WO2011129311A1 - 粒子、粒子分散液、粒子分散樹脂組成物、その製造方法、樹脂成形体、その製造方法、触媒粒子、触媒液、触媒組成物、触媒成形体、チタン錯体、酸化チタン粒子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
粒子、粒子分散液、粒子分散樹脂組成物、その製造方法、樹脂成形体、その製造方法、触媒粒子、触媒液、触媒組成物、触媒成形体、チタン錯体、酸化チタン粒子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011129311A1 WO2011129311A1 PCT/JP2011/059040 JP2011059040W WO2011129311A1 WO 2011129311 A1 WO2011129311 A1 WO 2011129311A1 JP 2011059040 W JP2011059040 W JP 2011059040W WO 2011129311 A1 WO2011129311 A1 WO 2011129311A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- organic
- group
- resin
- inorganic
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/02—Compounds of alkaline earth metals or magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/08—Treatment with low-molecular-weight non-polymer organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/60—Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/54—Particles characterised by their aspect ratio, i.e. the ratio of sizes in the longest to the shortest dimension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to particles, particle dispersions, particle dispersion resin compositions and resin moldings, specifically, particle dispersions used for various applications including optical applications, particle dispersion resin compositions and resin moldings, It relates to the particles to be dispersed.
- the present invention also relates to a particle-dispersed resin composition, a particle-dispersed resin molded product, and a method for producing them.
- the present invention also relates to a catalyst particle, a catalyst liquid, a catalyst composition and a catalyst molded body, and more particularly to a catalyst particle having a catalytic action, a catalyst liquid, a catalyst composition and a catalyst molded body.
- the present invention also relates to a resin molded product and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention also relates to a titanium complex, titanium oxide particles and a method for producing the same, in particular, a method for producing titanium oxide particles, a titanium complex used in the method for producing the same, and titanium oxide particles prepared by the method for producing the same.
- nanometer-sized particles are known to be used for optical materials.
- organically modified fine particles by hydrothermally synthesizing metal oxide fine particles made of SiO 2 or TiO 2 and the like with an organic modifier (for example, see Patent Document 1 below).
- oxides such as titanium oxide exhibit photocatalytic action.
- an oxide such as titanium oxide, strontium titanate or tungsten oxide decomposes an organic substance by its photocatalytic action (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1 below).
- the pores (cells) are uniformly formed, and the dielectric constant of the porous polyimide resin is set lower than the dielectric constant of the non-porous polyimide resin.
- titanium oxide particles used for various industrial products are prepared in an organic solvent or the like.
- various methods of preparing titanium oxide particles in water having a small environmental load as compared to organic solvents and the like have been studied.
- titanium oxide particles in which titanium oxide particles are prepared by treating a titanium complex containing glycolic acid as a ligand under water at high temperature and high pressure. It is proposed (for example, the following nonpatent literature 2).
- JP 2005-194148 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-26850
- the particles used for the above-mentioned applications are required to have various properties in addition to the excellent optical properties.
- a molded body may be formed from the catalyst resin composition.
- the oxide is easily aggregated in the resin, and thus there is a problem that the transparency is lowered.
- titanium oxide particles are usually white, but titanium oxide particles prepared by the method for producing titanium oxide particles described in Non-Patent Document 2 have a titanium complex ligand decomposed in water at high temperature and high pressure Therefore, it is colored (brown) by its ligand decomposition product (glycolic acid decomposition product).
- the titanium oxide particles to be prepared are nano-sized, it is very difficult to separate the water-soluble ligand (glycolic acid) remaining in the production of the titanium complex and the titanium oxide particles.
- the first object of the present invention is to provide particles, particle dispersions, particle dispersion resin compositions and resin molded articles having excellent optical properties and excellent dispersibility.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a particle-dispersed resin composition containing organic-inorganic composite particles uniformly dispersed in a resin, a particle-dispersed resin molded product, and a method for producing them.
- the third object of the present invention is that catalyst particles excellent in dispersibility in solvent and / or resin, catalyst particles are dispersed in solvent, catalyst liquid excellent in transparency, deterioration of resin is suppressed, transparency is It is an object of the present invention to provide a catalyst composition and a catalyst molded body which are excellent in
- the 4th objective of this invention is to provide the resin molded object which is excellent in transparency and mechanical strength, and its manufacturing method.
- the fifth object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing titanium oxide particles capable of reducing environmental load and reducing coloring of titanium oxide particles, and the method for producing the same. It is an object of the present invention to provide a titanium complex and titanium oxide particles prepared by the method for producing the same.
- the first invention group for achieving the first object is as follows.
- the particles of the present invention can be dispersed as primary particles in a solvent and / or resin, and the primary particles are organic-inorganic composite particles having an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particles, , And have negative birefringence.
- the inorganic particle is made of an alkaline earth metal-containing carbonate and / or a composite oxide containing an alkaline earth metal.
- the primary particle is obtained by surface treatment of the inorganic particle with an organic compound, and the organic compound is a bonding group capable of binding to the surface of the inorganic particle, and the organic compound. It is preferable to include a hydrophobic group and / or a hydrophilic group which is a group.
- the aspect ratio is preferably 1000 or less.
- the maximum length is preferably 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the particles of the present invention are preferably obtained by hydrothermal synthesis.
- the particle of the present invention it is preferable to hydrothermally synthesize the inorganic compound forming the inorganic particle and the organic compound.
- the particle of the present invention it is preferable to hydrothermally synthesize a metal hydroxide containing an alkaline earth metal, a carbonic acid source and the organic compound.
- the carbonic acid source is formic acid and / or urea.
- the particles of the present invention it is preferable to hydrothermally synthesize a metal hydroxide containing an alkaline earth metal, a metal complex, and the organic compound.
- the particle of the present invention it is preferable that the particle is obtained by subjecting an inorganic compound forming the inorganic particle to a high temperature treatment in the organic compound containing the organic group.
- the particles of the present invention are preferably wet-classified by the solvent.
- the particle dispersion liquid of the present invention includes a solvent, and particles dispersed in the solvent as primary particles in the solvent, and the particles have an organic-inorganic composite particle having an organic group on the surface of inorganic particles. And is characterized by having negative birefringence.
- the particle-dispersed resin composition of the present invention contains a resin and particles dispersed in the resin as primary particles in the resin, and the particles have an organic-inorganic group having an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particles. It is a composite particle characterized by having negative birefringence.
- the resin molded product of the present invention is formed from a particle-dispersed resin composition containing a resin and particles dispersed in the resin as primary particles in the resin, and the particles have an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are characterized by having negative birefringence.
- the resin molding of this invention is an optical film.
- the second invention group for achieving the second object is as follows.
- the particle-dispersed resin composition of the present invention comprises a resin and an organic-inorganic composite particle having an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particle, and the organic-inorganic composite particle is the inorganic particle due to steric hindrance of the organic group.
- the organic-inorganic composite particle is the inorganic particle due to steric hindrance of the organic group.
- They have at least a shape that does not contact each other, and are dispersed as primary particles in a resin.
- the resin has a functional group, and both the organic group and the functional group have a hydrophilic group or both have a hydrophobic group. is there.
- the resin contains a high orientation resin.
- the organic group contains a plurality of homologous organic groups.
- the organic group contains organic groups of a plurality of different groups.
- the particle-dispersed resin molded product of the present invention is molded from a particle-dispersed resin composition containing a resin and an organic-inorganic composite particle having an organic group on the surface of inorganic particles, and the organic-inorganic composite particle is Due to steric hindrance, the inorganic particles have at least a shape that does not come in contact with each other, and are dispersed as primary particles in a resin.
- a resin and an organic-inorganic composite particle having an organic group on the surface of an inorganic particle are used. It is characterized by blending so as to be dispersed as primary particles therein.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are preferably produced in a high temperature solvent, and are also produced in water at high temperature and high pressure. It is suitable.
- a resin and an organic-inorganic composite particle having an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particle are obtained. It is characterized in that a particle-dispersed resin molded product is molded from the particle-dispersed resin composition obtained by blending so as to be dispersed as primary particles therein.
- the third invention group for achieving the third object is as follows.
- the catalyst particle of the present invention contains an inorganic particle having a catalytic action and an organic group bonded to the surface of the inorganic particle, and the inorganic particles do not contact each other due to the steric hindrance of the organic group. It is characterized by what it does.
- the catalyst particles of the present invention preferably have a catalytic action on gas and / or liquid.
- the catalyst particles of the present invention preferably have photocatalytic action on gas and / or liquid.
- the catalyst particles of the present invention are preferably dispersed as primary particles in a solvent and / or resin.
- the catalyst particles of the present invention preferably contain plural kinds of the organic groups different from each other.
- the organic group is bonded to the surface of the inorganic particle via a bonding group, and the bonding group contains a phosphate group and / or a phosphate group. Is preferred.
- the inorganic particles of the present invention it is preferable that the inorganic particles contain an oxide.
- the inorganic particles preferably contain at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 , WO 3 and SrTiO 3 , and Pt, Pd, It is preferable to further contain at least one inorganic substance selected from the group consisting of Cu, CuO, RuO 2 and NiO.
- the average value of the maximum length is 450 nm or less.
- the catalyst particles of the present invention are preferably obtained by surface treatment of an inorganic substance and / or a complex thereof with an organic compound containing the organic group, and the inorganic substance and / or the complex may be subjected to high temperature treatment. It is preferred to surface treat with the organic compound under high pressure water, or it is also preferred to surface treat the inorganic and / or the complex in the organic compound at high temperature.
- the catalyst liquid of the present invention contains a solvent and catalyst particles dispersed in the solvent, and the catalyst particles contain inorganic particles having a catalytic action and an organic group bonded to the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the catalyst particles are characterized in that the inorganic particles do not come in contact with each other due to the steric hindrance of the organic group.
- the catalyst composition of the present invention comprises a resin and catalyst particles dispersed in the resin, and the catalyst particles include: inorganic particles having a catalytic action; and an organic group bonded to the surface of the inorganic particles
- the catalyst particles are characterized in that the catalyst particles have a shape in which the inorganic particles do not contact with each other due to steric hindrance of the organic group.
- the molded catalyst of the present invention is formed of a catalyst composition containing a resin and catalyst particles dispersed in the resin, and the catalyst particles include inorganic particles having a catalytic action and the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the catalyst particles are characterized in that the catalyst particles have a shape in which the inorganic particles are not in contact with each other due to steric hindrance of the organic groups.
- the molded catalyst of the present invention is preferably an optical film.
- the fourth invention group for achieving the fourth object is as follows.
- the resin molded product of the present invention contains a resin, an inorganic particle, and an organic group bonded to the surface of the inorganic particle, and has a shape in which the inorganic particles do not contact with each other due to the steric hindrance. It is characterized by having a micropore which is formed by removing the organic-inorganic composite particles from a particle-containing resin molded product containing the organic-inorganic composite particles.
- grains is 400 nm or less.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are preferably dispersed as primary particles in the resin, or the particle-containing resin molded product is preferable
- the resin has a phase separation structure formed of a resin phase comprising the resin and the particle phase which is composed of the organic-inorganic composite particles and is phase-separated from the resin phase, and further, the phase separation structure is
- the particle phase is a three-dimensionally continuous co-continuous phase separation structure.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles partially remain, and the residual ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is directed to one side of the resin molded product. High is preferred.
- the said organic group in the resin molding of this invention, it is suitable for the said organic group to contain several mutually different organic groups.
- the method for producing a resin molded product according to the present invention comprises inorganic particles and an organic group bonded to the surface of the inorganic particles, and the inorganic particles do not contact each other due to steric hindrance of the organic groups.
- Preparing an organic-inorganic composite particle, compounding the organic-inorganic composite particle and a resin, preparing a particle-containing resin composition, and forming a particle-containing resin molded body from the particle-containing resin composition The method is characterized in that it comprises a step of forming micropores formed by removing the organic-inorganic composite particles from the particle-containing resin molded body.
- the step of preparing the organic-inorganic composite particles it is preferable to surface-treat the inorganic raw material with an organic compound under high temperature and high pressure water. In the step of preparing the composite particles, it is preferable to surface-treat the inorganic raw material in a high temperature organic compound.
- the 5th invention group for achieving the said 5th objective is as follows.
- the titanium complex of the present invention is characterized by containing a titanium atom as a central atom and containing a hydroxycarboxylic acid having 7 or more carbon atoms in total as a ligand.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid is preferably a hydroxyalkanoic acid having 7 or more carbon atoms in total.
- the hydroxyalkanoic acid is preferably linear.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid is preferably a hydroxymonocarboxylic acid.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid is preferably a monohydroxycarboxylic acid.
- the total carbon number of the hydroxycarboxylic acid is preferably 13 or less.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid is 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid and / or 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid.
- titanium oxide particles of the present invention treat a titanium complex containing a titanium atom as a central atom and containing a hydroxycarboxylic acid having a total carbon number of 7 or more as a ligand under high temperature and high pressure water. It is characterized by being obtained by
- the method for producing titanium oxide particles of the present invention comprises a titanium complex containing a titanium atom as a central atom and containing a hydroxycarboxylic acid having 7 or more carbon atoms as a ligand under high temperature and pressure water. , Is characterized by processing.
- the particles of the present invention can be dispersed as primary particles in a solvent and / or resin, the dispersibility in the solvent and / or resin is excellent.
- the particles are dispersed with good uniformity.
- the resin molded product of the present invention can ensure excellent optical properties.
- the method for producing the particle dispersed resin composition and the particle dispersed resin molded product according to the present invention contains the resin and the organic-inorganic composite particles so as to be dispersed as primary particles in the resin by the steric hindrance of the organic group.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles can be easily and uniformly dispersed in the resin by a simple method.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are uniformly dispersed in the resin, they are excellent in transparency and suitably used in various industrial applications including optical applications.
- the catalyst particles of the present invention are uniformly dispersed in the solvent and / or the resin because the inorganic particles have a shape that does not contact each other due to the steric hindrance of the organic group.
- the catalyst particles of the present invention are dispersed in a solvent, the catalyst particles are uniformly dispersed, so that the transparency can be improved.
- the catalyst particles of the present invention are dispersed in a resin, and in the catalyst molded article of the present invention formed therefrom, The particles are less likely to be in direct contact with the resin. Therefore, while the deterioration of the resin in the catalyst composition and the catalyst molded body can be suppressed, the catalytic action on gas and liquid can be expressed.
- the catalyst composition of the present invention and the catalyst molded article of the present invention are excellent in durability, and have various effects such as detoxification, deodorization, bacteria removal (or antibacterial or sterilization), antifouling, decomposition and the like. It can exhibit a catalytic action.
- the catalyst composition of the present invention and the catalyst shaped body of the present invention since the catalyst particles are uniformly dispersed, transparency can be improved.
- the molded catalyst of the present invention can be used for various optical applications and various building materials applications.
- the resin molding of this invention can be used for various industrial uses including an optical use as a resin molding which is excellent in transparency and reliability.
- the titanium complex of the present invention contains a hydroxycarboxylic acid having 7 or more carbon atoms in total as a ligand. Therefore, even if titanium oxide particles are prepared in water at high temperature and pressure, decomposition of the ligand is suppressed, and coloring of the titanium oxide particles can be reduced.
- the coloring of the titanium oxide particles can be reduced while reducing the environmental load.
- FIG. 1 shows an image-processed view of an FE-SEM photograph of Example 1-1.
- FIG. 2 shows an image-processed FE-SEM photograph of Comparative Example 1-2.
- FIG. 3 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of Example 1-17.
- FIG. 4 shows an image-processed view of an FE-SEM photograph of Example 1-29.
- FIG. 5 shows an image-processed FE-SEM photograph of Comparative Example 1-3.
- FIG. 6 shows an image-processed FE-SEM photograph of Example 1-47.
- FIG. 7 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of Example 1-55.
- FIG. 8 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of Comparative Example 1-4.
- FIG. 9 shows an image-processed FE-SEM photograph of Example 1-56.
- FIG. 10 shows the particle size distribution of particles in the particle dispersion of Preparation Example 1-1.
- FIG. 11 shows an image-processed FE-SEM photograph of a cross section of a resin molded product in which the particles of Example 1-36 are dispersed.
- FIG. 12 shows an image-processed FE-SEM photograph of a cross section of a resin molded product in which the particles of Comparative Example 1-2 are dispersed.
- FIG. 13 shows an image-processed FE-SEM photograph of a cross section of an optical film in which the particles of Example 1-36 are dispersed.
- FIG. 14 shows an image-processed FE-SEM photograph of a cross section of an optical film in which the particles of Comparative Example 1-2 are dispersed.
- FIG. 11 shows an image-processed FE-SEM photograph of a cross section of a resin molded product in which the particles of Example 1-36 are dispersed.
- FIG. 12 shows an image-processed FE-SEM
- FIG. 15 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of the organic-inorganic composite particles of Preparation Example 2-1.
- FIG. 16 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of a cut surface of the film of Example 2-1.
- FIG. 17 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of a cut surface of a film of Example 2-2.
- FIG. 18 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of a cut surface of a film of Example 2-3.
- FIG. 19 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of a cut surface of a film of Example 2-4.
- FIG. 20 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of a cut surface of a film of Example 2-7.
- FIG. 21 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of a cut surface of a film of Example 2-8.
- FIG. 22 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of a cut surface of a film of Example 2-11.
- FIG. 23 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of a cut surface of the film of Example 2-13.
- FIG. 24 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of a cut surface of the film of Example 2-14.
- FIG. 25 shows UV-visible absorption spectra at the start of light irradiation, at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours in Example 3-10. Show.
- FIG. 26 shows light emission start time, 5 minutes elapsed time, 10 minutes elapsed time, 15 minutes elapsed time, 30 minutes elapsed time, 1 hour elapsed time, and 2 hours elapsed time in Example 3-66.
- FIG. 27 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of the porous film of Example 4-6.
- FIG. 28 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of the porous film of Example 4-7.
- FIG. 29 shows an image-processed TEM photograph of the porous film of Example 4-13.
- the particles of the present invention are dispersed as primary particles in a solvent and / or resin
- the primary particle is an organic-inorganic composite particle having an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particle, and has negative birefringence.
- primary particles are obtained as organic-inorganic composite particles in which inorganic particles are surface-treated with an organic compound.
- the inorganic compound (inorganic material) forming the inorganic particles has negative birefringence (minus birefringence), and, for example, a carbonate containing an alkaline earth metal, and / or an alkaline earth Examples include composite oxides containing metals.
- alkaline earth metal examples include beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), radium (Ra) and the like.
- Be beryllium
- Mg magnesium
- Ca calcium
- strontium Sr
- Ba barium
- Ra radium
- the alkaline earth metals can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- alkaline earth metal-containing carbonate examples include beryllium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate and radium carbonate. These carbonates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an alkali metal acid such as an alkaline earth metal titanate, an alkaline earth metal ferrate, an alkaline earth metal stannate, an alkaline earth metal zirconate and the like
- earth metal salts for example, an alkali metal acid such as an alkaline earth metal titanate, an alkaline earth metal ferrate, an alkaline earth metal stannate, an alkaline earth metal zirconate and the like
- the composite oxides can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- alkaline earth metal titanates can be mentioned.
- the alkaline earth metal titanate for example, titanate beryllium (BeTiO 3), magnesium titanate (MgTiO 3), calcium titanate (CaTiO 3), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3), barium titanate (BaTiO 3 And radium titanate (RaTiO 3 ).
- the alkaline earth metal titanate can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic compound is, for example, a hydrophobized organic compound and / or a hydrophilized organic compound that imparts hydrophobicity and / or hydrophilicity to the surface of inorganic particles, and specifically, a bonding group capable of binding to the surface of inorganic particles And a hydrophobic group and / or a hydrophilic group.
