of adhesion and solubility in water, the degree of polymerization of fructose is 4-20.
- the fructose polymer or oligomer of the present invention is preferably added during emulsification, but part or all of the fructose polymer or oligomer can also be added after emulsification.
- water-soluble polymers and oligomers may be used in combination with the fructose polymer or oligomer.
- examples of other water-soluble polymers and oligomers include agarose, starch, carrageenan, gelatin, xanthan gum, gellan gum, galactomannan, casein, tragand gum, xyloglucan, ⁇ -glucan, curdlan, water-soluble soybean fiber, chitosan, alginic acid, alginic acid Although an atrium etc. are mentioned, it is not limited to these.
- the water-soluble packaging agent is preferably 0.5 to 50 times, more preferably 1 to the total mass of the oil component in the composition from the viewpoint of shape maintenance and solubility.
- the amount is 20 times, more preferably 1 to 10 times, still more preferably 2 to 5 times.
- the water-soluble packaging agent may be contained in the aqueous phase of the carotenoid-containing composition, and may be contained as an aqueous phase composition during the pressure emulsification described below. It may be added to the aqueous phase of the composition.
- components usually used in the fields of foods, cosmetics and the like may be appropriately blended in the carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention according to the form of the composition.
- the additive component may be blended as a component of the oil phase component mixture, carotenoid-containing oil phase composition or water phase composition, or as a component added to the water phase of the carotenoid-containing composition. May be.
- Such other components include polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin and 1,3-butylene glycol; glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, pectin, copper carrageenan, locust bean gum, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, xanthan gum , Karaya gum, tamarind seed polysaccharide, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, hyaluronic acid, sodium hyaluronate, sodium chondroitin sulfate, dextrin, etc .; sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactose, maltotriitol, xylitol Inorganic salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate; tongues having a molecular weight of over 5000 such as casein, albumin, methylated collagen, hydrolyzed collagen, water-soluble collagen and gelatin Synthetic polymers such as carboxy
- various additives such as various medicinal components, pH adjusters, pH buffers, ultraviolet absorbers, preservatives, fragrances, and colorants can be used in combination.
- the carotenoid-containing oil phase composition obtained in the carotenoid-containing oil phase composition preparation step and the aqueous phase composition are pressurized in the oil-in-water emulsion composition preparation step.
- Emulsification yields a carotenoid-containing composition as an oil-in-water emulsion composition.
- an oil-in-water emulsion in which oil droplets (dispersed particles) containing an oil component containing crystalline carotenoid are finely dispersed in water is obtained, and a carotenoid-containing composition in which carotenoid crystallization is suppressed is obtained.
- the ratio (mass) of the oil phase and the aqueous phase in the emulsification is not particularly limited, but the oil phase / water phase ratio (mass%) is preferably 0.1 / 99.9 to 50/50, 0 The ratio is more preferably 5 / 99.5 to 30/70, and still more preferably 1/99 to 20/80.
- the oil phase / water phase ratio is preferably 0.1 / 99.9 or more, the active ingredient does not become low, and the practical problem of the emulsion composition tends not to occur, which is preferable.
- the emulsifier concentration does not become thin, and the emulsification stability of the emulsion composition tends not to deteriorate, which is preferable.
- the pressure emulsification may be performed by one step of emulsification, but it is preferable to perform two or more steps of emulsification from the viewpoint of obtaining uniform and fine emulsified particles.
- a one-step emulsification operation such as emulsification using a normal emulsification apparatus (for example, stirrer, impeller stirring, homomixer, continuous flow type shearing apparatus, etc.) utilizing a shearing action, a high-pressure homogenizer, etc.
- a high-pressure homogenizer for example, stirrer, impeller stirring, homomixer, continuous flow type shearing apparatus, etc.
- the emulsion can be arranged into even more uniform droplets of fine particles. Further, it may be performed a plurality of times for the purpose of forming a droplet having a more uniform particle diameter.
- the emulsifying means usable here may be any of generally known emulsification methods such as natural emulsification method, interfacial chemical emulsification method, electroemulsification method, capillary emulsification method, mechanical emulsification method, ultrasonic emulsification method and the like. it can.
- a surface chemical emulsification method such as a PIT emulsification method or a gel emulsification method is known. This method has the advantage of consuming less energy, and is suitable for finely emulsifying a material that is easily deteriorated by heat.
- a method using mechanical force that is, a method of breaking oil droplets by applying a strong shearing force from the outside is applied.
- the most common mechanical force is a high speed, high shear stirrer.
- a stirrer what is called a homomixer, a disper mixer and an ultramixer are commercially available.
- high-pressure homogenizer as another mechanical emulsification apparatus useful for miniaturization, and various apparatuses are commercially available. Since the high-pressure homogenizer can give a larger shearing force than the stirring method, it can be miniaturized even if the amount of the emulsifier is relatively small.
- High-pressure homogenizers can be broadly classified into a chamber-type high-pressure homogenizer having a fixed throttle portion and a homogeneous valve-type high-pressure homogenizer that controls the opening of the throttle.
- Examples of the chamber type high-pressure homogenizer include a microfluidizer (manufactured by Microfluidics), a nanomizer (manufactured by Yoshida Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd.), an optimizer (manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- the homogeneous valve type high-pressure homogenizer includes Gorin type homogenizer (manufactured by APV), Lanier type homogenizer (manufactured by Lanier), high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by Niro Soabi), homogenizer (manufactured by Sanwa Machinery Co., Ltd.), high-pressure homogenizer ( Izumi Food Machinery Co., Ltd.), ultra-high pressure homogenizer (manufactured by Ika), and the like.
- An ultrasonic homogenizer is an emulsifying device that has a simple structure and is a relatively energy efficient dispersing device.
- Examples of high-power ultrasonic homogenizers that can be manufactured include ultrasonic homogenizers US-600, US-1200T, RUS-1200T, MUS-1200T (above, manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho), ultrasonic processor UIP2000, UIP-4000, UIP-8000, UIP-16000 (above, manufactured by Heelscher). These high-power ultrasonic irradiation devices are used at a frequency of 25 kHz or less, preferably 15 to 20 kHz.
- a method using a static mixer, a microchannel, a micromixer, a membrane emulsifier, etc. that does not have an external stirring unit and requires only low energy is also a useful method.
