WO2012133005A1 - 脂肪低減剤 - Google Patents
脂肪低減剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012133005A1 WO2012133005A1 PCT/JP2012/057070 JP2012057070W WO2012133005A1 WO 2012133005 A1 WO2012133005 A1 WO 2012133005A1 JP 2012057070 W JP2012057070 W JP 2012057070W WO 2012133005 A1 WO2012133005 A1 WO 2012133005A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carotenoid
- fatty acid
- composition
- reducing agent
- acid ester
- Prior art date
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- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010930 zeaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001775 zeaxanthin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043269 zeaxanthin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RZFHLOLGZPDCHJ-XZXLULOTSA-N α-Tocotrienol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C RZFHLOLGZPDCHJ-XZXLULOTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019145 α-tocotrienol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011730 α-tocotrienol Substances 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019151 β-tocotrienol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011723 β-tocotrienol Substances 0.000 description 1
- FGYKUFVNYVMTAM-WAZJVIJMSA-N β-tocotrienol Chemical compound OC1=CC(C)=C2O[C@@](CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C FGYKUFVNYVMTAM-WAZJVIJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019150 γ-tocotrienol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011722 γ-tocotrienol Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTXNTMVVOOBZCV-WAZJVIJMSA-N γ-tocotrienol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 OTXNTMVVOOBZCV-WAZJVIJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019144 δ-tocotrienol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011729 δ-tocotrienol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODADKLYLWWCHNB-LDYBVBFYSA-N δ-tocotrienol Chemical compound OC1=CC(C)=C2O[C@@](CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 ODADKLYLWWCHNB-LDYBVBFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/01—Hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
- A23L33/12—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/40—Colouring or decolouring of foods
- A23L5/42—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners
- A23L5/43—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners using naturally occurring organic dyes or pigments, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/146—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fat reducing agent.
- JP 2009-535303 A proposes the use of a lycopene compound for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction. For example, normalization of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations using a lactolycopene preparation is proposed. Is described.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-269631 discloses that lycopene extracted from tomato oleoresin lowers the neutral fat concentration in the liver and blood.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a fat reducing agent containing a crystalline carotenoid and having a high effect of reducing the amount of accumulated fat.
- Embodiments of the present invention include the following.
- a carotenoid component containing at least one crystalline carotenoid, wherein at least 90% by mass of the crystalline carotenoid is amorphous, the number of glycerol units is 1 to 6, and the number of fatty acid units is 1 to 6.
- a fat reducing agent comprising a carotenoid-containing composition containing a (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester having at least one hydroxyl group of a glycerin unit as an active ingredient.
- the antioxidant contains at least one selected from ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid ester and salts thereof in a molar amount of 0.01 to 10 times the molar amount of the carotenoid component.
- the fat reducing agent of description [8] The fat reducing agent according to any one of [1] to [7], further containing an emulsifier.
- Nonionic surface activity wherein the emulsifier is selected from sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, organic acid monoglyceride, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyglycerin condensed ricinoleic acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester
- the carotenoid-containing composition is an oil-in-water composition in which an oil phase composition containing the carotenoid component and the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester is dispersed in water and an aqueous phase composition containing the emulsifier.
- the oil phase composition obtained by heating and an aqueous phase composition containing an emulsifier are pressure-emulsified to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion composition.
- a carotenoid-containing composition comprising a (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester having at least one hydroxyl group of a glycerin unit in the production of a fat reducing agent.
- the subject having a disease state that may be accompanied by an increase in the amount of accumulated fat, or a subject having a disease that may be accompanied by an increase in the amount of accumulated fat, the fat reducing agent according to any one of [1] to [11] A method for the prophylaxis or treatment of a disease state or disease involving fat accumulation, comprising administering.
- a fat reducing agent containing a crystalline carotenoid and having a high effect of reducing the amount of accumulated fat can be provided.
- the fat reducing agent of the present invention comprises at least one crystalline carotenoid, a carotenoid component in which at least 90% by mass of the crystalline carotenoid is in an amorphous state, 1 to 6 glycerin units, and fatty acid units.
- a fat reducing agent comprising a carotenoid-containing composition containing 1 to 6 and a (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester having at least one hydroxyl group of a glycerin unit as an active ingredient.
- the carotenoid-containing composition in the fat reducing agent contains a predetermined (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester and a crystalline carotenoid mainly in an amorphous state. It is possible to obtain a higher effect of reducing the amount of accumulated fat than in the case where the crystalline carotenoid in a state having high properties is included. That is, the fat reducing agent of the present invention can reduce fat such as neutral fat, subcutaneous fat and visceral fat, and in particular, neutral fat. Moreover, the fat reducing agent of the present invention can reduce the amount of fat in the body and reduce body weight.
- a numerical range indicated by using “to” indicates a range including the numerical values described before and after “to” as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the amount of each component in the composition when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to one component in the composition, the amount of the component is in the composition unless otherwise specified. It means the total amount of the plurality of substances present.
- the term “process” includes not only an independent process but also a process that cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes that achieve the intended effect of the process.
- fat reduction means a reduction in the amount of accumulated fat, and after use (intake) compared to before use (inoculation) of the present fat reducing agent, for example, in the blood, subcutaneous, viscera. This means that the amount of accumulated fat is reduced, or the increase in the amount of accumulated fat due to the accumulation of fat that can be accumulated is suppressed.
- the expression “(poly) glycerin fatty acid ester” includes a glycerin fatty acid ester containing one glycerin unit and one fatty acid unit, a glycerin fatty acid ester containing a plurality of either one, and a glycerin fatty acid ester containing a plurality of both.
- glycerin fatty acid esters are used indifferently. The present invention will be described below.
- the fat reducing agent of the present invention comprises at least one crystalline carotenoid, a carotenoid component in which at least 90% by mass of the crystalline carotenoid is in an amorphous state, 1 to 6 glycerin units, and fatty acid units.
- a carotenoid-containing composition containing 1 to 6 and a (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester having at least one hydroxyl group of a glycerin unit is used as an active ingredient.
- the form of the carotenoid-containing composition may be any form, and is an oil phase composition composed only of components that can constitute the oil phase (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “oil phase components”).
- oil phase composition and an aqueous phase composition composed of a predetermined water-soluble component and a component capable of constituting an aqueous phase (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “aqueous phase component”).
- aqueous phase component an oil-in-water emulsion composition obtained by emulsifying and mixing using an emulsifier may be used. From the viewpoint of absorbability in the body, an emulsion composition is preferred.
- the carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention can be used for fat reduction.
- the following are also contained in embodiment of this invention.
- a carotenoid-containing composition for reducing fat comprising a (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester having at least one hydroxyl group of a glycerin unit.
- the antioxidant contains at least one selected from ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid ester and salts thereof in a molar amount of 0.01 to 10 times the molar amount of the carotenoid component.
- Nonionic surface activity wherein the emulsifier is selected from sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, organic acid monoglyceride, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyglycerin condensed ricinoleic acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester
- the carotenoid-containing composition is an oil-in-water composition in which an oil phase composition containing the carotenoid component and the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester is dispersed in water and an aqueous phase composition containing the emulsifier.
- the carotenoid-containing composition for reducing fat according to [8] or [9].
- the carotenoid-containing composition for reducing fat according to [8] or [9] which is a powder composition obtained in the above manner.
- a method for producing a carotenoid-containing composition for reducing fat according to any one of [1] to [11], wherein an oil phase component mixed solution containing the carotenoid component and the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester is prepared. And heating the oil phase component mixture under a temperature condition equal to or higher than the melting point of the carotenoid component.
- a maximum temperature when the heating is performed is a temperature higher by 10 ° C. than a melting point of the carotenoid component.
- the oil phase composition obtained by heating and an aqueous phase composition containing an emulsifier are pressure-emulsified to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion composition.
- the carotenoid component in the carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention contains at least one crystalline carotenoid, and at least 90% by mass of the crystalline carotenoid is present in the carotenoid-containing composition in an amorphous state. Since the crystalline carotenoid contained in the carotenoid component is in an amorphous state, the effect of reducing the amount of accumulated fat can be exhibited well.
- the crystalline carotenoid is in an amorphous state by using a known means for detecting a crystal structure, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarization microscope observation, X-ray diffraction, etc. Can be confirmed.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- polarization microscope observation e.g., X-ray diffraction
- X-ray diffraction X-ray diffraction
- DSC Q2000 T Instruments Japan Co., Ltd.
- the emulsion was lyophilized to remove moisture, and the powder composition was in powder form.
- the endothermic and exothermic temperatures are obtained in one cycle of temperature increase / decrease (15 ° C./min) in the temperature range from °C to 200 °C, and the presence of a recognizable endothermic peak is not recognized, and it is judged as an amorphous state.
- the carotenoid component at least 90 to 100% by mass of the crystalline carotenoid may be in an amorphous state, and it is preferable that 95 to 100% by mass is in an amorphous state in terms of dynamic absorption.
- the fact that at least 90% by mass of the crystalline carotenoid contained in the carotenoid component is in an amorphous state is derived from the carotenoid crystals in the composition of the present invention measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It can be confirmed by comparing the endothermic amount of the endothermic peak with the endothermic amount of the endothermic peak of the carotenoid crystal preparation.
- a method using this DSC is adopted to confirm that the crystalline carotenoid is in an amorphous state.
- the crystalline carotenoid is in an amorphous state
- the carotenoid-containing composition is prepared as an emulsion
- the number of crystals increases.
- the content ratio of the crystalline carotenoid in an amorphous state was obtained by DSC peak area or XRD (X-ray diffraction), using a carotenoid reagent which is a commercially available crystal as 100%. It can be converted from the results.
- Examples of commercially available carotenoid reagents that are crystalline include biochemical reagents available from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the “crystalline carotenoid” in the present invention is not limited to a specific type of carotenoid, and various factors such as the production method, treatment, storage, etc. when it is in the form of oil or paste containing carotenoid.
- Crystalline carotenoids are pigments of yellow to red terpenoids, and examples thereof include those derived from plants, algae, and bacteria. Further, the crystalline carotenoid is not limited to a naturally derived one, and any crystalline carotenoid may be used as long as it is obtained according to a conventional method. Moreover, what is necessary is just to confirm that it is a crystalline carotenoid by a conventional method, for example, a differential scanning calorimetry (Differential scanning calorimetry, DSC), a polarizing microscope observation, X-ray diffraction etc. are applicable.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- crystalline carotenoid in the present invention examples include lycopene, ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -carotene, actinioerythrol, bixin, canthaxanthin, capsorubin, ⁇ -8'-apo- Carotenal (apocarotenal), ⁇ -12′-apo-carotenal, xanthophylls (for example, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, capsanthin, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin, etc.), fucoxanthin and hydroxyl or carboxyl derivatives thereof. Can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- lycopene and fucoxanthin are preferable, and these can be used alone or in combination.
- lycopene is preferable as the crystalline carotenoid from the viewpoint of the effect of reducing the amount of accumulated fat.
- Lycopene (sometimes referred to as “lycopene”) is a carotenoid of the chemical formula C 40 H 56 (molecular weight 536.87) and belongs to a kind of carotenoids of carotenoids. Lycopene is a red pigment that exhibits an absorption maximum at 474 nm (acetone).
- Lycopene also has cis- and trans- isomers with respect to the conjugated double bond at the center of the molecule, and examples include all-trans-, 9-cis and 13-cis isomers. In the present invention, Any of these may be used.
- Lycopene may be contained in the carotenoid-containing composition as a lycopene-containing oil or lycopene-containing paste separated and extracted from a natural product containing it. Lycopene is naturally contained in tomatoes, strawberries, watermelons, and pink grapefruits, and the above-mentioned lycopene-containing oil may be separated and extracted from these natural products.
- the lycopene used in the present invention may be an extract extracted from the natural product, a product obtained by appropriately purifying the extract as necessary, or a synthetic product. In the present invention, lycopene extracted from tomato is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of quality and productivity.
- a commercially available tomato extract can be used as lycopene-containing oil or paste.
- lycopene-containing oils or pastes are Lyc-O-Mato 15%, Lyc-O-Mato 6%, sold by Sunbright Co., Ltd., and Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- An example is lycopene 18 or the like.
- the crystalline carotenoid may constitute the carotenoid component alone, or may constitute the carotenoid component together with the oil (oil) used when extracted from the natural product.
- the content of the crystalline carotenoid in the carotenoid-containing composition is preferably 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the solid content (all components excluding water) in the carotenoid-containing composition. 0.2 mass% to 4 mass% is more preferable, and 0.3 mass% to 3 mass% is still more preferable. Within this range, it can be expected that the effect of reducing the amount of accumulated fat is further improved.
- the carotenoid component may contain naturally-derived non-crystalline carotenoids (non-crystalline carotenoids) in addition to the crystalline carotenoids described above.