- the bonding group is appropriately selected according to the type of the inorganic particle, and examples thereof include functional groups such as a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group (-PO (OH) 2 , phosphono group), an amino group, and a sulfo group.
- One or more of these bonding groups may be contained in the organic compound.
- the hydrophobic group in the hydrophobized organic compound includes, for example, a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, such as an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl alkylene group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group and the like. Can be mentioned.
- alkyl group for example, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 3,3,5-trimethylhexyl, isooctyl, nonyl
- a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms such as isononyl, decyl, isodecyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, icosyl and the like.
- a linear or branched alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms can be mentioned.
- alkenyl group examples include alkenyl groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms such as hexenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl, tetradecenyl, hexadecenyl, octadecenyl and icosenyl.
- alkynyl group examples include alkynyl groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms such as hexynyl, heptynyl, octynyl, decynyl, undecynyl, dodecynyl, tridecynyl, tetradecynyl, pentadecynyl, hexadecynyl, heptadecynyl, octadecynyl and the like.
- cycloalkyl group examples include cycloalkyl groups having 4 to 20 carbons such as cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl and cyclododecyl.
- cycloalkenyl alkylene group examples include norbornene decyl (norboneryl decyl, bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-enyl-decyl) and the like.
- aryl group examples include aryl groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as phenyl, xylyl, naphthyl and biphenyl.
- aralkyl group examples include aralkyl groups having 7 to 20 carbon atoms such as benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, diphenylmethyl, phenylbutyl, phenylpentyl, phenylhexyl and phenylheptyl.
- hydrophobic groups preferred are an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl alkylene group and an aralkyl group.
- hydrophobized organic compound for example, alkyl group-containing compounds such as hexanoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, decanoic acid, decylamine, lauric acid, decylphosphonic acid, trioctylphosphinoxide, etc.
- alkenyl group-containing compounds such as 10-undecenoic acid and oleic acid
- cycloalkyl group-containing compounds such as cyclohexanepentanoic acid (cyclohexylpentanoic acid) and cyclopentanedecanoic acid
- cycloalkenyl alkylenes such as norbornene decanoic acid
- Group-containing compounds such as aralkyl group-containing compounds such as 6-phenylhexanoic acid and the like can be mentioned.
- hydrophilic group in a hydrophilization organic compound a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, etc. are mentioned.
- One or more hydrophilic groups may be contained in the hydrophilized organic compound.
- hydrophilized organic compound for example, hydroxyl group-containing compounds such as ethyl-6-hydroxyhexanoate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (monohydroxy carboxylic acid And esters thereof, carbonyl group-containing compounds such as 4-oxovaleric acid (that is, monocarbonyl carboxylic acids), and the like.
- hydrophobic group and / or hydrophilic group is regarded as an organic group present on the surface of the inorganic particle in the organic-inorganic composite particle.
- the particles of the present invention can be obtained by subjecting an inorganic compound and the above-described organic compound to a reaction treatment, preferably a high temperature treatment.
- inorganic compounds and organic compounds are subjected to high temperature treatment in water under high pressure (hydrothermal synthesis: hydrothermal reaction), or inorganic compounds are subjected to high temperature treatment in organic compounds (high temperature treatment in organic compounds)
- the particles of the present invention are obtained by That is, the particles of the present invention are obtained by surface-treating the surface of the inorganic particles formed of the inorganic compound with an organic group.
- hydrothermal synthesis for example, the above-mentioned inorganic compound and an organic compound are reacted in the presence of water under high temperature and high pressure (first hydrothermal synthesis).
- an inorganic compound, an organic compound, and water are charged into a pressure-resistant closed vessel, and the reaction system is prepared under high temperature and high pressure by heating them.
- the blending ratio of each component is, for example, 5 to 160 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 110 parts by weight, of water, for example, 200 to 1000 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the inorganic compound. Preferably, it is 400 to 700 parts by weight.
- the blending ratio of the organic compound is less than the above range, the degree of progress of the surface modification reaction may be small, and the dispersibility in the solvent and / or the resin may be reduced.
- the compounding ratio of the organic compound exceeds the above range, the surface modification reaction proceeds sufficiently, but the cost may increase because the organic compound is used in excess.
- the reaction proceeds while coarse particles (for example, the maximum length is about 0.2 to 0.8 mm) are obtained and are not suitable for optical applications. There is.
- the concentration of the inorganic compound may be excessively high, and the target particles may not be produced.
- the density of the organic compound is usually 0.8 to 1.1 g / mL
- the mixing ratio of the organic compound on a volume basis is, for example, 10 to 150 mL, preferably 100 g of the inorganic compound. 20 to 100 mL.
- the blending mole number of the organic compound can be set to, for example, 0.01 to 1000 moles, preferably 0.1 to 10 moles, with respect to 1 mole of the metal contained in the inorganic compound.
- the density of water is usually about 1 g / mL
- the mixing ratio of water on a volume basis is, for example, 200 to 1000 mL, preferably 400 to 700 mL, per 100 g of the inorganic compound.
- the mixing ratio of the organic compound and water is in the above range, the surface of the inorganic particles can be reliably surface-treated.
- reaction conditions in the hydrothermal reaction are, for example, a heating temperature of 100 to 500 ° C., preferably 200 to 400 ° C.
- the hydrothermal reaction may not proceed sufficiently and the inorganic compound may remain.
- the heating temperature exceeds the above-mentioned range, the hydrothermal reaction proceeds while giving an excessive amount of heat, which may increase the cost or increase the environmental load.
- the pressure is, for example, 10 to 50 MPa, preferably 20 to 40 MPa.
- the hydrothermal reaction may not proceed sufficiently and the inorganic compound may remain.
- the pressure is in the above-mentioned range, the hydrothermal reaction proceeds and safety can be improved.
- the reaction time is, for example, 1 to 200 minutes, preferably 3 to 150 minutes.
- reaction time is less than the above range, the hydrothermal reaction may not proceed sufficiently and the inorganic compound may remain.
- the reaction time exceeds the above range, the hydrothermal reaction proceeds, while particle growth proceeds, coarse particles may be obtained, and it may not be suitable for optical applications, and a long time is required. May rise.
- the precipitate is obtained, for example, by sedimentation, which causes the reaction to settle by gravity or centrifugal field.
- it is obtained as a precipitate of the reaction product by centrifugal sedimentation (centrifugation) by sedimentation by a centrifugal field.
- the deposit is recovered by, for example, spatula or the like.
- the reaction product can also be recovered (separated) by adding a solvent and washing the unreacted organic compound (that is, dissolving the organic compound in the solvent), and thereafter removing the solvent.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and isopropanol, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and the like are used, and preferably alcohol is used.
- reaction product is separated from the solvent (supernatant) and recovered, for example, by filtration, decantation and the like.
- the particles of the present invention can also be obtained by hydrothermally synthesizing a metal hydroxide containing an alkaline earth metal, a carbonic acid source, and an organic compound (second hydrothermal synthesis).
- metal hydroxide examples include beryllium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and radium hydroxide.
- the carbon source for example, formic acid and / or urea can be mentioned.
- organic compound the same organic compounds as those used in the above-described first hydrothermal synthesis can be mentioned.
- the proportion of each component is, for example, 5 to 140 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 70 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the metal hydroxide, and the organic compound is, for example, 4 to 550
- the amount is preferably 15 to 330 parts by weight
- the water is, for example, 150 to 2500 parts by weight, preferably 300 to 500 parts by weight.
- the concentration of the metal hydroxide may be excessively low and particles may not be obtained.
- the compounding ratio of a carbonic acid source exceeds the above-mentioned range, while reaction will advance, coarse particles may be obtained and it may not be suitable for optical use.
- the surface modification reaction may not proceed sufficiently, and the dispersibility in the solvent and / or the resin may be reduced.
- the compounding ratio of an organic compound exceeds the above-mentioned range, while surface modification reaction fully advances, in order to use an organic compound excessively, cost may rise.
- the reaction proceeds if the blending ratio of water is less than the above-mentioned range, coarse particles may be obtained, which may not be suitable for optical applications.
- the concentration of the metal hydroxide may be excessively high, and it may not be possible to produce the intended particles.
- the blending ratio of the carbonate source on a volume basis is, for example, 5 to 100 mL, preferably 100 g of metal hydroxide. Is 10 to 50 mL.
- the blending mole number of the carbon source is, for example, 0.4 to 100 moles, preferably 1.01 to 10.0 moles, and more preferably 1.05 to 1 mole with respect to 1 mole of the metal hydroxide. It can also be set to .30 mol.
- the blending ratio of the organic compound on a volume basis is, for example, 5 to 500 mL, preferably 20 to 300 mL, per 100 g of metal hydroxide, and the blending mole number of the organic compound is 1 mol of metal hydroxide For example, it can be set to 0.01 to 10000 mol, preferably 0.1 to 10 mol.
- the mixing ratio of water on a volume basis is, for example, 150 to 2500 mL, preferably 300 to 500 mL, per 100 g of metal hydroxide.
- the mixing ratio of the organic compound and water is in the above range, the surface of the inorganic particles can be reliably surface-treated.
- reaction conditions in the second hydrothermal synthesis are the same as the reaction conditions in the first hydrothermal synthesis described above.
- the particles of the present invention can be obtained by hydrothermally synthesizing a metal hydroxide containing an alkaline earth metal, a metal complex, and an organic compound (third hydrothermal synthesis) .
- metal hydroxide containing an alkaline earth metal those similar to the metal hydroxide containing an alkaline earth metal used in the above-mentioned second hydrothermal synthesis can be mentioned.
- the metal element of the metal complex is a metal element constituting a complex oxide with an alkaline earth metal contained in a metal hydroxide, and examples thereof include a titanium element, an iron element, a tin element, and a zirconium element.
- a titanium element is mentioned.
- metal complex ligand examples include monohydroxycarboxylic acids such as 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid.
- metal complexes examples include 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid titanate.
- a metal complex can be obtained by preparing from the above-mentioned metal element and ligand.
- organic compound the same organic compounds as those used in the above-described first hydrothermal synthesis can be mentioned.
- the compounding ratio of each component is, for example, 1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight of metal hydroxide to 100 parts by weight of metal complex, and the organic compound is, for example, 4 to 550 It is part by weight, preferably 15 to 330 parts by weight, and water is, for example, 200 to 1000 parts by weight, preferably 300 to 700 parts by weight.
- the concentration of the metal hydroxide may be excessively low and particles may not be obtained.
- the compounding ratio of the metal hydroxide exceeds the above-mentioned range, while the surface modification reaction proceeds, coarse particles may be obtained and it may not be suitable for optical applications.
- the surface modification reaction may not proceed sufficiently, and the dispersibility in the solvent and / or the resin may be reduced.
- the compounding ratio of an organic compound exceeds the above-mentioned range, while surface modification reaction fully advances, in order to use an organic compound excessively, cost may rise.
- the reaction proceeds if the blending ratio of water is less than the above-mentioned range, coarse particles may be obtained, which may not be suitable for optical applications.
- the concentration of the metal hydroxide may be excessively high, and it may not be possible to produce the intended particles.
- the blending ratio of the organic compound on a volume basis is, for example, 5 to 500 mL, preferably 20 to 300 mL, per 100 g of the metal complex, and the blending mole number of the organic compound is 1 mole of the metal hydroxide. On the other hand, it can be set to 0.01 to 1000.
- the mixing ratio of water on a volume basis is, for example, 200 to 1000 mL, preferably 300 to 700 mL, per 100 g of the metal complex.
- the mixing ratio of the organic compound and water is in the above range, the surface of the inorganic particles can be reliably surface-treated.
- reaction conditions for the third hydrothermal synthesis are the same as the reaction conditions for the first hydrothermal synthesis described above.
- hydrothermal synthesis (first, second and third hydrothermal synthesis) can also be carried out in the presence of a pH adjuster.
- the second hydrothermal synthesis is carried out in the presence of a pH adjuster.
- pH adjusters examples include alkalis and acids.
- alkali examples include inorganic alkalis such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, and organic alkalis such as ammonia.
- organic alkalis such as ammonia.
- the acid examples include inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, and organic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid.
- an alkali is used.
- the pH of the reaction system is set to, for example, 8 to 12 by the pH adjuster.
- the average particle size of the obtained particles can be set to a desired range, more specifically, to a smaller value. Therefore, particles having a small average particle diameter (or longitudinal length LL and short side length SL, described later) can be suitably used for optical applications.
- Examples of the inorganic compound to be subjected to high temperature treatment in the organic compound include the same as the above-mentioned inorganic compounds.
- an inorganic compound and an organic compound are blended, and they are heated, for example, under normal pressure.
- the blending ratio of the organic compound is, for example, 10 to 10000 parts by weight, preferably 100 to 1000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the inorganic compound. Further, the mixing ratio of the organic compound on a volume basis is, for example, 10 to 10000 mL, preferably 100 to 1000 mL, per 100 g of the inorganic compound.
- the heating temperature is, for example, a temperature exceeding 100 ° C., preferably 125 ° C. or more, more preferably 150 ° C. or more, and usually, for example, 300 ° C. or less, preferably 275 ° C. or less.
- the heating time is, for example, 1 to 60 minutes, preferably 3 to 30 minutes.
- the particles (primary particles) obtained in this manner mainly have a needle shape, and the longitudinal length (maximum length) LL thereof is, for example, 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably 5 nm to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably The length is 10 nm to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 40 nm to 10 ⁇ m, and the short side length (minimum length) SL is, for example, 1 nm to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 3 nm to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m.
- particles (primary particles) obtained by hydrothermal synthesis in the presence of a pH adjusting agent have a longitudinal length LL of, for example, 1 nm to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 10 nm to 10 ⁇ m,
- the hand direction length SL is, for example, 0.5 nm to 2 ⁇ m, preferably 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the longitudinal length LL is less than the above-mentioned range, the particles may become excessively small and the physical strength may be reduced.
- the longitudinal direction length LL exceeds the above-described range, the optical properties may be good, while the optical fiber may be broken when mixed with a resin or the like.
- the short direction length SL is less than the above-described range, the particles may become excessively small and the physical strength may be reduced.
- the widthwise direction length SL exceeds the above range, a sufficient aspect ratio may not be obtained.
- the aspect ratio of the particles is, for example, 1000 or less, specifically, 1 to 1000, preferably 3 to 100, and more preferably 5 to 30.
- the optical properties are degraded. If the aspect ratio is more than the above range, the optical properties may be good, but they may be broken when mixed with a resin or the like.
- the particles obtained in this manner are difficult to aggregate in the dry state, and even if they apparently aggregate in the dry state, they are aggregated in the particle dispersion and / or particle dispersion resin composition described below. It is reliably prevented (formation of secondary particles) and dispersed almost uniformly as primary particles in the solvent and / or resin.
- the particles obtained by the above can also be wet classified.
- a solvent is added to the particles, they are stirred and then allowed to stand, and then separated into a supernatant and a precipitate.
- the solvent the same as described above can be mentioned.
- the longitudinal length LL of the obtained particles is adjusted to, for example, 10 nm to 400 nm, preferably 20 nm to 200 nm, by wet classification, and the short side length SL is, for example, 1 nm to 100 nm, preferably 5 nm to It can be prepared at 50 nm.
- the longitudinal length LL is less than the above-mentioned range, the particles may become excessively small and the physical strength may be reduced.
- the longitudinal direction length LL exceeds the above-described range, the optical properties may be good, while the optical fiber may be broken when mixed with a resin or the like.
- the short direction length SL is less than the above-described range, the particles may become excessively small and the physical strength may be reduced.
- the widthwise direction length SL exceeds the above range, a sufficient aspect ratio may not be obtained.
- the solvent in which the particles obtained as described above are dispersed is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the solvents used in the above-described washing, and further, in addition to them, for example, chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,1, Halogenated hydrocarbons such as 1-trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene etc., for example, alkanes such as pentane, hexane, heptane etc. eg cycloalkanes such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane etc.
- esters such as eg ethyl acetate, eg ethylene glycol, Polyols such as glycerin, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran, for example, nitrogen-containing such as N-methylpyrrolidone, pyridine, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, etc. Things and the like.
- solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the proportion of the solvent is not particularly limited, and is adjusted so that the concentration of particles in the particle dispersion is, for example, 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably 1 to 50% by weight.
- the concentration of the particles in the particle dispersion is less than the above range, it is too dilute, so that sufficient optical properties may not be obtained when mixed in a resin etc. On the other hand, if it exceeds the above range, the dispersion Gender may decrease.
- the particles and solvent are combined and they are stirred.
- the particles are uniformly dispersed in the solvent as primary particles, that is, the particles are not aggregated.
- thermosetting resin a thermoplastic resin, etc. are mentioned.
- thermosetting resin examples include epoxy resin, polyimide resin (thermosetting polyimide resin), phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, diallyl phthalate resin, silicone resin, urethane resin (thermosetting urethane resin) and the like.
- thermoplastic resin for example, polyolefin (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer etc.), acrylic resin (for example, polymethyl methacrylate etc.), polyvinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) ), Polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide (PA; nylon), polycarbonate, polyacetal, polyester (eg, polyarylate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc.), polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, poly Ether ether ketone (PEEK), polyallyl sulfone, thermoplastic polyimide resin, thermoplastic urethane resin, polyamino bismaleimide, polyamide imide, polymer Etherimide, bismaleimide triazine resin, polymethylpentene, fluorinated resin, liquid crystal polymer,
- These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- thermoplastic resins preferably polyetherimides and polyesters can be mentioned.
- the melting temperature of the above-mentioned resin is, for example, 200 to 300 ° C.
- the softening temperature is, for example, 150 to 280 ° C.
- At least the particles and the resin are compounded and they are agitated.
- the particles, the solvent and the resin are blended and stirred to obtain a particle dispersed resin liquid, and then the solvent in the particle dispersed resin liquid is removed.
- the particles can be dispersed more uniformly in the resin.
- a resin solution and / or a resin dispersion dissolved and / or dispersed in a solvent and the above-described particle dispersion are blended.
- Examples of the solvent used for preparing the resin solution and / or the resin dispersion include the same as described above, and the blending ratio thereof is, for example, 100 parts by weight of the resin of the resin solution and / or the resin dispersion. It is adjusted to be 40 to 2000 parts by weight, preferably 50 to 1000 parts by weight.
- the blending ratio of the solvent is less than the blending ratio described above, the viscosity of the resin solution or the resin dispersion may be excessively increased, which may make it difficult to apply, and the dispersibility of the particles may be reduced.
- the compounding ratio of the solvent exceeds the above range, the viscosity of the resin solution or the resin dispersion may be excessively reduced and it may be difficult to apply with a thick thickness because it is too dilute.
- the blending ratio of the resin solution and / or the resin dispersion and the particle dispersion is such that the blending ratio of the particles is, for example, 0.1 to 240 parts by weight, preferably 100 parts by weight of the resin (solid content). Is adjusted to be 5 to 100 parts by weight. In other words, the concentration of particles in the particle dispersion resin composition is adjusted to be 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably 1 to 50% by weight.
- the particle dispersion resin composition may not be able to obtain sufficient optical properties because the composition is too dilute, while if it exceeds the above range, the dispersibility of the particles is reduced. May.
- the particle-dispersed resin composition is dried, for example, by heating at 40 to 60 ° C. to remove the solvent, to obtain a particle-dispersed resin composition.
- the particle-dispersed resin composition is injected into a mold or the like, and then the resin molded product of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by thermoforming such as hot pressing.