- the temperature conditions for emulsifying and dispersing in the present invention are not particularly limited, but are preferably 10 to 100 ° C. from the viewpoint of the stability of the functional oil component, and depending on the melting point of the functional oil component to be handled, A preferable range can be appropriately selected.
- the pressure is preferably 50 MPa or more, more preferably 50 MPa to 280 MPa, still more preferably 100 MPa to 280 MPa.
- the oil-in-water emulsion composition obtained in the oil-in-water emulsion composition preparation step is dried to obtain a powder composition (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “powdering step”). May be included.
- the carotenoid containing composition as a powder composition can be obtained.
- the carotenoid-containing composition as the powder composition has storage stability in a powdered form, and is a crystalline carotenoid both in the powder composition and in the emulsion composition obtained by re-dissolving the powder composition in an aqueous medium. It is a composition in which crystallization of is suppressed.
- drying means used in the powdering step known drying means can be used, for example, natural drying, heat drying, hot air drying, high frequency drying, ultrasonic drying, vacuum drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, spray drying. Etc. These means may be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds.
- vacuum drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, and spray drying are preferable.
- the method of drying in vacuum reduced pressure
- maintaining the temperature below 0 degreeC or more and freezing temperature is also preferable.
- vacuum drying or vacuum drying it is preferable to dry while repeatedly concentrating while gradually increasing the degree of vacuum in order to avoid scattering due to bumping.
- lyophilization is preferred in which water is removed by sublimating ice from a frozen material.
- the drying process usually proceeds at 0 ° C. or less, usually around ⁇ 20 ° C. to ⁇ 50 ° C., so that the material does not undergo thermal denaturation, and the taste, color, nutritional value, shape in the condensation process A great merit is that the texture and the like can be easily restored to the state before drying.
- freeze dryers examples include freeze dryer VD-800F (Tytec Corp.), Flexi Dry MP (FTS Systems), Duratop Durastop (FTS Systems), Takara Vacuum Freeze Dryer Type A (Takara ETM Co., Ltd.), desktop freeze dryer FD-1000 (Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd.), vacuum freeze dryer FD-550 (Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd.), vacuum freeze dryer (Takara Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) ) And the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the spray drying method is particularly preferable as a drying means from the viewpoint of achieving both production efficiency and quality.
- Spray drying is a type of convection hot air drying.
- the liquid composition is sprayed as fine particles of several hundreds ⁇ m or less in hot air, and is recovered as a solid powder by falling inside the tower while being dried.
- the material is temporarily exposed to hot air, but because the exposure time is very short and the temperature does not rise excessively due to the latent heat of vaporization of water, heat denaturation of the material is unlikely to occur as in freeze-drying. Changes due to water are also small.
- spray dryer SD-1000 Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd.
- spray dryer L-8i Okawara Kako Co., Ltd.
- closed spray dryer CL-12 Okawara Kako
- Spray dryer ADL310 Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.
- mini spray dryer B-290 Buch
- PJ-MiniMax Powdering Japan
- PHARMASD Nelo
- fluidized bed granulator / dryer MP-01 Paulec Co., Ltd.
- fluidized bed built-in spray dryer FSD Naro Co., Ltd.
- the powder composition obtained by the production method of the present invention has a property of restoring water, that is, restoring the state of the oil-in-water emulsion composition before drying when re-dissolved (re-dispersed) in water. .
- the carotenoid-containing composition obtained by the production method of the present invention is an oil-in-water emulsion composition or a powder composition obtained by pulverizing it.
- the average particle size in the carotenoid-containing composition means the particle size of dispersed particles (oil droplets) in the emulsion composition in the case of an oil-in-water emulsion composition, and 1% by mass in the case of a powder composition. This means the particle diameter of dispersed particles (oil droplets) when an aqueous solution of (when re-dissolved) is used.
- the particle size of the dispersed particles can be measured with a commercially available particle size distribution meter.
- Emulsion particle size distribution measurement methods include optical microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, static light scattering, laser diffraction, dynamic light scattering, centrifugal sedimentation, electricity
- a pulse measurement method, a chromatography method, an ultrasonic attenuation method, and the like are known, and apparatuses corresponding to the respective principles are commercially available.
- the dynamic light scattering method is preferred for measuring the particle size of the dispersed particles in the present invention.
- Commercially available measuring devices using dynamic light scattering include Nanotrac UPA (Nikkiso Co., Ltd.), dynamic light scattering type particle size distribution measuring device LB-550 (Horiba, Ltd.), and a concentrated particle size analyzer.
- FPAR-1000 (Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) and the like can be mentioned.
- FPAR-1000 Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.
- a value measured at 25 ° C. using a particle size analyzer FPAR-1000 (Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) is adopted.
- the method for measuring the particle diameter is 20 times diluted with pure water in the case of an oil-in-water emulsion composition, and diluted with pure water so that the solid content concentration is 1% by mass in the case of a powder composition.
- To obtain the median diameter (d 50) using a particle size analyzer FPAR-1000 (Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.).
- the particle diameter of the dispersed particles can be adjusted by factors such as the stirring conditions (shearing force, temperature, pressure) in the production method and the ratio of the oil phase to the water phase.
- the particle size of the carotenoid-containing composition in the present invention is preferably 50 nm to 300 nm from the viewpoint of transparency and absorbency, more preferably 50 nm to 200 nm, and most preferably 50 nm to 150 nm from the viewpoint of transparency. It is.
- a carotenoid-containing composition containing at least one crystalline carotenoid, wherein at least 90% by mass of the crystalline carotenoid is present in the composition in an amorphous state.
- the carotenoid component contained in the carotenoid-containing composition may be such that at least 90 to 100% by mass of the crystalline carotenoid is amorphous, and 95 to 100% by mass is amorphous in terms of dynamic absorption. preferable.
- Whether the crystalline carotenoid is amorphous may be confirmed using a known means for detecting the crystal structure. When the detection of the crystal cannot be confirmed by these known techniques, it can be made amorphous. In particular, in the present invention, it is preferable to confirm that the material is amorphous based on the presence of a DSC endothermic peak. Specifically, DSC Q2000 (TA Instruments Japan Co., Ltd.) was used. The emulsion was lyophilized to remove moisture, and the powder composition was in powder form. The endothermic and exothermic temperatures are obtained in one cycle of temperature rise / fall (15 ° C / min) in the temperature range of from ° C to 200 ° C, and a non-crystalline state is obtained when there is no recognizable endothermic peak.
- DSC Q2000 T Instruments Japan Co., Ltd.