- the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester in the carotenoid-containing composition has 1 to 6 glycerin units and 1 to 6 fatty acid units, and has (poly) glycerin fatty acid having at least one hydroxyl group of the glycerin unit. Ester.
- Such specific (poly) glycerin fatty acid esters are highly compatible with crystalline carotenoids and lower the melting point of crystalline carotenoids.
- recrystallization of the crystalline carotenoid is suppressed. As a result, a good effect of reducing the amount of accumulated fat can be obtained.
- (Poly) glycerin fatty acid ester having 7 or more glycerin units has increased hydrophilicity and low affinity for carotenoids, while (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester having 7 or more fatty acid units has carotenoid crystals. The effect of suppressing the conversion cannot be expected.
- a (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester that does not contain a hydroxyl group of a glycerin unit, such as a medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride cannot sufficiently suppress crystallization of carotenoids. The effect of suppressing the conversion cannot be expected.
- the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester has a glycerin unit number (average polymerization degree) of 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, and preferably 8 to 22 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of suppressing recrystallization.
- a fatty acid for example, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and behenic acid
- 1 to 6 fatty acid units formed from the above fatty acid are present in the ester, more preferably 1 to 5 units.
- the molecular weight of the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester is preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 3000 or less, and even more preferably 2500 or less.
- the HLB of the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester is preferably 9 or less, and more preferably 6 or less.
- the carotenoid-containing composition when the carotenoid-containing composition is in the form of a powder composition obtained by drying the emulsion composition, the carotenoid powder composition indicates that the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester is solid at room temperature. From the viewpoint of the carotenoid concentration in the composition and the yield at the time of hot air drying at the time of producing the composition. That is, if the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester is solid at room temperature, it is not necessary to increase the amount of the covering agent, so that a sufficient amount of carotenoid can be included in the carotenoid-containing composition.
- Examples of such a (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester that is solid at normal temperature include those in which the fatty acid constituting the fatty acid unit is a fatty acid having no branched chain or unsaturated bond, such as glyceryl myristate, monostearin Glyceryl acid, glyceryl distearate, diglyceryl monostearate, tetraglyceryl monostearate, tetraglyceryl tristearate, tetraglyceryl pentastearate, hexaglyceryl monostearate, hexaglyceryl tristearate, hexaglyceryl tetrabehenate, pentastearin Examples include hexaglyceryl acid.
- Examples of the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester that can be used in the carotenoid-containing composition include glyceryl myristate, monoglyceryl monostearate, diglyceryl monostearate, triglyceryl monostearate, hexaglyceryl pentastearate, and dipalmitin. Triglyceryl acid, glyceryl distearate, tetraglyceryl tristearate, tetraglyceryl pentastearate, hexaglyceryl monostearate, hexaglyceryl tristearate, hexaglyceryl tetrabehenate, etc.
- glyceryl myristate glyceryl monostearate, diglyceryl monostearate, tetraglyceryl pentastearate, hexaglyceryl pentastearate Lil is preferable.
- the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester that can be used in the carotenoid-containing composition may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the preferred content (mass) of the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester varies depending on the type or content of the crystalline carotenoid used, but is 0 with respect to the total mass of the crystalline carotenoid from the viewpoint of the stability of the carotenoid-containing composition. It is preferably 0.01 times to 10 times, more preferably 0.1 times to 8 times, and still more preferably 0.3 times to 5 times. If the total mass of the polyglycerin fatty acid ester in the carotenoid-containing composition is 0.01 times or more of the total mass of the crystalline carotenoid, a sufficient crystallization inhibitory effect can be expected. The increase in the particle diameter of dispersed particles (emulsified particles) can be suppressed.
- the carotenoid-containing composition preferably contains an antioxidant.
- an ascorbic acid compound can be mentioned as an example.
- the ascorbic acid compound include at least one selected from ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid ester, and salts thereof (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “ascorbic acid-based antioxidant”).
- Ascorbic acid-based antioxidants are presumed to act as carotenoid component protectors during high-temperature treatment. By using such an antioxidant, decomposition of the carotenoid component due to heating (for example, oxidative decomposition) can be reliably suppressed, and reduction of the carotenoid component in the production process of the carotenoid-containing composition can be suppressed.
- Ascorbic acid antioxidants include L-ascorbic acid, L-ascorbic acid Na, L-ascorbic acid K, L-ascorbic acid Ca, L-ascorbic acid phosphate, magnesium salt of L-ascorbic acid phosphate L-ascorbic acid sulfate, L-ascorbic acid sulfate disodium salt, L-ascorbic acid stearate, L-ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, L-ascorbyl palmitate, tetraisopalmitate L-ascorbyl, etc.
- Examples thereof include fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid such as stearic acid L-ascorbyl ester, tetraisopalmitic acid L-ascorbyl ester, palmitic acid L-ascorbyl ester, and the like.
- L-ascorbic acid L-ascorbic acid Na, L-ascorbic acid Ca, L-ascorbic acid stearate, L-ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, L-ascorbic acid Palmitic acid ester, magnesium salt of L-ascorbic acid phosphate, L-ascorbic acid sulfate disodium salt, and tetraisopalmitic acid L-ascorbyl are particularly preferred.
- ascorbic acid-based antioxidants may be contained alone in the carotenoid-containing composition as the oil phase composition, or may be blended in the form of an aqueous solution into the carotenoid-containing composition as the oil phase composition. Good.
- concentration of the ascorbic acid-based antioxidant in such an aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but generally it is preferably 0.05% by mass to 5% by mass based on the total mass of the carotenoid-containing composition from the viewpoint of antioxidant.
- the total content of the ascorbic acid-based antioxidant in the carotenoid-containing composition is 0.01 to 10.0 times the molar amount of the carotenoid component from the viewpoint of suppressing the loss of the carotenoid component due to heat.
- the molar amount is 0.1 times to 8.0 times, and more preferably 1.0 times to 6.5 times. If the total content of the ascorbic acid-based antioxidant is at least 0.6 times the molar amount of the carotenoid component, it is sufficient for exerting the effect of inhibiting the decomposition or disappearance of the carotenoid component, and not more than 7.0 times the molar amount. If so, it is possible to add a sufficient amount of the carotenoid component.
- the carotenoid-containing composition may contain BHT (butylhydroxytoluene), BHA (butylhydroxyanisole) or the like as an antioxidant other than the above.
- the carotenoid-containing composition may contain other oil components that are usually used as oil phase components.
- oil phase components are not particularly limited as long as they are components that do not dissolve in an aqueous medium but dissolve in an oily medium, and those having physical properties and functionality according to the purpose are appropriately selected and used.
- unsaturated fatty acids, fats and oils such as coconut oil, fat-soluble vitamins such as tocopherol, and ubiquinones are preferably used.
- the unsaturated fatty acid examples include monovalent highly unsaturated fatty acids ( ⁇ -9, oleic acid, etc.) or polyvalent highly unsaturated fatty acids ( ⁇ -3, ⁇ -6) having 10 or more carbon atoms, preferably 18-30. Is mentioned. Such unsaturated fatty acids may be any known ones, for example, ⁇ -3 oils and fats such as linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and fish oils containing them. As an example.
- ubiquinones examples include coenzyme Q such as coenzyme Q10.
- fat-soluble vitamins examples include fat-soluble vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin D, and oil-solubilized derivatives of erythorbic acid.
- radical scavengers antioxidants
- Fat-soluble vitamin E that can also be used as an agent is preferred.
- Vitamin E is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those selected from a compound group consisting of tocopherol and its derivatives, and a compound group consisting of tocotrienol and its derivatives. These may be used alone or in combination. Moreover, you may use combining the compound group which consists of a tocophenol and its derivative, and each selected from the compound group which consists of a tocotrienol and its derivative, respectively.
- the compound group consisting of tocopherol and its derivatives includes dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol acetate, nicotinic acid-dl- ⁇ -tocopherol Linoleic acid-dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, succinic acid dl- ⁇ -tocopherol and the like.
- dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, dl- ⁇ -tocopherol, and a mixture thereof (mixed tocopherol) are more preferable.
- tocopherol derivative these carboxylic acid ester, especially acetate ester are used preferably.
- the compound group consisting of tocotrienol and its derivatives includes ⁇ -tocotrienol, ⁇ -tocotrienol, ⁇ -tocotrienol, ⁇ -tocotrienol and the like.
- these acetates are preferably used as the tocotrienol derivative.
- vitamin A examples include retinol, 3-hydroretinol, retinal, 3-hydroretinal, retinoic acid, 3-dehydroretinoic acid, vitamin A acetate and the like.
- vitamin Ds examples include vitamin Ds such as vitamins D 2 to D 7 .
- esters such as nicotinic acid vitamin E; can be exemplified vitamin K 1 or vitamin K, such as K 3 as an example.
- fatty acid esters of erythorbic acid such as erythorbyl palmitate and erythorbyl tetraisopalmitate
- fatty acid esters of vitamin B 6 such as pyridoxine dipalmitate, pyridoxine tripalmitate, pyridoxine dilaurate, and pyridoxine dioctanoate Etc.
- pyridoxine dipalmitate a pyridoxine tripalmitate
- pyridoxine dilaurate pyridoxine dioctanoate Etc.
- pyridoxine dioctanoate Etc can also be mentioned as examples of fat-soluble vitamins.
- Examples of the fats and oils other than the above include liquid fats and oils (fatty oils) and solid fats and oils (fats) at room temperature.
- Examples of the liquid oil include olive oil, camellia oil, macadamia nut oil, castor oil, avocado oil, evening primrose oil, turtle oil, corn oil, mink oil, rapeseed oil, egg yolk oil, sesame oil, persic oil, wheat germ oil, and sasanca Oil, flaxseed oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, eno oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, tea seed oil, kaya oil, rice bran oil, cinnagari oil, Japanese kiri oil, jojoba oil, germ oil, triglycerin, glycerin trioctanoate, Examples include glycerin triisopalmitate, salad oil, safflower oil (safflower oil), palm oil, coconut oil, peanut oil, almond oil, hazelnut oil, walnut oil, grape seed oil,
- coconut oil which is a medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride, is preferably used from the viewpoint of the particle size and stability of the emulsion composition.
- the oily component in the present invention is a compound selected from the group consisting of tocopherols, tocotrienols and their derivatives included in fat-soluble vitamins (hereinafter referred to as tocopherols as appropriate) in order to improve physical properties in the composition.
- tocopherols are preferably contained together with other oil phase components.
- the tocopherols are preferably in the range of 5% to 35% by mass, more preferably 7% to 20% by mass, based on the total mass of the oily component. Can be used together.
- the carotenoid-containing composition includes an emulsifier, and may be an oil-in-water emulsion composition obtained by emulsifying and mixing the oil phase composition and the water phase composition. It is good also as a powder composition obtained by drying an emulsion composition.
- the content of the oil phase composition is preferably 0.1% by mass to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.5%, based on the total mass of the emulsified composition, from the viewpoint of exhibiting the function of the oil component.
- the content is from 25% by mass to 25% by mass, more preferably from 0.2% by mass to 10% by mass.
- the content of the oil phase composition is preferably 10% by mass to 50% by mass and more preferably 10% by mass to 40% by mass with respect to the total mass of the powder composition.
- the content is preferably 10% by mass to 30% by mass.
- the oil-in-water emulsion composition may contain an emulsifier that can be used as an oil phase component in addition to the above components.
- an emulsifier that can be used as such an oil phase component include those having an HLB of 7 or less among the emulsifiers described later.
- the aqueous phase composition is composed of an aqueous medium, particularly water, and preferably contains at least an emulsifier.
- the emulsifier may be any of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant.
- HLB is a hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance that is usually used in the field of surfactants, and a commonly used calculation formula such as the Kawakami formula can be used. Kawakami's formula is shown below.
- HLB 7 + 11.7 log (M w / M 0 )
- M w of the hydrophilic group M 0 is the molecular weight of the hydrophobic group.
- the preferable content of the emulsifier in the oil-in-water emulsion composition or the powder composition generally varies depending on the form of the composition, but in the case of the emulsion composition, it is preferably 0.5 to 30% by mass of the whole emulsion composition. 1 to 20% by mass is more preferable, and 2 to 15% by mass is more preferable.
- the total amount of the powder composition is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 45% by mass. More preferably, it is 30% by mass.
- the total mass of the emulsifier can be used in the range of 0.1 to 10 times the total mass of the oil component including the carotenoid component in both the powder composition and the emulsion composition. From the viewpoint of miniaturization and suppression of foaming, 0.5 to 8 times is preferable, and 0.8 to 5 times is particularly preferable. When the total mass of the emulsifier is within this range, the dispersion stability of the composition can be improved.
- the “emulsifier” in the present invention does not include the predetermined (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester described above.
- nonionic surfactants are preferred because they are hypoallergenic and have little impact on the environment.
- nonionic surfactants include sucrose fatty acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, organic acid monoglycerides, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, polyglycerin condensed ricinoleic acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, and the like. It is done.