- the heat press for example, a vacuum press is used, and the conditions are such that the temperature is the melting temperature or the softening temperature of the resin or higher, specifically 100 to 300 ° C., preferably 150 to 250 ° C., and the pressing pressure is, for example, 20 to 1000 MPa, preferably 40 to 80 MPa.
- the resin may not be able to be softened, while if it exceeds the above range, the resin may be thermally decomposed, and the heat is given in excess. Costs may rise.
- the pressing pressure is less than the above range, the resin may not be able to be sufficiently deformed (formed). On the other hand, if the above range is exceeded, it is a condition that can be sufficiently formed. May be too high and costs may rise.
- the particle dispersion resin solution is applied onto a support plate by a coating method such as spin coating or roll coating, and then the solvent is removed at the same temperature as described above, and then heat curing is carried out as necessary.
- the resin molded product of the present invention can be obtained by obtaining a coating film comprising the particle-dispersed resin composition and then, if necessary, further drying (coating method).
- the resin molded product of the present invention can also be obtained by an extrusion molding method in which the above-described particle dispersed resin composition is extrusion molded using an extrusion molding machine or the like.
- the particles are uniformly dispersed in the resin as primary particles, that is, the particles are not aggregated.
- the resin molding of this invention is used for various uses, for example, it is used for an optical use, an electronic / electrical use, a machine use etc. When used for electronic and electrical applications, for example, it is used for a flexible substrate and the like.
- it is used for optical applications, specifically, for optical fibers, optical disks, light guide plates, optical films and the like.
- the thickness of the optical film is, for example, 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the optical film is less than the above range, sufficient optical properties may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the above range is exceeded, sufficient optical properties may be obtained while obtaining a uniform film. It can be difficult and costs can increase.
- the film-form resin molding suitable for an optical use ie, an optical film
- the film-form resin molding suitable for an optical use ie, an optical film
- the particles of the present invention described above can be dispersed as primary particles in a solvent and / or a resin, the dispersibility in the solvent and / or the resin is excellent.
- the particles are dispersed with good uniformity.
- the particles of the present invention have negative birefringence.
- the resin molded product of the present invention can ensure excellent optical properties, and is usefully used as an optical member, particularly as an optical film.
- the particles of the present invention are dispersed with a particle diameter (longitudinal length LL and short side length SL) smaller than the wavelength of light (for example, 380 to 800 nm in visible light).
- a particle diameter longest dimension LL and short side length SL
- the wavelength of light for example, 380 to 800 nm in visible light
- the optical film of the present invention can be suitably used for a phase difference plate or a polarizing plate of a plasma display panel or a liquid crystal television.
- Second Embodiment Embodiment corresponding to the invention of the particle dispersed resin composition, the particle dispersed resin molded product and the method for producing them according to the second invention group The particle dispersed resin composition of the present invention comprises a resin and an organic-inorganic composite particle It contains.
- thermosetting resin As a resin, a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- thermosetting resin for example, polycarbonate resin, epoxy resin, thermosetting polyimide resin (including thermosetting fluorine-based polyimide resin), phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, diallyl phthalate resin, silicone resin, thermosetting resin Urethane resin and the like.
- thermoplastic resin examples include olefin resin, acrylic resin, polystyrene resin, polyester resin, polyacrylonitrile resin, maleimide resin, maleimide resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyamide resin, polyvinyl chloride Resin, polyacetal resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polysulfone resin, polyethersulfone resin, polyetheretherketone resin, polyarylsulfone resin, thermoplastic polyimide resin (including thermoplastic fluorine-based polyimide resin), thermoplastic urethane And resins, polyetherimide resins, polymethylpentene resins, cellulose resins, liquid crystal polymers, ionomers and the like.
- These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a high orientation resin having high orientation when it is desired to impart excellent mechanical strength to a particle-dispersed resin molded article molded from a particle-dispersed resin composition, preferably, a high orientation resin having high orientation is mentioned, and specific These include olefin resins, acrylic resins, polystyrene resins, polyester resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, thermoplastic polyimide resins, polyetherimide resins, liquid crystal polymers and the like.
- olefin resin As an olefin resin, cyclic olefin resin, chain
- cyclic olefin resin poly norbornene, an ethylene norbornene copolymer, or derivatives thereof are mentioned, for example.
- strand-shaped olefin resin polyethylene, a polypropylene, an ethylene propylene copolymer etc. are mentioned, for example.
- acrylic resin polymethyl methacrylate etc. are mentioned, for example.
- polyester resin examples include polyarylate, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate.
- the polyvinyl alcohol resin is obtained, for example, by complete or partial saponification of a polyvinyl acetate resin obtained by polymerizing a vinyl monomer having vinyl acetate as a main component by an appropriate method.
- the degree of saponification of the polyvinyl alcohol resin is, for example, 70 to 99.99 mol%, preferably 70 to 99.9 mol%.
- the above-mentioned resin preferably has a functional group.
- a functional group hydrophilic groups, such as a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group, for example, hydrophobic groups, such as a hydrocarbon group, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles can be primarily dispersed in a solvent (described later) and / or a resin, and are particles having an organic group on the surface of inorganic particles. Specifically, organic-inorganic composite particles are obtained by surface treatment of inorganic particles with an organic compound. The organic-inorganic composite particles can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- metals consisting of metal elements such as typical elements and transition elements, for example, nonmetals consisting of nonmetal elements such as boron and silicon, for example, inorganic compounds containing metal elements and / or nonmetals Etc.
- Group IIIA elements such as Sc and Y, for example, Group IVA elements such as Ti, Zr and Hf, for example, Group VA elements such as V, Nb and Ta, for example Group VIA elements such as Cr, Mo and W, for example, Group VIIA elements such as Mn and Re, for example, Group VIII elements such as Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt, for example, Group IB elements such as Cu, Ag, and Au
- group IIB elements such as Zn, Cd and Hg, for example, group
- Examples of the inorganic compound include hydrogen compounds, hydroxides, nitrides, halides, oxides, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates, metal complexes, sulfides, carbides, and phosphorus compounds.
- the inorganic compound may be a complex compound, and examples thereof include oxynitride and complex oxide.
- inorganic compounds are mentioned, and more preferably, for example, oxides, composite oxides, carbonates, sulfates and the like are mentioned.
- oxides examples include metal oxides, preferably titanium oxide (titanium dioxide, titanium (IV) oxide, titania: TiO 2 ), cerium oxide (cerium dioxide, cerium (IV) oxide, ceria: CeO 2 ) Etc.
- the oxides can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the complex oxide is a compound of oxygen and a plurality of elements, and as the plurality of elements, an element other than oxygen in the above-mentioned oxide, a group I element and a group II element is selected. Or a combination of at least two or more.
- Examples of the element I include alkali metals such as Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs. Moreover, as a group II element, the alkaline-earth metal similar to the alkaline-earth metal illustrated in 1st Embodiment is mentioned, for example.
- a combination of a plurality of elements preferably, a combination of a group II element and a group IVB element, a combination of a group II element and a group VIII element, a combination of a group II element and a group IVA element, etc.
- a combination containing a genus element is mentioned.
- Examples of the composite oxide containing at least a Group II element include alkaline earth metal titanate, alkaline earth metal zirconate, alkaline earth metal ferrate, alkaline earth metal stannate and the like. .
- alkaline earth metal titanate is mentioned.
- alkaline earth metal titanate examples include the same alkaline earth metal titanate as the alkaline earth metal titanate exemplified in the first embodiment.
- the composite oxides can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- examples of the element to be combined with carbonic acid include alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
- examples of the alkali metal and the alkaline earth metal include the same as described above.
- alkaline earth metals are mentioned.
- a carbonate containing an alkaline earth metal can be mentioned, and as such a carbonate, for example, a carbonate similar to the carbonate exemplified in the first embodiment Can be mentioned. These carbonates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a sulfate is a compound of a sulfate ion (SO 4 2 ⁇ ) and a cation of a metal (more specifically, a compound in which a hydrogen atom of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is substituted with a metal), which is a sulfate
- a metal contained in, for example, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal and the like can be mentioned. Examples of the alkali metal and the alkaline earth metal include the same as described above.
- alkaline earth metals are mentioned.
- sulfate examples include sulfates containing an alkaline earth metal, and examples of such sulfates include beryllium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, strontium sulfate, and barium sulfate. Radium sulfate etc. are mentioned, Preferably, barium sulfate is mentioned.
- sulfates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic compound is, for example, an organic group-introduced compound that introduces (arranges) an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particle, and specifically includes a bonding group capable of bonding to the surface of the inorganic particle, and an organic group It is.
- the bonding group is appropriately selected according to the type of the inorganic particles, and for example, a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group (-PO (OH) 2 , phosphono group), an amino group, a sulfo group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an epoxy group And functional groups such as isocyanate group (cyano group), nitro group, azo group, silyloxy group, imino group, aldehyde group (acyl group), nitrile group, vinyl group (polymerizable group) and the like.
- a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group, an amino group, a sulfo group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an epoxy group, an azo group, a vinyl group etc. are mentioned, More preferably, a carboxyl group and a phosphoric acid group are mentioned.
- the carboxyl group includes a carboxylic acid ester group (carboxy ester group).
- a phosphoric acid group contains a phosphoric acid ester group (phosphonic acid ester group).
- These bonding groups are contained one or more in the organic compound. Specifically, the linking group is linked to the terminal or side chain of the organic group.
- the bonding group is appropriately selected according to the above-mentioned inorganic particle, and specifically, when the inorganic particle contains cerium oxide, strontium carbonate and / or barium sulfate, for example, a carboxyl group is selected, When the inorganic particles contain titanium oxide, for example, a phosphate group is selected.
- the organic group includes, for example, a hydrocarbon group such as an aliphatic group, an alicyclic group, an araliphatic group, and an aromatic group.
- an aliphatic group a saturated aliphatic group, an unsaturated aliphatic group, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- saturated aliphatic groups include alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 3,3,3.
- a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as 5-trimethylhexyl, isooctyl, nonyl, isononyl, decyl, isodecyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, icosyl And paraffin hydrocarbon groups).
- a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms can be mentioned.
- unsaturated aliphatic groups include alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and alkynyl groups.
- alkenyl group examples include alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (olefins such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl, tetradecenyl, octadecenyl (oleyl), icosenyl, etc. Hydrogen group).
- alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms olefins such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl, tetradecenyl, octadecenyl (oleyl), icosenyl, etc. Hydrogen group).
- the alkynyl group includes, for example, alkynyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl, octynyl, decynyl, undecynyl, dodecynyl, tridecynyl, tetradecynyl, pentadecynyl, hexadecynyl, heptadecynyl, octadecynyl and the like (acetylene And hydrocarbon groups).
- alkynyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl, octynyl, decynyl, unde
- Examples of the alicyclic group include cycloalkyl groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and cycloalkenyl alkylene groups having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- cycloalkyl group examples include cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, cyclododecyl and the like.
- cycloalkenyl alkylene group examples include norbornene decyl (norboneryl decyl, bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-enyl-decyl) and the like.
- aromatic aliphatic group examples include aralkyl groups having 7 to 20 carbon atoms such as benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, phenylbutyl, phenylpentyl, phenylhexyl, phenylheptyl, diphenylmethyl and the like.
- aromatic group examples include aryl groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as phenyl, xylyl, naphthyl and biphenyl.
- the organic group described above is a hydrophobic group for imparting hydrophobicity to the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the organic compound containing the above-mentioned hydrophobic group is provided as a hydrophobized organic compound for subjecting the inorganic particles to a hydrophobic treatment.
- the linking group is a carboxyl group, for example, a saturated aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acid (saturated fatty acid) such as hexanoic acid, decanoic acid or the like, for example, And aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acids such as unsaturated aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acids (unsaturated fatty acids) such as oleic acid.
- saturated aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acid saturated aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acid
- decanoic acid such as hexanoic acid, decanoic acid or the like
- aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acids such as unsaturated aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acids (unsaturated fatty acids) such as oleic acid.
- the linking group is a carboxyl group
- an alicyclic group-containing carboxylic acid such as cyclohexyl monocarboxylic acid
- Aromatic aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acids aromatic aliphatic carboxylic acids
- 6-phenylhexanoic acid aromatic group-containing carboxylic acids
- aromatic carboxylic acids aromatic carboxylic acids
- the bonding group is a phosphoric acid group (including a phosphoric acid ester group), for example, a saturated aliphatic group such as ethyl octyl phosphonate and ethyl decyl phosphonate Aliphatic group-containing phosphoric acid esters such as containing phosphoric acid esters.
- a phosphoric acid group including a phosphoric acid ester group
- a saturated aliphatic group such as ethyl octyl phosphonate and ethyl decyl phosphonate
- Aliphatic group-containing phosphoric acid esters such as containing phosphoric acid esters.
- the organic compound can also be provided as a hydrophilized organic compound for subjecting the inorganic particles to a hydrophilic treatment, in which case the organic group in the hydrophilized organic compound is the aforementioned hydrocarbon group and the hydrophilic group bound thereto. And.
- the hydrophilic group is bonded to the end of the above-mentioned hydrocarbon group (the end (other end) opposite to the end bonded to the bonding group (one end)) or a side chain.
- the hydrophilic group is a functional group having polarity (that is, a polar group) and is, for example, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a phosphate group, an amino group, a sulfo group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aldehyde group, a thiol Groups and the like.
- polarity that is, a polar group
- Examples of the organic group containing a carboxyl group include, for example, a carboxy saturated aliphatic group such as 3-carboxypropyl, 4-carboxybutyl, 6-carboxyhexyl, 8-carboxyoctyl, 10-carboxydecyl and the like
- carboxy aliphatic groups such as carboxy unsaturated aliphatic groups such as carboxy butenyl and the like can be mentioned.
- organic group containing a carboxyl group for example, a carboxy alicyclic group such as carboxycyclohexyl, for example, a carboxy araliphatic group such as carboxyphenyl hexyl etc., for example, a carboxy aromatic group such as carboxyphenyl etc.
- a carboxy alicyclic group such as carboxycyclohexyl
- a carboxy araliphatic group such as carboxyphenyl hexyl etc.
- carboxy aromatic group such as carboxyphenyl etc.
- organic group containing a hydroxyl group examples include hydroxy saturated aliphatic groups (hydroxy aliphatic groups) such as 4-hydroxybutyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 8-hydroxyoctyl and the like, for example, 4- Hydroxyaromatic aliphatic groups such as hydroxybenzyl, 2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl, 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) propyl, 6- (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexyl and the like; hydroxyaromatic groups such as hydroxyphenyl and the like Etc.
- hydroxy saturated aliphatic groups such as 4-hydroxybutyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 8-hydroxyoctyl and the like
- 4- Hydroxyaromatic aliphatic groups such as hydroxybenzyl, 2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl, 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) propyl, 6- (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexyl and the like
- hydroxyaromatic groups such as hydroxyphenyl and
- organic group containing a phosphate group examples include, for example, phosphono saturated aliphatic groups such as 6-phosphonohexyl (phosphono aliphatic groups), and phosphono aromatic fats such as 6-phosphonophenylhexyl Group groups.
- Examples of the organic group containing an amino group include, for example, an amino-saturated aliphatic group such as 6-aminohexyl (amino aliphatic group), an amino araliphatic group such as 6-aminophenylhexyl, etc. It can be mentioned.
- organic group containing a sulfo group examples include sulfo-saturated aliphatic groups such as 6-sulfohexyl (sulfo-aliphatic groups), sulfo-aromatic aliphatic groups such as 6-sulfophenylhexyl, etc. It can be mentioned.
- organic group containing a carbonyl group examples include, for example, an oxo saturated aliphatic group (oxo aliphatic group) such as 3-oxopentyl and the like.
- Examples of the organic group containing a cyano group include cyano-saturated aliphatic groups (cyanoaliphatic groups) such as 6-cyanohexyl and the like.
- nitro group-containing organic group examples include, for example, a nitro-saturated aliphatic group (nitroaliphatic group) such as 6-nitrohexyl and the like.
- aldehyde group-containing organic group examples include, for example, aldehyde saturated aliphatic groups (aldehyde aliphatic groups) such as 6-aldehyde hexyl and the like.
- organic group containing a thiol group examples include, for example, thiol saturated aliphatic groups (thiolaliphatic groups) such as 6-thiolhexyl.
- organic compound containing a hydrophilic group for example, a carboxyl group-containing organic compound, a hydroxyl group-containing organic compound, a phosphoric acid group-containing organic compound, an amino group-containing organic compound, a sulfo group-containing organic compound, a carbonyl group-containing organic compound
- examples thereof include organic compounds, cyano group-containing organic compounds, nitro group-containing organic compounds, aldehyde group-containing organic compounds, and thiol group-containing organic compounds.
- dicarboxylic acids and the like can be mentioned, and as such dicarboxylic acids, for example, propane diacid (malonic acid), Aliphatic such as saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as butanedioic acid (succinic acid), hexanedioic acid (adipic acid), octanedioic acid, decanedioic acid (sebacic acid) and unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as itaconic acid Dicarboxylic acids, for example, alicyclic dicarboxylic acids such as cyclohexyldicarboxylic acid, for example, araliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as 6-carboxyphenylhexanoic acid, for example, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, terephthalic acid and is
- hydroxyl group-containing organic compound specifically, when the bonding group is a carboxyl group and the hydrophilic group is a hydroxyl group (when the inorganic particles are, for example, cerium oxide, strontium carbonate or barium sulfate),
- monohydroxycarboxylic acid can be mentioned, and as such monohydroxycarboxylic acid, specifically, 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, 6- (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexanoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and the like.
- the phosphate group-containing organic compound when the bonding group is a carboxyl group and the hydrophilic group is a phosphate group (when the inorganic particles are, for example, cerium oxide, strontium carbonate or barium sulfate), for example, Monophosphonocarboxylic acid can be mentioned, and specifically, 6-phosphonohexanoic acid, 6-phosphonophenylhexanoic acid and the like can be mentioned, and the above-mentioned carboxyl group-containing phosphoric acid ester can also be mentioned.
- amino group-containing organic compound specifically, when the bonding group is a carboxyl group and the hydrophilic group is an amino group (when the inorganic particle is, for example, cerium oxide, strontium carbonate or barium sulfate),
- monoaminocarboxylic acid can be mentioned, and specifically, 6-aminohexanoic acid, 6-aminophenylhexanoic acid and the like can be mentioned.
- the sulfo group-containing organic compound specifically, when the bonding group is a carboxyl group and the hydrophilic group is a sulfo group (when the inorganic particle is, for example, cerium oxide, strontium carbonate or barium sulfate),
- monosulfocarboxylic acid can be mentioned, and specifically, 6-sulfohexanoic acid, 6-sulfophenylhexanoic acid and the like can be mentioned.
- the carbonyl group-containing organic compound specifically, when the bonding group is a carboxyl group and the hydrophilic group is a carbonyl group (when the inorganic particle is, for example, cerium oxide, strontium carbonate or barium sulfate),
- the inorganic particle is, for example, cerium oxide, strontium carbonate or barium sulfate
- monocarbonylcarboxylic acid can be mentioned, and specifically, 4-oxovaleric acid etc. can be mentioned.
- the cyano group-containing organic compound specifically, when the bonding group is a carboxyl group and the hydrophilic group is a cyano group (when the inorganic particle is, for example, cerium oxide, strontium carbonate or barium sulfate),
- monocyanocarboxylic acid can be mentioned, and specifically, 6-cyanohexanoic acid and the like can be mentioned.
