WO2011145385A1 - 可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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- B01J2523/842—Iron
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a visible light responsive titanium oxide fine particle dispersion and a method for producing the same, and more specifically, a highly transparent photocatalytic thin film having excellent dispersion stability of titanium oxide fine particles and having visible light responsiveness.
- the present invention relates to a visible light responsive titanium oxide dispersion that can be easily produced and a method for producing the same.
- Titanium oxide is a precursor for composite oxides such as pigments, UV shielding agents, catalysts, photocatalysts, catalyst carriers, adsorbents, ion exchangers, fillers, reinforcing agents, ceramic raw materials, and perovskite composite oxides. It is used as a primer for the body and magnetic tape.
- the photocatalytic titanium oxide fine particles are based on the photocatalytic coating film formed by coating the dispersion on the surface of various substrates, which decomposes organic substances and makes the film surface hydrophilic by photocatalytic action of titanium oxide. It is widely used for cleaning the surface of materials, deodorizing, antibacterial and so on.
- the primary particle diameter of the particles is required to be 50 nm or less.
- the transparency of the film is also required so as not to lose the design properties of the substrate.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 As a method for producing a titanium oxide fine particle dispersion, 1) a method in which a fine powder of titanium oxide is dispersed in a dispersion medium by a wet disperser using a dispersion aid such as an organic polymer dispersant (Patent Documents 1 to 3) And 2) a liquid phase method (Patent Document 4) prepared by hydrothermal treatment of a titanium-containing compound solution.
- a dispersion aid such as an organic polymer dispersant
- Patent Document 4 a liquid phase method prepared by hydrothermal treatment of a titanium-containing compound solution.
- Titanium oxide exhibits good photocatalysis under the irradiation of light in the ultraviolet region with a relatively short wavelength, such as sunlight, but it is an indoor space illuminated by a light source that occupies most of the visible light, such as a fluorescent lamp. Then, it may be difficult to exhibit sufficient photocatalytic action.
- a tungsten oxide photocatalyst (Patent Document 4) has attracted attention as a visible light responsive photocatalyst. However, since tungsten is a rare element, it is desired to improve the visible light activity of a photocatalyst using titanium which is a general-purpose element. Yes.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is capable of easily producing a highly transparent photocatalytic thin film having excellent dispersion stability of titanium oxide fine particles and having visible light responsiveness. It is an object to provide a system dispersion and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors have produced peroxotitanic acid containing a tin compound using a raw material titanium compound, a tin compound and hydrogen peroxide, and then subjecting this to high pressure.
- a titanium oxide fine particle dispersion After obtaining a titanium oxide fine particle dispersion by hydrothermal reaction, a titanium oxide fine particle dispersion containing a peroxotitanium component, an iron and / or copper component, and a tin component by adding and reacting an iron compound and / or a copper compound. It was found that this titanium oxide dispersion is excellent in dispersion stability of titanium oxide fine particles, and that a highly transparent photocatalytic thin film having visible light responsiveness can be easily produced from this titanium oxide dispersion. Thus, the present invention has been made.
- the present invention provides the following visible light responsive titanium oxide dispersion and a method for producing the same.
- Titanium oxide fine particles are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium, and a peroxotitanium component, an iron and / or copper component, and a tin component are contained, and the content of the peroxotitanium component is oxidized.
- a visible light responsive titanium oxide-based fine particle dispersion characterized by being 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to titanium.
- the visible light responsive titanium oxide fine particle dispersion according to [1] wherein the content of the iron component in terms of metallic iron is 0.01 to 5% by mass with respect to titanium oxide. .
- a step of producing peroxotitanic acid containing a tin compound from a raw material titanium compound, a tin compound and hydrogen peroxide (2) a step of heating a peroxotitanic acid aqueous solution containing a tin compound at 80 to 250 ° C. under high pressure to obtain a titanium oxide fine particle dispersion containing a peroxotitanium component and a tin component; and (3) a titanium oxide fine particle dispersion.
- the method for producing a visible light responsive titanium oxide-based fine particle dispersion according to any one of [1] to [5], further comprising a step of adding an iron compound and / or a copper compound to the reaction.
- a visible light responsive titanium oxide dispersion and a production thereof that can easily produce a highly transparent photocatalytic thin film having excellent dispersion stability of titanium oxide fine particles and having visible light responsiveness.
- a method can be provided.
- titanium oxide fine particles are highly dispersed in an aqueous solvent, and further, a peroxotitanium component, an iron component and / or a copper component, and a tin component. It is included.
- An aqueous solvent is used as the aqueous dispersion medium.
- the aqueous solvent include a mixed solvent of water and a hydrophilic organic solvent mixed with water at an arbitrary ratio.
- water for example, deionized water, distilled water, pure water and the like are preferable.
- hydrophilic organic solvent alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol are preferable.
- the mixing ratio of the hydrophilic organic solvent is preferably 0 to 50% by mass in the aqueous dispersion medium.
- Titanium oxide fine particles The titanium oxide fine particles dispersed in the aqueous dispersion medium have a volume-based 50% cumulative distribution diameter (D 50 ) (hereinafter referred to as “average particle diameter”) measured by a dynamic scattering method using laser light.
