CN115812799A - 一种降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂的制备方法,属于油脂添加剂技术领域,具体制备方法如下:将牛油果油和葡萄籽油混合,牛油果油和葡萄籽油的混合物;在牛油果油和葡萄籽油的混合物中添加聚乙二醇和维生素A,并将混合物在0~4℃的条件下均质,均质完成后得到混合油;按照体积比1∶1~1∶3向卵磷脂溶液中添加混合油,匀浆乳化,乳化结束后缓慢加入混合液体积的半乳甘露聚糖水溶液,搅拌、喷雾干燥,得到降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂。所述油脂添加剂可以快速溶解在各种食用油中,并降低油脂的吸收率,起到减肥降脂的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及油脂添加剂技术领域,具体为一种降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂的制备方法。
背景技术
当人体进食热量多于消耗热量时,多余热量以脂肪形式储存于体内,其量超过正常生理需要量,且达一定值时遂演变为肥胖症。碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质可以为人类提供热量,其中,脂肪提供的热量最多,而脂肪又分为植物脂肪和动物脂肪,即为我们常见的植物油和动物油脂。随着目前生活条件不断变好,饮食越来越好,人每天摄入的脂肪量越来越多,肥胖的人在人群中也越来越多,因此,如何降低脂肪的吸收率,增加脂肪代谢是当前研究的热门领域。
鳄梨俗称牛油果,是樟科鳄梨属植物,常绿乔木,耐阴植物。高约10米,树皮灰绿色,纵裂。叶互生,长椭圆形、椭圆形、卵形或倒卵形,先端极尖,基部楔形、极尖至近圆形,革质,上面绿色,下面通常稍苍白色。花淡绿带黄色,长5-6毫米,花梗长达6毫米,密被黄褐色短柔毛。花被两面密被黄褐色短柔毛,花被筒倒锥形。果大,通常梨形,有时卵形或球形,黄绿色或红棕色,外果皮木栓质,中果皮肉质,可食。花期2-3月,果期8-9月。
葡萄籽中含有各种营养活性成分,其中,葡萄籽含油量为10%~20%,绝大多数品种的葡萄籽油中不饱和脂肪酸比例达总脂肪酸的70%以上,有的甚至高达81%,葡萄籽油属于高亚油酸型油脂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可以添加到食用油中,并能够快速分散均匀,并能够降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂,所述降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
①在牛油果油中按照体积比加入5~15%的葡萄籽油,得到牛油果油和葡萄籽油的混合物;
②在牛油果油和葡萄籽油的混合物中按照质量体积比添加0.03~0.1%的聚乙二醇和0.0005~0.005%的维生素A,并将混合物在0~4℃的条件下均质,均质完成后得到混合油;
③配制卵磷脂浓度为3%-10%(w/w)的卵磷脂溶液,按照体积比1:1~1:3向其中添加混合油,匀浆乳化,乳化结束后缓慢加入0.25~0.5倍混合液体积的半乳甘露聚糖水溶液,搅拌10~60min,搅拌完成后喷雾干燥,得到降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂。
进一步,所述牛油果油的制备方法如下:将新鲜牛油果果肉置于蒸馏水中,粉碎打浆;在水浴温度为50℃下搅拌;离心,离心后牛油果油及乳化层会悬浮于最上层,取出最上层的油脂与乳化层,冷冻破乳,破乳后再解冻,离心取上清液,得到牛油果油。
进一步,所述半乳甘露聚糖水溶液的浓度为6~8%。
进一步,所述匀浆乳化的条件为15000~20000r/min。
进一步,所述搅拌的条件是1000~2000r/min。