- nitro group-containing organic compound specifically, when the bonding group is a carboxyl group and the hydrophilic group is a nitro group (when the inorganic particle is, for example, cerium oxide, strontium carbonate or barium sulfate),
- mononitrocarboxylic acid can be mentioned, and specifically, 6-nitrohexanoic acid and the like can be mentioned.
- aldehyde group-containing organic compound specifically, when the bonding group is a carboxyl group and the hydrophilic group is an aldehyde group (when the inorganic particle is, for example, cerium oxide, strontium carbonate or barium sulfate)
- the bonding group is a carboxyl group
- the hydrophilic group is an aldehyde group (when the inorganic particle is, for example, cerium oxide, strontium carbonate or barium sulfate)
- monoaldehyde carboxylic acid can be mentioned, and specifically, 6-aldehyde hexanoic acid can be mentioned.
- the thiol group-containing organic compound specifically, when the bonding group is a carboxyl group and the hydrophilic group is a thiol group (when the inorganic particle is, for example, cerium oxide, strontium carbonate or barium sulfate),
- monothiolcarboxylic acid can be mentioned, and specifically, 6-thiolhexanoic acid and the like can be mentioned.
- organic groups described above may be identical to or different from one another.
- the organic groups are different, that is, when the organic group contains a plurality of organic groups of different types, it contains a plurality of homologous organic groups and / or a plurality of organic groups of different groups.
- Examples of the organic group of the same group include a combination of a plurality of aliphatic groups, a combination of a plurality of alicyclic groups, a combination of a plurality of araliphatic groups, and a combination of a plurality of aromatic groups.
- a combination of a plurality of carboxy aliphatic groups, a combination of a plurality of carboxy alicyclic groups, a combination of a plurality of carboxy araliphatic groups, a plurality of carboxy aromatic groups Combination, combination of plural hydroxy aliphatic groups, combination of plural hydroxy araliphatic groups, combination of plural hydroxy aromatic groups, a combination of plural phosphono aliphatic groups, plural phosphono araliphatic groups
- a combination of a plurality of amino aliphatic groups, a combination of a plurality of amino aromatic aliphatic groups, a combination of a plurality of sulfo aliphatic groups, a combination of a plurality of sulfo araliphatics, a plurality of oxo aliphatics A combination of groups, a combination of a plurality of cyanoaliphatic groups, a combination of a plurality of nitroalipha
- the organic group of the same group is preferably a combination of a plurality of aliphatic groups, more preferably a combination of a plurality of saturated aliphatic groups, and particularly preferably a saturated aliphatic group having less than 10 carbon atoms
- a combination of a group and a saturated aliphatic group having 10 or more carbon atoms can be mentioned, and specifically, a combination of hexyl and decyl can be mentioned.
- the organic group contains a plurality of homologous organic groups
- the organic group contains a plurality of organic groups different in size (length or / and size, that is, carbon number). Therefore, resin molecules enter into voids (pockets) formed corresponding to the small-sized organic groups between the adjacent large-sized organic groups, and the interaction between the large-sized organic groups and the resin molecules is It can be improved. As a result, the dispersibility of the organic-inorganic composite particles can be improved.
- organic groups of different groups include aliphatic groups, alicyclic groups, araliphatic groups, aromatic groups, carboxy aliphatic groups, carboxy alicyclic groups, carboxy araliphatic groups, carboxy aromatic groups, Hydroxy aliphatic group, hydroxy araliphatic group, hydroxy aromatic group, phosphono aliphatic group, phosphono araliphatic group, amino aliphatic group, amino araliphatic group, sulfo aliphatic group, sulfo araliphatic group, oxo
- a combination of at least two different groups selected from the group consisting of aliphatic groups, cyanoaliphatic groups, nitroaliphatic groups, aldehyde aliphatic groups, thiol aliphatic groups is included.
- the organic groups of different groups preferably include a combination of an araliphatic group and an aromatic group, and more preferably a combination of an araliphatic group having 7 to 15 carbon atoms and an aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms In particular, a combination of phenylhexyl and phenyl is mentioned.
- organic groups of different groups preferably include a combination of aliphatic groups and hydroxy aliphatic groups, more preferably a combination of saturated aliphatic groups and hydroxy saturated aliphatic groups, and particularly preferably A combination of a C10 or more saturated aliphatic group and a C10 or less hydroxy saturated aliphatic group can be mentioned, and specifically, a combination of decyl and 6-hydroxyhexyl can be mentioned.
- the organic group contains organic groups of a plurality of different groups
- the organic groups when the resin is prepared as a mixture of a plurality of resin components, the organic groups have excellent compatibility with the organic groups of the respective groups. Excellent compatibility can be expressed with respect to the resin molecule. Therefore, the interaction between the organic group and the resin molecule of the resin component can be improved. As a result, the dispersibility of the organic-inorganic composite particles can be improved.
- the organic group described above is present on the surface of the inorganic particles in the organic-inorganic composite particles. Specifically, the organic group is bonded to the surface of the inorganic particle via a bonding group. In addition, the organic group extends from the surface of the inorganic particle to the outside of the inorganic particle via the bonding group.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles described above are produced by subjecting an inorganic substance and an organic compound to a reaction treatment, preferably a high temperature treatment.
- the high temperature treatment is carried out in a solvent.
- the solvent include water, such as the organic compounds described above.
- organic-inorganic composite particles are obtained. That is, the surface of the inorganic particles formed of an inorganic substance is surface-treated with an organic compound to obtain organic-inorganic composite particles.
- hydrothermal synthesis for example, the above-mentioned inorganic substance and an organic compound are reacted in the presence of water under high temperature and pressure (first hydrothermal synthesis).
- the inorganic substance to be subjected to the first hydrothermal synthesis preferably includes carbonates and sulfates.
- an inorganic substance, an organic compound and water are introduced into a pressure-resistant closed vessel, and the reaction system is prepared under high temperature and high pressure by heating them.
- the compounding ratio of each component is, for example, 1 to 1500 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 500 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 250 parts by mass of the organic compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic substance.
- the compounding ratio of the organic compound is, for example, 1 to 1500 mL, preferably 5 to 500 mL, per 100 g of the inorganic substance. More preferably, it is 5 to 250 mL.
- the molar number of the organic compound is, for example, 0.01 to 1000 moles, preferably 0.02 to 50 moles, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 moles per mole of the inorganic substance. You can also
- the organic compound contains a plurality of (for example, two) organic groups of different types, specifically, the molar ratio of the organic compound containing one organic group to the organic compound containing the other organic group Is, for example, 10:90 to 99.9: 0.1, preferably 20:80 to 99: 1.
- the density of water is usually about 1 g / mL
- the mixing ratio of water is, for example, 50 to 8000 mL, preferably 80 to 6600 mL, more preferably 100 to 4500 mL, per 100 g of the inorganic substance. is there.
- the reaction conditions in the hydrothermal reaction are, for example, a heating temperature of 100 to 500 ° C., preferably 200 to 400 ° C.
- the pressure is, for example, 0.2 to 50 MPa, preferably 1 to 50 MPa, and more preferably 10 to 50 MPa.
- the reaction time is, for example, 1 to 200 minutes, preferably 3 to 150 minutes.
- the reaction time in the case of using a continuous reaction apparatus can be one minute or less.
- the obtained reactant mainly contains a precipitate which precipitates in water and a deposit which adheres to the inner wall of the closed vessel.
- the precipitate is obtained, for example, by sedimentation, which causes the reaction to settle by gravity or centrifugal field.
- it is obtained as a precipitate of the reaction product by centrifugal sedimentation (centrifugation) by sedimentation by a centrifugal field.
- the deposit is recovered by, for example, spatula or the like.
- the reaction product can also be recovered (separated) by adding a solvent and washing the unreacted organic compound (that is, dissolving the organic compound in the solvent), and thereafter removing the solvent.
- the solvent examples include alcohols (hydroxyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons) such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and isopropanol; ketones (carbonyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons) such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone and cyclopentanone;
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane and heptane
- halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and trichloroethane
- halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene such as tetrahydrofuran Ethers
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene
- pH-adjusting aqueous solutions such as aqueous ammonia, and the like
- alcohol is mentioned.
- reaction product is separated from the solvent (supernatant) and recovered, for example, by filtration, decantation and the like. Thereafter, if necessary, the reaction is dried, for example, by heating or air flow.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles having an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particles are obtained.
- the inorganic substance before the reaction is the same as the inorganic substance forming the inorganic particles after the reaction.
- organic-inorganic composite particles containing inorganic particles formed of an inorganic substance different from the inorganic substance which is a preparation raw material can also be obtained by subjecting the inorganic matter (preparation raw material) and the organic compound to hydrothermal synthesis Heat synthesis).
- Examples of the inorganic substance to be subjected to the second hydrothermal synthesis include hydroxides, metal complexes, nitrates and sulfates.
- a hydroxide and a metal complex are mentioned.
- the elements contained in the hydroxide - The (hydroxyl ion (OH. Elements constituting the cation combines with)), the same elements combine with oxygen in the oxide include the above-mentioned.
- hydroxide examples include titanium hydroxide (Ti (OH) 4 ) and cerium hydroxide (Ce (OH) 4 ).
- the metal element contained in the metal complex is a metal element constituting the complex oxide with the metal contained in the above-mentioned hydroxide, and examples thereof include titanium, iron, tin, zirconium and the like. Preferably, titanium is mentioned.
- metal complex ligand examples include monohydroxycarboxylic acids such as 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid.
- metal complexes examples include 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid titanate.
- a metal complex can be obtained by preparing from the above-mentioned metal element and ligand.
- organic compound the thing similar to the organic compound used for above-mentioned 1st hydrothermal synthesis is mentioned, for example.
- the inorganic substance and the organic compound are reacted in the presence of water under high temperature and high pressure.
- the compounding ratio of each component is, for example, 1 to 1500 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 500 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 250 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic compound.
- it is 50 to 8000 parts by mass, preferably 80 to 6600 parts by mass, and more preferably 80 to 4500 parts by mass.
- the blending ratio of the organic compound is, for example, 0.9 to 1880 mL, preferably 4.5 to 630 mL, more preferably 4.5 to 320 mL, per 100 g of the hydroxide, and the blending of the organic compound
- the number of moles can also be set to, for example, 0.01 to 10000 moles, preferably 0.1 to 10 moles, per 1 mole of hydroxide.
- the proportion of water is, for example, 50 to 8000 mL, preferably 80 to 6600 mL, and more preferably 5 to 4500 mL, per 100 g of hydroxide.
- reaction conditions in the second hydrothermal synthesis are the same as the reaction conditions in the first hydrothermal synthesis described above.
- organic-inorganic composite particles having an organic group on the surface of inorganic particles formed of an inorganic material different from the charged inorganic material are obtained.
- each component may further contain a carbonic acid source or a hydrogen source.
- Sources of carbonic acid include, for example, carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide gas) such as formic acid and / or urea.
- hydrogen source examples include hydrogen (hydrogen gas), for example, acids such as formic acid and lactic acid, and hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane.
- the blending ratio of the carbonic acid source or the hydrogen source is, for example, 5 to 140 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 70 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic substance.
- the blending ratio of the carbonic acid source can be, for example, 5 to 100 mL, preferably 10 to 50 mL, per 100 g of the inorganic substance.
- the molar number of carbonic acid source is, for example, 0.4 to 100 moles, preferably 1.01 to 10.0 moles, and more preferably 1.05 to 1.30 moles per mole of the inorganic substance. It can also be set to
- the blending ratio of the hydrogen source can be, for example, 5 to 100 mL, preferably 10 to 50 mL, per 100 g of the inorganic substance.
- the blending mole number of the hydrogen source is, for example, 0.4 to 100 moles, preferably 1.01 to 10.0 moles, and more preferably 1.05 to 2.0 moles relative to 1 mole of the inorganic substance. It can also be set to
- an inorganic substance and an organic compound are blended, and they are heated, for example, under normal pressure.
- an organic compound is provided to high temperature processing, serving as the organic group introduction
- the blending ratio of the organic compound is, for example, 10 to 10000 parts by mass, preferably 100 to 1000 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic substance. Further, the mixing ratio of the organic compound on a volume basis is, for example, 10 to 10000 mL, preferably 100 to 1000 mL, per 100 g of the inorganic substance.
- the heating temperature is, for example, a temperature exceeding 100 ° C., preferably 125 ° C. or more, more preferably 150 ° C. or more, and usually, for example, 300 ° C. or less, preferably 275 ° C. or less.
- the heating time is, for example, 1 to 60 minutes, preferably 3 to 30 minutes.
- the shape of the organic-inorganic composite particles (primary particles) obtained in this manner is not particularly limited, and may have, for example, anisotropy or isotropy, and the average particle diameter (having anisotropy)
- the maximum length is, for example, 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 nm to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 nm to 50 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 3 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the organic-inorganic composite particles will be described in detail in the following examples, but it is measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and / or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Calculated by image analysis of
- the ratio of the volume of the organic group to the surface of the organic-inorganic composite particles may be high, which may make it difficult to obtain the function of the inorganic particles.
- the resin when the average particle diameter exceeds the above-mentioned range, the resin may be crushed when it is mixed with the resin.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles obtained in this manner are less likely to aggregate in the dry state, and even if they apparently aggregate in the dry state, aggregation occurs in the particle dispersion resin composition and the particle dispersion resin molding ( Formation of secondary particles is prevented and dispersed almost uniformly as primary particles in the resin.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles have at least a shape in which the inorganic particles do not contact each other due to the steric hindrance of the organic group.
- the shape of the inorganic particles is confirmed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the average particle diameter is calculated, and the specific surface area of the particles is calculated from the shape of the inorganic particles and the average particle diameter. calculate. Further, the ratio of the organic group to the organic-inorganic composite particles is calculated from the weight change when the organic-inorganic composite particles are heated to 800 ° C. by differential thermal balance (TG-DTA). Thereafter, the amount of the organic group occupied in one particle is calculated from the molecular weight of the organic group, the density of the particle, and the average volume. Then, the surface coverage is determined from them.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- TG-DTA differential thermal balance
- the type of solvent (medium) in which the organic-inorganic composite particles are dispersed Can be controlled (designed or managed) by the type of organic group.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles obtained as described above can also be wet-classified.
- a solvent is added to the organic-inorganic composite particles, they are stirred and then allowed to stand, and then separated into a supernatant and a precipitate.
- the solvent depends on the type of organic group, and includes, for example, the same as described above, and preferably, a hydroxyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon, a carbonyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, and a halogenation Aliphatic hydrocarbons, pH-adjusted aqueous solutions may be mentioned.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles having a small average particle size can be obtained by collecting the top-end product.
- the average particle diameter of the organic-inorganic composite particles (primary particles) obtained can be adjusted to, for example, 1 nm to 450 nm, preferably 3 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably 3 nm to 100 nm by wet classification.
- the resin and the organic-inorganic composite particles can be selected so that their solubility parameter (SP value) satisfies a predetermined relationship.
- the difference between the resin and the organic-inorganic composite particles is the difference between the predetermined SP value difference ( ⁇ SP, specifically, the resin solubility parameter (SP resin value) and the organic-inorganic composite particle solubility parameter (SP particle value). Is selected to be a value).
- hydrophilic group which both a functional group and an organic group have Preferably, a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group are mentioned, As a hydrophilic group which a functional group and an organic group have together, Preferably, a hydrocarbon group etc. are mentioned. .
- the affinity between the organic-inorganic composite particles and the resin can be improved by having the above-described group in which both the functional group and the organic group exhibit the same property (hydrophilic or hydrophobic).
- a particle-dispersed resin composition for example, a solvent, organic-inorganic composite particles, and a resin are blended, and they are stirred (solution preparation).
- the particle dispersion resin composition prepared in this way be a varnish (solution) containing a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the solvents used in the above-mentioned washing, and further, in addition to them, for example, alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, for example, esters such as ethyl acetate
- polyols such as ethylene glycol and glycerin, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, nitrogen-containing compounds such as pyridine, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide, isostearyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isoboronyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methacrylate, acrylic acid, Tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, acroyl morpho Acrylic monomers such emissions, for example, styrene, a vinyl group
- solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and pH-adjusted aqueous solutions can be mentioned.
- the particle-dispersed resin composition first, the above-described solvent and resin are mixed, and the resin is dissolved in the solvent to prepare a resin solution. Thereafter, the resin solution and the organic-inorganic composite particles are mixed, and they are stirred to prepare a particle-dispersed resin composition (first preparation method).
- the compounding ratio of the resin is, for example, 40 parts by mass or less, preferably 35 parts by mass or less, more preferably 30 parts by mass or less, and usually 1 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin solution.
- the solubility of the resin may be reduced.
- the compounding ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is, for example, 1 to 1000 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 500 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 to 300 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of solid content (resin) of the resin solution. It is.
- the proportion of the organic-inorganic composite particles is, for example, 0.1 to 300 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 200 parts by mass, and more preferably 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the resin solution (total of resin and solvent). Is also 3 to 100 parts by mass.
- a particle dispersion resin composition can also be prepared (second preparation method).
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are dispersed as primary particles in a solvent.
- the blending ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is, for example, 0.1 to 70 parts by mass, preferably 0.2 to 60 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the particle dispersion. It is a department.
- the compounding ratio of the resin is, for example, 10 to 10000 parts by mass, preferably 20 to 2000 parts by mass, more preferably 40 to 1000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of solid content (organic-inorganic composite particles) of the particle dispersion. It is a department.
- the particle-dispersed resin composition can also be prepared by blending a solvent, organic-inorganic composite particles, and resin at one time and stirring them (third preparation method).
- the blending ratio of each component is, for example, 0.1 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass, and more preferably, of the organic-inorganic composite particles with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the particle dispersion resin composition.
- the amount is 3 to 30 parts by mass
- the resin is 40 parts by mass or less, preferably 35 parts by mass or less, more preferably 30 parts by mass or less, and usually 1 part by mass or more.
- the blending ratio of the solvent is the remainder of the particle dispersion resin composition excluding the organic-inorganic composite particles and the resin.
- the resin solution and the particle dispersion liquid may be respectively prepared, and then the resin solution and the particle dispersion liquid may be blended and stirred (the fourth method).
- the blend ratio of the resin in the resin solution is the same as the blend ratio exemplified in the first preparation method described above.
- the compounding ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles in the particle dispersion is the same as the compounding ratio exemplified in the second preparation method described above.
- the compounding ratio of the resin solution and the particle dispersion liquid to the resin and the organic-inorganic composite particles is, for example, 99: 1 to 10:90, preferably 95: 5 to 20:80, more preferably, on a mass basis. Mix so as to be 90:10 to 30:70.
- the resin in order to prepare the particle-dispersed resin composition, for example, the resin can be melted by heating and blended with the organic-inorganic composite particles without blending a solvent (fifth preparation method).
- the particulate dispersion resin composition thus prepared is a melt of the particulate dispersion resin composition which does not contain a solvent.
- the heating temperature is the same as or higher than the melting temperature, and specifically, 200 to 350 ° C.
- the temperature at which the resin is in the B-stage state is, for example, 85 to 140 ° C.
- the compounding ratio of the resin and the organic-inorganic composite particles is, for example, 99: 1 to 10:90, preferably 95: 5 to 20:80, and more preferably 90:10 to 30:70 on a mass basis.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are uniformly dispersed in the resin. Specifically, in the particle dispersed resin composition, the organic-inorganic composite particles are dispersed in the resin as primary particles (substantially without aggregation).
- the obtained particle-dispersed resin composition is, for example, coated on a known support plate to prepare a coated film, and the coated film is dried to form the particle-dispersed resin molded product as a film.
- a known application method such as a spin coater method or a bar coater method is used.