- the thickness is preferably 50 nm or less, and more preferably 30 nm or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 nm or more.
- the concentration of the titanium oxide fine particles is preferably from 0.01 to 20% by mass, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10% by mass in the dispersion, from the viewpoint that a photocatalytic thin film having a required thickness can be easily produced.
- Peroxotitanium component means a titanium oxide-based compound containing a Ti—O—O—Ti bond, and a peroxotitanium complex formed by the reaction of peroxotitanic acid and Ti (VI) with hydrogen peroxide. Include.
- the peroxotitanium component has a function of favorably dispersing titanium oxide.
- the concentration of the peroxotitanium component is 0.1 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass with respect to the titanium oxide fine particles. When the concentration is less than 0.1% by mass, the titanium oxide fine particles tend to aggregate. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20% by mass, the photocatalytic effect of the photocatalytic thin film obtained from the dispersion may be insufficient.
- the iron component has the effect of increasing the decomposition activity of the resulting photocatalytic thin film.
- the presence state of the iron component is not limited, and may be any of, for example, metallic iron, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, sulfate, halide, and complex compound. It is preferable that at least a part of the iron component is supported on the surface of the titanium oxide fine particles, and the other part is dissolved and / or dispersed in the dispersion.
- the content of the iron component in terms of metallic iron is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, particularly preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass with respect to the titanium oxide fine particles. When there is too much content of an iron component, photocatalytic activity may not fully be exhibited.
- Copper component It has the effect
- the presence state of the copper component is not limited, and may be any of, for example, metallic copper, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, sulfate, halide, and complex compound. It is preferable that at least a part of the copper component is supported on the surface of the titanium oxide fine particles, and the other part is preferably dissolved and / or dispersed in the dispersion.
- the content of the copper component in terms of metallic copper is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, particularly preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass with respect to the titanium oxide fine particles. When there is too much content of a copper component, photocatalytic activity may not fully be exhibited.
- a tin component has the effect
- the presence state of the tin component is not limited, and may be any of metal tin, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, sulfate, halide, and complex compound, for example. It is preferable that at least a part of the tin component is doped inside the titanium oxide fine particles or supported on the surface of the titanium oxide fine particles, and the other part is preferably dissolved and / or dispersed in the dispersion.
- the tin component is preferably contained in a molar ratio (Ti / Sn) of 1 to 1000 with titanium oxide, particularly preferably 5 to 200, and more preferably 10 to 100. If the molar ratio exceeds 1000, the effect of containing a tin compound is insufficient. On the other hand, if it is smaller than 1, the content ratio of titanium oxide is lowered, and the photocatalytic effect may not be sufficiently exhibited.
- the titanium oxide-based fine particle dispersion is (1) a step of producing peroxotitanic acid containing a tin compound from a raw material titanium compound, a tin compound and hydrogen peroxide; (2) a step of heating a peroxotitanic acid aqueous solution containing a tin compound at 80 to 250 ° C. under high pressure to convert it into a titanium oxide fine particle dispersion; and (3) an iron compound and / or copper in the titanium oxide fine particle dispersion. It can manufacture with the manufacturing method which has the process of adding a compound and making it react.
- peroxotitanic acid containing a tin compound is produced by reacting a raw material titanium compound, a tin compound, and hydrogen peroxide.
- a basic substance is added to a raw material titanium compound to form titanium hydroxide, impurity ions contained are removed, hydrogen peroxide is added to form peroxotitanic acid, a tin compound is added, and tin is added.
- a tin compound is added to the raw material titanium compound, then a basic substance is added to form tin-containing titanium hydroxide, impurity ions contained are removed, and hydrogen peroxide is added to contain tin.
- a method using peroxotitanic acid may also be used.
- raw material titanium compounds used as raw materials in the step (1) include inorganic acid salts such as titanium hydrochloride, nitrate and sulfate, organic acid salts such as formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and glycolic acid, and the like.
- inorganic acid salts such as titanium hydrochloride, nitrate and sulfate
- organic acid salts such as formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and glycolic acid, and the like.
- examples thereof include titanium hydroxide precipitated by adding an alkali to the aqueous solution and hydrolyzing it, and two or more of these may be used in combination.
- the concentration of the aqueous solution of the raw material titanium compound is preferably 60% by mass or less, particularly preferably 30% by mass or less. In addition, although the minimum of a density
- the tin compound-containing peroxotitanic acid aqueous solution may contain an alkaline or acidic substance for pH adjustment and the like.
- alkaline substance include ammonia, sodium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide
- acidic substance include inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, and hydrogen peroxide, formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, Examples include organic acids such as lactic acid and glycolic acid.
- the amount of tin compound used is as described above, but the amount of hydrogen peroxide used is preferably 1.5 to 5 times the total number of moles of Ti and Sn.
- the reaction temperature in the reaction of adding the hydrogen peroxide to the raw material titanium compound or titanium hydroxide to peroxotitanic acid is preferably 5 to 60 ° C., and the reaction time is 30 minutes to 24 hours. It is preferable.
- the basic substance added to make the raw material titanium compound titanium hydroxide includes alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, ammonia, alkanolamine, alkylamine, etc. And is added and used in such an amount that the pH of the aqueous solution of the raw material titanium compound becomes 7 or more.