- the fatty acid constituting the sucrose fatty acid ester preferably has 12 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 14 to 16 carbon atoms.
- sucrose fatty acid esters include sucrose dioleate, sucrose distearate, sucrose dipalmitate, sucrose dimyristic ester, sucrose dilaurate, sucrose monooleate, sucrose Examples include sugar monostearate, sucrose monopalmitate, sucrose monomyristic ester, and sucrose monolaurate. Among these, sucrose monooleate, sucrose monostearate, sucrose Monopalmitate, sucrose monomyristate, and sucrose monolaurate are more preferable. In the present invention, these sucrose fatty acid esters can be used alone or in combination.
- the carotenoid-containing composition contains the specific polyglycerin fatty acid ester described above, but independently, the aqueous phase composition may contain a polyglycerin fatty acid ester (second polyglycerin fatty acid ester) having an HLB of 10 or more. Good.
- polyglycerin fatty acid ester include polyglycerin having an average degree of polymerization of 2 or more, preferably 6 to 15, more preferably 8 to 10 and fatty acid having 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Examples include esters of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid.
- Preferred examples of the polyglycerin fatty acid ester include hexaglycerin monooleate, hexaglycerin monostearate, hexaglycerin monopalmitate, hexaglycerin monomyristate, hexaglycerin monolaurin.
- Examples include acid esters, decaglycerin monooleate, decaglycerin monostearate, decaglycerin monopalmitate, decaglycerin monomyristate, decaglycerin monolaurate, and the like.
- polyglycerin fatty acid esters can be used alone or in combination.
- sorbitan fatty acid ester in the present invention, those having 8 or more carbon atoms of fatty acids are preferable, and those having 12 or more are more preferable.
- Preferred examples of sorbitan fatty acid esters include sorbitan monocaprylate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan sesquistearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan isostearate, sorbitan sesquiisostearate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan sesquioleate And sorbitan trioleate. In the present invention, these sorbitan fatty acid esters can be used alone or in combination.
- the polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester preferably has 8 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 12 or more. Further, the length (number of added moles) of polyoxyethylene ethylene oxide is preferably 2 to 100, and more preferably 4 to 50.
- polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester examples include sorbitan polyoxyethylene monocaprylate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene monolaurate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene monostearate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene sesquistearate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene tristearate Sorbitan polyoxyethylene isostearate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene sesquiisostearate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene oleate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene sesquioleate, sorbitan polyoxyethylene trioleate, and the like.
- These polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters can be used alone or in combination.
- phospholipids such as a lecithin
- the phospholipid that can be used in the present invention comprises a glycerin skeleton, a fatty acid residue, and a phosphate residue as essential components, to which a base, a polyhydric alcohol, and the like are bonded, and is also referred to as lecithin. Since phospholipids have a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group in the molecule, they have been widely used as emulsifiers in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields.
- lecithin having a purity of 60% or more is used as lecithin and can be used in the present invention. From the viewpoint of formation of fine oil droplet diameters and stability of functional oil components, high purity lecithin is generally used. Is preferred, which has a lecithin purity of 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more.
- phospholipids include various conventionally known phospholipids extracted and separated from living organisms of plants, animals and microorganisms. Specific examples of such phospholipids include various lecithins derived from plants such as soybean, corn, peanut, rapeseed and wheat, animals such as egg yolk and cows, and microorganisms such as Escherichia coli.
- lecithins by compound names include phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, bisphosphatidic acid, diphosphatidylglycerin (cardiolipin) and the like; sphingomyelin And the like can be mentioned.
- hydrogenated lecithin, enzymatically decomposed lecithin, enzymatically decomposed hydrogenated lecithin, hydroxylecithin, and the like can be used in addition to the above high-purity lecithin.
- These lecithins that can be used in the present invention can be used alone or in the form of a mixture of plural kinds.
- the carotenoid-containing composition is a powder composition obtained by drying an emulsified composition
- the carotenoid-containing composition is used to protect oil droplets during the pulverization process during drying and during powder storage. It is preferable to include a water-soluble packaging agent. Thereby, it is possible to keep the oil droplet diameter in a fine state and to suppress the deterioration of the carotenoid component in the oil droplet.
- the water-soluble bulking agent can improve the water dispersibility of the oil component, and also the transparency of the carotenoid-containing composition after re-dissolution. Can be.
- the water-soluble packaging agent is preferably a polysaccharide (hereinafter simply referred to as “fructose polymer or oligomer”) which is at least one selected from a fructose polymer and an oligomer comprising a saccharide unit containing at least two fructose units.
- the fructose polymer or oligomer in the present invention refers to a polymer or oligomer composed of a saccharide unit containing fructose (fructose) as a repeating unit and a plurality of saccharide units bonded by dehydration condensation.
- fructose oligomers those having less than 20 sugar repeating units containing fructose units are called fructose oligomers, and those having 20 or more sugar units are called fructose polymers.
- the number of repeating sugar units is preferably 2 to 60, more preferably 4 to 20, from the viewpoints of drying suitability and refinement of oil droplets during re-dissolution. If the number of repeating sugar units (the degree of polymerization of fructose) is 2 or more, the hygroscopicity of the water-soluble packaging agent will not be too strong, and it will adhere to the drying container during the drying process and the recovery rate will be reduced. On the other hand, if the repeating number of sugar units (degree of polymerization of fructose) is 60 or less, it is effective to increase the oil droplet diameter when the powder composition is redissolved in water. Can be prevented.
- the fructose polymer or oligomer may contain other monosaccharides at the molecular ends or chains.
- Other monosaccharide units that can be included here include glucose (glucose), galactose, mannose, idose, altrose, gulose, talose, allose, xylose, arabinose, lyxose, ribose, threose, erythrose, erythrulose, xylulose, There are ribulose, psicose, sorbose, tagatose, etc., but it is not limited thereto. Among these monosaccharides, glucose is preferable from the viewpoint of availability.
- the other monosaccharide unit is bonded to the end of the fructose chain.
- the content ratio is the degree of polymerization (number of units) with respect to the number of fructose units, from the viewpoint of drying suitability and obtaining fine oil droplets when re-dissolving the powder composition Is 50% or less, preferably 30% or less.
- Inulin is an example of the water-soluble bulking agent that is preferably used in the present invention from the viewpoints of storage stability of dyes and availability.
- Inulin in the present invention refers to a fructose polymer or fructose oligomer having one glucose at the end.
- Inulin is widely known to exist in nature, and is abundant in chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, dahlia, garlic, leek, onion and the like. Details of inulin are described in Handbook of Hydrocolloids, GOPhillips, PAWilliams Ed., 397-403, (2000) CRC Press. In general, the chain length is expressed with G as the glucose unit and F as the fructose unit.
- the inulin of the present invention does not include sucrose represented by GF.
- Inulin which is usually extracted from nature, is a polymer or oligomer ranging from GF2 (kestose), GF3 (nystose), GF4 (fructosylnystose) to about GF60, or a mixture thereof.
- the inulin in the present invention may be a commercially available product obtained by separating hot water from roots such as chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, and dahlia, concentrating the obtained aqueous solution (extract), and pulverizing by spray drying.
- examples of this include Frutafit extracted from chicory root (manufactured by SENSSUS), Beneo (Orafuti) also extracted from chicory root, Dahlia root-derived reagent (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Sigma), chicory root extraction A reagent (Sigma) etc. can be mentioned.
- the fructose oligomer and polymer in the present invention may be prepared from sucrose using sucrose transfer activity of ⁇ -fructofuranosidase.
- sucrose transfer activity of ⁇ -fructofuranosidase examples include Fuji FF (Fuji Nippon Seika Co., Ltd.) and GF2 (Meiji Seika Co., Ltd.).
- the number of fructose repeats is preferably 2 to 60 from the viewpoint of obtaining fine oil droplets when the powder composition is re-dissolved. From the viewpoint of adhesion and solubility in water, the degree of polymerization of fructose is more preferably 4 to 20.
- the fructose polymer or oligomer of the present invention is preferably added during emulsification, but part or all of the fructose polymer or oligomer can also be added after emulsification.
- water-soluble polymer or oligomer may be used.
- examples of other water-soluble polymers and oligomers include agarose, starch, carrageenan, gelatin, xanthan gum, gellan gum, galactomannan, casein, tragacanth gum, xyloglucan, ⁇ -glucan, curdlan, water-soluble soybean fiber, chitosan, alginic acid, alginic acid Although an atrium etc. are mentioned, it is not limited to these.
- the content (mass) of the water-soluble bulking agent in the carotenoid-containing composition is preferably 0.5 to 50 times the total mass of the oil component in the carotenoid-containing composition, from the viewpoint of shape maintenance and solubility. It is preferably 1 to 20 times, more preferably 1 to 10 times, and even more preferably 2 to 5 times.
- the water-soluble packaging agent may be contained in the aqueous phase of the carotenoid-containing composition, and may be contained as an aqueous phase composition during the pressure emulsification described below. It may be added to the aqueous phase of the composition.
- additive components In addition to the above components, components usually used in the field of foods and the like may be appropriately blended into the carotenoid-containing composition according to the form of the carotenoid-containing composition. Depending on the properties of the additive component, the additive component may be blended as a component of the oil phase component mixture, the carotenoid-containing oil phase composition or the aqueous phase composition, or as an additive component to the aqueous phase of the carotenoid-containing composition. You may mix
- Such other components include polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin and 1,3-butylene glycol; glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, pectin, copper carrageenan, locust bean gum, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, xanthan gum , Karaya gum, tamarind seed polysaccharide, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, hyaluronic acid, sodium hyaluronate, sodium chondroitin sulfate, dextrin, etc .; sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactose, maltotriitol, xylitol Inorganic salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate; tongues having a molecular weight of over 5000 such as casein, albumin, methylated collagen, hydrolyzed collagen, water-soluble collagen and gelatin Synthetic polymers such as carboxy
- ком ⁇ онент it may be contained as a functional component, an excipient, a viscosity modifier, a radical scavenger and the like.
- various additives such as various medicinal components, pH adjusters, pH buffers, ultraviolet absorbers, preservatives, fragrances, and colorants can be used in combination.
- the fat reducing agent of the present invention is prepared by preparing an oil phase component mixture containing the carotenoid component and the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester (referred to as an oil phase component mixture preparation step), and converting the oil phase component mixture into the carotenoid It can be obtained by a production method including heating under a temperature condition higher than the melting point of the component (referred to as an oil phase component heating step). According to this production method, since the oil phase component mixture is heated at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the amorphous carotenoid component, recrystallization of the crystalline carotenoid in the carotenoid component is suppressed and the amorphous state is stabilized. Thus, a carotenoid-containing composition maintained can be obtained. For this reason, according to this manufacturing method, the fat reducing agent which uses such a carotenoid containing composition as an active ingredient can be obtained efficiently.
- each oil phase component containing the carotenoid component and the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester is mixed to obtain an oil phase component mixture.
- an oil phase component mixture There is no restriction
- the oil phase component heating step the oil phase component mixture is heated under a temperature condition equal to or higher than the melting point of the carotenoid component.
- the temperature at which the oil phase component mixture is heated needs to be a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the carotenoid component. Below the melting point of the carotenoid component, the crystalline carotenoid does not dissolve, and a large amount of crystals are present in the carotenoid-containing composition.
- the crystalline carotenoid is co-dissolved with the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester, so that the crystal can be dissolved at a lower temperature.
- the melting point of the carotenoid component means a temperature at which the crystalline carotenoid in the carotenoid component is dissolved.
- the melting point of the crystalline carotenoid corresponds.
- a component other than the crystalline carotenoid is contained in the carotenoid component, it means a temperature at which the carotenoid in the carotenoid component is dissolved.
- the carotenoid component when a carotenoid-containing oil derived from a natural product is used as the carotenoid component, impurities and the like may be contained, and the crystalline carotenoid in the carotenoid component may be dissolved at a temperature lower than the melting point of the crystalline carotenoid.
- the temperature at which the crystalline carotenoid in the carotenoid component dissolves corresponds to the “melting point of the carotenoid component” in the present invention.
- the melting point of the carotenoid component can be confirmed by a method generally used for confirming the melting point, for example, by DSC.
- the heating temperature (co-melting temperature) applied to the oil phase component heating step specifically depends on the type of crystalline carotenoid or carotenoid component used, but generally 150 ° C. in the case of a carotenoid component containing lycopene. From the viewpoint of suppressing thermal decomposition, it is preferably 150 ° C. to 180 ° C., more preferably 150 ° C. to 170 ° C.
- the maximum temperature in the heat treatment is a temperature where the difference from the melting point of the carotenoid component is within 10 ° C. It is preferable that the temperature is slightly different from the melting point, for example, 5 ° C. or less.
- the heating time applied to the oil phase component heating step may be a time required for the carotenoid component in the oil phase component mixture solution to dissolve, efficiently crystallize the crystal, and decompose the crystalline carotenoid by excessive heat. From the viewpoint of suppressing the heat treatment, it is preferably 10 minutes to 60 minutes, more preferably 15 minutes to 45 minutes, but it is not limited thereto.