进一步,所述离心的条件为3000~15000r/min离心5~20min。
进一步,所述新鲜牛油果果肉与蒸馏水的料液比为1:1~1:5。
附图说明
图1是实施例各组干预后小鼠肝脏病理学变化显微图
图2是实施例各组干预后小鼠脂肪组织形态图
图3是实施例各组干预后的小鼠形态对比图
有益效果
作为蛋白质类激素的成员之一,瘦素主要是由脂肪细胞分泌产生的,可直接参与到糖、脂肪以及能量等代谢进程的调控过程中,促使摄入食物总量下降,大量能量得以生成,脂肪细胞的生长发育受到干扰,最终促使体重下降。一旦体重下降,机体的血浆水平可明显降低,瘦素随之减少,食物的代谢速率受到影响,进而促使体重呈现上升趋势。脂肪酸结合蛋白隶属于胞质蛋白,可与长链脂肪酸发生反应后被运送至多个细胞器。经研究数据显示,若脂肪酸结合蛋白所具备的浓度水平提升,可引发高血压、高血脂等多种疾病。不饱和脂肪酸可推动FFAR4表达水平的降低,改善胰岛素抵抗,调节血压。
通过研究发现在牛油果油和葡萄籽油的不饱和脂肪酸的组成,发现其中的不饱和脂肪酸有互补的作用,合在一起的抗氧化和减肥效果要显著强于各自的减肥效果。其中,牛油果的中按照体积比加入5~15%的葡萄籽油,得到牛油果油和葡萄籽油的混合物,在该比例下,是最佳的降低脂肪吸收率的效果。由于牛油果油和葡萄籽油含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸,在贮藏过程中,不饱和脂肪酸会不断的被氧化,因此,申请人采用包埋的方式将不饱和脂肪酸保护起来,其添加到油脂中可以均匀的发挥其降低脂肪吸收率的作用。相关的实验数据如下。
通过GC-MS分析牛油果油脂肪酸的组成及其含量可以看出,其不饱和脂肪酸含量高达77.65%,而且其比例主要以油酸和亚油酸为主,葡萄籽油中的不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的91%以上。其中亚油酸和油酸是主要组成成分,占总脂肪酸的86%~91%,属于典型的亚油酸-油酸型油脂。这两者的比例结合后,可以达到优势不饱和脂肪酸互补作用,通过小鼠实验发现,其脂肪吸收率显著低于分别单独使用牛油果油和葡萄籽油。
(1)羟基自由基清除作用
取适量样品用无水乙醇梯度稀释至质量浓度分别为0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2、1.5mg/mL的溶液,混合均匀。分别吸取2mL上述样品溶液,依次加入6mmol/LFeSO4溶液2mL、6mmol/L水杨酸乙醇溶液2mL,最后加入8mmol/LH2O2溶液2mL启动反应,37℃下水浴30min后终止反应,放于室温冷却,8000r/min离心10min,于510nm波长下测定吸光度。以Vc为阳性对照,蒸馏水为空白对照,实验平行3次。按下式计算羟基自由基清除率。
式中:A1:2mL样品溶液+2mLFeSO4溶液+2mL水杨酸乙醇溶液+2mL H2O2溶液;
A2:2mL样品溶液+2mLFeSO4溶液+2mL水杨酸乙醇溶液+2mL无水乙醇;
A3:2mL蒸馏水+2mLFeSO4溶液+2mL水杨酸乙醇溶液+2mL H2O2溶液。
结果:
(2)超氧阴离子自由基清除作用
取适量样品用无水乙醇梯度稀释至质量浓度分别为0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2、1.5mg/mL的溶液,混合均匀。分别吸取1mL上述样品溶液,依次加入4.5mmol/LTris-HCl溶液4.5mL和3mmol/L邻苯三酚溶液0.1mL,混匀,25℃下反应5min后,加入8mmol/LHCl溶液1mL,于299nm波长下测定吸光度。以Vc为阳性对照,蒸馏水为空白对照,实验平行3次。按下式计算超氧阴离子自由基清除率。
式中:A:空白对照组溶液的吸光度;
A0:样品组溶液的吸光度。结果:
(3)DPPH自由基清除作用