- the pH of the obtained tin compound-containing peroxotitanic acid aqueous solution is preferably 1 to 7, particularly 4 to 7 from the viewpoint of handling safety.
- step (2) a peroxotitanic acid aqueous solution containing a tin compound is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction under high pressure at a temperature of 80 to 250 ° C., preferably 120 to 250 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is suitably 80 to 250 ° C. from the viewpoint of reaction efficiency and reaction controllability.
- peroxotitanic acid is converted into titanium oxide fine particles.
- the pressure is preferably about 0.01 to 4.5 MPa, particularly about 0.15 to 4.5 MPa, and the reaction time is preferably 1 minute to 24 hours.
- step (3) an iron compound and / or a copper compound is added to the titanium oxide fine particle dispersion obtained in the step (2) and reacted.
- a reaction method an iron compound and / or a copper compound is added to the titanium oxide fine particle dispersion and stirred at room temperature.
- an iron compound and / or a copper compound is added to the titanium oxide fine particle dispersion to 80 to 250 ° C.
- a hydrothermal treatment method may be used. In this case, the reaction time is preferably 1 minute to 3 hours.
- iron compound used as a raw material in the step (3) examples include inorganic acid salts such as iron hydrochloride, nitrate and sulfate, organic acid salts such as formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and glycolic acid, and the like.
- inorganic acid salts such as iron hydrochloride, nitrate and sulfate
- organic acid salts such as formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and glycolic acid, and the like.
- complexes such as iron hydroxide and iron tetraammine complexes which are precipitated by adding an alkali to an aqueous solution and hydrolyzing, and two or more of these may be used in combination.
- examples of the copper compound used as a raw material in the step (3) include inorganic acid salts such as copper hydrochloride, nitrate and sulfate, organic acid salts such as formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and glycolic acid, Complexes such as copper hydroxide and copper tetraammine complexes deposited by adding an alkali to these aqueous solutions and hydrolyzing them may be used, and two or more of these may be used in combination.
- inorganic acid salts such as copper hydrochloride, nitrate and sulfate
- organic acid salts such as formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and glycolic acid
- Complexes such as copper hydroxide and copper tetraammine complexes deposited by adding an alkali to these aqueous solutions and hydrolyzing them may be used, and two or more of these may be used in combination.
- the titanium oxide-based fine particle dispersion thus obtained is used for forming a photocatalytic film on the surface of various substrates, for example, an inorganic substrate such as glass or an organic substrate such as a polyester film. Can do.
- a method for forming the photocatalyst film it may be applied and dried using a known method, and the thickness of the photocatalyst film is variously selected, but is usually in the range of 50 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- the formed photocatalyst film is transparent, provides a good photocatalytic action in the ultraviolet region as in the prior art, and has excellent visible light response.
- Average particle diameter of fine titanium oxide particles in the dispersion (D 50 ) The average particle size (D 50 ) of the titanium oxide fine particles in the dispersion was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (trade name “Nanotrack particle size analyzer UPA-EX”, Nikkiso Co., Ltd.).
- Acetaldehyde gas decomposition performance test of photocatalytic thin film (under visible light irradiation) The activity of the photocatalyst thin film produced by applying and drying the dispersion was evaluated by the decomposition reaction of acetaldehyde gas. The evaluation was performed by a flow-type gas decomposition performance evaluation method. Specifically, a sample for evaluation in which a photocatalytic thin film is formed on a substrate made of 5 cm square glass is placed in a quartz glass cell having a volume of 12.5 cm 3 , and the concentration is adjusted to 250% in the cell at a concentration of 250 ppm.
- the acetaldehyde gas was circulated at a flow rate of 5 mL ⁇ s ⁇ 1 , and light was irradiated with a fluorescent lamp installed at the top of the cell so that the illuminance was 8000 LUX.
- a fluorescent lamp installed at the top of the cell so that the illuminance was 8000 LUX.
- the concentration of acetaldehyde gas in the gas flowing out from the cell decreases. Therefore, the amount of acetaldehyde gas decomposition can be determined by measuring the concentration.
- the acetaldehyde gas concentration was measured using a gas chromatograph (trade name “GC-8A”, Shimadzu Corporation).
- oleic acid 0.5% by mass of oleic acid is applied to the surface of the thin film with a dip coater and dried to obtain a sample for photocatalytic activity evaluation.
- the sample is irradiated with light from a fluorescent lamp at an illuminance of 10,000 LUX.
- the oleic acid on the surface of the thin film is decomposed, the thin film surface becomes hydrophilic and the water contact angle gradually decreases. Therefore, the water contact angle on the sample surface is measured every other hour. The water contact angle was measured using a contact angle meter (trade name “CA-A”, Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.).
- Example 1 Tin (IV) chloride is added to a 36 mass% titanium chloride (IV) aqueous solution so that the Ti / Sn (molar ratio) is 20, and this is diluted 10 times with pure water, and then the aqueous solution. 10% by mass of ammonia water was gradually added to neutralize and hydrolyze to obtain a precipitate of titanium hydroxide. The pH of the solution at this time was 9. The resulting titanium hydroxide precipitate was deionized by repeatedly adding pure water and decanting. To this titanium hydroxide precipitate after deionization treatment, 30% by mass hydrogen peroxide water was added so that the hydrogen peroxide / titanium hydroxide (molar ratio) was 2.5 or more, and then stirred at room temperature all day and night. It was made to react sufficiently. Thereafter, pure water was added to adjust the concentration, thereby obtaining a yellow transparent tin-containing peroxotitanic acid solution (a) (solid content concentration 1% by mass).