- the fact that at least 90% by mass of the crystalline carotenoid contained in the carotenoid component is amorphous is derived from the carotenoid crystal in the carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This can be confirmed by comparing the endothermic amount of the endothermic peak with the endothermic amount of the endothermic peak of the carotenoid crystal preparation.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the crystalline carotenoid can be confirmed to be amorphous by comparing the spectrum of the carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention obtained by X-ray diffraction with the spectrum of the carotenoid crystal preparation.
- the content ratio of amorphous crystalline carotenoid was obtained by DSC peak area and XRD (X-ray diffraction), using a carotenoid reagent which is a crystalline product available as a commercial product and setting this as 100%. Can be converted.
- Examples of commercially available carotenoid reagents that are crystalline include biochemical reagents available from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention is a carotenoid-containing composition in which the crystallization of the crystalline carotenoid is suppressed and the expected effect of the carotenoid is sufficiently expected. For this reason, it can be preferably applied to food compositions, cosmetic compositions, and pharmaceutical compositions. Moreover, the component which can be added to foodstuffs or cosmetics can be suitably added to the foodstuffs or cosmetics containing the emulsion composition of this invention as needed. In particular, when used in foods, it can be stored for a long period of time as a powdered food, and when dissolved in an aqueous medium, a dispersion composition having fine dispersed particles and excellent transparency is obtained. Foods, cosmetics, and the like containing the carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention can exhibit effects that may not be sufficiently exhibited due to the presence of crystals, for example, good carotenoid absorption.
- a cosmetic composition for example, a lotion, a cosmetic liquid, an emulsion, a cream pack / mask, a pack, a cosmetic for hair washing, a fragrance cosmetic, a liquid body cleansing agent, a UV care cosmetic, a deodorant cosmetic, an oral care cosmetic, etc. used.
- a cosmetic composition for example, a lotion, a cosmetic liquid, an emulsion, a cream pack / mask, a pack, a cosmetic for hair washing, a fragrance cosmetic, a liquid body cleansing agent, a UV care cosmetic, a deodorant cosmetic, an oral care cosmetic, etc. used.
- food not only general foods such as nutritional drinks, nourishing tonics, palatability drinks, and frozen desserts, but also nutritional supplements such as tablets, granules, and capsules are preferably used.
- the amount of the powder composition according to the present invention varies depending on the type and purpose of the product and cannot be specified unconditionally, but is 0.01 to 10% by mass relative to the product, Preferably, it can be added and used in a range of 0.05 to 5% by mass. If the added amount is 0.01% by mass or more, the desired effect can be expected, and if it is 10% by mass or less, the appropriate effect can often be exhibited efficiently.
- Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of oil phase composition> The oil phase components (excluding mixed tocopherols) shown below were adjusted so as to be in the range of room temperature to 160 ° C. to 165 ° C., and stirred and dissolved while heating for 20 minutes to obtain a carotenoid-containing oil phase composition. . The obtained carotenoid-containing oil phase composition was adjusted to 60 ° C. and kept warm, and mixed tocopherol was added while stirring to obtain an oil phase composition 1.
- ⁇ Preparation of aqueous phase composition The water phase components shown below were dissolved by mixing and stirring while heating at 70 ° C., and then coarsely dispersed for 90 seconds with a 600 W ultrasonic homogenizer (US-150T manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). An aqueous composition 1 was obtained.
- the obtained emulsion 1 was then spray-dried (spray dryer ADL310 type, manufactured by Yamato Kagaku) under the conditions of a spray pressure of 0.15 MPa, an outlet temperature of 80 ° C., and a throughput of 7 ml / min. Drying was performed, and the powder was collected with a cyclone to obtain a powder composition 1 having a lycopene concentration of 3%.
- Examples 2-5, Comparative Examples 1-2 Except that the types and contents of the oil phase component and the water phase component were changed as shown in Table 1, oil phase compositions 2 to 5, 7 to 8 and water phase compositions 2 to 5 were the same as in Example 1. 7-8 were obtained. In the same manner as in Example 1, emulsification was performed using oil phase compositions 2 to 5, 7 to 8 and aqueous phase compositions 2 to 5 and 7 to 8, and emulsions 2 to 5 and 7 to 8 were obtained. Obtained. Further, spray drying was performed to obtain powder compositions 2 to 5 and 7 to 8.
- Example 6 The composition of each phase was prepared and emulsified in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and contents of the oil phase component and the water phase component were changed as shown in Table 1, and spray drying was not performed. Emulsion 6 was obtained.
- Example 3 The same as in Example 1 except that the types and contents of the oil phase component and the water phase component were changed as shown in Table 1, and the oil phase composition was prepared without mixing by simply mixing the oil phase component. Then, the composition of each phase was prepared, emulsified and spray-dried to obtain a powder composition 9.
- the powder composition 10 was prepared by carrying out preparation, emulsification and spray drying of each phase composition in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the heat treatment for preparing the oil phase composition was set at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes. Got.
- the powder composition was similarly diluted 5.65 times with pure water and sufficiently dissolved to have a 0.005% volume lycopene concentration, and 1062 times diluted with acetone and sufficiently dissolved.
- the absorbance (465 nm to 475 nm) of the maximum peak wavelength of the filtrate was measured with a spectrophotometer V-630 (manufactured by JASCO Corporation).
- the emulsion was diluted 708 times with acetone so that a lycopene concentration of 0.005% by volume was obtained, while the powder composition was sufficiently diluted 5.65 times with pure water.
- the residual ratio was measured in the same manner as in Examples 1, 3 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, except that the sample was dissolved in 708 and diluted 708 times with acetone to be sufficiently dissolved.
- the evaluation was carried out by diluting lycopene 18 with acetone so that the lycopene concentration was 0.005% by volume, and measuring the absorbance at the peak wavelength in the same manner. The ratio when this lycopene absorbance was taken as 100% was the lycopene of each composition. The remaining rate was.
- the lycopene 18 was heat-treated at a temperature higher than the melting point of the lycopene 18 together with the polyglycerol fatty acid ester having 1 to 6 glycerin units and 1 to 5 fatty acid units.
- the carotenoid-containing compositions of Examples 1 to 6 for which the compositions were prepared were compositions in which crystallization was suppressed because no DSC endothermic peak was observed in either the emulsion form or the powder form. .
- the content of lycopene-derived crystals is measured, but the content of carotenoid crystals other than lycopene can also be measured in the same manner as lycopene.