- oil phase component heating step since it is important that the entire oil phase component mixture is at a uniform temperature, it is preferable to sufficiently stir the oil phase component mixture while heating, It is desirable to heat the oil phase component mixture with stirring at a constant temperature while stirring.
- oil phase component heating step a carotenoid-containing composition as an oil phase composition is obtained.
- the method for producing the fat reducing agent is preferably any one of the following embodiments from the viewpoint of more reliably suppressing the decomposition or disappearance of the crystalline carotenoid during the production process: (1) A carotenoid component containing the crystalline carotenoid and the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester are mixed to obtain an oil phase component mixture, and the oil phase component mixture is equal to or higher than the melting point of the carotenoid component. And heating for 15 minutes to 45 minutes under a temperature condition in which the temperature at which the difference from the melting point of the carotenoid component is within 10 ° C.
- a carotenoid component containing lycopene and the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester are mixed to obtain an oil phase component mixture, and the oil phase component mixture is heated at a temperature of 150 ° C. to 170 ° C.
- a production method comprising: (3) Oil phase component mixing by mixing a carotenoid component containing lycopene, the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester, and at least one ascorbic acid antioxidant selected from ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid ester And a heating method of the oil phase component mixture under a temperature condition of 150 ° C. to 170 ° C.
- the carotenoid component, the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester and the ascorbic acid-based antioxidant constituting the oil phase component mixture are the carotenoid component in the preferred embodiment of the carotenoid-containing composition described above, More preferably, it is the same as the (poly) glycerin fatty acid ester and the ascorbic acid-based antioxidant.
- an aqueous phase composition comprising an oil phase composition obtained by the oil phase component heating step and an aqueous phase component containing an emulsifier after the oil phase component heating step. It may include emulsifying a product (emulsification step).
- emulsification step an oil-in-water emulsion composition in which an oil phase component containing a carotenoid component is finely dispersed in water as oil droplets (emulsified particles) can be obtained.
- the carotenoid component containing crystalline carotenoid is stably maintained.
- the ratio (mass) of the oil phase and the aqueous phase in the emulsification is not particularly limited, but the oil phase / water phase ratio (mass%) is preferably 0.1 / 99.9 to 50/50, 0 The ratio is more preferably 5 / 99.5 to 30/70, and still more preferably 1/99 to 20/80.
- the oil phase / water phase ratio is preferably 0.1 / 99.9 or more, the active ingredient content does not decrease, so that there is a tendency that practical problems of the emulsion composition do not occur, which is preferable.
- the emulsifier concentration does not become thin, and the emulsification stability of the emulsion composition tends not to deteriorate, which is preferable.
- the emulsification may be performed by one step of emulsification, but it is preferable to perform two or more steps of emulsification from the viewpoint of obtaining uniform and fine emulsified particles.
- a one-step emulsification operation such as emulsification using a normal emulsification apparatus (for example, stirrer, impeller stirring, homomixer, continuous flow type shearing apparatus, etc.) utilizing a shearing action, a high-pressure homogenizer, etc.
- a normal emulsification apparatus for example, stirrer, impeller stirring, homomixer, continuous flow type shearing apparatus, etc.
- a shearing action for example, stirrer, impeller stirring, homomixer, continuous flow type shearing apparatus, etc.
- a high-pressure homogenizer etc.
- two or more types of emulsifiers together by a method such as emulsification.
- the emulsion can be arranged into even more uniform droplets of fine particles. Further, the above emulsification may be performed a plurality of times for the purpose of forming droplets having a more uniform particle diameter.
- the emulsifying means usable here may be any of generally known emulsification methods such as natural emulsification method, interfacial chemical emulsification method, electroemulsification method, capillary emulsification method, mechanical emulsification method, ultrasonic emulsification method and the like. it can.
- a surface chemical emulsification method such as a PIT emulsification method or a gel emulsification method is known as a useful method for refining emulsified particles. This method has the advantage of consuming little energy, and is suitable for finely emulsifying a material that is easily deteriorated by heat.
- a method using mechanical force that is, a method of breaking oil droplets by applying a strong shearing force from the outside is used.
- the most common method using mechanical force is the use of a high speed, high shear stirrer.
- a stirrer what is called a homomixer, a disper mixer and an ultramixer are commercially available.
- High-pressure homogenizer Another example of a mechanical emulsifier useful for miniaturization is a high-pressure homogenizer, and various apparatuses are commercially available. Since the high-pressure homogenizer can give a larger shearing force than the stirring method, it can be miniaturized even if the amount of the emulsifier is relatively small.
- High-pressure homogenizers can be broadly classified into a chamber-type high-pressure homogenizer having a fixed throttle portion and a homogeneous valve-type high-pressure homogenizer that controls the opening of the throttle.
- Examples of the chamber type high-pressure homogenizer include a microfluidizer (manufactured by Microfluidics), a nanomizer (manufactured by Yoshida Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd.), an optimizer (manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- homogeneous valve type high-pressure homogenizers examples include Gorin type homogenizer (manufactured by APV), Lanier type homogenizer (manufactured by Lanier), high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by Niro Soabi), homogenizer (manufactured by Sanwa Machinery Co., Ltd.), high pressure A homogenizer (made by Izumi Food Machinery Co., Ltd.), an ultrahigh pressure homogenizer (made by Ika Corporation), etc. are mentioned.
- An ultrasonic homogenizer is an emulsifying device that has a simple structure and is a relatively energy efficient dispersing device.
- Examples of high-power ultrasonic homogenizers that can be manufactured include ultrasonic homogenizers US-600, US-1200T, RUS-1200T, MUS-1200T (above, manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho), ultrasonic processor UIP2000, UIP-4000, UIP-8000, UIP-16000 (above, manufactured by Heelscher). These high-power ultrasonic irradiation devices are used at a frequency of 25 kHz or less, preferably 15 to 20 kHz.
- the temperature condition for emulsifying and dispersing in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 100 ° C. from the viewpoint of the stability of the functional oil component, and depends on the melting point of the functional oil component to be handled. Thus, a preferable range can be selected as appropriate.
- the treatment is preferably performed at a pressure of 50 MPa or more, more preferably 50 MPa to 280 MPa, and still more preferably 100 MPa to 280 MPa.
- the emulsified liquid which is an emulsified and dispersed composition
- the emulsified liquid is cooled through some kind of cooler within 30 seconds immediately after passing through the chamber, preferably within 3 seconds.
- the fat reducing agent as a powder composition may be obtained.
- the fat reducing agent as the powder composition has storage stability in a powdered form, and is crystalline even in the state of the powder composition or when the powder composition is redissolved in an aqueous medium to form an emulsified composition. It is a composition in which the crystallization of the sex carotenoid is suppressed.
- drying means used in the powdering step known drying means can be used, for example, natural drying, heat drying, hot air drying, high frequency drying, ultrasonic drying, vacuum drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, spray drying. Etc. These means may be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds.
- vacuum drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, and spray drying are preferable.
- vacuum drying the method of vacuum (reduced pressure) drying is also preferable, maintaining the temperature of 0 degrees C or less freezing temperature or more.
- vacuum drying or vacuum drying it is preferable to dry while repeatedly concentrating while gradually increasing the degree of vacuum in order to avoid scattering due to bumping.
- lyophilization is preferred in which water is removed by sublimating ice from a frozen material.
- the drying process usually proceeds at 0 ° C. or less, usually around ⁇ 20 ° C. to ⁇ 50 ° C., so that the material does not undergo thermal denaturation, and the taste, color, nutritional value, shape in the condensate process A great merit is that the texture and the like can be easily restored to the state before drying.
- freeze dryers examples include freeze dryer VD-800F (Tytec Corp.), Flexi Dry MP (FTS Systems), Duratop Durastop (FTS Systems), Takara Vacuum Freeze Dryer Type A (Takara ETM Co., Ltd.), desktop freeze dryer FD-1000 (Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd.), vacuum freeze dryer FD-550 (Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd.), vacuum freeze dryer (Takara Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) ) And the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the spray drying method is particularly preferable as a drying means from the viewpoint of achieving both production efficiency and quality.
- Spray drying is a type of convection hot air drying.
- the liquid composition is sprayed as fine particles of several hundreds ⁇ m or less in hot air, and is recovered as a solid powder by falling inside the tower while being dried.
- the material is temporarily exposed to hot air, but because the exposure time is very short and the temperature does not rise excessively due to the latent heat of vaporization of water, heat denaturation of the material is unlikely to occur as in freeze-drying. Changes due to water are also small.
- the supply of cold air is preferable in that a milder drying can be realized although the drying capacity is lowered.
- spray dryer SD-1000 Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd.
- spray dryer L-8i Okawara Kako Co., Ltd.
- closed spray dryer CL-12 Okawara Kako
- Spray dryer ADL310 Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.
- mini spray dryer B-290 Buch
- PJ-MiniMax Powdering Japan
- PHARMASD Nelo
- a device that can perform drying and granulation at the same time such as a fluidized bed granulator / dryer MP-01 (Paulec Co., Ltd.), a fluidized bed built-in spray dryer FSD (Niro Co., Ltd.), etc. It is also preferable to form into a granule having excellent handleability.
- the average particle diameter in the oil-in-water emulsion composition or a powder composition obtained by pulverizing the same means the particle diameter of dispersed particles (oil droplets) in the emulsion composition.
- a powder composition it means the particle diameter of dispersed particles (oil droplets) when a 1% by mass aqueous solution (when redissolved) is obtained.
- the particle size of the dispersed particles can be measured with a commercially available particle size distribution meter.
- Emulsion particle size distribution measurement methods include optical microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, static light scattering, laser diffraction, dynamic light scattering, centrifugal sedimentation, electricity
- a pulse measurement method, a chromatography method, an ultrasonic attenuation method, and the like are known, and apparatuses corresponding to the respective principles are commercially available.
- the dynamic light scattering method is preferred for measuring the particle size of the dispersed particles in the present invention.
- Commercially available measuring devices using dynamic light scattering include Nanotrac UPA (Nikkiso Co., Ltd.), dynamic light scattering type particle size distribution measuring device LB-550 (Horiba, Ltd.), and a concentrated particle size analyzer.
- FPAR-1000 (Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) and the like can be mentioned.
- FPAR-1000 Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.
- a value measured at 25 ° C. using a particle size analyzer FPAR-1000 (Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) is adopted.
- the particle size of the emulsified particles can be adjusted by adjusting factors such as the stirring conditions (shearing force / temperature / pressure) in the production method and the ratio of the oil phase to the water phase. it can.
- the particle size in the oil-in-water emulsion composition is preferably 50 nm to 300 nm from the viewpoint of transparency and absorbency, more preferably 50 nm to 200 nm, and most preferably 50 nm to 200 nm from the viewpoint of transparency. 150 nm.
- the fat reducing agent of the present invention contains the above-mentioned carotenoid-containing composition as an active ingredient.
- the fat reducing agent may be composed only of the carotenoid-containing composition, and may further include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier according to the dosage form of the fat reducing agent together with the carotenoid-containing composition. .
- the fat reducing agent of the present invention can be in an appropriate form according to the carotenoid-containing composition contained.
- the fat reducing agent may be in the form of an oil phase composition or an emulsified composition, and after the oil phase composition or the emulsified composition is formed, depending on the desired dosage form. It is good also as an appropriate form.
- the form applicable to the fat reducing agent may be any form of liquid, solid, powder, gel, and examples include solutions, tablets, hard capsules, soft capsules, granules and the like. it can.
- the effective amount of the carotenoid-containing composition in the fat reducing agent varies depending on the dosage form or administration form of the fat reducing agent, but the fat reducing agent is in the form of a solution or an emulsion (including powder re-dispersed in water).
- the fat reducing agent in the form of a solution or an emulsion (including powder re-dispersed in water).
- it can be 99% to 0.0001% by weight, preferably 90% to 0.0005% by weight of the total weight of the composition. May be 95 mass% to 0.0001 mass%, preferably 90 mass% to 0.0001 mass% of the total mass of the composition, but is not particularly limited.
- the dosage can be a therapeutically effective amount.
- the dose varies depending on the dosage form, etc., but in general, it can be 0.001 mg to 10000 mg as carotenoid component per day per kg body weight, preferably 0.005 mg to 5000 mg, more preferably Can be from 0.01 mg to 1500 mg.
- the dosage form of the fat reducing agent is preferably oral administration, but parenteral administration such as rectal administration or sublingual administration may be applied.
- the fat reducing agent of the present invention can be preferably used as a food because it can easily and effectively exert the effect of suppressing the accumulation of fat, particularly neutral fat. That is, the present invention also provides a food containing the fat reducing agent.
- the food according to the present invention only needs to contain a fat reducing agent, and the matters relating to the fat reducing agent can be applied to the food of the present invention as it is.