- a visible light response type titanium oxide fine particle dispersion (A) of the present invention containing 1% by mass of titanium oxide and 1% by mass of peroxotitanium component with respect to titanium oxide was obtained by hydrothermal treatment at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes. It was 20 nm when the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide microparticles
- Example 2 (4) Tin (IV) chloride is added to a 36% by mass titanium chloride (IV) aqueous solution so that Ti / Sn (molar ratio) is 5, and this is diluted 10 times with pure water, and then the aqueous solution. 10% by mass of ammonia water was gradually added to neutralize and hydrolyze to obtain a precipitate of titanium hydroxide. The pH of the solution at this time was 9. The resulting titanium hydroxide precipitate was deionized by repeatedly adding pure water and decanting. To this titanium hydroxide precipitate after deionization treatment, 30% by mass hydrogen peroxide water was added so that the hydrogen peroxide / titanium hydroxide (molar ratio) was 2.5 or more, and then stirred at room temperature all day and night. It was made to react sufficiently. Thereafter, pure water was added to adjust the concentration to obtain a yellow transparent tin-containing peroxotitanic acid solution (c) (solid content concentration 1% by mass).
- c yellow transparent tin-containing peroxotit
- Iron nitrate was dissolved in pure water to obtain a 1% by mass iron nitrate aqueous solution (d).
- Example 3 (7) After diluting a 36 mass% titanium chloride (IV) aqueous solution 10 times with pure water, 10 mass% ammonia water is gradually added to the aqueous solution to neutralize and hydrolyze the titanium hydroxide. A precipitate was obtained. The pH of the solution at this time was 10. The resulting titanium hydroxide precipitate was deionized by repeatedly adding pure water and decanting. To this titanium hydroxide precipitate after deionization treatment, 30% by mass hydrogen peroxide water was added so that the hydrogen peroxide / titanium hydroxide (molar ratio) was 2.5 or more, and then stirred at room temperature all day and night. It was made to react sufficiently. Thereafter, pure water was added to adjust the concentration to obtain a yellow transparent peroxotitanic acid solution (e) (solid content concentration 1 mass%).
- e yellow transparent peroxotitanic acid solution
- Tin chloride pentahydrate was dissolved in pure water to obtain a 10% by mass tin chloride aqueous solution (f).
- Example 1 (10) A titanium oxide fine particle dispersion (D) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the iron sulfate aqueous solution was not added. It was 9 nm when the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide microparticles
- Example 3 A titanium oxide fine particle dispersion (F) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hydrothermal treatment temperature was 60 ° C. The average particle size of the titanium oxide fine particles in the obtained dispersion could not be measured because the amount of particles produced was small. In this comparative example, since the amount of titanium oxide fine particles produced was extremely small, other characteristics were not measured.
- a silica-based binder (colloidal silica, trade name: Snowtex 20 (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.)) was added to the dispersions prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 with a TiO 2 / SiO 2 ratio of 1 After adding in .5, it was applied to a glass plate with a dip coater and dried to form a photocatalytic thin film having a film thickness of 150 nm to obtain a sample for evaluation.
- colloidal silica trade name: Snowtex 20 (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
- Table 1 shows the reaction conditions and average particle diameters of the examples and comparative examples, the transparency evaluation of the photocatalyst thin film, the results of water contact angle measurement after 5 hours of irradiation with a fluorescent lamp in a self-cleaning performance test, and the fluorescent lamp in an acetaldehyde gas decomposition test.
- the gas decomposition rate 90 minutes after irradiation is shown collectively.
- Example 4 Tin (IV) chloride is added to a 36 mass% titanium chloride (IV) aqueous solution so that the Ti / Sn (molar ratio) is 20, and this is diluted 10 times with pure water. 10% by mass of ammonia water was gradually added to neutralize and hydrolyze to obtain a precipitate of titanium hydroxide. The pH of the solution at this time was 9. The resulting titanium hydroxide precipitate was deionized by repeatedly adding pure water and decanting. To this titanium hydroxide precipitate after deionization treatment, 30% by mass hydrogen peroxide water was added so that the hydrogen peroxide / titanium hydroxide (molar ratio) was 2.5 or more, and then stirred at room temperature all day and night. It was made to react sufficiently. Thereafter, pure water was added to adjust the concentration to obtain a yellow transparent tin-containing peroxotitanic acid solution (g) (solid content concentration 1 mass%).
- g yellow transparent tin-containing peroxotitanic acid solution
- the aqueous solution of copper sulfate (h) obtained in (13) was added to and mixed with the titanium oxide fine particle dispersion obtained in (14) so that the amount of metal copper was 0.2% by mass with respect to titanium oxide.