- the carotenoid-containing compositions of Examples 1 to 6 all showed excellent lycopene absorbability, and the carotenoid-containing composition exhibiting high absorbency with suppressed lycopene crystallization. It was clear that it was a composition.
- a carotenoid-containing composition in which crystallization is suppressed can be produced even for a composition containing a highly crystalline carotenoid.
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Abstract
Description
カロチノイドを含む乳化組成物として具体的には、水相に少なくとも1種の水溶性乳化剤を含有し、油相にトコフェロール及びレシチンを含有するカロチノイド含有エマルジョン組成物(特開2008-13751号公報参照。)や、食品用カロチノイド系色素とポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの組成物が微粒子化され、その可視部の極大吸収波長での吸光度が1のとき、660nmにおける透過率が99%以上である食品用カロチノイド系色素可溶化液製剤(特開平10-120933号公報参照)、更には、カロチノイド類を油脂に溶解してなる油相をポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル及びレシチンの存在下に多価アルコールを含む水相に乳化してなり、かつ上記油相の平均粒子径が100nm以下であるカロチノイド含有組成物(特開平9-157159号公報参照)等が知られている。
従って、本発明の第1の観点は、結晶性カロチノイドを含有する組成物であっても、結晶化が抑制されたカロチノイド含有組成物を製造する方法を提供することを課題とする。
また、本発明の第2の観点は、結晶性カロチノイドを非結晶の状態で安定して含有し得るカロチノイド含有組成物を提供することを課題とする。
[1] 少なくとも1種の結晶性カロチノイドを含むカロチノイド成分と、グリセリン単位が1~6であり脂肪酸単位の数が1~6であって、グリセリン単位の水酸基を少なくとも1つ有する(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルとを含む油相成分混合液を、前記カロチノイド成分の融点以上の温度条件で加熱して、カロチノイド含有油相組成物を得ること、及び、乳化剤を含有する水相組成物と、前記カロチノイド含有油相組成物とを加圧乳化して、水中油型乳化組成物を得ること、を含む、カロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
[2] 前記結晶性カロチノイドがリコピンである[1]に記載の粉末組成物。
[3] 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの分子量が10000以下である[1]又は[2]記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
[4] 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの全質量が、前記結晶性カロチノイドの全質量の0.01倍~10倍である[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
[5] 前記加熱の前に、前記油相成分混合液に酸化防止剤を含有させることを含む[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
[6] 前記酸化防止剤が、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸エステル及びこれらの塩からなる群より選択された少なくとも一種である[5]に記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
[7] 前記酸化防止剤の全質量が、結晶性カロチノイドの全質量の0.05倍~50倍である[5]又は[6]に記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
[8] 更に、果糖単位を少なくとも2つ含む糖単位からなる糖ポリマーおよびオリゴマーから選択された少なくとも一種の水溶性包括剤を含む[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
[9] 前記水溶性包括剤の全質量が、前記カロチノイド成分を含む油性成分の全質量に対して0.5倍~50倍量である[8]記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
[10] 前記水相組成物に含まれる乳化剤の全質量が、前記カロチノイド成分を含む油性成分の合計質量の0.1倍~10倍である[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載のいずれかに記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
[11] 前記水中油型乳化組成物を乾燥して粉末組成物を得ることを更に含む[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載のいずれかに記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
[12] 前記水中油型乳化組成物又は前記粉末組成物を再溶解させて得られた再溶解水中油型乳化物の平均粒子径が50nm~300nmである[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
[13] 少なくとも1種の結晶性カロチノイドを含み、当該結晶性カロチノイドの少なくとも90質量%が非結晶であるカロチノイド成分と、グリセリン単位が1~6であり脂肪酸単位の数が1~6であって、グリセリン単位の水酸基を少なくとも1つ有する(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルと、を含むカロチノイド含有組成物。
また、本発明の第2の観点によれは、結晶性カロチノイドを非結晶の状態で安定して含有し得るカロチノイド含有組成物が提供される。
本発明において、組成物中の各成分の量について言及する場合、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合には、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
本明細書において「(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステル」との表現には、グリセリン単位及び脂肪酸単位をそれぞれ1つずつ含むグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、いずれか一方を複数含むグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、いずれも複数含むグリセリン脂肪酸エステルのすべてが包含され、これらのグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを区別せずに用いる場合に使用される。
以下、本発明について説明する。