取适量样品用无水乙醇梯度稀释至质量浓度分别为2、4、6、8、10mg/mL的溶液,混合均匀。分别吸取3mL上述样品溶液,加入0.2mmol/LDPPH溶液2mL,混匀,避光静置30min,于517nm波长下测定吸光度。以Vc为阳性对照,蒸馏水为空白对照,实验平行3次。按下式计算DPPH自由基清除率。
式中:A1:3mL样品溶液+2mLDPPH溶液;
A2:3mL样品溶液+2mL无水乙醇溶液;
A3:3mL蒸馏水+2mLDPPH溶液。
(4)总还原力测定
取适量样品用无水乙醇梯度稀释至质量浓度分别为2、4、6、8、10mg/mL的溶液,混合均匀。分别吸取1mL上述样品溶液,依次加入0.2mmol/L磷酸盐溶液(pH=6.6)2mL和1mL1%铁氰化钾溶液,混匀,50℃水浴20min,然后加入10%三氯乙酸溶液2mL,混匀,5000r/min离心10min,取2mL上清液,依次加入2mL蒸馏水和0.1%FeCl3溶液0.5mL,混匀,在室温下静置10min,于700nm波长下测定吸光度。以Vc为阳性对照,实验平行3次。
由上述实验数据可以看出,牛油果油葡萄籽油的混合油显著增强了牛油果油的各项抗氧化指标,经过实施例1的包埋处理后,其添加到食用油中,首先,分散性显著增强,可以均匀的溶解在市售食用油中,第二,通过43±1℃的高温加速实验。取样品用无水乙醇梯度稀释至质量浓度分别为6mg/mL,每3天测定一次,各组的总还原力如下。
具体实施方式
本实施例中,牛油果为市售,葡萄籽油的CAS号为8024-22-4,其他试剂为食品级。
实施例1
本实施例为一种降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂,主要成分包括牛油果油与葡萄籽油,其制备方法如下。
①选择无病虫害、无腐烂的牛油果,在完全成熟后,剥除果皮和果核,按照1:2的料液比,将新鲜果肉置于蒸馏水中,粉碎打浆。然后置于恒温水浴磁力搅拌器中,在水浴温度为50℃下中低速搅拌2h,使牛油果中油脂与水分最大程度接触。取出已搅拌好的牛油果浆,在10000r/min下离心10min,高速离心后牛油果油及乳化层会悬浮于最上层,取出最上层的油脂与乳化层,放于-20℃冰箱冷冻过夜破乳,再取出室温下解冻,然后以10000r/min离心10min,取上清液,得到牛油果油,置于4℃冰箱保存。
②在牛油果油中按照体积比加入10%的葡萄籽油,然后再在混合物中按照质量体积比添加0.05%的聚乙二醇和0.001%的维生素A,并将混合物在0~4℃的条件下均质,均质完成后得到混合油。
③配制卵磷脂浓度为5%(w/w)的卵磷脂溶液,按照体积比1:1向其中缓慢添加混合油,在16000r/min的条件下匀浆乳化,乳化结束后缓慢加入卵磷脂溶液同体积浓度为7%的半乳甘露聚糖溶液,之后在1500r/min的条件下搅拌30min,搅拌完成后喷雾干燥,得到降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂。
实施例2
本实施例为一种降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂,主要成分包括牛油果油与葡萄籽油,其制备方法如下。
①选择无病虫害、无腐烂的牛油果,在完全成熟后,剥除果皮和果核,按照1:5的料液比,将新鲜果肉置于蒸馏水中,粉碎打浆。然后置于恒温水浴磁力搅拌器中,在水浴温度为50℃下中低速搅拌1h,使牛油果中油脂与水分最大程度接触。取出已搅拌好的牛油果浆,在15000r/min下离心5min,高速离心后牛油果油及乳化层会悬浮于最上层,取出最上层的油脂与乳化层,放于-18℃冰箱冷冻过夜破乳,再取出室温下解冻,然后以15000r/min离心5min,取上清液,得到牛油果油,置于4℃冰箱保存。
②在牛油果油中按照体积比加入15%的葡萄籽油,然后再在混合物中按照质量体积比添加0.03%的聚乙二醇和0.0005%的维生素A,并将混合物在0~4℃的条件下均质,均质完成后得到混合油。