- a visible light responsive titanium oxide fine particle dispersion (G) containing 1% by mass of titanium oxide and 1% by mass of a peroxotitanium component with respect to titanium oxide was obtained. It was 12 nm when the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide microparticles
- Example 5 Tin (IV) chloride is added to a 36 mass% titanium chloride (IV) aqueous solution so that Ti / Sn (molar ratio) is 5, and this is diluted 10 times with pure water, and then the aqueous solution is added. 10% by mass of ammonia water was gradually added to neutralize and hydrolyze to obtain a precipitate of titanium hydroxide. The pH of the solution at this time was 9. The resulting titanium hydroxide precipitate was deionized by repeatedly adding pure water and decanting.
- Example 6 (18) After diluting a 36 mass% titanium chloride (IV) aqueous solution 10 times with pure water, 10 mass% ammonia water is gradually added to the aqueous solution to neutralize and hydrolyze it, thereby producing titanium hydroxide. A precipitate was obtained. The pH of the solution at this time was 10. The resulting titanium hydroxide precipitate was deionized by repeatedly adding pure water and decanting. To this titanium hydroxide precipitate after deionization treatment, 30% by mass hydrogen peroxide water was added so that the hydrogen peroxide / titanium hydroxide (molar ratio) was 2.5 or more, and then stirred at room temperature all day and night. It was made to react sufficiently. Thereafter, pure water was added to adjust the concentration, whereby a yellow transparent peroxotitanic acid solution (k) (solid content concentration 1% by mass) was obtained.
- k yellow transparent peroxotitanic acid solution
- Tin chloride pentahydrate was dissolved in pure water to obtain a 10% by mass tin chloride aqueous solution (m).
- the visible light responsive titanium oxide fine particle dispersion (I) of the present invention containing 1% by mass of titanium oxide and 2% by mass of the peroxotitanium component with respect to titanium oxide was obtained. It was 25 nm when the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide microparticles
- Example 6 A titanium oxide fine particle dispersion (L) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the hydrothermal treatment temperature was 60 ° C. The average particle size of the titanium oxide fine particles in the obtained dispersion could not be measured because the amount of particles produced was small. In this comparative example, since the amount of titanium oxide fine particles produced was extremely small, other characteristics were not measured.
- a silica-based binder (colloidal silica, trade name: Snowtex 20 (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.)) was added to the dispersions prepared in Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5 in a TiO 2 / SiO 2 ratio of 1 After adding in .5, it was applied to a glass plate with a dip coater and dried to form a photocatalytic thin film having a film thickness of 150 nm to obtain a sample for evaluation.
- colloidal silica trade name: Snowtex 20 (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