本発明の製造方法において、カロチノイド含有油相組成物調製工程で得られるカロチノイド含有油相組成物は、少なくとも1種の結晶性カロチノイドを含むカロチノイド成分と所定の(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルとを含む油相成分混合液から調製される。
リコピン(場合によって、「リコペン(lycopene)」と称される場合がある)は、化学式C40H56(分子量536.87)のカロチノイドであり、カロチノイドの一種カロテン類に属している。474nm(アセトン)に吸収極大を示す赤色色素である。
リコピンには、分子中央の共役二重結合のcis-、trans-の異性体も存在し、例えば、全trans-、9-cis体と13-cis体などが挙げられるが、本発明においては、これらのいずれであってもよい。
リコピンは、天然においては、トマト、柿、スイカ、ピンクグレープフルーツに含まれており、上記のリコピン含有オイルはこれらの天然物から分離・抽出されたものであってもよい。
また、本発明で用いられるリコピンは、前記抽出物、また、更にこの抽出物を必要に応じて適宜精製したものでもよく、また、合成品であってもよい。
本発明においては、リコピンとしては、トマトから抽出されたものが、品質、生産性の点から特に好ましい。
このような特定の(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルであれば、結晶性カロチノイドとの相溶性が高く、共溶解物としてカロチノイド含有油相組成物を構成した場合に、結晶性カロチノイドの結晶化を抑制しうる。グリセリン単位が7以上の(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルでは、親水性が高まりカロチノイドとの親和性が低くなり、一方、脂肪酸単位の数が7以上の(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルでは、カロチノイドの結晶抑制効果が期待できない。また、グリセリン単位の水酸基を含まない(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、例えば、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド等では、理由は定かではないがカロチノイドの結晶化を充分に抑制できなく、一定量の水酸基が必要であり、カロチノイドの結晶抑制効果が期待できない。
これらの中でも、共溶解時における均一溶解性の観点から、分子量が10000以下であることが好ましく、3000以下であることがより好ましく、2500以下であることが更に好ましい。また、カロチノイドとの親和性の観点から、HLBが9以下であることが好ましく、6以下であることがより好ましい。
このような酸化防止剤としては、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸エステル及びこれらの塩から選択された少なくとも1種であることが結晶性カロチノイドの確実な分解抑制の観点から好ましい。このような酸化防止剤(以下、「アスコルビン酸系酸化防止剤」と称する場合がある)を用いることよって、結晶性カロチノイドの加熱による分解(例えば、酸化分解等)を確実に抑制して、カロチノイド含有組成物の製造工程における結晶性カロチノイドの減少を抑えることができる。
これらのアスコルビン酸系酸化防止剤は、単体で油相成分混合液に含まれていてもよく、水溶液の形態で油相成分混合液に配合してもよい。このような水溶液のアスコルビン酸系酸化防止剤濃度としては、特に制限はないが、一般に0.05質量%~5質量%とすることが酸化防止の観点から好ましい。
油相成分混合液を加熱するときの温度は、カロチノイド成分の融点以上の温度であることが必要である。カロチノイド成分の融点未満では、結晶性カロチノイドが溶解せず、多量の結晶体がカロチノイド含有組成物に存在することになる。
このような加熱処理によって、カロチノイド成分及びポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含む油相成分混合液からカロチノイド含有油相組成物を得ることができる。
このような他の油性成分としては、その他の油性成分としては、水性媒体に溶解せず、油性媒体に溶解する成分であれば、特に限定はなく、目的に応じた物性や機能性を有するものを適宜選択して使用することができ、例えば、非結晶性のカロチノイド類、不飽和脂肪酸類、ココナッツ油等の油脂類、トコフェロール等の脂溶性ビタミン、ユビキノン類が好ましく用いられる。
ユビキノン類としては、コエンザイムQ10のようなコエンザイムQ類等が挙げられる。
トコトリエノール及びその誘導体からなる化合物群としては、α-トコトリエノール、β-トコトリエノール、γ-トコトリエノール、δ-トコトリエノール等が含まれる。また、トコトリエノール誘導体としては、これらの酢酸エステルが好ましく用いられる。
前記液体の油脂としては、例えばオリーブ油、ツバキ油、マカデミアナッツ油、ヒマシ油、アボガド油、月見草油、タートル油、トウモロコシ油、ミンク油、ナタネ油、卵黄油、ゴマ油、パーシック油、小麦胚芽油、サザンカ油、アマニ油、サフラワー油、綿実油、エノ油、大豆油、落花生油、茶実油、カヤ油、コメヌカ油、シナギリ油、日本キリ油、ホホバ油、胚芽油、トリグリセリン、トリオクタン酸グリセリン、トリイソパルチミン酸グリセリン、サラダ油、サフラワー油(ベニバナ油)、パーム油、ココナッツ油、ピーナッツ油、アーモンド油、ヘーゼルナッツ油、ウォルナッツ油、グレープシード油、スクワレン、スクワラン等が挙げられる。
また、前記固体の油脂としては、牛脂、硬化牛脂、牛脚脂、牛骨脂、ミンク油、卵黄油、豚脂、馬脂、羊脂、硬化油、カカオ脂、ヤシ油、硬化ヤシ油、パーム油、パーム硬化油、モクロウ、モクロウ核油、硬化ヒマシ油等が挙げられる。
上記の中でも、エマルション組成物の粒子径、安定性の観点から、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライドであるココナッツ油が好ましく用いられる。
カロチノイド含有油相組成物中に、前記トコフェロール類を併用する場合には、好ましくは、油性成分の全質量の5質量%~35質量%、より好ましくは7質量%~20質量%の範囲で併用することができる。
本発明の製造方法における水中油型乳化物調製工程では、水溶性乳化剤を含有する水相組成物と、前記カロチノイド含有油相組成物とを加圧乳化して、水中油型乳化組成物を得る。
本発明のカロチノイド含有組成物を得るために用いられる水相組成物は、水性媒体、特に水で構成されており、少なくとも乳化剤を含むものである。
また、本発明における乳化剤は、乳化力の観点から、HLBが10以上であることが好ましく、12以上が更に好ましい。HLBが低すぎると、乳化力が不十分となることがある。なお、抑泡効果の観点からHLB=5以上10未満の乳化剤を併用してもよい。
ここで、HLBは、通常界面活性剤の分野で使用される親水性-疎水性のバランスで、通常用いる計算式、例えば川上式等が使用できる。川上式を次に示す。
HLB=7+11.7log(Mw/M0)
ここで、Mwは親水基の分子量、M0は疎水基の分子量である。
また、カタログ等に記載されているHLBの数値を使用してもよい。
また、上記の式からも分かるように、HLBの加成性を利用して、任意のHLB値の乳化剤を得ることができる。
また、乳化剤の総質量は、粉末組成物及び乳化組成物の形態のいずれにおいても、カロチノイド成分を含む油性成分の合計質量の0.1倍~10倍の範囲で用いることができ、分散粒子の微細化と発泡抑制の点から、0.5倍~8倍が好ましく、0.8倍~5倍が特に好ましい。この範囲内であれば、組成物の分散安定性を良好なものにすることができる。
本発明においては、これらのショ糖脂肪酸エステルを、単独又は混合して用いることができる。
ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの好ましい例としては、ヘキサグリセリンモノオレイン酸エステル、ヘキサグリセリンモノステアリン酸エステル、ヘキサグリセリンモノパルミチン酸エステル、ヘキサグリセリンモノミリスチン酸エステル、ヘキサグリセリンモノラウリン酸エステル、デカグリセリンモノオレイン酸エステル、デカグリセリンモノステアリン酸エステル、デカグリセリンモノパルミチン酸エステル、デカグリセリンモノミリスチン酸エステル、デカグリセリンモノラウリン酸エステル等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、より好ましくは、デカグリセリンモノオレイン酸エステル(HLB=12)、デカグリセリンモノステアリン酸エステル(HLB=12)、デカグリセリンモノパルミチン酸エステル(HLB=13)、デカグリセリンモノミリスチン酸エステル(HLB=14)、デカグリセリンモノラウリン酸エステル(HLB=16)などである。
これらのポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを、単独又は混合して用いることができる。
本発明においては、これらのソルビタン脂肪酸エステルを、単独又は混合して用いることができる。
ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステルの好ましい例としては、ポリオキシエチレンモノカプリル酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンモノラウリン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンモノステアリン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンセスキステアリン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレントリステアリン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンイソステアリン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンセスキイソステアリン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンオレイン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンセスキオレイン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレントリオレイン酸ソルビタン等が挙げられる。
これらのポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステルを、単独又は混合して用いることができる。
本発明に用いうるリン脂質は、グリセリン骨格と脂肪酸残基及びリン酸残基を必須構成成分とし、これに、塩基や多価アルコール等が結合したもので、レシチンとも称されるものである。リン脂質は、分子内に親水基と疎水基を有しているため、従来から、食品、医薬品、化粧品分野で、広く乳化剤として使用されている。
このようなリン脂質の具体例としては、例えば、大豆、トウモロコシ、落花生、ナタネ、麦等の植物や、卵黄、牛等の動物及び大腸菌等の微生物等から由来する各種レシチンを挙げることができる。
このようなレシチンを化合物名で例示すると、ホスファチジン酸、ホスファチジルグリセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルメチルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルセリン、ビスホスアチジン酸、ジホスファチジルグリセリン(カルジオリピン)等のグリセロレシチン;スフィンゴミエリン等のスフィンゴレシチン等を挙げることができる。
また、本発明においては、上記の高純度レシチン以外にも、水素添加レシチン、酵素分解レシチン、酵素分解水素添加レシチン、ヒドロキシレシチン等を使用することができる。本発明で用いることができるこれらのレシチンは、単独又は複数種の混合物の形態で用いることができる。
また、水溶性包括剤は、粉末組成物を水に再溶解したときには油性成分の水分散性を良好なものにすることができると共に、再溶解後の透明性も良好なものにすることができる。
本発明における果糖ポリマー又はオリゴマーは、果糖(フルクトース)を繰り返し単位として含むと共に、複数の糖単位が脱水縮合で結合した糖単位からなるポリマー又はオリゴマーを指す。本発明では、果糖単位を含む糖の繰り返し単位が20個未満のものを果糖オリゴマー、20個以上のものを果糖ポリマーと称する。
果糖以外の糖類を含む場合、その含有比率は乾燥適性と再溶解性時の油滴微細化の観点から果糖単位数に対して重合度で50%以下であり、好ましくは30%以下である。
通常天然から抽出されるイヌリンは、GF2(ケストース)、GF3(ニストース)、GF4(フラクトシルニストース)からGF60程度までのポリマーかオリゴマー、またはそれらの混合物である。
また、本発明における果糖オリゴマー及びポリマーには、β-フルクトフラノシダーゼのフラクタン転移活性を利用して、ショ糖(スクロース)から調製するものも含むことができる。この例としては、フジFF(フジ日本精糖(株)製)、GF2(明治製菓(株))を挙げることができる。
本発明の果糖ポリマー又はオリゴマーは、乳化時に添加されていることが好ましいが、その一部または全部を乳化後に添加することもできる。
なお、水溶性包括剤は、カロチノイド含有組成物の水相に含まれていればよく、後述する加圧乳化の際に水相組成物として含まれていてもよく、加圧乳化後のカロチノイド含有組成物の水相に添加してもよい。
上記成分の他、食品、化粧品等の分野において通常用いられる成分を、本発明のカロチノイド含有組成物に、当該組成物の形態に応じて適宜配合してもよい。添加成分は、添加成分の特性によって、油相成分混合液、カロチノイド含有油相組成物又は水相組成物の成分として配合してもよく、カロチノイド含有組成物の水相への添加成分として配合してもよい。
その他、例えば、種々の薬効成分、pH調整剤、pH緩衝剤、紫外線吸収剤、防腐剤、香料、着色剤など、通常、その用途で使用される他の添加物を併用することができる。
本発明のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法では、カロチノイド含有油相組成物調製工程において得られたカロチノイド含有油相組成物と、水相組成物とを、水中油型乳化組成物調製工程において加圧乳化して、水中油型乳化組成物としてのカロチノイド含有組成物を得る。
これにより、結晶性カロチノイドを含む油性成分を含む油滴(分散粒子)が水中に微細分散された水中油滴型乳化物であり、カロチノイドの結晶化が抑制されたカロチノイド含有組成物が得られる。
油相/水相比率を0.1/99.9以上とすることにより、有効成分が低くならないためエマルション組成物の実用上の問題が生じない傾向となり好ましい。また、油相/水相比率を50/50以下とすることにより、乳化剤濃度が薄くなることがなく、乳化組成物の乳化安定性が悪化しない傾向となり好ましい。
具体的には、剪断作用を利用する通常の乳化装置(例えば、スターラーやインペラー攪拌、ホモミキサー、連続流通式剪断装置等)を用いて乳化するという1ステップの乳化操作に加えて、高圧ホモジナイザー等を通して乳化する等の方法で2種以上の乳化装置を併用するのが特に好ましい。高圧ホモジナイザーを使用することで、乳化物を更に均一な微粒子の液滴に揃えることができる。また、更に均一な粒子径の液滴とする目的で複数回行ってもよい。
高圧ホモジナイザーには大きく分けて、固定した絞り部を有するチャンバー型高圧ホモジナイザーと、絞りの開度を制御するタイプの均質バルブ型高圧ホモジナイザーがある。