- a solvent is removed by volatilization simultaneously with application
- the thickness of the obtained film is appropriately set according to the application and purpose, and is, for example, 0.1 to 2000 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5 to 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1.0 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the particle-dispersed resin molded product can also be formed as a film by a melt-forming method in which the above-described particle-dispersed resin composition is extrusion-formed by an extrusion molding machine or the like.
- the particle-dispersed resin composition may be injected into a mold or the like, and then the particle-dispersed resin molded product may be formed as a block (lump) by, for example, thermoforming such as hot pressing.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are dispersed in the resin as primary particles.
- the organic / inorganic resin composite is a simple method of blending the resin and the organic / inorganic composite particles so as to be dispersed as primary particles in the resin by steric hindrance of organic group.
- Composite particles can be easily and uniformly dispersed in a resin. That is, the organic-inorganic composite particles can be dispersed as primary particles in the resin by such a very simple operation. Further, regardless of the type of the inorganic particles, the organic-inorganic composite particles can be dispersed as primary particles in the resin by the above-described simple operation.
- the particle-dispersed resin composition and the particle-dispersed resin molded product obtained by the above method have excellent transparency since the organic-inorganic composite particles are uniformly dispersed in the resin, and therefore various industries including optical applications. It can be suitably used for applications.
- Third Embodiment Embodiment corresponding to invention of catalyst particles, catalyst liquid, catalyst composition and catalyst molded body according to the third invention group The catalyst particles of the present invention are bonded to the surface of the inorganic particles and the inorganic particles having a catalytic action. Containing organic groups.
- the inorganic particles preferably have a photocatalytic action that catalyzes a gas and / or a liquid (described later) by absorption of light.
- Such catalyst particles can be obtained, for example, by surface treatment of an inorganic substance and / or a complex thereof with an organic compound.
- Examples of the inorganic substance include metals consisting of metal elements such as typical elements and transition elements, non-metals consisting of non-metal elements such as boron and silicon, and inorganic compounds containing metal elements and / or non-metals.
- metal element or nonmetal element for example, boron (B) of group IIIB in the long period periodic table (IUPAC, 1989) -silicon (Si) of group IVB-arsenic (As) of group VB, and With elements of tellurium (Te) of group VIB and astatine (At) of group VIIB, these elements and elements on the left and lower sides in the long-period periodic table can be mentioned, for example, the second The same elements as the elements exemplified in the embodiment can be mentioned.
- Examples of the inorganic compound include hydrogen compounds, hydroxides, nitrides, halides, oxides, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates, acetates, formates, sulfides, carbides, and phosphorus compounds.
- the inorganic compound may be a complex compound, and examples thereof include oxynitride and complex oxide.
- inorganic compounds are mentioned, and more preferably, for example, oxides, sulfates, nitrates, acetates, formates, complex oxides, particularly preferably oxides are mentioned.
- the oxide examples include metal oxides, preferably titanium oxide (titanium dioxide, titanium (IV) oxide, titania: TiO 2 ), tungsten oxide (tungsten trioxide, tungsten (VI) oxide, WO 3 ), Cerium oxide (cerium dioxide, cerium (IV) oxide, ceria: CeO 2 ), zirconium oxide (zirconium dioxide, zirconium (IV) oxide, zirconia: ZrO 2 ), tantalum oxide (tantalum dioxide, tantalum oxide (IV), TaO 2 And the like.
- the arrangement state of atoms in the oxide is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, either crystalline or non-crystalline (amorphous).
- the oxides can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a sulfate is a compound of a sulfate ion (SO 4 2- ) and a cation of a metal element (more specifically, a compound in which a hydrogen atom of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is substituted with a metal),
- a metal element more specifically, a compound in which a hydrogen atom of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is substituted with a metal
- the metal element contained in the salt include a Group IVA element and an IB element, preferably Ti and Cu.
- the sulfate include titanium sulfate, zirconium sulfate, hafnium sulfate, copper sulfate, silver sulfate and the like, and more preferably titanium sulfate and copper sulfate.
- the sulfates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a nitrate is a compound of nitrate ion (NO 3 ⁇ ) and a cation of a metal element (more specifically, a compound in which a hydrogen atom of nitric acid (HNO 3 ) is replaced with a metal), and the metal contained in the nitrate
- a group VIII element is mentioned, for example, Preferably, Pd and Pt are mentioned.
- nitrate examples include iron nitrate, cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, ruthenium nitrate, rhodium nitrate, palladium nitrate, osmium nitrate, iridium nitrate and the like, and more preferably palladium sulfate and platinum sulfate It can be mentioned.
- the nitrate can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- An acetate is a compound of an acetate ion (CH 3 COO ⁇ ) and a cation of a metal element (more specifically, a compound in which a hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group (—COOH) in acetic acid is replaced with a metal),
- a metal element more specifically, a compound in which a hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group (—COOH) in acetic acid is replaced with a metal
- the metal element contained in the acetate include Group VIII elements, preferably Ni.
- the acetate preferably includes nickel acetate.
- the acetate can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a formate is a compound of formate ion (HCOO ⁇ ) and a cation of a metal element (more specifically, a compound in which a hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group (—COOH) in formic acid is replaced with a metal),
- a metal element contained in, for example, a Group IB element, preferably, Cu can be mentioned.
- the formate preferably includes copper formate.
- the formates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the complex oxide is a compound of oxygen and a plurality of elements, and as the plurality of elements, at least at least one element selected from elements other than oxygen in the above-mentioned oxides, a group I element and a group II element A combination of two or more may be mentioned.
- Examples of the element I include alkali metals such as Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs. Moreover, as a group II element, the alkaline-earth metal similar to the alkaline-earth metal illustrated by 2nd Embodiment is mentioned, for example.
- combinations of a plurality of elements include a combination of a group II element and a group IVB element, a combination of a group II element and a group VIII element, a combination of a group II element and a group IVA element, a group II element and Combinations comprising at least a Group II element, such as a combination with a Group VA element, eg, a combination of a Group I element and a Group IVA element, a combination of a Group I element, a Group IVA element and a lanthanide series element, a Group I A combination containing at least a Group I element such as a combination of an element and a Group VA element, for example, a combination of a Group VA element and a Group IIB element, etc. may be mentioned.
- composite oxide containing at least a group II element for example, alkaline earth metal titanate, alkaline earth metal zirconate, alkaline earth metal ferrate, alkaline earth metal stannate, alkali niobate Earth metal salts and the like.
- Examples of the composite oxide containing at least a Group I element include alkali metal titanate, alkali metal zirconate, alkali metal vanadate, alkali metal niobate and the like.
- Examples of the composite oxide containing a VA group element and a IIB group element include metal niobate and the like.
- Preferred examples of the complex oxide include alkaline earth metal titanate, alkali metal titanate, alkaline earth metal niobate, alkali metal niobate and metal niobate.
- the alkaline earth metal titanate for example, titanate beryllium (BeTiO 3), magnesium titanate (MgTiO 3), calcium titanate (CaTiO 3), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3), barium titanate (BaTiO 3 And barium tetratitanate (BaTi 4 O 9 ) and radium titanate (RaTiO 3 ).
- alkali metal titanate examples include sodium hexatitanate (Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 ), potassium lanthanum titanate (K 2 La 2 Ti 3 O 10 ), and the like.
- strontium dithioniobate Sr 2 Nb 2 O 7
- strontium dithioniobate Sr 2 Nb 2 O 7
- potassium hexaniobate K 4 Nb 6 O 17
- the like can be mentioned.
- zinc dithioniobate ZnNb 2 O 6
- ZnNb 2 O 6 zinc dithioniobate
- the composite oxides can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the complex contains a central atom and / or a central ion and a ligand coordinated to it.
- the same metal elements as the above-mentioned metal elements can be mentioned, preferably a group IVA element, a group VIII element, a group IVB element, more preferably Ti, Zr, Fe, Ni, Ru, Sn, etc. It can be mentioned.
- the central ion includes cations of the above-described metal elements.
- Examples of the ligand include coordination compounds such as carboxylic acid, hydroxycarboxylic acid and acetylacetone, for example, cations of the above-mentioned coordination compounds and coordination ions such as hydroxide ion.
- carboxylic acids examples include dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, succinic acid and phthalic acid.
- hydroxycarboxylic acids examples include monohydroxy monocarboxylic acids such as 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid, lactic acid and glycolic acid (specifically, ⁇ -monohydroxy carboxylic acids), monohydroxy dicarboxylic acids such as malic acid, For example, monohydroxytricarboxylic acid such as citric acid and the like can be mentioned.
- the coordination number is, for example, 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3.
- Complexes can be obtained by preparation from the metal elements and ligands described above.
- the above-mentioned inorganic substances can also be formed (prepared) as salts and / or hydrates.
- Salts include salts with cations such as ammonium ions.
- the above-mentioned inorganic substance and complex can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- such combination includes, for example, a combination of a plurality of inorganic substances (first combination), for example, a combination of an inorganic substance and a complex (second combination) Be
- the first combination includes, for example, a combination of a plurality of types of inorganic substances, and specifically, for example, selected from the group consisting of oxides (first inorganic substances), metals, sulfates, nitrates and formates. In combination with at least one inorganic substance (second inorganic substance).
- the first combination includes, for example, a combination of metal oxide and metal (element VIII), a combination of metal oxide and sulfate, and a combination of metal oxide and formate.
- the first combination includes, for example, a combination of tungsten oxide and palladium, a combination of tungsten oxide and platinum, a combination of tungsten oxide and copper sulfate, and a combination of tungsten oxide and copper formate.
- a combination of a complex in which the ligand is a hydroxycarboxylic acid and a metal for example, a combination of a complex in which the ligand is a hydroxycarboxylic acid, a hydroxide, and an acetate
- a combination of a complex in which the ligand is hydroxycarboxylic acid, a hydroxide, and a complex in which the ligand is acetylacetone is mentioned.
- a combination of a titanium complex in which the central atom is titanium and the ligand is 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid and platinum for example, the central atom is titanium and the ligand
- a combination of a titanium complex in which is 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid, strontium hydroxide and nickel acetate for example, a titanium complex whose central atom is titanium and whose ligand is 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid, strontium hydroxide
- a ruthenium complex in which the central atom is ruthenium and the ligand is acetylacetone for example, a combination of a titanium complex in which the central atom is titanium and the ligand is 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid and platinum, for example, the central atom is titanium and the ligand
- a titanium complex in which is 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid, strontium hydroxide and nickel acetate for example, a titanium complex whose central atom is titanium and whose ligand is 2-hydroxy
- the organic compound is, for example, an organic group-introduced compound that introduces (arranges) an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particle, and specifically includes a bonding group capable of bonding to the surface of the inorganic particle, and an organic group It is. That is, the organic group is bonded to the surface of the inorganic particle through the bonding group.
- the bonding group is appropriately selected according to the type of the inorganic particles, and for example, a phosphoric acid group (-PO (OH) 2 , phosphono group), a phosphoric acid ester group (phosphonic acid ester group), a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid ester Group (carboxy ester group), amino group, sulfo group, hydroxyl group, thiol group, epoxy group, isocyanate group, nitro group, azo group, silyloxy group, imino group, aldehyde group (acyl group), nitrile group, vinyl group ( And functional groups such as polymerizable groups).
- a phosphoric acid group (-PO (OH) 2 , phosphono group
- a phosphoric acid ester group phosphonic acid ester group
- carboxyl group a carboxylic acid ester Group (carboxy ester group)
- amino group sulfo group
- hydroxyl group hydroxyl group
- a phosphoric acid group, a phosphoric acid ester group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a sulfo group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an epoxy group, an azo group, a vinyl group etc. are mentioned, More preferably, a phosphoric acid group, phosphoric acid An ester group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group is mentioned.
- the phosphoric ester group is, for example, an alkyl ester group of phosphoric acid (specifically, orthophosphoric acid), that is, alkoxyphosphonyl, and is represented by the following formula (1).
- R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 1 or 2).
- the alkyl group represented by R is preferably methyl or ethyl.
- N is preferably 2.
- Examples of the phosphoric acid ester group for example, phosphoric acid dimethyl ester (dimethoxy phosphonyl: -PO (OCH 3) 2) , phosphoric acid diethyl ester (diethoxy phosphonyl: -PO (OC 2 H 5) 2), phosphoric acid dipropyl ester phosphoric acid dialkyl ester such as (dipropoxy phosphonyl -PO (OC 3 H 7) 2 ), for example, phosphoric acid monomethyl ester (monomethoxy phosphonyl: -PO (OCH 3) H, monoethyl phosphate Phosphoric acid monoalkyl esters such as ester (monoethoxyphosphonyl: -PO (O 2 CH 5 ) H), phosphoric monopropyl ester (monopropoxyphosphonyl: -PO (O 3 CH 7 ) H) and the like
- a phosphoric acid dialkyl ester is mentioned.
- the bonding group is appropriately selected according to the above-described inorganic particles, and specifically, when the inorganic particles contain titanium oxide, for example, a phosphoric acid group and / or a phosphoric acid ester group is selected, and the inorganic group is inorganic When the particles contain tungstic acid (described later), for example, an amino group is selected, and when the inorganic particles contain strontium titanate, for example, a carboxylic acid, a phosphate group and / or a phosphorus An acid ester group is selected.
- These bonding groups are contained one or more in the organic compound. Specifically, the linking group is linked to the terminal or side chain of the organic group.
- the organic group includes, for example, a hydrocarbon group such as an aliphatic group, an alicyclic group, an araliphatic group, and an aromatic group.
- a hydrocarbon group the hydrocarbon group similar to the hydrocarbon group illustrated by 2nd embodiment is mentioned.
- the organic group described above is a hydrophobic group for imparting hydrophobicity to the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the organic compound containing the above-mentioned hydrophobic group is provided as a hydrophobized organic compound for subjecting the inorganic particles to a hydrophobic treatment.
- the linking group is a phosphate group
- a saturated aliphatic group-containing compound such as methylphosphonic acid, hexylphosphonic acid, octylphosphonic acid, decylphosphonic acid and the like
- aliphatic group-containing phosphonic acids such as phosphonic acid (saturated phosphonic acid).
- hydrophobized organic compound for example, alicyclic group-containing phosphonic acid (alicyclic phosphonic acid) such as cyclohexyl phosphonic acid, for example, araliphatic group-containing phosphonic acid (aromatic compound such as 6-phenylhexyl phosphonic acid) Aliphatic phosphonic acids), for example, aromatic group-containing phosphonic acids (aromatic phosphonic acids) such as phenyl phosphonic acid and toluene phosphonic acid.
- alicyclic group-containing phosphonic acid such as cyclohexyl phosphonic acid
- araliphatic group-containing phosphonic acid aromatic compound such as 6-phenylhexyl phosphonic acid
- Aliphatic phosphonic acids for example, aromatic group-containing phosphonic acids (aromatic phosphonic acids) such as phenyl phosphonic acid and toluene phosphonic acid.
- the bonding group is a phosphate group
- saturated aliphatic such as hexyl phosphonic acid diethyl ester, octyl phosphonic acid diethyl ester, decyl phosphonic acid diethyl ester, etc.
- Aliphatic group-containing phosphonic acid esters such as group-containing phosphonic acid esters (saturated phosphonic acid dialkyl esters) and the like can be mentioned.
- an aromatic group-containing phosphonic acid alkyl ester such as cyclohexane phosphonic acid diethyl ester
- an aroma such as 6-phenylhexyl phosphonic acid diethyl ester
- Aliphatic group-containing phosphonic acid ester aromatic aliphatic phosphonic acid dialkyl ester
- aromatic group-containing phosphonic acid alkyl ester aromatic phosphonic acid dialkyl ester
- the bonding group is a carboxyl group
- aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acids fatty acids
- fatty acids such as hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid and the like
- 6- Aromatic aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acids such as phenylhexanoic acid and the like can be mentioned.
- hydrophobized organic compound when the bonding group is an amino group, specifically, aliphatic group-containing amines such as hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine and the like can be mentioned.
- the organic compound can also be provided as a hydrophilized organic compound for subjecting the inorganic particles to a hydrophilic treatment, in which case the organic group in the hydrophilized organic compound is the aforementioned hydrocarbon group and the hydrophilic group bound thereto. And.
- the hydrophilic group is bonded to the end of the above-mentioned hydrocarbon group (the end (other end) opposite to the end bonded to the bonding group (one end)) or a side chain.
- the hydrophilic group is a functional group having polarity (that is, a polar group) and is, for example, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphoric acid ester group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a sulfo group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group And aldehyde groups and thiol groups.
- a hydrophilic group Preferably, a phosphoric acid group, phosphoric acid ester group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, carboxylic acid ester group (carboxy ester group), an amino group, and a sulfo group are mentioned. More preferably, a phosphate group and a phosphate ester group can be mentioned.
- hydrophilic groups are contained in the hydrophilized organic compound.
- hydrophilized organic compound for example, combined use of an amino group and a sulfo group may be mentioned.
- organic group containing a phosphate group examples include phosphono saturated aliphatic groups (phosphonoaliphatic groups) such as 3-phosphonopropyl, 6-phosphonohexyl, 10-phosphonodecyl and the like, for example And phosphonoaromatic groups such as 6-phosphonophenylhexyl.
- phosphono saturated aliphatic groups such as 3-phosphonopropyl, 6-phosphonohexyl, 10-phosphonodecyl and the like, for example
- phosphonoaromatic groups such as 6-phosphonophenylhexyl.
- organic group containing a phosphate group examples include, for example, 3- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) propyl, 6- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) hexyl, 10- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) decyl and the like Alkoxyphosphonyl saturated aliphatic groups (alkoxyphosphonyl aliphatic groups), alkoxyphosphonyl hydrocarbon groups such as, for example, alkoxyphosphonyl araliphatic groups such as 6- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) phenylhexyl, etc. may be mentioned.
- organic group containing a hydroxyl group examples include, for example, a hydroxy aliphatic group such as 10-hydroxydecyl.
- Examples of the organic group containing a carboxyl group include, for example, 2-carboxyethyl, 3-carboxypropyl, 4-carboxybutyl, 5-carboxypentyl, 6-carboxyhexyl, 7-carboxyheptyl, 8- Examples thereof include carboxy saturated aliphatic groups (carboxy aliphatic groups) such as carboxyoctyl, 9-carboxynonyl, 10-carboxydecyl and the like.
- Examples of the organic group containing a carboxylic acid ester group include 2- (methoxy-carbonyl) ethyl, 3- (methoxy-carbonyl) propyl, 4- (methoxy-carbonyl) butyl, 5- (Methoxy-carbonyl) pentyl, 6- (methoxy-carbonyl) hexyl, 7- (methoxy-carbonyl) heptyl, 8- (methoxy-carbonyl) octyl, 9- (methoxy-carbonyl) nonyl, 10- (methoxy-carbonyl) Carboxyester aliphatic groups such as decyl are included.
- Examples of the organic group containing an amino group and a sulfo group include amino / sulfoaliphatic groups such as 2-amino-3-sulfopropyl.
- organic compound containing a hydrophilic group for example, a phosphoric acid group-containing organic compound, a phosphoric acid ester group-containing organic compound, a hydroxyl group-containing organic compound, a carboxyl ester group-containing organic compound, an amino group-containing organic compound
- examples thereof include sulfo group-containing organic compounds, carbonyl group-containing organic compounds, cyano group-containing organic compounds, nitro group-containing organic compounds, aldehyde group-containing organic compounds, and thiol group-containing organic compounds.
- a phosphoric acid group-containing organic compound a phosphoric acid ester group-containing organic compound, a hydroxyl group-containing organic compound, and a carboxyester group-containing organic compound can be mentioned.