- the content of the fat reducing agent in the food according to the present invention may be within a range in which the effect of reducing the amount of accumulated fat is obtained.
- the fat reducing agent is, for example, 0.001% by mass of the total mass of the food as an active ingredient. It should just be contained above.
- the amount of the powder composition according to the present invention varies depending on the type and purpose of the product and cannot be specified unconditionally, but is 0.01 to 10% by mass relative to the product, Preferably, it can be added and used in a range of 0.05 to 5% by mass. If the added amount is 0.01% by mass or more, the desired effect can be expected, and if it is 10% by mass or less, the appropriate effect can often be exhibited efficiently.
- the present invention also includes applying the fat reducing agent to the prevention or treatment of a disease state or disease accompanied by an increase in the amount of accumulated fat. That is, a pathological condition or disease associated with fat accumulation comprising administering the fat reducing agent to a subject exhibiting a pathological condition that may be accompanied by an increase in fat accumulation amount or a disease subject that may be accompanied by an increase in fat accumulation amount. Also included are prevention or treatment methods. About the fat reducing agent applicable to this prevention or treatment method, the matter mentioned above is applicable as it is. According to the present preventive or therapeutic method, it is possible to easily suppress fat accumulation and reduce a disease state or disease associated with fat accumulation.
- Examples of such pathological conditions or diseases accompanied by an increase in the amount of accumulated fat include hyperlipidemia, obesity, lifestyle-related diseases, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and the like.
- the reduction in the amount of accumulated fat means that fat accumulated in the body, for example, blood, subcutaneous, viscera, etc. after administration compared to before administration of this fat reducing agent, particularly neutral fat. It is meant to include both reducing the amount or suppressing the increase.
- the matters described for the fat reducing agent of the present invention can be applied as they are to the various components, content, production method, dosage and the like relating to the brain atrophy inhibitor according to the present invention.
- the carotenoid-containing composition of the present invention can be used in the production of a fat reducing agent, and the present invention uses the carotenoid-containing composition to reduce fat. Also provided is a method of producing the pharmaceutical.
- the details of the medicament for reducing fat are the same as the details of the fat reducing agent described above.
- Example 1 (1) Preparation of oil phase composition
- the oil phase components shown below (excluding mixed tocopherols) were adjusted so as to be in the range of room temperature to 160 ° C to 165 ° C, stirred and dissolved while heating for 20 minutes, A carotenoid-containing oil phase composition was obtained.
- the obtained carotenoid-containing oil phase composition was adjusted to 60 ° C. and kept warm, and mixed tocopherol was added while stirring to obtain an oil phase composition 1.
- (2) Preparation of aqueous phase composition The aqueous phase component shown below was dissolved by mixing and stirring while heating at 70 ° C, and then a 600 W ultrasonic homogenizer (US-150T, manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). The aqueous phase composition 1 was obtained by coarse dispersion for 90 seconds.
- the melting point of lycopene 18 is 153 ° C. (endothermic peak value of DSC measurement).
- the content (molar amount) of calcium ascorbate corresponds to 3.06 times the molar amount of the carotenoid component.
- Emulsion 1 Preparation of Emulsion The oil phase composition 1 was kept warm at 60 ° C. while stirring, and the aqueous phase composition 1 prepared above and kept at 70 ° C. was added thereto, to a 600 W ultrasonic homogenizer. For 3 minutes to obtain a coarsely dispersed emulsion 1 (lycopene concentration 0.53%). Subsequently, the coarsely dispersed emulsion 1 was subjected to high-pressure emulsification treatment at 245 MPa and 30 ° C. four times using Starburst Mini (manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd.) to obtain Emulsion 1.
- Starburst Mini manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd.
- the obtained emulsion 1 was then spray-dried (spray dryer ADL310 type, manufactured by Yamato Kagaku) under the conditions of a spray pressure of 0.15 MPa, an outlet temperature of 80 ° C., and a throughput of 7 ml / min. Drying was performed, and the powder was collected with a cyclone to obtain a powder composition 1 having a lycopene concentration of 3%.
- Examples 2-5, Comparative Examples 1-2 Except that the types and contents of the oil phase component and the water phase component were changed as shown in Table 1, oil phase compositions 2 to 5, 7 to 8 and water phase compositions 2 to 5 were the same as in Example 1. 7-8 were obtained. In the same manner as in Example 1, emulsification was performed using oil phase compositions 2 to 5, 7 to 8 and aqueous phase compositions 2 to 5 and 7 to 8, and emulsions 2 to 5 and 7 to 8 were obtained. Obtained. Further, spray drying was performed to obtain powder compositions 2 to 5 and 7 to 8.
- Example 6 The composition of each phase was prepared and emulsified in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and contents of the oil phase component and the water phase component were changed as shown in Table 1, and spray drying was not performed. Emulsion 6 was obtained.
- Example 3 The same as in Example 1 except that the types and contents of the oil phase component and the water phase component were changed as shown in Table 1, and the oil phase composition was prepared without mixing by simply mixing the oil phase component. Then, the composition of each phase was prepared, emulsified and spray-dried to obtain a powder composition 9.
- the powder composition 10 was prepared by carrying out preparation, emulsification and spray drying of each phase composition in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the heat treatment for preparing the oil phase composition was set at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes. Got.
- DSC endothermic peak temperature DSC Q2000 (TE Instruments Japan Co., Ltd.) is used, the emulsion is freeze-dried to remove moisture, and the powder composition is in powder form. The endothermic and exothermic temperatures were determined in one cycle of temperature increase / decrease (15 ° C./min) in the temperature range of 30 to 200 ° C.
- B Crystal Evaluation by Polarizing Microscope Observation Using PCLIPSE LV100POL (Nikon Corporation), the emulsified one is emulsified, and the powder composition is dispersed in water so that the solid content concentration is 1%. The emulsion was then visually observed. The evaluation results of visual observation were as follows.
- a to C corresponds to that at least 90% by mass or more of the crystalline carotenoid is in an amorphous state.
- Visual evaluation A Almost no lycopene-derived crystals are observed.
- B Slightly lycopene-derived crystals are observed.
- C Slightly dispersed lycopene-derived crystals.
- D Crystals derived from lycopene exist on the entire surface of the observed image
- the absorbance (465 nm to 475 nm) of the maximum peak wavelength of the filtrate was measured with a spectrophotometer V-630 (manufactured by JASCO Corporation).
- the emulsion was diluted 708 times with acetone so that the lycopene concentration was 0.005% by volume, while the powder composition was made into an emulsion by adding pure water.
- the residual ratio was measured in the same manner as in Examples 1, 3 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, except that the solution was diluted 5.65 times and sufficiently dissolved, and diluted 708 times with acetone and sufficiently dissolved.
- the evaluation was carried out by diluting lycopene 18 with acetone so that the lycopene concentration was 0.005% by volume, and measuring the absorbance at the peak wavelength in the same manner. The ratio when this lycopene absorbance was taken as 100% was the lycopene of each composition. The remaining rate was.