チャンバー型高圧ホモジナイザーの例としては、マイクロフルイダイザー(マイクロフルイディクス社製)、ナノマイザー(吉田機械興業(株)製)、アルティマイザー((株)スギノマシン製)等が挙げられる。
均質バルブ型高圧ホモジナイザーとしては、ゴーリンタイプホモジナイザー(APV社製)、ラニエタイプホモジナイザー(ラニエ社製)、高圧ホモジナイザー(ニロ・ソアビ社製)、ホモゲナイザー(三和機械(株)製)、高圧ホモゲナイザー(イズミフードマシナリ(株)製)、超高圧ホモジナイザー(イカ社製)等が挙げられる。
また、本発明において高圧ホモジナイザーを用いる場合には、その圧力は、好ましくは50MPa以上、より好ましくは50MPa~280MPa、更に好ましくは100MPa~280MPaで処理することが好ましい。
また、乳化分散された組成物である乳化液はチャンバー通過直後30秒以内、好ましくは3秒以内に何らかの冷却器を通して冷却することが、分散粒子の粒子径保持の観点から好ましい。
本発明では熱に比較的弱い機能性素材を含むことが多いため、減圧乾燥、真空乾燥、凍結乾燥、噴霧乾燥が好ましい。また、真空乾燥の一つであるが、0℃以下氷結温度以上の温度を保ちながら真空(減圧)乾燥する方法も好ましい。
真空乾燥又は減圧乾燥する場合、突沸による飛散を回避するため、徐々に減圧度を上げながら濃縮を繰り返しつつ、乾燥させることが好ましい。
市販の凍結乾燥機の例としては、凍結乾燥機VD-800F(タイテック(株))、フレキシドライMP(FTSシステムズ社)、デュラトップ・デュラストップ(FTSシステムズ社)、宝真空凍結乾燥機A型((株)宝エーテーエム)、卓上凍結乾燥機FD-1000(東京理化器械(株))、真空凍結乾燥機FD-550(東京理化器械(株))、真空凍結乾燥機((株)宝製作所)等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない。
また、例えば流動層造粒乾燥機MP-01((株)パウレック)、流動層内蔵型スプレードライヤFSD(ニロ社)等のように。乾燥と造粒とを同時に行える装置で、乾燥と同時に取り扱い性の優れた顆粒状にすることも好ましい。
カロチノイド含有組成物における平均粒径は、水中油型乳化組成物の場合には、乳化組成物中の分散粒子(油滴)の粒径を意味し、粉末組成物の場合には、1質量%の水溶液としたとき(再溶解時)の分散粒子(油滴)粒径を意味する。
即ち、粒径の測定方法は、水中油型乳化組成物の場合には純水で20倍に希釈し、粉末組成物の場合には固形分濃度が1質量%となるように純水で希釈を行い、粒径アナライザーFPAR-1000(大塚電子(株))を用いてメジアン径(d=50)として求める。
なお、結晶性カロチノイドが非結晶であることは、X線回折により得られた本発明のカロチノイド含有組成物のスペクトルを、カロチノイド結晶標品のスペクトルと比較することによっても確認することができる。
また、本発明のエマルション組成物を含有する食品又は化粧品には、必要に応じて、食品又は化粧品に添加可能な成分を適宜添加することができる。特に食品に用いた場合には、粉末状の食品として長期保存が可能であり、水性媒体に溶解したときには、微細な分散粒子を有する透明性に優れた分散組成物となる。
本発明のカロチノイド含有組成物を含む食品、化粧品等は、結晶体の存在に起因して充分に発揮されない場合がある効果、例えばカロチノイドの良好な吸収性を示し得る。
また、食品としては、栄養ドリンク、滋養強壮剤、嗜好性飲料、冷菓などの一般的な食品類のみならず、錠剤状・顆粒状・カプセル状の栄養補助食品なども好適に使用される。
機能性食品として用いられる場合には、本発明にかかる粉末組成物の添加量は、製品の種類や目的などによって異なり一概には規定できないが、製品に対して、0.01~10質量%、好ましくは、0.05~5質量%の範囲となるように添加して用いることができる。添加量が0.01質量%以上であれば目的の効果の発揮が期待でき、10質量%以下であれば、適切な効果を効率よく発揮できることが多い。
<油相組成物の調製>
下記に示される油相成分(ミックストコフェロールを除く)を、室温から160℃~165℃の範囲となるように調整し、20分間加熱しながら攪拌溶解して、カロチノイド含有油相組成物を得た。得られたカロチノイド含有油相組成物を、60℃に調整して保温し、攪拌しながらミックストコフェロールを添加して油相組成物1を得た。
<水相組成物の調製>
下記に示される水相成分を、70℃で加熱しながら、混合攪拌して溶解した後、600W超音波ホモジナイザー((株)日本精機製作所社製 US-150T)にて90秒間、粗分散して、水性組成物1を得た。
・リコピンペースト(リコピン濃度18%) 8.9g
・モノステアリン酸ジグリセリル 0.9g
・アスコルビン酸カルシウム50%溶液 7.1g
・ミックストコフェロール 1.3g
・ショ糖ラウリン酸エステル 11.1g
・レシチン 1.8g
・イヌリン 25.6g
・水 246.9g
油相組成物1を攪拌しながら60℃に保温し、これに、上記で作製し70℃に保温された水相組成物1を添加して、600W超音波ホモジナイザーにて3分間分散を行い、粗分散乳化物1を得た(リコピン濃度0.53%)。
次いで、粗分散乳化物1を、スターバーストミニ(株式会社スギノマシン製)を用いて、245MPaの圧力及び30℃での高圧乳化処理を4回繰り返して、乳化物1を得た。
油相成分及び水相成分の種類及び含有量を表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして油相組成物2~5、7~8及び水相組成物2~5、7~8を得た。実施例1と同様にして、油相組成物2~5、7~8と、水相組成物2~5、7~8とを用いて乳化を行って乳化物2~5、7~8を得た。更に噴霧乾燥を行って、粉末組成物2~5、7~8を得た。
なお、表1中、トリ(カプリル酸・カプロン酸)グリセリンはココナードMT(HLB=1、花王(株)製)、ペンタステアリン酸ヘキサグリセリルはHexaglyn 5-SV(グリセリン数7、ステアリン酸数5、日光ケミカルズ(株)製)、リン酸アスコルビン酸マグネシウムはアスコルビン酸PM(昭和電工(株)製)、モノステアリン酸デカグリセリルはDecaglyn1-SV(グリセリン数10、ステアリン酸数1、HLB=12.0、日光ケミカルズ(株))をそれぞれ使用した。
油相成分及び水相成分の種類及び含有量を表1に示すように変更し、噴霧乾燥を行わなかった以外は、実施例1と同様に各相の組成物の調製と乳化を行って、乳化物6を得た。
なお、表1中、モノステアリン酸グリセリルは、MGS-F50V(グリセリン数1、ステアリン酸数1、日光ケミカルズ(株)製HLB=3.5、)、モノラウリン酸デカグリセリルは、Decaglyn1-L(グリセリン数10、ラウリン酸数1、HLB=15.5、日光ケミカルズ(株))を使用し、グリセリンは花王(株)製を使用した。
油相成分及び水相成分の種類及び含有量を表1に示すように変更し、油相成分を混合したのみで加熱を行わずに油相組成物を調製した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各相の組成物の調製、乳化及び噴霧乾燥を行って、粉末組成物9を得た。
油相組成物を調製する際の加熱処理を70℃で30分間とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各相の組成物の調製、乳化及び噴霧乾燥を行って、粉末組成物10を得た。
乾燥工程前の乳化物と、得られた粉末組成物の評価は、以下のとおりに行った。また、比較例5として、リコピン18のみの場合も評価した。これらの評価結果を表2に示す。
(1)DSC吸熱ピーク温度
DSC Q2000(ティー・エイ・インスツルメント・ジャパン(株))を使用し、乳化物のものは凍結乾燥し水分を除去して、粉末組成物のものは粉末状態で、30℃~200℃の温度範囲で昇温-降温(15℃/min)の1サイクルで吸熱、発熱温度を求めた。
(2)偏光顕微鏡観察による結晶評価