- the bonding group is a phosphate group and the polar group is a carboxyl group (more specifically, when a phosphate group is bonded to an inorganic particle containing titanium oxide)
- monophosphonocarboxylic acid is mentioned, and specifically, 3-phosphonopropionic acid, 6-phosphonohexanoic acid, 10-phosphonodecanoic acid, 6-phosphonophenylhexanoic acid and the like can be mentioned.
- a coupling group is phosphate ester group and is polar group carboxyester group (more specifically, when phosphate ester group couple
- a coupling group is phosphate ester group and is polar group carboxyester group (more specifically, when phosphate ester group couple
- bonds with the inorganic particle containing a titanium oxide include, for example, 3- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) propionic acid ethyl ester, 6- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) hexanoic acid ethyl ester, 10- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) decanoic acid ethyl ester and the like.
- the above-mentioned phosphate ester group-containing organic compound is also a carboxy este
- phosphate ester group containing organic compound when the coupling group is a phosphate ester group and the polar group is a hydroxyl group (more specifically, a phosphate ester group is bonded to an inorganic particle containing titanium oxide) And the like), for example, phosphate ester group / hydroxyl group co-compounds such as 10- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) decanol and the like.
- the phosphate ester group / hydroxyl group co-existing compound is also a hydroxyl group-containing compound.
- organic groups described above may be identical to or different from one another.
- the organic groups are different, that is, when the organic group contains a plurality of organic groups of different types, it contains a plurality of homologous organic groups and / or a plurality of organic groups of different groups.
- Examples of the organic group of the same group include a combination of a plurality of aliphatic groups, a combination of a plurality of phosphonoaliphatic groups, a combination of a plurality of alkoxyphosphonyl aliphatic groups, a combination of a plurality of carboxy aliphatic groups, A plurality of carboxy ester aliphatic groups may be mentioned.
- Examples of the combination of a plurality of aliphatic groups include a combination of a saturated aliphatic group having less than 10 carbon atoms and a saturated aliphatic group having 10 or more carbon atoms, and specifically, a combination of octyl and decyl, methyl And combinations of decyl.
- a combination of a plurality of aliphatic groups for example, a combination of a saturated aliphatic group having less than 7 carbon atoms and a saturated aliphatic group having 7 or more carbon atoms is also exemplified.
- a combination of methyl and octyl A combination of hexyl and decyl and a combination of hexyl and octyl can be mentioned. Further, combinations of saturated aliphatic groups having less than 5 carbon atoms and saturated aliphatic groups having 5 or more carbon atoms are also included, and specific examples include combinations of methyl and hexyl.
- Examples of the combination of a plurality of phosphonoaliphatic groups include a combination of a phosphonoaliphatic group having less than 5 carbon atoms and a phosphonoaliphatic group having 5 or more carbon atoms, and specifically, 3-phosphonopropyl and A combination of 6-phosphonohexyl is mentioned.
- the combination of a plurality of alkoxyphosphonyl aliphatic groups includes, for example, a combination of an alkoxyphosphonyl aliphatic group having less than 10 carbon atoms and an alkoxyphosphonyl aliphatic group having 10 or more carbon atoms, specifically, A combination of 3- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) propyl and 6- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) hexyl, a combination of 3- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) propyl and 10- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) decyl may be mentioned.
- Examples of the combination of a plurality of carboxy aliphatic groups include a combination of a carboxy aliphatic group having less than 5 carbon atoms and a carboxy aliphatic group having 5 or more carbon atoms, and more specifically, 2-carboxyethyl and 5 A combination of -carboxypropyl.
- Examples of the combination of a plurality of carboxy ester aliphatic groups include a combination of a carboxy ester aliphatic group having less than 7 carbon atoms and a carboxy ester aliphatic group having 7 or more carbon atoms, specifically A combination of methoxy-carbonyl) ethyl and 5- (methoxy-carbonyl) heptyl, 2- (methoxy-carbonyl) ethyl and 9- (methoxy-carbonyl) nonyl may be mentioned.
- the organic group contains a plurality of homologous organic groups
- the organic group contains a plurality of organic groups different in size (length or / and size, that is, carbon number). Therefore, resin molecules enter into voids (pockets) formed corresponding to the small-sized organic groups between the adjacent large-sized organic groups, and the interaction between the large-sized organic groups and the resin molecules is It can be improved. As a result, the dispersibility of the catalyst particles can be improved.
- an organic group of a different group for example, an aliphatic group, an alicyclic group, an araliphatic group, an aromatic group, a phosphono aliphatic group, a phosphono araliphatic group, an alkoxy phosphonyl aliphatic group, an alkoxy phosphonyl aroma
- an aliphatic group for example, an aliphatic group, an alicyclic group, an araliphatic group, an aromatic group, a phosphono aliphatic group, a phosphono araliphatic group, an alkoxy phosphonyl aliphatic group, an alkoxy phosphonyl aroma
- At least two different families selected from the group consisting of aliphatic groups, hydroxy aliphatic groups, carboxy aliphatic groups, carboxy araliphatic groups, carboxy aromatic groups, carboxy ester aliphatic groups, amino / sulfo aliphatic groups A combination is mentioned.
- organic groups of different groups preferably, a combination of aliphatic group and araliphatic group, combination of aliphatic group and carboxy aliphatic group, combination of aliphatic group and carboxy ester aliphatic group, carboxy aliphatic group and carboxy Combinations of ester aliphatic groups may be mentioned.
- combinations of aliphatic groups and araliphatic groups include combinations of saturated aliphatic groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and araliphatic groups having 7 to 15 carbon atoms, and specific examples include octyl and phenyl A combination of hexyl is mentioned.
- the combination of aliphatic group and carboxy aliphatic group includes, for example, a combination of an aliphatic group having less than 6 carbon atoms and a carboxy aliphatic group having less than 6 carbon atoms, and specifically, methyl and 2-carboxyethyl And combinations of methyl and 5-carboxypentyl. Further, combinations of aliphatic groups having 6 or more carbon atoms and carboxy aliphatic groups having less than 6 carbon atoms can also be mentioned, specifically, combinations of octyl and 2-carboxyethyl, combinations of octyl and 5-carboxypentyl Be
- the combination of aliphatic group and carboxy ester aliphatic group includes, for example, a combination of aliphatic group having less than 6 carbon atoms and carboxy ester aliphatic group having less than 6 carbon atoms, and specifically, methyl and 2- ( A combination of methoxy-carbonyl) ethyl is mentioned.
- a combination of an aliphatic group and a carboxy ester aliphatic group for example, a combination of an aliphatic group having less than 6 carbon atoms and a carboxy ester aliphatic group having 6 or more carbon atoms can also be mentioned.
- a combination of-(methoxy-carbonyl) nonyl is mentioned.
- a combination of an aliphatic group and a carboxy ester aliphatic group for example, a combination of an aliphatic group having 7 or more carbon atoms and a carboxy ester aliphatic group having 7 or more carbon atoms can also be mentioned. And combinations of-(methoxy-carbonyl) nonyl, decyl and 9- (methoxy-carbonyl) nonyl.
- combinations of aliphatic groups and carboxy ester aliphatic groups include combinations of aliphatic groups having 6 or more carbon atoms and carboxy ester aliphatic groups having less than 6 carbon atoms, and specific examples include decyl and 2- ( A combination of methoxy-carbonyl) ethyl is mentioned.
- Examples of the combination of a carboxy aliphatic group and a carboxy ester aliphatic group include a combination of a carboxy aliphatic group having less than 5 carbon atoms and a carboxy ester aliphatic group having 6 or more carbon atoms, specifically, 2- A combination of carboxyethyl and 9- (methoxy-carbonyl) nonyl is included.
- the organic group contains organic groups of a plurality of different groups
- the organic groups when the resin is prepared as a mixture of a plurality of resin components, the organic groups have excellent compatibility with the organic groups of the respective groups. Excellent compatibility can be expressed with respect to the resin molecule. Therefore, the interaction between the organic group and the resin molecule of the resin component can be improved. As a result, the dispersibility of the catalyst particles can be improved.
- the organic group described above is present on the surface of the inorganic particles in the catalyst particles. Specifically, the organic group extends from the surface of the inorganic particle through the binding group toward the outside of the inorganic particle.
- the catalyst particles described above are produced by subjecting an inorganic substance and / or a complex and an organic compound to a reaction treatment, preferably a high temperature treatment.
- the high temperature treatment is carried out in a solvent.
- the solvent include water, such as the organic compounds described above.
- inorganic substances and / or complexes are surface-treated with organic compounds under high temperature and high pressure water (hydrothermal synthesis: hydrothermal reaction), or inorganic substances and / or complexes in high temperature organic compounds
- catalyst particles are obtained. That is, catalyst particles are obtained by surface treating the surface of the inorganic substance and / or the complex (the inorganic particles formed thereby) with the organic compound containing the organic group described above.
- hydrothermal synthesis for example, the above-mentioned inorganic substance and an organic compound are reacted in the presence of water under high temperature and pressure (first hydrothermal synthesis).
- the inorganic substance to be subjected to the first hydrothermal synthesis preferably includes oxides, sulfates, nitrates, formates, hydroxides and metals.
- the inorganic substances to be subjected to the first hydrothermal synthesis can be used alone or in combination.
- the first combination described above is adopted.
- the reaction system is prepared under high temperature and high pressure by charging the inorganic substance, the organic compound and water into a pressure-resistant closed vessel and heating them.
- the blend ratio of each component is the same blend ratio as the blend ratio (mass basis, volume basis, molar basis, etc.) exemplified in the second embodiment.
- the first inorganic substance is blended in a large amount compared to the second inorganic substance
- the blend ratio of the second inorganic substance to 100 parts by mass of the first inorganic substance is, for example, 20 parts by mass or less, preferably 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 5 parts by mass or less, and usually 0.01 part by mass It is above.
- the compounding ratio of the second inorganic substance to 1 mol of the first inorganic substance is, for example, 0.2 mol or less, preferably 0.1 mol or less, more preferably 0.05 mol or less, usually It is 0.0001 mol or more.
- the reaction conditions in the hydrothermal reaction are, for example, a heating temperature of 100 to 600 ° C., preferably 200 to 500 ° C.
- the pressure is, for example, 0.2 to 50 MPa, preferably 1 to 50 MPa, and more preferably 10 to 50 MPa.
- the reaction time is, for example, 1 to 2000 minutes, preferably 2 to 1000 minutes, and more preferably 3 to 500 minutes.
- the reaction time when using a continuous reaction apparatus is, for example, one minute or less.
- the obtained reactant mainly contains a precipitate which precipitates in water and a deposit which adheres to the inner wall of the closed vessel.
- the precipitate is obtained, for example, by sedimentation, which causes the reaction to settle by gravity or centrifugal field.
- it is obtained as a precipitate of the reaction product by centrifugal sedimentation (centrifugation) by sedimentation by a centrifugal field.
- the deposit is recovered by, for example, spatula or the like.
- the reaction product can also be recovered (separated) by adding a solvent and washing the unreacted organic compound (that is, dissolving the organic compound in the solvent), and thereafter removing the solvent.
- Examples of the solvent include the same solvents as the solvents exemplified in the second embodiment.
- reaction product is separated from the solvent (supernatant) and recovered, for example, by filtration, decantation and the like. Thereafter, if necessary, the reaction is dried, for example, by heating or air flow.
- Examples of the inorganic substance to be subjected to the second hydrothermal synthesis include hydroxides, sulfates, acetates, metals, and hydrates thereof.
- the elements contained in the hydroxide - The (hydroxyl ion (OH. Elements constituting the cation combines with)), the same elements combine with oxygen in the oxide include the above-mentioned.
- hydroxide examples include strontium hydroxide (Sr (OH) 2 ) and the like.
- Examples of the complex to be subjected to the second hydrothermal synthesis include a titanium complex.
- tungstic acid WO 3 ⁇ H 2 O
- ammonium tungstate pentahydrate (NH 4 ) 2 WO 4 ⁇ 5 H 2 O)
- the above-mentioned hydrate produces
- Such inorganic substances and complexes can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the second inorganic does not cause a change in chemical composition before and after the reaction (second hydrothermal synthesis).
- the second inorganic substance to be subjected to the second hydrothermal synthesis as the first combination include palladium, platinum and the like, which may be used before or after the reaction (the second hydrothermal synthesis) There is no change in chemical composition.
- the metal forming the second inorganic substance or the oxide thereof is supported by the first inorganic substance.
- Supported is defined as a state in which the metal or oxide is substantially uniformly present in and / or on the surface of the first inorganic substance.
- the metal (copper) that forms the sulfate (copper) is supported on an oxide (tungsten oxide) after the second hydrothermal synthesis.
- Group VIII elements palladium and platinum
- oxides tungsten oxide
- the metal (copper) that forms formate is supported on tungsten oxide after the second hydrothermal synthesis.
- the mixing ratio of each component in the second hydrothermal synthesis is, for example, 1 to 1500 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 500 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 150 parts by mass of the organic compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic substance and the complex.
- the amount is, for example, 50 to 8000 parts by mass, preferably 80 to 6600 parts by mass, and more preferably 80 to 4500 parts by mass.
- the blending ratio of the organic compound is, for example, 0.9 to 1880 mL, preferably 4.5 to 630 mL, more preferably 4.5 to 320 mL, per 100 g of the inorganic substance and the complex, and the blending of the organic compound
- the number of moles can also be set, for example, to 0.01 to 10000 moles, preferably 0.1 to 10 moles, per 1 mole of the inorganic substance and the complex.
- the proportion of water is, for example, 50 to 8000 mL, preferably 80 to 6600 mL, and more preferably 100 to 4500 mL, per 100 g of the inorganic substance and the complex.
- the compounding ratio of the inorganic substance to 100 parts by mass of the complex is For example, 10 parts by mass or less, preferably 8 parts by mass or less, more preferably 5 parts by mass or less, and usually 0.001 parts by mass or more.
- the compounding ratio of the inorganic substance to 1 mol of the complex is, for example, 0.1 mol or less, preferably 0.08 mol or less, more preferably 0.05 mol or less, and usually 0.00001 mol or more. is there.
- the mixing ratio of the ruthenium complex to 100 parts by mass of the titanium complex is, for example, 50 parts by mass or less, Preferably, it is 25 parts by mass or less, and usually 0.1 part by mass or more.
- the mixing ratio of the ruthenium complex to 1 mol of the titanium complex is, for example, 0.5 mol or less, preferably 0.25 mol or less, and usually 0.0001 mol or more.
- reaction conditions in the second hydrothermal synthesis are the same as the reaction conditions in the first hydrothermal synthesis described above.
- the titanium complex forms titanium oxide by the reaction (second hydrothermal synthesis), while platinum forms the titanium oxide before and after the reaction. There is no change in chemical composition.
- a combination of a titanium complex, strontium hydroxide and nickel acetate is employed as a second combination, the titanium complex and strontium hydroxide are reacted by strontium hydroxide (second hydrothermal synthesis). (SrTiO 3 ) is produced, and nickel acetate produces nickel oxide (NiO).
- titanium complex when a combination of a titanium complex, strontium hydroxide and a ruthenium complex is employed as a second combination, the titanium complex and strontium hydroxide react with strontium titanate by reaction (second hydrothermal synthesis). generate (SrTiO 3), ruthenium complex generates a ruthenium oxide (RuO 2).
- catalyst particles having inorganic particles formed from inorganic substances and complexes different from the charged inorganic raw material and organic groups bonded to the surface thereof are obtained.
- pH adjusters can be further added to each component at an appropriate ratio.
- pH adjusters examples include aqueous ammonia solution and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- an inorganic substance and / or a complex and an organic compound are blended, and they are heated, for example, under normal pressure.
- the organic compound is subjected to the high temperature treatment while serving as the organic group-introduced compound and the solvent for dispersing or dissolving the inorganic substance and / or the complex.
- the mixing ratio of the organic compound is, for example, 1 to 10000 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 5000 parts by mass, and more preferably 20 to 1000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic substance and the complex.
- the mixing ratio of the organic compound on a volume basis is, for example, 1 to 10000 mL, preferably 10 to 5000 mL, more preferably 20 to 1000 mL, per 100 g of the inorganic substance and the complex.
- the heating temperature is, for example, a temperature exceeding 100 ° C., preferably 125 ° C. or more, more preferably 150 ° C. or more, and usually, for example, 600 ° C. or less.
- the heating time is, for example, 1 to 2000 minutes, preferably 2 to 1000 minutes, and more preferably 3 to 500 minutes.
- the reaction time when using a continuous reaction apparatus is, for example, one minute or less.
- high pressure can be used together with heating.
- the high pressure conditions are the same as the pressure of the above-mentioned hydrothermal synthesis.
- catalyst particles comprising inorganic particles consisting of an inorganic substance and / or an oxide of a metal forming a complex, and an organic group bonded to the surface.
- the above-described high temperature treatment can be carried out alone, or a plurality of them can be carried out from the viewpoint of improving the treatment efficiency.
- a method of carrying out a plurality of high temperature treatments for example, a method of respectively repeating the above-described first hydrothermal synthesis, second hydrothermal synthesis, and surface treatment in a high temperature organic compound, or each of the above-mentioned treatments
- the method of combining and implementing is adopted.
- a method in which the above-described processes are combined and performed is employed.
- a method of surface treatment in a high temperature organic compound is employed.
- an organic substance in which a titanium complex is subjected to a high temperature treatment in the above-described phosphate group-containing organic compound (carboxyester group-containing organic compound), and a carboxy aliphatic group is bound to titanium oxide through a phosphoric acid group Inorganic composite particles are obtained. Thereafter, the obtained organic-inorganic composite particles are subjected to a high temperature treatment in alcohol to generate a carboxy ester group-containing organic group from the carboxy aliphatic group in the organic group. That is, the carboxyl group bonded to the end of the aliphatic group is esterified with alcohol.
- the shape of the catalyst particles (primary particles) obtained in this manner is not particularly limited.
- the catalyst particles may have anisotropy or isotropy, and the average particle diameter (having anisotropy)
- the average value of the maximum length is, for example, 450 nm or less, preferably 1 to 450 nm, more preferably 1 to 200 nm, and particularly preferably 1 to 100 nm from the viewpoint of transparency.
- the average particle size of the catalyst particles will be described in detail in the examples below, but they are measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) or image analysis of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or scanning electron microscope (SEM), Furthermore, it is calculated by calculation using Scheller's equation based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) data.
- DLS dynamic light scattering
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the transparency of the catalyst liquid, the catalyst resin composition and the catalyst molded body may decrease, and the catalyst may be crushed when mixed with the resin.
- the volume ratio of the organic group to the surface of the catalyst particles may be high, and the inorganic particles may not easily exhibit the catalytic action.
- the catalyst particles thus obtained are less likely to aggregate in the dry state, and even if they apparently aggregate in the dry state, aggregation (formation of secondary particles) in the catalyst composition and the catalyst shaped body Are prevented and dispersed almost uniformly in the resin.
- the surface coverage is determined by the same method as the method described in the second embodiment.
- the type of solvent (medium) for dispersing the catalyst particle is the type of organic group Can be controlled (designed or managed).
- the catalyst particles obtained by the above can also be wet classified.
- a solvent is added to the catalyst particles, they are stirred and then allowed to stand, and then separated into a supernatant and a precipitate.
- the solvent depends on the type of organic group, and includes, for example, the same as described above, and preferably, a hydroxyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon, a carbonyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, and a halogenation Aliphatic hydrocarbons, pH-adjusted aqueous solutions may be mentioned.
- the catalyst particles with a small average particle size can be obtained by recovering the topped product.