③配制卵磷脂浓度为3%(w/w)的卵磷脂溶液,按照体积比1:3向其中缓慢添加混合油,在20000r/min的条件下匀浆乳化,乳化结束后缓慢加入卵磷脂同体积的浓度为6%的半乳甘露聚糖溶液,之后在1000r/min的条件下搅拌60min,搅拌完成后喷雾干燥,得到降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂。
实施例3
本实施例为一种降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂,主要成分包括牛油果油与葡萄籽油,其制备方法如下。
①选择无病虫害、无腐烂的牛油果,在完全成熟后,剥除果皮和果核,按照1:1的料液比,将新鲜果肉置于蒸馏水中,粉碎打浆。然后置于恒温水浴磁力搅拌器中,在水浴温度为50℃下中低速搅拌3h,使牛油果中油脂与水分最大程度接触。取出已搅拌好的牛油果浆,在3000r/min下离心20min,高速离心后牛油果油及乳化层会悬浮于最上层,取出最上层的油脂与乳化层,放于-25℃冰箱冷冻过夜破乳,再取出室温下解冻,然后以3000r/min离心20min,取上清液,得到牛油果油,置于4℃冰箱保存。
②在牛油果油中按照体积比加入5%的葡萄籽油,然后再在混合物中按照质量体积比添加0.1%的聚乙二醇和0.005%的维生素A,并将混合物在0~4℃的条件下均质,均质完成后得到混合油。
③配制卵磷脂浓度为10%(w/w)的卵磷脂溶液,按照1:2的体积比向其中缓慢添加混合油,在20000r/min的条件下匀浆乳化,乳化结束后缓慢加入卵磷脂溶液同体积的浓度为8%的半乳甘露聚糖溶液,之后在2000r/min的条件下搅拌10min,搅拌完成后喷雾干燥,得到降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂。
验证实验
实验动物及饲养条件
实验动物:50只体重为18~21g的5周龄SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠
饲料:60%高脂饲料TP23300、低脂对照饲料TP23302
饲养环境:在安徽农业大学SPF级动物实验中心饲养,动物实验中心的光照周期条件为12h光照/12h黑暗,温度设置为恒温25±2℃,相对湿度设定为50±5%。实验动物的饲养经过安徽农业大学实验动物伦理委员会批准。
C57BL/6J小鼠肥胖模型构建
本次实验通过给予C57BL/6J小鼠高脂饮食构建肥胖模型。50只C57BL/6J小鼠在屏障系统下喂养维持饲料一周,适应期结束后,把小鼠按照平均体重分为2组,低脂组和高脂组,其中8只小鼠给予低脂饲料饲养,42只小鼠给予60%高脂饲料饲养,小鼠自由采食和饮水。每隔两天监测一次摄食量和饮水量,每周称量一次体重。在8周后,通过体重指标即高脂组体重超过低脂组体重20%且高脂组小鼠体重显著高于低脂组小鼠的平均体重(P<0.05)为标准筛选出达标的肥胖小鼠,选取32只肥胖小鼠进行药物干预实验。
干预实验
分组:8只低脂饲料饲养的低脂组小鼠为低脂对照组(LF),给予低脂饲料喂养。将32只高脂饲料喂养的高脂组小鼠分为4组,分别为高脂对照组(HF)、新伐他汀组(HS)、牛油果混合油剂量组A325和牛油果混合油剂量组A650。每组8只小鼠,每两天测量一次摄食量与饮水量,每周称量一次体重,小鼠自由饮水与摄食。
给药方式与给药剂量:所有组均以灌胃方式给药,每天在同一时间段灌胃1次。牛油果混合油剂量组A325和牛油果混合油剂量组A650给予的剂量分别为325mg/kg/d、650mg/kg/d;新伐他汀组(HS)剂量为3mg/kg/d,新伐他汀片用水制成悬浊液进行灌胃。
小鼠血清和组织的采集及保存
实验结束后,所有小鼠禁食12h,用4%水合氯醛溶液进行麻醉。采用摘眼球取血法取血,于室温下放置2h,在3000r/min离心20min,收集上层血清存放于-80℃冰箱保存。小鼠取血后颈椎脱臼处死,解剖,取肝脏和睾周脂肪,称重。血清生化分析。