- lycopene 18 is heat-treated at a temperature higher than the melting point of lycopene 18 together with a polyglycerol fatty acid ester having 1 to 6 glycerol units and 1 to 5 fatty acid units.
- the carotenoid-containing compositions of Examples 1 to 6 in which oil phase compositions were prepared in this way were compositions in which DSC endothermic peaks were not observed, and crystallization was suppressed, regardless of whether they were in the form of emulsion or powder. It was a thing.
- Table 2 shows the results only for the emulsion form.
- the carotenoid-containing compositions of Examples 1 to 6 all showed excellent lycopene absorbability, and the carotenoid-containing composition exhibiting high absorbency with suppressed lycopene crystallization. It was clear that it was a composition.
- Dissolve lycopene paste solution, lycopene powder and lycopene crystal solution in water for injection (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) to a lycopene mass of 6.25 mg / kg using a metallic gastric sonde. As such, it was administered by oral gavage.
- Example 4 As shown in Table 4, in the control group to which lycopene was not administered, the body weight of the rats was increased by administration of the high fat diet, but the lycopene powder composition and the oil phase composition (Example 1) and lycopene paste (comparison) In each administration group of Example 5), weight gain was suppressed. On the other hand, as shown in Table 4, in the group to which the lycopene powder composition or the oil phase composition according to this example was administered, a decrease in the amount of neutral fat in the blood was confirmed. By ingesting the composition according to the present example, the amount of blood fat was lower than that when ingesting not only a high fat diet but also a normal diet. On the other hand, in the lycopene paste administration group, it was found that the blood triglyceride content hardly decreased and a sufficient neutral fat accumulation inhibitory effect was not obtained.
- a fat reducing agent containing a crystalline carotenoid and having an effect of reducing the amount of accumulated fat can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特表2009-535303号公報において、代謝機能障害の治療へのリコピン化合物の使用が提案されており、例えば、ラクトリコピン製剤を用いて血清中の全コレステロール及びトリグレセリドの濃度を正常化することが記載されている。
また、特開2007-269631号公報には、トマトオレオレジンから抽出されたリコピンが、肝臓中及び血中の中性脂肪濃度を下げることが開示されている。
従って本発明の目的は、結晶性カロチノイドを含有し、脂肪蓄積量の低減効果が高い脂肪低減剤を提供することである。
[1] 少なくとも1種の結晶性カロチノイドを含み、当該結晶性カロチノイドの少なくとも90質量%が非結晶であるカロチノイド成分と、グリセリン単位の数が1~6であり脂肪酸単位の数が1~6であって、グリセリン単位の水酸基を少なくとも1つ有する(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルと、を含むカロチノイド含有組成物を有効成分とする脂肪低減剤。
[2] 前記結晶性カロチノイドがリコピンである[1]に記載の脂肪低減剤。
[3] 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの分子量が10000以下である[1]又は[2]記載の脂肪低減剤。
[4] 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの脂肪酸単位を構成する脂肪酸がいずれも炭素数8~22の脂肪酸である[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減剤。
[5] 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの全質量が、前記結晶性カロチノイドの全質量の0.01倍~10倍である[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減剤。
[6] 更に、酸化防止剤を含有する[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減剤。
[7] 前記酸化防止剤がアルコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸エステル及びこれらの塩から選択された少なくとも1種を、前記カロチノイド成分のモル量に対し0.01倍~10倍のモル量で含む、[6]に記載の脂肪低減剤。
[8] 更に、乳化剤を含有する[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減剤。
[9] 前記乳化剤がショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセリド、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステルから選ばれる非イオン性界面活性剤を含む、[8]に記載の脂肪低減剤。
[10] 前記カロチノイド含有組成物が、前記カロチノイド成分及び前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含む油相組成物が水及び前記乳化剤を含む水相組成物中に分散した水中油型組成物である、[8]又は[9]に記載の脂肪低減剤。
[11] 前記カロチノイド含有組成物が、前記カロチノイド成分及び前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含む油相組成物が水及び前記乳化剤を含む水相組成物中に分散した水中油型組成物を乾燥させて得られた粉末組成物である、[8]又は[9]に記載の脂肪低減剤。
[12] [1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減剤の製造方法であって、前記カロチノイド成分及び前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含む油相成分混合液を調製すること、並びに前記油相成分混合液を、前記カロチノイド成分の融点以上の温度条件で加熱することを含む製造方法。
[13] 前記加熱をするときの最高温度が、前記カロチノイド成分の融点よりも10℃以内高い温度である、[12]に記載の製造方法。
[14] 前記加熱することによって得られた油相組成物と、乳化剤を含有する水相組成物とを加圧乳化して水中油型乳化組成物を得ること、をさらに含む[12]又は[13]に記載の脂肪低減剤の製造方法。
[15] 少なくとも1種の結晶性カロチノイドを含み、当該結晶性カロチノイドの少なくとも90質量%が非結晶であるカロチノイド成分と、グリセリン単位の数が1~6であり脂肪酸単位の数が1~6であって、グリセリン単位の水酸基を少なくとも1つ有する(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルと、を含むカロチノイド含有組成物の、脂肪低減剤の製造における使用。
[16] [1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減剤を、脂肪の蓄積量の増加を伴い得る病態を示す対象、又は脂肪の蓄積量の増加を伴い得る疾患の対象へ、投与することを含む脂肪の蓄積を伴う病態又は疾患の予防又は治療方法。
[17] [1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減剤を含有する食品。
本発明において、組成物中の各成分の量について言及する場合、一成分に該当する物質が組成物中に複数存在する場合には、特に断らない限り、当該成分の量とは組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
本明細書において「工程」との語は、独立した工程だけでなく、当該工程の所期の作用を達成するものの他の工程と明確に区別できない工程、をも包含する。
本明細書において「(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステル」との表現には、グリセリン単位及び脂肪酸単位をそれぞれ1つずつ含むグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、いずれか一方を複数含むグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、いずれも複数含むグリセリン脂肪酸エステルのすべてが包含され、これらのグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを区別せずに用いる場合に使用される。
以下、本発明について説明する。
(カロチノイド含有組成物)
本発明の脂肪低減剤は、少なくとも1種の結晶性カロチノイドを含み、当該結晶性カロチノイドの少なくとも90質量%が非結晶状態であるカロチノイド成分と、グリセリン単位の数が1~6であり脂肪酸単位の数が1~6であって、グリセリン単位の水酸基を少なくとも1つ有する(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルと、を含むカロチノイド含有組成物を有効成分とするものである。前記カロチノイド含有組成物の形態は、如何なる形態であってもよく、油相を構成しうる成分(以下、単に「油相成分」と称することがある)のみで構成された油相組成物であっても、当該油相組成物と、所定の水溶性成分であって水相を構成しうる成分(以下、単に「水相成分」と称することがある)で構成された水相組成物とを、乳化剤を用いて乳化混合することにより得られた水中油型の乳化組成物であってもよい。体内吸収性の観点から、乳化組成物であることが好ましい。
[2] 前記結晶性カロチノイドがリコピンである[1]に記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物。
[3] 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの分子量が10000以下である[1]又は[2]記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物。
[4] 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの脂肪酸単位を構成する脂肪酸がいずれも炭素数8~22の脂肪酸である[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物。
[5] 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの全質量が、前記結晶性カロチノイドの全質量の0.01倍~10倍である[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物。
[6] 更に、酸化防止剤を含有する[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物。
[7] 前記酸化防止剤がアルコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸エステル及びこれらの塩から選択された少なくとも1種を、前記カロチノイド成分のモル量に対し0.01倍~10倍のモル量で含む、[6]に記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物。
[8] 更に、乳化剤を含有する[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物。
[9] 前記乳化剤がショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセリド、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステルから選ばれる非イオン性界面活性剤を含む、[8]に記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物。
[10] 前記カロチノイド含有組成物が、前記カロチノイド成分及び前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含む油相組成物が水及び前記乳化剤を含む水相組成物中に分散した水中油型組成物である、[8]又は[9]に記載の肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物。
[11] 前記カロチノイド含有組成物が、前記カロチノイド成分及び前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含む油相組成物が水及び前記乳化剤を含む水相組成物中に分散した水中油型組成物を乾燥させて得られた粉末組成物である、[8]又は[9]に記載の肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物。
[12] [1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法であって、前記カロチノイド成分及び前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含む油相成分混合液を調製すること、並びに前記油相成分混合液を、前記カロチノイド成分の融点以上の温度条件で加熱することを含む製造方法。
[13] 前記加熱をするときの最高温度が、前記カロチノイド成分の融点よりも10℃以内高い温度である、[12]に記載の製造方法。
[14] 前記加熱することによって得られた油相組成物と、乳化剤を含有する水相組成物とを加圧乳化して水中油型乳化組成物を得ること、をさらに含む[12]又は[13]に記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物の製造方法。
[15] [1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物の、脂肪低減剤の製造における使用。
[16] [1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物を使用することを特徴とする、脂肪低減のための医薬を製造する方法。
[17] [1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物を、脂肪の蓄積量の増加を伴い得る病態を示す対象、又は脂肪の蓄積量の増加を伴い得る疾患の対象へ、投与することを含む脂肪の蓄積を伴う病態又は疾患の予防又は治療方法。
[18] [1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の脂肪低減用カロチノイド含有組成物を含有する食品。
本発明のカロチノイド含有組成物におけるカロチノイド成分は、少なくとも1種の結晶性カロチノイドを含み、この結晶性カロチノイドの少なくとも90質量%が非結晶状態でカロチノイド含有組成物中に存在する。
カロチノイド成分に含まれる結晶性カロチノイドが非結晶の状態であることから、脂肪の蓄積量の低減効果を良好に発揮することができる。
結晶性カロチノイドの90質量%未満が非結晶状態である場合は、例えば、前記カロチノイド含有組成物を乳化物として調製する際に、結晶体が多くなるため、好ましくない。また、前記カロチノイド成分に含まれる結晶性カロチノイドの少なくとも90質量%が非結晶状態であることは、X線回折における本発明の組成物のスペクトルをカロチノイド結晶標品のスペクトルと比較することによっても確認することができる。
また、非結晶状態である結晶性カロチノイドの含有比率は、市販品として入手可能な結晶体であるカロチノイド試薬を用い、これを100%として、DSCピーク面積やXRD(X線回折)により得られた結果から換算することができる。結晶体であるカロチノイド試薬の市販品としては、例えば、和光純薬工業(株)から入手できる生化学用試薬などがある。
中でも、脂肪蓄積量の低減効果の観点から、結晶性カロチノイドとしては、リコピンが好ましい。
リコピン(場合によって、「リコペン(lycopene)」と称される場合がある)は、化学式C40H56(分子量536.87)のカロチノイドであり、カロチノイドの一種カロチン類に属している。リコピンは、474nm(アセトン)に吸収極大を示す赤色色素である。