- the average particle diameter of the catalyst particles (primary particles) obtained can be adjusted to, for example, 400 nm or less, 1 nm to 400 nm, preferably 1 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably 1 nm to 100 nm by wet classification.
- the catalyst particle obtained by the above can be respectively disperse
- the catalyst liquid contains a solvent and the above-described catalyst particles.
- a solvent and catalyst particles are mixed, and they are stirred to disperse the catalyst particles in the solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the solvents used in the above-mentioned washing, and further, in addition to them, for example, alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, for example, esters such as ethyl acetate
- polyols such as ethylene glycol and glycerin, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, nitrogen-containing compounds such as pyridine, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide, isostearyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isoboronyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methacrylate, acrylic acid, Tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, acroyl morpho Acrylic monomers such emissions, for example, styrene, a vinyl group
- solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons are mentioned.
- the compounding ratio of the catalyst particles is, for example, 0.1 to 70 parts by mass, preferably 0.2 to 60 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the catalyst liquid. .
- the catalyst particles have a shape such that the inorganic particles do not come in contact with each other, and therefore, the catalyst particles are uniformly dispersed as primary particles in the solvent. Therefore, the transparency of the catalyst solution can be improved.
- the catalyst composition also contains a resin and the above-described catalyst particles.
- Examples of the resin include the same resins as those exemplified in the second embodiment. These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the catalyst particles and the resin can also be selected so that their solubility parameter (SP value) satisfies a predetermined relationship.
- the catalyst particles and the resin become the difference between the predetermined SP values ( ⁇ SP, specifically, the difference between the solubility parameter (SP resin value) of the resin and the solubility parameter (SP particle value) of the catalyst particles). To be selected.
- the high orientation resin includes the same high orientation resin as the high orientation resin exemplified in the second embodiment. Further, the above-mentioned resin has, for example, a hydrophilic group such as a carboxyl group or a hydroxyl group, for example, a hydrophobic group such as a hydrocarbon group.
- a catalyst composition first, the above-mentioned solvent and resin are mixed, resin is dissolved in a solvent, and a resin solution is prepared. Thereafter, the resin solution and the catalyst particles are blended, and the catalyst composition is prepared by stirring them (first preparation method).
- the compounding ratio of the resin to the resin solution is the same as the compounding ratio exemplified in the second embodiment.
- the compounding ratio of the catalyst particles is, for example, 1 to 1000 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 500 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 to 300 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of solid content (resin) of the resin solution.
- the mixing ratio of the catalyst particles is, for example, 0.1 to 300 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 200 parts by mass, and more preferably, 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the resin solution (the total amount of resin and solvent). It is also 3 to 100 parts by mass.
- the catalyst composition can be prepared by first preparing the above-described catalyst solution, and then blending the catalyst solution and the resin and stirring them (second preparation method).
- catalyst particles are dispersed as primary particles in a solvent.
- the compounding ratio of the resin is, for example, 10 to 10000 parts by mass, preferably 20 to 2000 parts by mass, and more preferably 40 to 1000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of solid content (catalyst particles) of the catalyst liquid. .
- the catalyst composition can be prepared by blending the solvent, the catalyst particles and the resin at one time and stirring them (third preparation method).
- the blending ratio of each component is, for example, 0.1 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass, and more preferably 3 to 30 parts by mass of catalyst particles with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the catalyst composition.
- the amount of the resin is 40 parts by mass or less, preferably 35 parts by mass or less, more preferably 30 parts by mass or less, and usually 1 part by mass or more.
- the blending ratio of the solvent is the remainder excluding the catalyst particles and the resin in the catalyst composition.
- a resin solution and a catalyst solution can be prepared separately, and then, the resin solution and the catalyst solution can be mixed and stirred (fourth preparation method) .
- the blend ratio of the resin in the resin solution is the same as the blend ratio exemplified in the first preparation method described above.
- the compounding ratio of the catalyst particles in the catalyst liquid is the same as the compounding ratio exemplified in the method of preparing the catalyst liquid described above.
- the mixing ratio of the resin solution and the catalyst liquid is, for example, 99: 1 to 10:90, preferably 95: 5 to 20:80, and more preferably 90:10 on a mass basis. Mix so as to be ⁇ 30: 70.
- the resin can be melted by heating and blended with the catalyst particles without blending a solvent (fifth preparation method).
- the catalyst composition thus prepared is a melt of the solvent-free catalyst composition.
- the heating temperature is the same as or higher than the melting temperature, and specifically, 200 to 350 ° C.
- the temperature at which the resin is in the B-stage state is, for example, 85 to 140 ° C.
- the blending ratio of the resin and the catalyst particles is, for example, 99: 1 to 10:90, preferably 95: 5 to 20:80, and more preferably 90:10 to 30:70 on a mass basis.
- catalyst particles are uniformly dispersed in the resin. Specifically, in the catalyst composition, catalyst particles are dispersed in the resin as primary particles (substantially without aggregation).
- the obtained catalyst composition is applied, for example, on a known support plate to prepare a coating, and the coating is dried to form a catalyst molded body as a film.
- the solvent is removed by evaporation. If necessary, the solvent can be dried by heating after coating.
- the thickness of the obtained film is appropriately set according to the application and purpose, and is, for example, 0.1 to 2000 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.1 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the catalyst molded object can also be shape
- the catalyst composition may be injected into a mold or the like, and then the catalyst molded body may be molded as a block (mass) by, for example, thermoforming such as hot pressing.
- this catalyst molded body is formed from a catalyst composition in which catalyst particles are dispersed in a resin, and the above-mentioned shape based on steric hindrance of organic groups in the catalyst particles makes it difficult for the inorganic particles to contact the resin directly. Become. Therefore, the catalyst molded body can exhibit a catalytic action on gas or liquid while suppressing deterioration of the resin.
- the catalyst molded body absorbs the light, specifically, for example, light with a wavelength of 1000 nm or less, preferably, light with a wavelength of 900 nm or less, more preferably, light with a wavelength of 800 nm or less.
- a detoxifying action e.g., a deodorizing action, an eradication action (or an antibacterial or sterilization action) action, a decomposing action against poisons, odors (odorous odors), bacteria, organic substances and the like contained in gases.
- it can exhibit a detoxifying action, a sterilizing action, an antifouling action, and a degrading action on poisons, bacteria, dirt, organic substances and the like contained in a liquid such as water.
- the catalyst molded body can be used as a catalyst molded body having various catalytic actions (photocatalytic action) such as detoxification action, deodorizing action, bacteria elimination action, antifouling action and decomposition action while having excellent durability.
- catalytic actions photocatalytic action
- catalyst particles are uniformly dispersed in the catalyst molded body, transparency can be improved.
- this catalyst molded body can be used for various optical applications and various building materials applications where transparency is required.
- the molded catalyst when the molded catalyst is formed as a film, for example, a polarizing film, a retardation film, a brightness enhancement film, a visual field used for an image display device such as a liquid crystal display or an organic electroluminescent device. It can be used as an optical film such as an angular magnification film, a high refractive index film, or a light diffusion film.
- the resin molded article according to the fourth aspect of the present invention which corresponds to the invention of a resin molded article and a method for producing the same, comprising: a particle-containing resin molded article containing a resin and organic-inorganic composite particles; It can be obtained by removing the inorganic composite particles.
- Resin is a matrix component which forms a resin molding, for example, thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, etc. are mentioned.
- thermosetting resin and the thermoplastic resin include the same thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins as the thermosetting resin and the thermoplastic resin described in the second embodiment. These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a particle-containing resin molded article molded from a particle-containing resin composition preferably, polyester resin, thermoplastic polyimide resin And polyetherimide resins.
- the above-mentioned resin preferably has a functional group.
- a functional group hydrophilic groups, such as a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group, for example, hydrophobic groups, such as a hydrocarbon group, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the refractive index of the resin to light of wavelength 633 nm is, for example, more than 1, and 3 or less, preferably 1.2 to 2.5, and more preferably 1.3 to 2.0.
- the refractive index is measured, for example, by a refractometer.
- the resin has a reflectance of, for example, 1 to 10%, preferably 2 to 9%, and more preferably 3 to 8% to light of wavelength 550 nm.
- the reflectance is measured, for example, by a spectrophotometer.
- the dielectric constant of the resin is, for example, 1.5 to 1000, preferably 2 to 100, and more preferably 2 to 10.
- the dielectric constant is measured, for example, by a dielectric loss automatic measurement device at a frequency of 1 MHz.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are particles that can be dispersed as primary in a solvent (described later) and / or resin, and are extracted from the resin by the extraction solvent, and the inorganic particles and the surface of the inorganic particles And an organic group to be bound.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are obtained by surface-treating the inorganic raw material forming the inorganic particles with an organic compound.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- metals consisting of metal elements such as typical elements and transition elements, for example, nonmetals consisting of nonmetal elements such as boron and silicon, for example, inorganics containing metal elements and / or nonmetals And compounds and / or complexes.
- metal element or nonmetal element for example, boron (B) of group IIIB in the long period periodic table (IUPAC, 1989) -silicon (Si) of group IVB-arsenic (As) of group VB, and With elements of tellurium (Te) of group VIB and astatine (At) of group VIIB, these elements and elements from the boundary to the left and lower sides in the long period periodic table can be mentioned, specifically, for example, a group I element (alkali metal) such as Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs, a group II element (alkaline earth metal) such as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra, and further, The same elements as the elements exemplified in the second embodiment can be mentioned.
- group I element alkali metal
- group II element alkaline earth metal
- Examples of the inorganic compound include the same inorganic compounds as the inorganic compounds exemplified in the second embodiment.
- an oxide, carbonate, a sulfate etc. are mentioned.
- the oxide examples include metal oxides, preferably titanium oxide (titanium dioxide, titanium (IV) oxide, titania: TiO 2 ), cerium oxide (cerium dioxide, cerium (IV) oxide, ceria: CeO 2 ) And zinc oxide (zinc oxide (II), zinc white or zinc white, ZnO) and the like.
- the oxides can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- examples of the element to be combined with carbonic acid include alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
- examples of the alkali metal and the alkaline earth metal include the same as described above.
- alkaline earth metals are mentioned.
- a carbonate containing an alkaline earth metal can be mentioned, and as such a carbonate, for example, beryllium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, Radium carbonate etc. are mentioned. These carbonates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a sulfate is a compound of a sulfate ion (SO 4 2 ⁇ ) and a cation of a metal (more specifically, a compound in which a hydrogen atom of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is substituted with a metal), which is a sulfate
- a metal contained in, for example, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal and the like can be mentioned. Examples of the alkali metal and the alkaline earth metal include the same as described above.
- alkaline earth metals are mentioned.
- sulfate examples include sulfates containing an alkaline earth metal, and examples of such sulfates include beryllium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, strontium sulfate, and barium sulfate. Radium sulfate etc. are mentioned, Preferably, barium sulfate is mentioned.
- sulfates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the above-mentioned inorganic materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic compound is, for example, an organic group-introduced compound that introduces (arranges) an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particle, and specifically includes a bonding group capable of bonding to the surface of the inorganic particle, and an organic group It is.
- the bonding group is appropriately selected according to the type of the inorganic particles, and for example, a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group (-PO (OH) 2 , phosphono group), an amino group, a sulfo group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an epoxy group And functional groups such as isocyanate group, nitro group, azo group, silyloxy group, imino group, aldehyde group (acyl group), nitrile group, vinyl group (polymerizable group) and the like.
- a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group, an amino group, a sulfo group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an epoxy group, an azo group, a vinyl group etc. are mentioned, More preferably, a carboxyl group and a phosphoric acid group are mentioned.
- the carboxyl group includes a carboxylic acid ester group (carboxy ester group).
- a phosphoric acid group contains a phosphoric acid ester group (phosphonic acid ester group).
- These bonding groups are contained one or more in the organic compound. Specifically, the linking group is linked to the terminal or side chain of the organic group.
- the bonding group is appropriately selected according to the above-mentioned inorganic particle, and specifically, when the inorganic particle contains cerium oxide, strontium carbonate and / or barium sulfate, for example, a carboxyl group is selected, When the inorganic particles contain titanium oxide and / or zinc oxide, for example, a phosphate group is selected.
- the organic group includes, for example, a hydrocarbon group such as an aliphatic group, an alicyclic group, an araliphatic group, and an aromatic group.
- hydrocarbon group As a hydrocarbon group, the hydrocarbon group similar to the hydrocarbon group illustrated by 2nd embodiment is mentioned.
- the organic group described above is a hydrophobic group for imparting hydrophobicity to the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the organic compound containing the above-mentioned hydrophobic group is provided as a hydrophobized organic compound for subjecting the inorganic particles to a hydrophobic treatment.
- a hydrophobized organic compound the same hydrophobized organic compound as the hydrophobized organic compound exemplified in the second embodiment can be mentioned.
- the organic compound can also be provided as a hydrophilized organic compound for subjecting the inorganic particles to a hydrophilic treatment, in which case the organic group in the hydrophilized organic compound is the aforementioned hydrocarbon group and the hydrophilic group bound thereto. And.
- the hydrophilic group is bonded to the end of the above-mentioned hydrocarbon group (the end (other end) opposite to the end bonded to the bonding group (one end)) or a side chain.
- the hydrophilic group is a functional group having polarity (that is, a polar group), and includes, for example, the same functional group as the functional group exemplified in the second embodiment.
- One or more of these hydrophilic groups are contained in the hydrophilized organic compound.
- the organic compound containing a hydrophilic group for example, the carboxyl group-containing organic compound exemplified in the second embodiment, the hydroxyl group-containing organic compound, the phosphoric acid group-containing organic compound, the amino group-containing organic compound, sulfo
- the same compounds as the group-containing organic compound, the carbonyl group-containing organic compound, the cyano group-containing organic compound, the nitro group-containing organic compound, the aldehyde group-containing organic compound, the thiol group-containing organic compound and the like can be mentioned.
- organic groups described above may be identical to or different from one another.
- the organic groups are different from each other, that is, when the organic group contains a plurality of organic groups of different types, it contains a plurality of homologous organic groups and / or a plurality of organic groups of different groups.
- the organic group of the same group is preferably a combination of a plurality of aliphatic groups, more preferably a combination of a plurality of saturated aliphatic groups, and particularly preferably a saturated aliphatic group having less than 10 carbon atoms
- a combination of a group and a saturated aliphatic group having 10 or more carbon atoms can be mentioned, and specifically, a combination of hexyl and decyl, and a combination of octyl and decyl can be mentioned.
- the organic group contains a plurality of homologous organic groups
- the organic group contains a plurality of organic groups different in size (length or / and size, that is, carbon number). Therefore, resin molecules enter into voids (pockets) formed corresponding to the small-sized organic groups between the adjacent large-sized organic groups, and the interaction between the large-sized organic groups and the resin molecules is It can be improved. As a result, the dispersibility of the organic-inorganic composite particles can be improved.
- organic groups of different groups include the same combinations as the combinations exemplified in the second embodiment.
- the organic group contains organic groups of a plurality of different groups
- the organic groups when the resin is prepared as a mixture of a plurality of resin components, the organic groups have excellent compatibility with the organic groups of the respective groups. Excellent compatibility can be expressed with respect to the resin molecule. Therefore, the interaction between the organic group and the resin molecule of the resin component can be improved. As a result, the dispersibility of the organic-inorganic composite particles can be improved.
- the organic group described above is present on the surface of the inorganic particles in the organic-inorganic composite particles. Specifically, the organic group is bonded to the surface of the inorganic particle via a bonding group. In addition, the organic group extends from the surface of the inorganic particle to the outside of the inorganic particle via the bonding group.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles described above are prepared by subjecting an inorganic raw material and an organic compound to a reaction treatment, preferably a high temperature treatment.
- the high temperature treatment is carried out in a solvent.
- the solvent include water, such as the organic compounds described above.
- organic-inorganic composite particles are obtained. That is, the surface of the inorganic particles formed of the inorganic raw material is surface-treated with an organic compound (or in the presence) to obtain organic-inorganic composite particles.
- hydrothermal synthesis for example, the above-mentioned inorganic raw material and an organic compound are reacted in the presence of water under high temperature and high pressure (first hydrothermal synthesis).
- an inorganic compound more preferably a carbonate or a sulfate is mentioned.
- an inorganic raw material, an organic compound and water are introduced into a pressure-resistant closed vessel, and the reaction system is prepared under high temperature and high pressure by heating them.
- the compounding ratio of each component is, for example, 1 to 1500 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 500 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 250 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic raw material.
- it is 50 to 8000 parts by mass, preferably 80 to 6600 parts by mass, and more preferably 100 to 4500 parts by mass.
- the blending ratio of the organic compound is, for example, 1 to 1500 mL, preferably 5 to 500 mL, per 100 g of the inorganic raw material. , More preferably 5 to 250 mL.
- the molar number of the organic compound is, for example, 0.01 to 1000 moles, preferably 0.02 to 50 moles, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 moles, per mole of the inorganic raw material. It can also be set.
- the organic compound contains a plurality of (for example, two) organic groups of different types, specifically, the molar ratio of the organic compound containing one organic group to the organic compound containing the other organic group Is, for example, 10:90 to 99.9: 0.1, preferably 20:80 to 99: 1.
- the blending ratio of water is, for example, 50 to 8000 mL, preferably 80 to 6600 mL, more preferably 100 to 100 g of the inorganic raw material. It is 4500 mL.
- reaction conditions in the hydrothermal reaction are the same as the reaction conditions exemplified in the second embodiment.
- a pH adjusting aqueous solution such as an aqueous ammonia solution or an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution can be blended at an appropriate ratio.
- the obtained reactant mainly contains a precipitate which precipitates in water and a deposit which adheres to the inner wall of the closed vessel.
- the precipitate is obtained, for example, by sedimentation, which causes the reaction to settle by gravity or centrifugal field.
- it is obtained as a precipitate of the reaction product by centrifugal sedimentation (centrifugation) by sedimentation by a centrifugal field.
- the deposit is recovered by, for example, spatula or the like.
- the reaction product can be recovered by adding a solvent and washing the unreacted organic compound (that is, dissolving the organic compound in the solvent), and then removing the solvent and recovering (separating) (recovery step) .
- the solvent examples include alcohols (hydroxyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons) such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and isopropanol; ketones (carbonyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons) such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone and cyclopentanone;
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane and heptane
- halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and trichloroethane
- halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene such as tetrahydrofuran Ethers
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like, for example, the above-mentioned pH adjusted aqueous solution and the like can be mentioned.
- alcohol is mentioned.
- reaction product is separated from the solvent (supernatant) and recovered, for example, by filtration, decantation and the like. Thereafter, if necessary, the reaction is dried, for example, by heating or air flow.
- an organic-inorganic composite particle having inorganic particles and an organic group bonded to the surface of the inorganic particles is obtained.
- the inorganic raw material before the reaction and the inorganic particles after the reaction have the same composition.
- organic-inorganic composite particles including inorganic particles formed from inorganic substances having a composition different from the inorganic raw material which is a preparation raw material can also be obtained by subjecting the inorganic raw material (preparation raw material) and the organic compound to hydrothermal synthesis. Second hydrothermal synthesis).
- Examples of the inorganic raw material to be subjected to the second hydrothermal synthesis include hydroxides, acetates and complexes.
- the elements contained in the hydroxide - The (hydroxyl ion (OH. Elements constituting the cation combines with)), the same elements combine with oxygen in the oxide include the above-mentioned.
- hydroxide examples include titanium hydroxide (Ti (OH) 4 ) and cerium hydroxide (Ce (OH) 4 ).