- Table 2 shows reaction conditions and average particle diameters of Examples and Comparative Examples, transparency evaluation of the photocatalytic thin film, measurement results of water contact angle after 5 hours of irradiation with a fluorescent lamp in a self-cleaning performance test, fluorescent lamp in an acetaldehyde gas decomposition test The gas decomposition rate 90 minutes after irradiation is shown collectively.
- the titanium oxide-based fine particle dispersion of the present invention can be applied to various substrates composed of inorganic substances such as glass and metal, and organic substances such as polymer films (PET film, etc.) by adding a binder. It is useful for producing a photocatalytic thin film, and particularly useful for producing a transparent photocatalytic thin film on a polymer film.
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Abstract
Description
[1]水性分散媒中に、酸化チタン微粒子が分散していると共に、ペルオキソチタン成分と、鉄及び/又は銅成分と、並びにスズ成分とが含まれ、且つ該ペルオキソチタン成分の含有量が酸化チタンに対して0.1~20質量%であることを特徴とする可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液。
[2]前記鉄成分の金属鉄換算での含有量が、酸化チタンに対して0.01~5質量%であることを特徴とする[1]記載の可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液。
[3]前記銅成分の金属銅換算での含有量が、酸化チタンに対して0.01~5質量%であることを特徴とする[1]記載の可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液。
[4]前記スズ成分の含有量が、酸化チタンとのモル比(Ti/Sn)で1~1000であることを特徴とする[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液。
[5]前記酸化チタン微粒子が、動的散乱法により測定される50%累計分布径(D50)で50nm以下であることを特徴とする[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液。
[6](1)原料チタン化合物とスズ化合物と過酸化水素から、スズ化合物を含有したペルオキソチタン酸を製造する工程、
(2)スズ化合物を含有したペルオキソチタン酸水溶液を高圧下、80~250℃で加熱し、ペルオキソチタン成分及びスズ成分を含む酸化チタン微粒子分散液を得る工程、及び
(3)酸化チタン微粒子分散液に鉄化合物及び/又は銅化合物を添加し、反応させる工程
を有することを特徴とする[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液の製造方法。
<可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液>
本発明の可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液においては、水性溶媒中に、酸化チタン微粒子が高度に分散し、更にペルオキソチタン成分と、鉄成分及び/又は銅成分と、並びにスズ成分とが含まれているものである。
水性分散媒としては水性溶媒が使用される。水性溶媒としては、水、及び水と任意の割合で混合される親水性有機溶媒との混合溶媒が挙げられる。水としては、例えば脱イオン水、蒸留水、純水等が好ましい。親水性有機溶媒としては、例えばメタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノールなどのアルコールが好ましい。この場合、親水性有機溶媒の混合割合は、水性分散媒中0~50質量%であることが好ましい。
水性分散媒に分散される酸化チタン微粒子は、レーザー光を用いた動的散乱法により測定される体積基準の50%累積分布径(D50)(以下、「平均粒子径」とする。)が50nm以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは30nm以下である。通常、その下限値は特に限定されないが、5nm以上であることが好ましい。
ここで、「ペルオキソチタン成分」とは、Ti-O-O-Ti結合を含む酸化チタン系化合物を意味し、ペルオキソチタン酸及びTi(VI)と過酸化水素との反応によって生成するペルオキソチタン錯体を含包する。
鉄成分は得られる光触媒薄膜の分解活性を高める作用を有する。該鉄成分の存在状態は限定されず、例えば金属鉄、酸化物、水酸化物、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、ハロゲン化物、及び錯化合物のいずれであってもよい。該鉄成分は少なくともその一部は酸化チタン微粒子表面に担持されていることが好ましく、他の部分は分散液中に溶解及び/又は分散している。
銅成分も得られる光触媒薄膜の分解活性を高める作用を有する。該銅成分の存在状態は限定されず、例えば金属銅、酸化物、水酸化物、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、ハロゲン化物、及び錯化合物のいずれであってもよい。該銅成分は少なくともその一部は酸化チタン微粒子表面に担持されていることが好ましく、他の部分は分散液中に溶解及び/又は分散していることが好ましい。
スズ成分は得られる光触媒薄膜の可視光応答性を高める作用を有する。該スズ成分の存在状態は限定されず、例えば金属スズ、酸化物、水酸化物、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、ハロゲン化物、及び錯化合物のいずれであってもよい。該スズ成分は少なくともその一部は酸化チタン微粒子内部にドープ、もしくは酸化チタン微粒子表面に担持されていることが好ましく、他の部分は分散液中に溶解及び/又は分散していることが好ましい。
上記の酸化チタン系微粒子分散液は、
(1)原料チタン化合物とスズ化合物と過酸化水素から、スズ化合物を含有したペルオキソチタン酸を製造する工程、
(2)スズ化合物を含有したペルオキソチタン酸水溶液を高圧下、80~250℃で加熱し、酸化チタン微粒子分散液に転換する工程、及び