从-80℃冰箱中取出冻存的血清样本,放置于冰上缓慢解冻。采用试剂盒测定血清中的四项血脂指标:胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。
(1)造模期摄食量与饮水量(g/mouse)
(2)造模期体重(g/mouse)
(3)干预期摄食量与饮水量(g/mouse)
(4)干预期体重(g/mouse)
(5)肝脏与睾周脂肪重量(g/mouse)
(6)小鼠血清指标(mmol/L)
(1)石蜡切片
将新鲜肝脏、腹部脂肪组织10%中性甲醛固定24h以上,取出后在通风橱对固定状态良好的肝脏组织和白色脂肪组织进行修整。将组织于室温下用磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS)充分清洗3次,每次30min。然后,用刀片取组织放入包埋盒,经全自动脱水机脱水。将脱水后浸润好蜡的组织于包埋机中包埋,置于-20℃低温冷却后取出蜡块并修整。将包埋好的组织取出,在石蜡切片机上进行固定切片(厚度5μm),然后在37℃烘箱内进行烤片7h,置于常温保存。
(2)染色
将切片经二甲苯二次脱蜡,每次10min,无水乙醇3次,每次5min,再用95%乙醇5min,80%乙醇5min,70%乙醇5min。采用苏木精进行染色,然后用自来水冲洗3min,之后用盐酸酒精分化10s,再采用自来水冲洗3min,在50℃的温水中或弱碱性水溶液返蓝,采用自来水冲洗3min,放入85%的酒精5min。将褪色后的切片用伊红染液复染,采用酒精脱水,中性树胶封固。最后镜检,进行图像的扫描,比例尺为50μm。
Claims (7)
1.一种降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
①在牛油果油中按照体积比加入5~15%的葡萄籽油,得到牛油果油和葡萄籽油的混合物;
②在牛油果油和葡萄籽油的混合物中按照质量体积比添加0.03~0.1%的聚乙二醇和0.0005~0.005%的维生素A,并将混合物在0~4℃的条件下均质,均质完成后得到混合油;
③配制卵磷脂浓度为3%-10%(w/w)的卵磷脂溶液,按照体积比1∶1~1∶3向其中添加混合油,匀浆乳化,乳化结束后缓慢加入0.25~0.5倍混合液体积的半乳甘露聚糖水溶液,搅拌10~60min,搅拌完成后喷雾干燥,得到降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述牛油果油的制备方法如下:将新鲜牛油果果肉置于蒸馏水中,粉碎打浆;在水浴温度为50℃下搅拌;离心,离心后牛油果油及乳化层会悬浮于最上层,取出最上层的油脂与乳化层,冷冻破乳,破乳后再解冻,离心取上清液,得到牛油果油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述半乳甘露聚糖水溶液的浓度为6~8%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述匀浆乳化的条件为15000~20000r/min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述搅拌的条件是1000~2000r/min。
6.根据权利要求2所述的降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述离心的条件为3000~15000r/min离心5~20min。
7.根据权利要求2所述的降低脂肪吸收率的油脂添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述新鲜牛油果果肉与蒸馏水的料液比为1∶1~1∶5。
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