リコピンには、分子中央の共役二重結合についてcis-、trans-の異性体も存在し、例えば、全trans-、9-cis体と13-cis体などが挙げられるが、本発明においては、これらのいずれであってもよい。
リコピンは、天然においてはトマト、柿、スイカ、ピンクグレープフルーツに含まれており、上記のリコピン含有オイルはこれらの天然物から分離・抽出されたものであってもよい。
また、本発明で用いられるリコピンは、前記天然物から抽出された抽出物、また、更にこの抽出物を必要に応じて適宜精製したものでもよく、また、合成品であってもよい。
本発明においては、リコピンとしては、トマトから抽出されたものが、品質、生産性の点から特に好ましい。
前記カロチノイド含有組成物における(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルは、グリセリン単位の数が1~6であり脂肪酸単位の数が1~6であって、グリセリン単位の水酸基を少なくとも1つ有する(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルである。
このような特定の(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルは、結晶性カロチノイドと高い相溶性を示し、結晶性カロチノイドの融点を低下させる。また、前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルと結晶性カロチノイドとの共溶解物では、結晶性カロチノイドの再結晶化が抑制される。この結果、良好な脂肪蓄積量低減効果を得ることができる。
共溶解時における均一溶解性の観点から、前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの分子量は10000以下であることが好ましく、3000以下であることがより好ましく、2500以下であることが更に好ましい。また、カロチノイドとの親和性の観点から、前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルのHLBは9以下であることが好ましく、6以下であることがより好ましい。
前記カロチノイド含有組成物に使用可能な(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルは、1種を単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
また、前記カロチノイド含有組成物は、酸化防止剤を含有するものであることが好ましい。
このような酸化防止剤としては、アスコルビン酸化合物を例として挙げることができる。前記アスコルビン酸化合物の例には、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸エステル及びこれらの塩から選択された少なくとも1種(以下、「アスコルビン酸系酸化防止剤」と称する場合がある)が含まれる。アスコルビン酸系酸化防止剤は高温処理時にカロチノイド成分の保護剤として作用すると推測される。このような酸化防止剤を用いることよって、カロチノイド成分の加熱による分解(例えば、酸化分解等)を確実に抑制して、カロチノイド含有組成物の製造工程におけるカロチノイド成分の減少を抑えることができる。
前記カロチノイド含有組成物には、上記の各成分の他、通常油相成分として用いられる他の油性成分を含んでもよい。
このような他の油性成分は、水性媒体に溶解せず、油性媒体に溶解する成分であれば、特に限定はなく、目的に応じた物性や機能性を有するものを適宜選択して使用することができ、例えば、不飽和脂肪酸類、ココナッツ油等の油脂類、トコフェロール等の脂溶性ビタミン、ユビキノン類が好ましく用いられる。
ユビキノン類としては、コエンザイムQ10のようなコエンザイムQ類等が例として挙げられる。
トコトリエノール及びその誘導体からなる化合物群には、α-トコトリエノール、β-トコトリエノール、γ-トコトリエノール、δ-トコトリエノール等が含まれる。また、トコトリエノール誘導体としては、これらの酢酸エステルが好ましく用いられる。
前記液体の油脂としては、例えばオリーブ油、ツバキ油、マカデミアナッツ油、ヒマシ油、アボガド油、月見草油、タートル油、トウモロコシ油、ミンク油、ナタネ油、卵黄油、ゴマ油、パーシック油、小麦胚芽油、サザンカ油、アマニ油、サフラワー油、綿実油、エノ油、大豆油、落花生油、茶実油、カヤ油、コメヌカ油、シナギリ油、日本キリ油、ホホバ油、胚芽油、トリグリセリン、トリオクタン酸グリセリン、トリイソパルチミン酸グリセリン、サラダ油、サフラワー油(ベニバナ油)、パーム油、ココナッツ油、ピーナッツ油、アーモンド油、ヘーゼルナッツ油、ウォルナッツ油、グレープシード油、スクワレン、スクワラン等が挙げられる。
また、前記固体の油脂としては、牛脂、硬化牛脂、牛脚脂、牛骨脂、ミンク油、卵黄油、豚脂、馬脂、羊脂、硬化油、カカオ脂、ヤシ油、硬化ヤシ油、パーム油、パーム硬化油、モクロウ、モクロウ核油、硬化ヒマシ油等が例として挙げられる。
上記の中でも、エマルション組成物の粒子径、安定性の観点から、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライドであるココナッツ油が好ましく用いられる。
前記トコフェロール類を他の油相成分と併用する場合には、前記トコフェロール類は、好ましくは、油性成分の全質量の5質量%~35質量%、より好ましくは7質量%~20質量%の範囲で併用することができる。
前述したように、前記カロチノイド含有組成物は、乳化剤を含み、上記の油相組成物と水相組成物とを乳化混合して得られた水中油型乳化組成物としてもよく、当該水中油型乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる粉末組成物としてもよい。
乳化組成物の場合には、油相組成物の含有量は、油性成分の機能発揮の観点から、好ましくは乳化組成物全質量の0.1質量%~50質量%、より好ましくは0.5質量%~25質量%、更に好ましくは0.2質量%~10質量%である。また、粉末組成物の場合には、油相組成物の含有量は、粉末組成物全質量の10質量%~50質量%であることが好ましく、10質量%~40質量%であることがより好ましく、10質量%~30質量%であることが更に好ましい。
前記水相組成物は、水性媒体、特に水で構成されており、少なくとも乳化剤を含むものであることが好ましい。
また、前記乳化剤は、乳化力の観点から、HLBが10以上であることが好ましく、12以上が更に好ましい。HLBが低すぎると、乳化力が不十分となることがある。なお、抑泡効果の観点からHLB=5以上10未満の乳化剤を併用してもよい。
ここで、HLBは、通常界面活性剤の分野で使用される親水性-疎水性のバランスで、通常用いる計算式、例えば川上式等が使用できる。川上式を次に示す。
HLB=7+11.7log(Mw/M0)
ここで、Mwは親水基の分子量、M0は疎水基の分子量である。
また、カタログ等に記載されているHLBの数値を使用してもよい。
また、上記の式からも分かるように、HLBの加成性を利用して、任意のHLB値の乳化剤を得ることができる。
また、乳化剤の総質量は、粉末組成物及び乳化組成物の形態のいずれにおいても、カロチノイド成分を含む油性成分の合計質量の0.1倍~10倍の範囲で用いることができ、分散粒子の微細化と発泡抑制の点から、0.5倍~8倍が好ましく、0.8倍~5倍が特に好ましい。乳化剤の総質量がこの範囲内であれば、組成物の分散安定性を良好なものにすることができる。なお、本発明における「乳化剤」には、前述した所定の(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルは含まれない。
本発明においては、これらのショ糖脂肪酸エステルを、単独又は混合して用いることができる。
このようなポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル(第2のポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル)としては、平均重合度が2以上、好ましくは6~15、より好ましくは8~10のポリグリセリンと、炭素数8~18の脂肪酸、例えば、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、及びリノール酸と、のエステルが例として挙げられる。
ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル(第2のポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル)の好ましい例としては、ヘキサグリセリンモノオレイン酸エステル、ヘキサグリセリンモノステアリン酸エステル、ヘキサグリセリンモノパルミチン酸エステル、ヘキサグリセリンモノミリスチン酸エステル、ヘキサグリセリンモノラウリン酸エステル、デカグリセリンモノオレイン酸エステル、デカグリセリンモノステアリン酸エステル、デカグリセリンモノパルミチン酸エステル、デカグリセリンモノミリスチン酸エステル、デカグリセリンモノラウリン酸エステル等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、より好ましくは、デカグリセリンモノオレイン酸エステル(HLB=12)、デカグリセリンモノステアリン酸エステル(HLB=12)、デカグリセリンモノパルミチン酸エステル(HLB=13)、デカグリセリンモノミリスチン酸エステル(HLB=14)、デカグリセリンモノラウリン酸エステル(HLB=16)などである。
これらのポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを、単独又は混合して用いることができる。
本発明においては、これらのソルビタン脂肪酸エステルを、単独又は混合して用いることができる。
ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステルの好ましい例としては、ポリオキシエチレンモノカプリル酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンモノラウリン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンモノステアリン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンセスキステアリン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレントリステアリン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンイソステアリン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンセスキイソステアリン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンオレイン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレンセスキオレイン酸ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレントリオレイン酸ソルビタン等が挙げられる。
これらのポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステルを、単独又は混合して用いることができる。
本発明に用いうるリン脂質は、グリセリン骨格と脂肪酸残基及びリン酸残基を必須構成成分とし、これに、塩基や多価アルコール等が結合したもので、レシチンとも称されるものである。リン脂質は、分子内に親水基と疎水基を有しているため、従来から、食品、医薬品、化粧品分野で、広く乳化剤として使用されている。
このようなリン脂質の具体例としては、例えば、大豆、トウモロコシ、落花生、ナタネ、麦等の植物や、卵黄、牛等の動物及び大腸菌等の微生物等から由来する各種レシチンを挙げることができる。
このようなレシチンを化合物名で例示すると、ホスファチジン酸、ホスファチジルグリセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルメチルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルセリン、ビスホスアチジン酸、ジホスファチジルグリセリン(カルジオリピン)等のグリセロレシチン;スフィンゴミエリン等のスフィンゴレシチン等を挙げることができる。
また、本発明においては、上記の高純度レシチン以外にも、水素添加レシチン、酵素分解レシチン、酵素分解水素添加レシチン、ヒドロキシレシチン等を使用することができる。本発明で用いることができるこれらのレシチンは、単独又は複数種の混合物の形態で用いることができる。
前記カロチノイド含有組成物が、乳化組成物を乾燥して得られる粉末組成物である場合には、前記カロチノイド含有組成物は、乾燥時の粉末化過程や粉末保存時に油滴を保護するために、水溶性包括剤を含むことが好ましい。これにより、油滴粒径を微細な状態に保つと共に油滴中のカロチノイド成分の劣化を抑えることができる。
また、水溶性包括剤は、粉末組成物を水に再溶解したときには油性成分の水分散性を良好なものにすることができると共に、再溶解後のカロチノイド含有組成物の透明性も良好なものにすることができる。
本発明における果糖ポリマー又はオリゴマーは、果糖(フルクトース)を繰り返し単位として含むと共に、複数の糖単位が脱水縮合で結合した糖単位からなるポリマー又はオリゴマーを指す。本発明では、果糖単位を含む糖の繰り返し単位が20個未満のものを果糖オリゴマー、20個以上のものを果糖ポリマーと称する。
果糖ポリマー又はオリゴマーが果糖以外の糖類を含む場合、その含有比率は、乾燥適性と粉末組成物の再溶解性時に微細な油滴を得る観点から、果糖単位数に対して重合度(単位数)で50%以下であり、好ましくは30%以下である。
通常天然から抽出されるイヌリンは、GF2(ケストース)、GF3(ニストース)、GF4(フラクトシルニストース)からGF60程度までのポリマーかオリゴマー、またはそれらの混合物である。
また、本発明における果糖オリゴマー及びポリマーは、β-フルクトフラノシダーゼのフラクタン転移活性を利用して、ショ糖(スクロース)から調製されたものであってもよい。この例としては、フジFF(フジ日本精糖(株)製)、GF2(明治製菓(株))を挙げることができる。
本発明の果糖ポリマー又はオリゴマーは、乳化時に添加されていることが好ましいが、その一部または全部を乳化後に添加することもできる。
なお、水溶性包括剤は、カロチノイド含有組成物の水相に含まれていればよく、後述する加圧乳化の際に水相組成物として含まれていてもよく、加圧乳化後のカロチノイド含有組成物の水相に添加してもよい。
上記成分の他、食品等の分野において通常用いられる成分を、前記カロチノイド含有組成物に、当該カロチノイド含有組成物の形態に応じて適宜配合してもよい。添加成分は、添加成分の特性に応じて、油相成分混合液、カロチノイド含有油相組成物又は水相組成物の成分として配合してもよく、カロチノイド含有組成物の水相への添加成分として配合してもよい。
その他、例えば、種々の薬効成分、pH調整剤、pH緩衝剤、紫外線吸収剤、防腐剤、香料、着色剤など、通常、その用途で使用される他の添加物を併用することができる。
本発明の脂肪低減剤は、前記カロチノイド成分及び前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含む油相成分混合液を調製すること(油相成分混合液調製工程という)、油相成分混合液を、前記カロチノイド成分の融点以上の温度条件で加熱すること(油相成分加熱工程という)を含む製造方法により得ることができる。
本製造方法によれば、油相成分混合液を、非結晶性カロチノイド成分の融点以上の温度で加熱するので、カロチノイド成分中の結晶性カロチノイドの再結晶化を抑制して、非結晶状態を安定して維持されたカロチノイド含有組成物を得ることができる。このため、本製造方法によれば、このようなカロチノイド含有組成物を有効成分とする脂肪低減剤を効率よく得ることができる。
例えば、カロチノイド成分として天然物由来のカロチノイド含有オイルを用いた場合には、不純物等が含まれる場合があり、結晶性カロチノイドの融点よりも低い温度でカロチノイド成分中の結晶性カロチノイドが溶解することが知られている。この場合には、カロチノイド成分中の結晶性カロチノイドが溶解する温度が、本発明における「カロチノイド成分の融点」に該当する。
カロチノイド成分の融点は、融点を確認するために一般に用いられている方法によって確認することができ、例えば、DSCによって確認することができる。
上記油相成分加熱工程によって、油相組成物としてのカロチノイド含有組成物が得られる。
(1) 前記結晶性カロチノイドを含むカロチノイド成分と、前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルとを混合して油相成分混合液を得ること、及び油相成分混合液を、前記カロチノイド成分の融点以上であって、該カロチノイド成分の融点との差が10℃以内である温度を最高温度とする温度条件で15分~45分間加熱すること、を含む製造方法;
(2) リコピンを含むカロチノイド成分と、前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルとを混合して油相成分混合液を得ること、及び油相成分混合液を、150℃~170℃の温度条件で加熱すること、を含む製造方法;
(3) リコピンを含むカロチノイド成分と、前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルと、アスコルビン酸及びアスコルビン酸エステルから選択された少なくとも1種であるアスコルビン酸系酸化防止剤と、を混合して油相成分混合液を得ること、及び油相成分混合液を、150℃~170℃の温度条件で加熱すること、を含む製造方法。
前記カロチノイド含有組成物が乳化組成物である場合には、油相成分加熱工程の後に、油相成分加熱工程により得られた油相組成物と、乳化剤を含有する水相成分を含む水相組成物とを、乳化すること(乳化工程)を含んでもよい。
これにより、カロチノイド成分を含む油相成分が油滴(乳化粒子)として水中に微細分散された水中油滴型の乳化組成物を得ることができる。この乳化組成物では、結晶性カロチノイドを含むカロチノイド成分が安定して維持される。
油相/水相比率を0.1/99.9以上とすることにより、有効成分含量が低くならないためエマルション組成物の実用上の問題が生じない傾向となり好ましい。また、油相/水相比率を50/50以下とすることにより、乳化剤濃度が薄くなることがなく、乳化組成物の乳化安定性が悪化しない傾向となり好ましい。
具体的には、剪断作用を利用する通常の乳化装置(例えば、スターラーやインペラー攪拌、ホモミキサー、連続流通式剪断装置等)を用いて乳化するという1ステップの乳化操作に加えて、高圧ホモジナイザー等を通して乳化する等の方法で2種以上の乳化装置を併用するのが特に好ましい。高圧ホモジナイザーを使用することで、乳化物を更に均一な微粒子の液滴に揃えることができる。また、更に均一な粒子径の液滴とする目的で上記のような乳化を複数回行ってもよい。