(3)酸化チタン微粒子分散液に鉄化合物及び/又は銅化合物を添加し、反応させる工程
を有する製造方法により製造することができる。
工程(1)では、原料チタン化合物とスズ化合物と過酸化水素とを反応させることでスズ化合物を含有したペルオキソチタン酸を製造する。反応方法としては、原料チタン化合物に塩基性物質を添加して水酸化チタンとし、含有する不純物イオンを除去し、過酸化水素を添加してペルオキソチタン酸とした後にスズ化合物を添加して、スズ含有ペルオキソチタン酸とする方法でも、原料チタン化合物にスズ化合物を添加した後に塩基性物質を添加してスズ含有水酸化チタンとし、含有する不純物イオンを除去し、過酸化水素を添加してスズ含有ペルオキソチタン酸とする方法でもよい。
この工程(1)において、スズ化合物の使用量は上述した通りであるが、過酸化水素の使用量は、TiとSnの合計モル数の1.5~5倍モルとすることが好ましい。また、この過酸化水素を添加して原料チタン化合物乃至水酸化チタンをぺルオキソチタン酸にする反応における反応温度は、5~60℃とすることが好ましく、反応時間は、30分~24時間とすることが好ましい。
なお、原料チタン化合物を水酸化チタンにするために添加する塩基性物質としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物、アンモニア、アルカノールアミン、アルキルアミン等が挙げられ、原料チタン化合物の水溶液のpHを7以上になるような量で添加、使用される。
また、得られたスズ化合物含有ぺルオキソチタン酸水溶液のpHは、1~7、特に4~7であることが取り扱いの安全性の点で好ましい。
工程(2)では、スズ化合物を含有したペルオキソチタン酸水溶液を高圧下、80~250℃、好ましくは120~250℃の温度において水熱反応に供する。反応温度は、反応効率と反応の制御性の観点から80~250℃が適切である。その結果、ペルオキソチタン酸は、酸化チタン微粒子に変換されていく。
この場合、圧力は、0.01~4.5MPa程度の高圧、特に0.15~4.5MPa程度の高圧であることが好ましく、反応時間は、1分~24時間であることが好ましい。
この工程(2)により、ぺルオキソチタン成分及びスズ成分を含む酸化チタン微粒子分散液が得られる。
工程(3)では、工程(2)で得られた酸化チタン微粒子分散液に鉄化合物及び/又は銅化合物を添加し、反応させる。反応方法としては、酸化チタン微粒子分散液に鉄化合物及び/又は銅化合物を添加して常温で撹拌する方法でも、酸化チタン微粒子分散液に鉄化合物及び/又は銅化合物を添加して80~250℃の温度において水熱処理する方法でもよい。この場合、反応時間は、1分~3時間であることが好ましい。
一方、工程(3)で原料として使用される銅化合物としては、例えば銅の塩酸塩、硝酸塩、硫酸塩などの無機酸塩、蟻酸、クエン酸、蓚酸、乳酸、グリコール酸などの有機酸塩、これらの水溶液にアルカリを添加して加水分解することにより析出させた水酸化銅、銅テトラアンミン錯体などの錯体が挙げられ、これらのうち2種類以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
分散液中の酸化チタン微粒子の平均粒子径(D50)は、粒度分布測定装置(商品名“ナノトラック粒度分析計UPA-EX”、日機装(株))を用いて測定した。
基材であるガラス板のHAZE値(%)を測定する。次に、分散液を該ガラス上に塗布、乾燥することで光触媒薄膜を作製し、該薄膜を作製した状態のガラス板のHAZE値を測定する。その差から光触媒薄膜のHAZE値を求める。HAZE値の測定はHAZEメーター(商品名“デジタルヘイズメーターNDH-200”、日本電色工業(株))を用いた。光触媒薄膜の透明性を求められたHAZE値の差から次の基準で評価した。
やや不良(△と表示)・・・・ 差が+1%を超え、+3%以下。
不良(×と表示) ・・・・ 差が+3%を超える。
分散液を塗布、乾燥することで作製した光触媒薄膜の活性を、アセトアルデヒドガスの分解反応により評価した。評価は流通式ガス分解性能評価法により行った。具体的には、容積12.5cm3の石英ガラス製セル内に5cm角のガラスからなる基板上に光触媒薄膜を形成した評価用サンプルを設置し、該セルに湿度50%に調湿した濃度250ppmのアセトアルデヒドガスを流量5mL・s-1で流通させながら、セル上部に設置した蛍光灯で照度8000LUXになるように光を照射した。薄膜上の光触媒によりアセトアルデヒドガスが分解すると、該セルから流出するガス中のアセトアルデヒドガス濃度が低下する。そこで、その濃度を測定することで、アセトアルデヒドガス分解量を求めることができる。アセトアルデヒドガス濃度はガスクロマトグラフ(商品名“GC-8A”、(株)島津製作所)を用いて測定した。
スライドガラス上に分散液を塗布、乾燥することで作製した光触媒薄膜の活性を、オレイン酸の分解反応により評価した。
(1)36質量%の塩化チタン(IV)水溶液に塩化スズ(IV)をTi/Sn(モル比)が20となるように添加し、これを純水で10倍に希釈した後、この水溶液に10質量%のアンモニア水を徐々に添加して中和、加水分解することにより水酸化チタンの沈殿物を得た。このときの溶液のpHは9であった。得られた水酸化チタンの沈殿物を、純水の添加とデカンテーションを繰り返して脱イオン処理した。この脱イオン処理後の水酸化チタン沈殿物に過酸化水素/水酸化チタン(モル比)が2.5以上となるように30質量%過酸化水素水を添加し、その後室温で一昼夜撹拌して十分に反応させた。その後、純水を添加して濃度調整を行うことにより、黄色透明のスズ含有ペルオキソチタン酸溶液(a)(固形分濃度1質量%)を得た。
(4)36質量%の塩化チタン(IV)水溶液に塩化スズ(IV)をTi/Sn(モル比)が5となるように添加し、これを純水で10倍に希釈した後、この水溶液に10質量%のアンモニア水を徐々に添加して中和、加水分解することにより水酸化チタンの沈殿物を得た。このときの溶液のpHは9であった。得られた水酸化チタンの沈殿物を、純水の添加とデカンテーションを繰り返して脱イオン処理した。この脱イオン処理後の水酸化チタン沈殿物に過酸化水素/水酸化チタン(モル比)が2.5以上となるように30質量%過酸化水素水を添加し、その後室温で一昼夜撹拌して十分に反応させた。その後、純水を添加して濃度調整を行うことにより、黄色透明のスズ含有ペルオキソチタン酸溶液(c)(固形分濃度1質量%)を得た。
(7)36質量%の塩化チタン(IV)水溶液を純水で10倍に希釈した後、この水溶液に10質量%のアンモニア水を徐々に添加して中和、加水分解することにより水酸化チタンの沈殿物を得た。このときの溶液のpHは10であった。得られた水酸化チタンの沈殿物を、純水の添加とデカンテーションを繰り返して脱イオン処理した。この脱イオン処理後の水酸化チタン沈殿物に過酸化水素/水酸化チタン(モル比)が2.5以上となるように30質量%過酸化水素水を添加し、その後室温で一昼夜撹拌して十分に反応させた。その後、純水を添加して濃度調整を行うことにより、黄色透明のペルオキソチタン酸溶液(e)(固形分濃度1質量%)を得た。
(10)硫酸鉄水溶液を添加しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、酸化チタン系微粒子分散液(D)を得た。得られた分散液中の酸化チタン微粒子の平均粒子径を測定したところ、9nmであった。