PCLIPSE LV100POL ((株)ニコン)を使用して、乳化物のものは乳化物として、粉末組成物のものは水で溶解して目視にて観察した。目視観察の評価結果は、以下のとおりに行った。なお、A又はBの評価は、結晶性カロチノイドの少なくとも90質量%以上が非結晶であることに相当する。
目視評価 A:リコピン由来の結晶が殆ど認められない
B~A:僅かにリコピン由来の結晶が認められる程度
B:リコピン由来の結晶が散在するがわずか。
C:観察画像一面にリコピン由来の結晶が存在する
水相成分及び油相成分により得られた乳化物中の分散粒子の平均粒径は、純水で20倍希釈し、また粉末組成物は固形分濃度が1%となるように純水で希釈して、それぞれ、粒子径アナライザー FPARE-1000(大塚電子(株))を用いて25℃でのd=50の値を平均粒子径として読み取った。
(4)リコピン残存率
実施例1、3~6及び比較例1~4の乳化物又は粉末組成物の場合は、0.005容量%のリコピン濃度となるように、乳化物は、アセトンで1062倍希釈して充分に溶解させた。一方、粉末組成物は、同様に0.005%容量リコピン濃度となるように純水にて5.65倍希釈し充分に溶解させ、アセトンで1062倍希釈し充分に溶解させた。ついで、0.45μmのフィルタで濾過した後、その濾過物の最大ピーク波長の吸光度(465nm~475nm)を、分光光度計V-630(日本分光(株)製)で測定した。
なお、実施例2の場合は、0.005容量%のリコピン濃度となるように、乳化物はアセトンで708倍希釈し、一方、粉末組成物は、純水にて5.65倍希釈し充分に溶解させ、アセトンで708倍希釈し充分に溶解する以外は、実施例1,3~6及び比較例1~4同様に行って、残存率を測定した。
評価は、リコピン18をリコピン濃度0.005容量%となるようにアセトンで希釈して同様にピーク波長の吸光度を測定し、このリコピンの吸光度を100%とした時の割合を各組成物のリコピンの残存率とした。
実施例1~6、比較例1~5の乳化物又は粉末組成物(比較例5は、ココナードMTでリコピン濃度2mg/mlに調整した希釈物)を、リコピン濃度2mg/mlに希釈して、非絶食6週齢の雄ラットに、10ml/kgの投与容量で経口投与(各群n=4)し、投与後、1、2、3、4、6、8、24h後に各0.4mlの血液を採取した。採取した血液を遠心分離し上澄みの血漿を0.1ml取り出た。この血漿を、アセトン溶解させた後に、ヘキサンを加えて静置し、上澄み液を回収した。回収した上澄み液を固化乾燥させた後に、クロロホルム/メタノール=1/1(vl/vl)に再溶解させて、HPLCHPLCにてリコピンの含量を求めた。
投与から採血までの時間と血漿中のリコピン濃度との関係をグラフ化し、それぞれの投与組成物について投与後から8時間のAUC(血中濃度-時間曲線下面積)を求め、動態吸収値とした。結果を下記表2に示す。この数値が大きいほど、血中の有効成分濃度が高いと評価する。
Claims (13)
- 少なくとも1種の結晶性カロチノイドを含むカロチノイド成分と、グリセリン単位が1~6であり脂肪酸単位の数が1~6であって、グリセリン単位の水酸基を少なくとも1つ有する(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルとを含む油相成分混合液を、前記カロチノイド成分の融点以上の温度条件で加熱して、カロチノイド含有油相組成物を得ること、及び、
乳化剤を含有する水相組成物と、前記カロチノイド含有油相組成物とを加圧乳化して、水中油型乳化組成物を得ること、
を含む、カロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。 - 前記結晶性カロチノイドがリコピンである請求項1記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
- 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの分子量が10000以下である請求項1又は請求項2記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
- 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの全質量が、前記結晶性カロチノイドの全質量の0.01倍~10倍である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
- 前記加熱の前に、前記油相成分混合液に酸化防止剤を含有させることを含む請求項1~請求項4のいずれか一項記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
- 前記酸化防止剤が、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸エステル及びこれらの塩からなる群より選択された少なくとも一種である請求項5記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
- 前記酸化防止剤の全質量が、結晶性カロチノイドの全質量の0.05倍~50倍である請求項5又は請求項6に記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
- 更に、果糖単位を少なくとも2つ含む糖単位からなる糖ポリマーおよびオリゴマーから選択された少なくとも一種の水溶性包括剤を含む請求項1~請求項7のいずれか一項記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
- 前記水溶性包括剤の全質量が、前記カロチノイド成分を含む油性成分の全質量に対して0.5倍~50倍である請求項8記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
- 前記水相組成物に含まれる乳化剤の全質量が、前記カロチノイド成分を含む油性成分の合計質量の0.1倍~10倍である請求項1~請求項9のいずれか一項記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
- 前記水中油型乳化組成物を乾燥して粉末組成物を得ることを更に含む請求項1~請求項10のいずれか一項記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
- 前記水中油型乳化組成物又は前記粉末組成物を再溶解させて得られた再溶解水中油型乳化物の平均粒子径が50nm~300nmである請求項1~請求項11のいずれか一項記載のカロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
- 少なくとも1種の結晶性カロチノイドを含み、当該結晶性カロチノイドの少なくとも90質量%が非結晶であるカロチノイド成分と、
グリセリン単位が1~6であり脂肪酸単位の数が1~6であって、グリセリン単位の水酸基を少なくとも1つ有する(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルと、
を含むカロチノイド含有組成物。
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EP11783593.4A EP2574337B1 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2011-05-18 | Carotenoid-containing composition and production method therefor |
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US20130071451A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
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