高圧ホモジナイザーには大きく分けて、固定した絞り部を有するチャンバー型高圧ホモジナイザーと、絞りの開度を制御するタイプの均質バルブ型高圧ホモジナイザーがある。
チャンバー型高圧ホモジナイザーの例としては、マイクロフルイダイザー(マイクロフルイディクス社製)、ナノマイザー(吉田機械興業(株)製)、アルティマイザー((株)スギノマシン製)等が挙げられる。
均質バルブ型高圧ホモジナイザーの例としては、ゴーリンタイプホモジナイザー(APV社製)、ラニエタイプホモジナイザー(ラニエ社製)、高圧ホモジナイザー(ニロ・ソアビ社製)、ホモゲナイザー(三和機械(株)製)、高圧ホモゲナイザー(イズミフードマシナリ(株)製)、超高圧ホモジナイザー(イカ社製)等が挙げられる。
また、本発明において高圧ホモジナイザーを用いる場合には、好ましくは50MPa以上、より好ましくは50MPa~280MPa、更に好ましくは100MPa~280MPaの圧力で処理を行うことが好ましい。
また、乳化分散された組成物である乳化液をチャンバー通過直後30秒以内、好ましくは3秒以内に何らかの冷却器を通して冷却することが、分散粒子の粒子径保持の観点から好ましい。
本発明では熱に比較的弱い機能性素材を含むことが多いため、減圧乾燥、真空乾燥、凍結乾燥、噴霧乾燥が好ましい。また、真空乾燥の一方法であるが、0℃以下氷結温度以上の温度を保ちながら真空(減圧)乾燥する方法も好ましい。
真空乾燥又は減圧乾燥する場合、突沸による飛散を回避するため、徐々に減圧度を上げながら濃縮を繰り返しつつ、乾燥させることが好ましい。
市販の凍結乾燥機の例としては、凍結乾燥機VD-800F(タイテック(株))、フレキシドライMP(FTSシステムズ社)、デュラトップ・デュラストップ(FTSシステムズ社)、宝真空凍結乾燥機A型((株)宝エーテーエム)、卓上凍結乾燥機FD-1000(東京理化器械(株))、真空凍結乾燥機FD-550(東京理化器械(株))、真空凍結乾燥機((株)宝製作所)等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない。
また、例えば流動層造粒乾燥機MP-01((株)パウレック)、流動層内蔵型スプレードライヤFSD(ニロ社)等のように乾燥と造粒とを同時に行える装置を用いて、乾燥と同時に取り扱い性の優れた顆粒状に成形することも好ましい。
即ち、粒径を測定する際には、水中油型乳化組成物の場合には純水で20倍に希釈し、粉末組成物の場合には固形分濃度が1質量%となるように純水で希釈を行い、粒径アナライザーFPAR-1000(大塚電子(株))を用いて求めたメジアン径(d=50)を粒径(平均粒径)とする。
本発明の脂肪低減剤は、上述したカロチノイド含有組成物を有効成分として含む。なお、前記脂肪低減剤は、前記カロチノイド含有組成物のみで構成されていてもよく、前記カロチノイド含有組成物と共に脂肪低減剤の剤型に応じた医薬として許容可能な担体をさらに含むものとしてもよい。
本発明にかかる食品は、脂肪低減剤を含有するものであればよく、脂肪低減剤に関する事項が、本発明の食品においてもそのまま適用可能である。
本発明にかかる食品における脂肪低減剤の含有量は、脂肪の蓄積量の低減効果が得られる範囲であればよく、脂肪低減剤は、例えば、有効成分として食品の全質量の0.001質量%以上含有されていればよい。
機能性食品として用いられる場合には、本発明にかかる粉末組成物の添加量は、製品の種類や目的などによって異なり一概には規定できないが、製品に対して、0.01~10質量%、好ましくは、0.05~5質量%の範囲となるように添加して用いることができる。添加量が0.01質量%以上であれば目的の効果の発揮が期待でき、10質量%以下であれば、適切な効果を効率よく発揮できることが多い。
このような脂肪の蓄積量の増加を伴う病態又は疾患の例としては、高脂血症、肥満、生活習慣病,・高血圧、動脈硬化、糖尿病、心筋梗塞、脳梗塞等を挙げることができる。
なお、脂肪の蓄積量の低減とは、本脂肪低減剤の投与前に比べ投与後において、体内、例えば、血中、皮下、内臓などに蓄積した、或いは蓄積し得る脂肪、特に中性脂肪の量が低減すること又は増加が抑制されることの双方を含むことを意味する。
(1)油相組成物の調製
下記に示される油相成分(ミックストコフェロールを除く)を、室温から160℃~165℃の範囲となるように調整し、20分間加熱しながら攪拌溶解して、カロチノイド含有油相組成物を得た。得られたカロチノイド含有油相組成物を、60℃に調整して保温し、攪拌しながらミックストコフェロールを添加して油相組成物1を得た。
(2)水相組成物の調製
下記に示される水相成分を、70℃で加熱しながら、混合攪拌して溶解した後、600W超音波ホモジナイザー((株)日本精機製作所社製 US-150T)にて90秒間、粗分散して、水相組成物1を得た。
・リコピンペースト(リコピン濃度18%) 8.9g
・モノステアリン酸ジグリセリル 0.9g
・アスコルビン酸カルシウム50%溶液 7.1g
・ミックストコフェロール 1.3g
・ショ糖ラウリン酸エステル 11.1g
・レシチン 1.8g
・イヌリン 25.6g
・水 246.9g
油相組成物1を攪拌しながら60℃に保温し、これに、上記で作製し70℃に保温された水相組成物1を添加して、600W超音波ホモジナイザーにて3分間分散を行い、粗分散乳化物1を得た(リコピン濃度0.53%)。
次いで、粗分散乳化物1を、スターバーストミニ(株式会社スギノマシン製)を用いて、245MPaの圧力及び30℃での高圧乳化処理を4回繰り返して、乳化物1を得た。
油相成分及び水相成分の種類及び含有量を表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして油相組成物2~5、7~8及び水相組成物2~5、7~8を得た。実施例1と同様にして、油相組成物2~5、7~8と、水相組成物2~5、7~8とを用いて乳化を行って乳化物2~5、7~8を得た。更に噴霧乾燥を行って、粉末組成物2~5、7~8を得た。
なお、表1中、トリ(カプリル酸・カプロン酸)グリセリンはココナードMT(HLB=1、花王(株)製)、ペンタステアリン酸ヘキサグリセリルはHexaglyn 5-SV(グリセリン数7、ステアリン酸数5、日光ケミカルズ(株)製)、リン酸アスコルビン酸マグネシウムはアスコルビン酸PM(昭和電工(株)製)、モノステアリン酸デカグリセリルはDecaglyn1-SV(グリセリン数10、ステアリン酸数1、HLB=12.0、日光ケミカルズ(株))をそれぞれ使用した。
油相成分及び水相成分の種類及び含有量を表1に示すように変更し、噴霧乾燥を行わなかった以外は、実施例1と同様に各相の組成物の調製と乳化を行って、乳化物6を得た。
なお、表1中、モノステアリン酸グリセリルは、MGS-F50V(グリセリン数1、ステアリン酸数1、日光ケミカルズ(株)製HLB=3.5、)、モノラウリン酸デカグリセリルは、Decaglyn1-L(グリセリン数10、ラウリン酸数1、HLB=15.5、日光ケミカルズ(株))を使用し、グリセリンは花王(株)製を使用した。
油相成分及び水相成分の種類及び含有量を表1に示すように変更し、油相成分を混合したのみで加熱を行わずに油相組成物を調製した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各相の組成物の調製、乳化及び噴霧乾燥を行って、粉末組成物9を得た。
油相組成物を調製する際の加熱処理を70℃で30分間とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各相の組成物の調製、乳化及び噴霧乾燥を行って、粉末組成物10を得た。
乾燥工程前の乳化物と、得られた粉末組成物の評価は、以下のとおりに行った。また、比較例5として、リコピン18のみの場合も評価した。これらの評価結果を表2に示す。
DSC Q2000(ティー・エイ・インスツルメント・ジャパン(株))を使用し、乳化物のものは凍結乾燥し水分を除去して、粉末組成物のものは粉末状態で、30℃~200℃の温度範囲で昇温-降温(15℃/min)の1サイクルで吸熱、発熱温度を求めた。
(b)偏光顕微鏡観察による結晶評価
PCLIPSE LV100POL ((株)ニコン)を使用して、乳化物のものは乳化物として、粉末組成物は、固形分濃度が1%となるように水に分散させて乳化物とした後、目視にて観察した。目視観察の評価結果は、以下のとおりに行った。なお、A~Cの評価は、結晶性カロチノイドの少なくとも90質量%以上が非結晶状態であることに相当する。
目視評価 A:リコピン由来の結晶が殆ど認められない
B:僅かにリコピン由来の結晶が認められる程度
C:リコピン由来の結晶が散在するがわずか。
D:観察画像一面にリコピン由来の結晶が存在する
水相成分及び油相成分により得られた乳化物中の分散粒子の平均粒径は、乳化物に純水を添加して20倍に希釈し、また粉末組成物については固形分濃度が1%となるように純水を添加して乳化物とした後に、それぞれ、粒子径アナライザー FPARE-1000(大塚電子(株))を用いて25℃でのd=50の値を平均粒子径として読み取った。
実施例1、3~6及び比較例1~4の乳化物又は粉末組成物の場合は、0.005容量%のリコピン濃度となるように、乳化物は、アセトンで1062倍希釈して充分に溶解させた。一方、粉末組成物は、同様に0.005%容量リコピン濃度となるように純水を添加して乳化物とした後に5.65倍に希釈し充分に溶解させ、アセトンで1062倍希釈し充分に溶解させた。ついで、0.45μmのフィルタで濾過した後、その濾過物の最大ピーク波長の吸光度(465nm~475nm)を、分光光度計V-630(日本分光(株)製)で測定した。
なお、実施例2の場合は、0.005容量%のリコピン濃度となるように、乳化物はアセトンで708倍希釈し、一方、粉末組成物は、純水を添加して乳化物とした後に5.65倍に希釈し充分に溶解させ、アセトンで708倍希釈し充分に溶解させた以外は、実施例1,3~6及び比較例1~4同様に行って、残存率を測定した。
評価は、リコピン18をリコピン濃度0.005容量%となるようにアセトンで希釈して同様にピーク波長の吸光度を測定し、このリコピンの吸光度を100%とした時の割合を各組成物のリコピンの残存率とした。
実施例1~6、比較例1~5の乳化物又は粉末組成物(比較例5は、ココナードMTでリコピン濃度2mg/mlに調整した希釈物)を、リコピン濃度2mg/mlに希釈して、非絶食6週齢の雄ラットに、10ml/kgの投与容量で経口投与(各群n=4)し、投与後、1、2、3、4、6、8、24h後に各0.4mlの血液を採取した。
採取した血液を遠心分離し上澄みの血漿を0.1ml取り出た。この血漿を、アセトン溶解させた後に、ヘキサンを加えて静置し、上澄み液を回収した。回収した上澄み液を固化乾燥させた後に、クロロホルム/メタノール=1/1(v/v)に再溶解させて、HPLCHPLCにてリコピンの含量を求めた。
投与から採血までの時間と血漿中のリコピン濃度との関係をグラフ化し、それぞれの投与組成物について投与後から8時間のAUC(血中濃度-時間曲線下面積)を求め、動態吸収値とした。結果を下記表2に示す。この数値が大きいほど、血中の有効成分濃度が高いと評価する。
また、ラットへの投与実験の結果より、実施例1~6のカロチノイド含有組成物はいずれも、優れたリコピン吸収性を示しており、リコピンの結晶化が抑制されて高い吸収性を示すカロチノイド含有組成物であることが明らかであった。
上記実施例1の粉末組成物1と、粉末組成物1を調製する際に得られた油相組成物について、以下のようにして、脂肪蓄積抑制効果について評価した。
生後5週齢のオスのSprague Dawley(登録商標)ラット(SDラット)(CLEA Japan, Inc., Shizuoka, Japan)を購入し、1週間の検疫馴化を行なった後、ラットをランダムに8匹ごとの群に分けた。リコピン粉末及びリコピン結晶溶解液を注射用水(Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)に溶解し、金属性胃ゾンデを用いてリコピン質量にして0.25mg/kg、1.25mg/kg、6.25mg/kgの各量になるように強制経口胃内投与した。1日1回4週間反復投与を行ない、投与最終日の夕刻から、16時間の絶食を行ない、採血後、放血により安楽死させた。得られた血液を用いて、中性脂肪量の測定を行った。
また、対照群に対しては、比較例5(リコピンペーストのみ)又は注射用水のみを、実施例1の粉末組成物1及び油相組成物と同様に、ラットへ投与して、採血後、中性脂肪量を測定した。
結果を表3に示す。表3に示されるように、本実施例に係るリコピン粉末組成物又は油相組成物を投与した群では、血中の中性脂肪の低下が確認された。
上記実施例1の粉末組成物1と、粉末組成物1を調製する際に得られた油相組成物について、以下のようにして、高脂肪食を与えた場合の脂肪蓄積抑制効果について評価した。
生後5週齢のオスのSprague Dawley(登録商標)ラット(SDラット)(CLEA Japan, Inc., Shizuoka, Japan)を購入し、1週間の検疫馴化を行なった後、ラットをランダムに8匹ごとの群に分け、1群を除いて食餌を高脂肪食に切り替えた。
リコピンペースト溶解液、リコピン粉末及びリコピン結晶溶解液を注射用水(Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)に溶解し、金属性胃ゾンデを用いてリコピン質量にして6.25mg/kgになるように強制経口胃内投与した。1日1回4週間反復投与を行ない、投与最終日の夕刻から、16時間の絶食を行ない、採血後、放血により安楽死させた。その後、臓器を摘出し、臓器重量の測定を行った。得られた血液を用いて測定を行った。
また、対照群に対しては、比較例5(リコピンペーストのみ)を、実施例1の粉末組成物1及び油相組成物と同様に、ラットへ投与して、採血後、中性脂肪量を測定した。
結果を表4に示す。
一方、表4に示されるように、本実施例に係るリコピン粉末組成物又は油相組成物を投与した群では、血中の中性脂肪の量の低下が確認された。本実施例に係る組成物を摂取することにより、高脂肪食のみならず普通食を摂取したときよりも血中脂肪の量が低いものであった。これに対して、リコピンペースト投与群では、血中中性脂肪量は殆ど低下せず、充分な中性脂肪蓄積抑制効果が得らないことがわかった。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に援用されて取り込まれる。
Claims (16)
- 少なくとも1種の結晶性カロチノイドを含み、当該結晶性カロチノイドの少なくとも90質量%が非結晶状態であるカロチノイド成分と、
グリセリン単位の数が1~6であり脂肪酸単位の数が1~6であって、グリセリン単位の水酸基を少なくとも1つ有する(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルと、
を含むカロチノイド含有組成物を有効成分とする脂肪低減剤。 - 前記結晶性カロチノイドがリコピンである請求項1記載の脂肪低減剤。
- 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの分子量が10000以下である請求項1又は請求項2記載の脂肪低減剤。
- 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの脂肪酸単位を構成する脂肪酸がいずれも炭素数8~22の脂肪酸である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項記載の脂肪低減剤。
- 前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの全質量が、前記結晶性カロチノイドの全質量の0.01倍~10倍である請求項1~請求項4のいずれか一項記載の脂肪低減剤。
- 更に、酸化防止剤を含有する請求項1~請求項5のいずれか一項記載の脂肪低減剤。
- 前記酸化防止剤がアルコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸エステル及びこれらの塩から選択された少なくとも1種を、前記カロチノイド成分のモル量に対し0.01倍~10倍のモル量で含む、請求項6に記載の脂肪低減剤。
- 更に、乳化剤を含有する請求項1~請求項7のいずれか一項記載の脂肪低減剤。
- 前記乳化剤がショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセリド、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステルから選ばれる非イオン性界面活性剤を含む、請求項8に記載の脂肪低減剤。
- 前記カロチノイド含有組成物が、前記カロチノイド成分及び前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含む油相組成物が水及び前記乳化剤を含む水相組成物中に分散した水中油型組成物である、請求項8又は請求項9に記載の脂肪低減剤。
- 前記カロチノイド含有組成物が、前記カロチノイド成分及び前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含む油相組成物が水及び前記乳化剤を含む水相組成物中に分散した水中油型組成物を乾燥させて得られた粉末組成物である、請求項8又は請求項9に記載の脂肪低減剤。
- 請求項1~請求項11のいずれか一項記載の脂肪低減剤の製造方法であって、
前記カロチノイド成分及び前記(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルを含む油相成分混合液を調製すること、並びに
前記油相成分混合液を、前記カロチノイド成分の融点以上の温度条件で加熱すること
を含む製造方法。 - 前記加熱をするときの最高温度が、前記カロチノイド成分の融点よりも10℃以内高い温度である、請求項12に記載の製造方法。
- 前記加熱することによって得られた油相組成物と、乳化剤を含有する水相組成物とを加圧乳化して水中油型乳化組成物を得ること、
をさらに含む請求項12又は請求項13記載の脂肪低減剤の製造方法。 - 少なくとも1種の結晶性カロチノイドを含み、当該結晶性カロチノイドの少なくとも90質量%が非結晶状態であるカロチノイド成分と、
グリセリン単位の数が1~6であり脂肪酸単位の数が1~6であって、グリセリン単位の水酸基を少なくとも1つ有する(ポリ)グリセリン脂肪酸エステルと、
を含むカロチノイド含有組成物の、脂肪低減剤の製造における使用。 - 請求項1~請求項11のいずれか一項記載の脂肪低減剤を含有する食品。
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JP2014108104A (ja) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | Fujifilm Corp | 飲料 |
CN103652546B (zh) * | 2013-09-29 | 2015-05-06 | 北京雷力联合海洋生物科技有限公司 | 一种营养组合物及其制备方法和用途 |
US20210046006A1 (en) | 2018-03-09 | 2021-02-18 | Astareal Co., Ltd. | Emulsion composition |
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