(11)容積500mLのオートクレーブに実施例3で得られたペルオキソチタン酸水溶液(e)400mLを仕込み、これを150℃、120分間水熱処理した。その後、オートクレーブ内の反応混合物を、サンプリング管を経由して、25℃の水浴中に保持した容器に排出し、急速に冷却することで反応を停止させ、酸化チタン系微粒子分散液を得た。
水熱処理温度を60℃とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、酸化チタン微粒子分散液(F)を得た。得られた分散液中の酸化チタン微粒子の平均粒子径は粒子生成量が少なかったため、測定できなかった。本比較例では、酸化チタン微粒子の生成量が極微量であったため、その他の特性の測定は行わなかった。
(12)36質量%の塩化チタン(IV)水溶液に塩化スズ(IV)をTi/Sn(モル比)が20となるように添加し、これを純水で10倍に希釈した後、この水溶液に10質量%のアンモニア水を徐々に添加して中和、加水分解することにより水酸化チタンの沈殿物を得た。このときの溶液のpHは9であった。得られた水酸化チタンの沈殿物を、純水の添加とデカンテーションを繰り返して脱イオン処理した。この脱イオン処理後の水酸化チタン沈殿物に過酸化水素/水酸化チタン(モル比)が2.5以上となるように30質量%過酸化水素水を添加し、その後室温で一昼夜撹拌して十分に反応させた。その後、純水を添加して濃度調整を行うことにより、黄色透明のスズ含有ペルオキソチタン酸溶液(g)(固形分濃度1質量%)を得た。
(15)36質量%の塩化チタン(IV)水溶液に塩化スズ(IV)をTi/Sn(モル比)が5となるように添加し、これを純水で10倍に希釈した後、この水溶液に10質量%のアンモニア水を徐々に添加して中和、加水分解することにより水酸化チタンの沈殿物を得た。このときの溶液のpHは9であった。得られた水酸化チタンの沈殿物を、純水の添加とデカンテーションを繰り返して脱イオン処理した。この脱イオン処理後の水酸化チタン沈殿物に過酸化水素/水酸化チタン(モル比)が2.5以上となるように30質量%過酸化水素水を添加し、その後室温で一昼夜撹拌して十分に反応させた。その後、純水を添加して濃度調整を行うことにより、黄色透明のスズ含有ペルオキソチタン酸溶液(i)(固形分濃度1質量%)を得た。
(18)36質量%の塩化チタン(IV)水溶液を純水で10倍に希釈した後、この水溶液に10質量%のアンモニア水を徐々に添加して中和、加水分解することにより水酸化チタンの沈殿物を得た。このときの溶液のpHは10であった。得られた水酸化チタンの沈殿物を、純水の添加とデカンテーションを繰り返して脱イオン処理した。この脱イオン処理後の水酸化チタン沈殿物に過酸化水素/水酸化チタン(モル比)が2.5以上となるように30質量%過酸化水素水を添加し、その後室温で一昼夜撹拌して十分に反応させた。その後、純水を添加して濃度調整を行うことにより、黄色透明のペルオキソチタン酸溶液(k)(固形分濃度1質量%)を得た。
(21)硫酸銅水溶液を添加しなかったこと以外は実施例4と同様にして、酸化チタン系微粒子分散液(J)を得た。得られた分散液中の酸化チタン微粒子の平均粒子径を測定したところ、9nmであった。
(22)容積500mLのオートクレーブに実施例6で得られたペルオキソチタン酸水溶液(k)400mLを仕込み、これを150℃、120分間水熱処理した。その後、オートクレーブ内の反応混合物を、サンプリング管を経由して、25℃の水浴中に保持した容器に排出し、急速に冷却することで反応を停止させ、酸化チタン系微粒子分散液を得た。
水熱処理温度を60℃とした以外は実施例4と同様にして、酸化チタン微粒子分散液(L)を得た。得られた分散液中の酸化チタン微粒子の平均粒子径は粒子生成量が少なかったため、測定できなかった。本比較例では、酸化チタン微粒子の生成量が極微量であったため、その他の特性の測定は行わなかった。
Claims (6)
- 水性分散媒中に、酸化チタン微粒子が分散していると共に、ペルオキソチタン成分と、鉄及び/又は銅成分と、並びにスズ成分とが含まれ、且つ該ペルオキソチタン成分の含有量が酸化チタンに対して0.1~20質量%であることを特徴とする可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液。
- 前記鉄成分の金属鉄換算での含有量が、酸化チタンに対して0.01~5質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液。
- 前記銅成分の金属銅換算での含有量が、酸化チタンに対して0.01~5質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液。
- 前記スズ成分の含有量が、酸化チタンとのモル比(Ti/Sn)で1~1000であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液。
- 前記酸化チタン微粒子が、動的散乱法により測定される50%累計分布径(D50)で50nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液。
- (1)原料チタン化合物とスズ化合物と過酸化水素から、スズ化合物を含有したペルオキソチタン酸を製造する工程、
(2)スズ化合物を含有したペルオキソチタン酸水溶液を高圧下、80~250℃で加熱し、ペルオキソチタン成分及びスズ成分を含む酸化チタン微粒子分散液を得る工程、及び
(3)酸化チタン微粒子分散液に鉄化合物及び/又は銅化合物を添加し、反応させる工程
を有することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の可視光応答型酸化チタン系微粒子分散液の製造方法。
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| US13/503,132 US8986580B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2011-03-11 | Visible-light-responsive titanium oxide microparticle dispersion, and process for production thereof |
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| US20120214667A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
| KR101685675B1 (ko) | 2016-12-12 |
| US8986580B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
| CN102639242A (zh) | 2012-08-15 |
| CN102639242B (zh) | 2015-06-24 |
| KR20130079306A (ko) | 2013-07-10 |
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