- examples of the element to be combined with acetate ion include, for example, group IIB elements, preferably, Zn, Cd and the like.
- acetate preferably, an acetate containing a Group IIB element is mentioned, and as such an acetate, specifically, zinc acetate, cadmium acetate and the like can be mentioned. These acetates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the complex contains a central atom and / or a central ion and a ligand coordinated to it.
- the same metal element as the above-mentioned metal element can be mentioned, preferably, a Group IVA element, more preferably Ti.
- the central ion includes cations of the above-described metal elements.
- Examples of the ligand include coordination compounds such as carboxylic acid, hydroxycarboxylic acid and acetylacetone, for example, cations of the above-mentioned coordination compounds and coordination ions such as hydroxide ion.
- carboxylic acids examples include dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, succinic acid and phthalic acid.
- hydroxycarboxylic acids examples include monohydroxy monocarboxylic acids such as 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid, lactic acid and glycolic acid (specifically, ⁇ -monohydroxy carboxylic acids), monohydroxy dicarboxylic acids such as malic acid, For example, monohydroxytricarboxylic acid such as citric acid and the like can be mentioned.
- the coordination number is, for example, 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3.
- Complexes can be obtained by preparation from the metal elements and ligands described above.
- the complexes described above can also be formed (prepared) as salts and / or hydrates.
- Salts include salts with cations such as ammonium ions.
- organic compound the thing similar to the organic compound used for above-mentioned 1st hydrothermal synthesis is mentioned, for example.
- the inorganic raw material and the organic compound are reacted in the presence of water under high temperature and high pressure.
- the compounding ratio of each component is, for example, 1 to 1500 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 500 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 250 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic compound.
- it is 50 to 8000 parts by mass, preferably 80 to 6600 parts by mass, and more preferably 80 to 4500 parts by mass.
- the blending ratio of the organic compound is, for example, 0.9 to 1880 mL, preferably 4.5 to 630 mL, more preferably 4.5 to 320 mL, per 100 g of the hydroxide, and the blending of the organic compound
- the number of moles can also be set to, for example, 0.01 to 10000 moles, preferably 0.1 to 10 moles, per 1 mole of hydroxide.
- the mixing ratio of water is, for example, 50 to 8000 mL, preferably 80 to 6600 mL, and more preferably 100 to 4500 mL with respect to 100 g of hydroxide.
- reaction conditions in the second hydrothermal synthesis are the same as the reaction conditions in the first hydrothermal synthesis described above.
- organic-inorganic composite particles which have inorganic particles formed of an inorganic substance different in composition from the charged inorganic raw material and an organic group bonded to the surface of the inorganic particles.
- an inorganic raw material and an organic compound are blended, and they are heated, for example, under normal pressure.
- the organic compound is subjected to high temperature treatment while serving as the organic group introduced compound and a solvent for dispersing or dissolving the inorganic raw material.
- the blending ratio of the organic compound is, for example, 10 to 10000 parts by mass, preferably 100 to 1000 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic raw material.
- the blending ratio of the organic compound on a volume basis is, for example, 10 to 10000 mL, preferably 100 to 1000 mL, per 100 g of the inorganic raw material.
- the heating temperature is the same as the temperature exemplified in the second embodiment.
- the heating time is the same heating time as the heating time exemplified in the second embodiment.
- the shape of the organic-inorganic composite particles (primary particles) obtained in this manner is not particularly limited, and may have, for example, anisotropy or isotropy, and the average particle diameter (having anisotropy) In the case where the average length is not more than 400 nm, preferably not more than 200 nm, more preferably not more than 100 nm, and usually not less than 1 nm, preferably not less than 3 nm. .
- the average particle size of the organic-inorganic composite particles will be described in detail in the following examples, but it is measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and / or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Calculated by image analysis of
- the micropores (described later) may become excessively large, and the transparency of the resin molded product (porous film, described later) may be reduced. Moreover, it may be crushed when mixed with a resin. Moreover, when an average particle diameter exceeds the above-mentioned range, when mixing with resin, it may be crushed.
- the average particle diameter of the organic-inorganic composite particles is less than the above-described range, the volume ratio of the organic group to the surface of the organic-inorganic composite particles may be high, making it difficult to obtain the function of the inorganic particles.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles obtained in this manner are difficult to aggregate in the dry state, and even if they apparently aggregate in the dry state, the particle-containing resin composition and the particle-containing resin molded product may contain inorganic particles. Aggregation of each other is prevented.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles have at least a shape in which the inorganic particles do not contact each other due to the steric hindrance of the organic group.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are particles which are easily redispersed only by adding a solvent (described later) once they are dried.
- the surface coverage is determined by the same method as the method described in the second embodiment.
- the type of solvent (medium) in which the organic-inorganic composite particles are dispersed Can be controlled (designed or managed) by the type of organic group.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles obtained as described above can also be wet-classified.
- the wet classification is the same as the wet classification described in the second embodiment.
- Organic-inorganic composite particles having a smaller average particle size can be obtained by wet classification.
- the average particle diameter of the organic-inorganic composite particles obtained by wet classification is, for example, 400 nm or less, preferably 200 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less, usually, for example, 0.1 nm or more, preferably 0.3 nm It can be adjusted above.
- the resin and the organic-inorganic composite particles can be selected so that their solubility parameter (SP value) satisfies a predetermined relationship.
- the difference between the resin and the organic-inorganic composite particles is the difference between the predetermined SP value difference ( ⁇ SP, specifically, the resin solubility parameter (SP resin value) and the organic-inorganic composite particle solubility parameter (SP particle value). Is selected to be a value).
- hydrophilic group which both a functional group and an organic group have Preferably, a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group are mentioned, As a hydrophilic group which a functional group and an organic group have together, Preferably, a hydrocarbon group etc. are mentioned. .
- the affinity between the organic-inorganic composite particles and the resin can be improved by having the above-described group in which both the functional group and the organic group exhibit the same property (hydrophilic or hydrophobic).
- the above-described resin and the organic-inorganic composite particles are mixed to prepare a particle-containing resin composition.
- the presence (dispersion) of the organic-inorganic composite particles in the particle-containing resin composition changes depending on the composition of the organic group contained in the organic-inorganic composite particles. Therefore, the presence (dispersion) state of the organic-inorganic composite particles in the interior of the particle-containing resin composition is not limited to the blending ratio (described later) of the resin and the organic-inorganic composite particles.
- the same solution preparation exemplified in the second embodiment is employed.
- the solvent examples include the same solvents as the solvents exemplified in the second embodiment. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Preferably, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons are mentioned.
- the particle-containing resin composition first, the above-described solvent and resin are blended, and the resin is dissolved in the solvent to prepare a resin solution. Thereafter, the resin solution and the organic-inorganic composite particles are mixed, and the particles are mixed to prepare a particle-containing resin composition (first preparation method).
- the mixing ratio of the resin to the resin solution is the same as the mixing ratio (mass basis, volume basis, molar basis, etc.) exemplified in the second embodiment.
- the compounding ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is, for example, 1 to 5000 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 3000 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 to 300 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of solid content (resin) of the resin solution. It is.
- the blending ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is set relatively low (that is, the organic-inorganic composite particles are blended at a low concentration) Specifically, it is, for example, less than 1000 parts by mass, preferably 500 parts by mass or less, more preferably 300 parts by mass or less, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid content (resin) of the resin solution. Set to 1 part by mass or more.
- the blend ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is set relatively high (that is, the organic-inorganic composite particles are blended at a high concentration).
- the mixing ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is, for example, 5 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of solid content (resin) of the resin solution.
- it is 10 parts by mass or more, more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, and usually, for example, 5000 parts by mass or less.
- the mixing ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is the mixing ratio in the case of forming the particle-containing resin molded body in a cocontinuous structure.
- it is 50 to 500%, preferably 80 to 400%.
- the solvent and the organic-inorganic composite particles are blended, and the organic-inorganic composite particles are dispersed in the solvent to prepare a particle dispersion, and then, the particle dispersion and the resin are blended and they are stirred.
- the particle-containing resin composition can also be prepared (second preparation method).
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are dispersed as primary particles in a solvent.
- the blending ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is, for example, 0.1 to 80 parts by mass, preferably 0.2 to 60 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the particle dispersion. It is a department.
- the compounding ratio of the resin particle dispersion to the solid content is the same as the compounding ratio (mass basis, volume basis, molar basis, etc.) exemplified in the second embodiment.
- the compounding ratio of the resin is set relatively high (that is, the resin is compounded at a high concentration).
- 1 part by mass or more preferably 10 parts by mass or more, more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, particularly preferably 40 parts by mass or more relative to 100 parts by mass of solid content (organic-inorganic composite particles) of the dispersion liquid
- it is set to 10000 parts by mass or less.
- the compounding ratio of the resin is set relatively low (that is, the resin is compounded at a low concentration).
- the particle-containing resin molded body for example, less than 2000 parts by mass, preferably 100 parts by mass of the solid content (organic-inorganic composite particles) of the particle dispersion Is set to 1000 parts by mass or less, more preferably 500 parts by mass or less, for example, 1 part by mass or more.
- the compounding ratio of the resin is, for example, with respect to the compounding ratio in the case of forming the particle-containing resin molded product in a cocontinuous structure. 10 to 300%, preferably 20 to 200%.
- the particle-containing resin composition can be prepared by blending a solvent, organic-inorganic composite particles, and resin at one time and stirring them (third preparation method).
- the mixing ratio of each component is, for example, 0.1 to 99.9 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 99 parts by mass of the organic-inorganic composite particles with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of the organic-inorganic composite particles and the resin.
- the amount is preferably 3 to 95 parts by mass
- the resin is 0.1 to 99.9 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 99 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 97 parts by mass.
- the proportion of the solvent is, for example, 1 to 10000 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 5000 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of the organic-inorganic composite particles and the resin.
- the compounding ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is set relatively low (that is, the organic-inorganic composite particles are blended at a low concentration), Specifically, it is, for example, less than 99 parts by mass, preferably 90 parts by mass or less, more preferably 80 parts by mass or less, particularly preferably 70 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the organic-inorganic composite particles and the resin.
- the amount is equal to or less than the mass, and for example, 0.1 mass or more.
- the blend ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is set relatively high (that is, blended at a high concentration of the organic-inorganic composite particles).
- the blending ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, for example, per 100 parts by mass of the total of the organic-inorganic composite particles and the resin. Is 10 parts by mass or more, more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, for example, 99 parts by mass or less.
- the blending ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is to the blending ratio in the case of forming the particle-containing resin molded product in a co-continuous structure. For example, 50 to 500%, preferably 80 to 400%.
- the resin solution and the particle dispersion may be prepared, and then the resin solution and the particle dispersion may be mixed and stirred (fourth Preparation method).
- the blend ratio of the resin in the resin solution is the same as the blend ratio exemplified in the first preparation method described above.
- the compounding ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles in the particle dispersion is the same as the compounding ratio exemplified in the second preparation method described above.
- the proportion of the organic-inorganic composite particles in the resin solution and the particle dispersion is, for example, 0.1 to 99.9 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass of the total of the organic-inorganic composite particles and the resin. It is blended so as to be about 99 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 95 parts by mass.
- the compounding ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is relatively low between the resin solution and the particle dispersion (that is, organic-inorganic composite particles Is formulated so as to have a low concentration).
- the resin solution and the particle dispersion liquid are, for example, less than 99 parts by mass, preferably 90 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 80, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of the organic-inorganic composite particles and the resin. It is blended so as to be not more than mass part, particularly preferably not more than 70 mass parts, for example, 0.1 mass parts or more.
- the blending ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is relatively high (that is, the organic-inorganic composite particles are high) Mix to make the concentration.
- the compounding ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the organic-inorganic composite particles and the resin.
- less than 99.9 parts by mass preferably 99 parts by mass or less, more preferably 95 parts by mass or less, particularly preferably 90 parts by mass or less, for example, 5 parts by mass or more, preferably 10 parts It mix
- the blending ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is to the blending ratio in the case of forming the particle-containing resin molded body in a co-continuous structure. For example, 50 to 500%, preferably 80 to 400%.
- the resin in order to prepare the particle-containing resin composition, for example, the resin can be melted by heating and blended with the organic-inorganic composite particles without blending a solvent (fifth preparation method).
- the particle-containing resin composition thus prepared is a melt of the solvent-free particle-containing resin composition.
- the heating temperature is a heating temperature similar to the heating temperature exemplified in the second embodiment.
- the compounding ratio of the resin is, for example, 1 to 90 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 80 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 to 70 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of the resin and the organic-inorganic composite particles.
- the compounding ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is set relatively low (that is, the organic-inorganic composite particles are blended at a low concentration), Specifically, it is, for example, less than 99 parts by mass, preferably 90 parts by mass or less, more preferably 80 parts by mass or less, particularly preferably 70 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the resin and the organic-inorganic composite particles. Or less, for example, 0.01 parts by mass or more, preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 1 part by mass or more.
- the blend ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is set relatively high (that is, blended at a high concentration of the organic-inorganic composite particles).
- the blending ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, for example, per 100 parts by mass of the total of the organic-inorganic composite particles and the resin. Is 10 parts by mass or more, more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, for example, 99 parts by mass or less.
- the blending ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles is to the blending ratio in the case of forming the particle-containing resin molded product in a co-continuous structure. For example, 50 to 500%, preferably 80 to 400%.
- the particle-containing resin molded product is formed from the particle-containing resin composition prepared as described above.
- the particle-containing resin composition is applied onto a substrate to produce a film, and the film is dried to form a particle-containing resin molded product as a film It shape
- the substrate is made of a material which does not dissolve in the extract described later, and specifically, for example, a polyester film such as polyethylene terephthalate film (PET), for example, an olefin film such as polyethylene film and polypropylene film, for example polyvinyl chloride
- PET polyethylene terephthalate film
- a film for example, a polyimide film, for example, a polyamide film such as a nylon film, for example, a synthetic resin film such as a rayon film, may be mentioned.
- paper base materials such as high quality paper, Japanese paper, kraft paper, glass paper, a synthetic paper, top coat paper, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- inorganic base materials such as a glass plate, a copper plate, an aluminum plate, stainless steel (SUS), etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the thickness of the substrate is, for example, 2 to 1500 ⁇ m.
- the particle-containing resin composition for example, a known application method such as a spin coater method or a bar coater method is used.
- a known application method such as a spin coater method or a bar coater method is used.
- the solvent is removed by volatilization. If necessary, the solvent can be dried by heating after coating.
- the thickness of the obtained film is appropriately set according to the application and purpose, and is, for example, 0.1 to 2000 ⁇ m, preferably 0.2 to 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the particle-containing resin molded product can also be formed as a film by a melt-forming method of extruding the above-described particle-containing resin composition with an extrusion molding machine or the like.
- the particle-containing resin composition may be injected into a mold or the like, and then the particle-containing resin molded product may be formed as a block (lump) by, for example, thermoforming such as hot pressing.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are blended at a low concentration, the organic-inorganic composite particles are dispersed in the resin as primary particles. That is, in the particle-containing resin molded product, the aggregation of the organic-inorganic composite particles to form secondary particles is prevented.
- the particle-containing resin molded product has a phase separation structure formed of a resin-to-resin phase and a particle phase consisting of organic-inorganic composite particles when the organic-inorganic composite particles are blended at a high concentration. There is.
- the particle phase is phase separated from the resin phase.
- phase separation structure examples include a two-phase separation structure (sea-island structure) in which a particle phase is dispersed in a resin phase.
- phase separation structure for example, there is also mentioned a bicontinuous separation structure in which a particle phase is three-dimensionally continuous.
- a particle phase is three-dimensionally continuous, it is possible to continuously extract the organic-inorganic composite particles in the particle phase (described later).
- phase separation structure a honeycomb structure, a columnar structure, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the resin molded product of the present invention can be obtained by removing the organic-inorganic composite particles from the particle-containing resin molded product.
- an extraction method in which an extraction solvent is brought into contact with the particle-containing resin molding is employed. Specifically, in the extraction method, the particle-containing resin molded product is immersed in the extract solution.
- Examples of the extract include a solvent that dissolves the organic-inorganic composite particles and penetrates the resin without corroding (damaging) the resin.
- solvents include, for example, acids or alkalis.
- the acid examples include inorganic acids such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid.
- alkali examples include inorganic alkalis such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and organic alkalis such as ammonia.
- an acid more preferably an inorganic acid is mentioned.
- the above-mentioned extract can be diluted with a diluent such as water, alcohol (such as ethanol), aliphatic hydrocarbon (such as hexane), for example, the concentration of the extract may be an extract and a diluent.
- a diluent such as water, alcohol (such as ethanol), aliphatic hydrocarbon (such as hexane)
- the concentration of the extract may be an extract and a diluent.
- a diluent such as water, alcohol (such as ethanol), aliphatic hydrocarbon (such as hexane)
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are dissolved regardless of the concentration of the organic-inorganic composite particles (that is, the structure of the organic-inorganic composite particles or particle phase in the particle-containing resin molded product) be able to.
- the above-described organic-inorganic composite particles are blended at a low concentration, and such organic-inorganic composite particles are preferably adopted when dispersed as primary particles in a resin.
- the solvent permeates the resin and dissolves the organic-inorganic composite particles dispersed in the resin as primary particles.
- the extraction liquid is not particularly limited as long as it is, for example, a dispersion medium which disperses the organic-inorganic composite particles, does not corrode (damage) the resin, and does not penetrate the resin.
- the dispersion medium include the same dispersion medium as the solvent used in the above-mentioned washing step, and specifically, water, pH adjustment aqueous solution, hydroxyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon, carbonyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon Aliphatic hydrocarbon, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, ether, aromatic hydrocarbon and the like.
- a dispersion medium Preferably, an aliphatic hydrocarbon is mentioned.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are blended at a high concentration, and the particle phase composed of such organic-inorganic composite particles is three-dimensionally continuous. Since the particle phase is exposed on the surface of the particle-containing resin molded product, the organic-inorganic composite particles can be continuously drawn out from the exposed surface and dispersed (extracted) in the dispersion medium.
- the extraction temperature is, for example, 0 to 150 ° C., preferably 10 to 100 ° C. If the extraction temperature is less than the above range, the desired extraction time described below may be exceeded, and the manufacturing cost may increase. Moreover, when extraction temperature exceeds the said range, the case where resin may deteriorate or manufacturing cost may increase.
- the extraction time is, for example, 30 seconds to 5 hours, preferably 1 minute to 3 hours.
- the extraction efficiency may decrease. If the extraction time exceeds the above range, the manufacturing cost may increase.
- micropores are formed in the particle-containing resin molded product by removing the organic-inorganic composite particles described above.
- the fine pores are formed as openings (voids) partitioned by the resin around the organic-inorganic composite particles.
- the shape and size (pore diameter) of the micropores are formed in substantially the same external shape and size as the organic-inorganic composite particles removed in the resin.
- the pores are uniformly dispersed in the resin. It is formed as dispersed discrete holes (separate bubbles).
- the resin molding in which the micropore was formed ie, a porous molding
- a porous molding the resin molding in which the micropore was formed
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are dispersed as primary particles, and the resin molded product having micropores formed by removing the organic-inorganic composite particles is transparent. And mechanical strength.
- this resin molded product can be used, for example, in optical applications such as optical films such as low refractive films and antireflection films, for example, electric and electronic applications such as electric and electronic substrates such as low dielectric substrates.
- this resin molding has the independent hole (micropore) formed by removing the organic-inorganic composite particle of the average particle diameter of the above-mentioned range, transparency can be improved more.
- the refractive index of the low refractive film to light of wavelength 633 nm is reduced, for example, to 99% or less, preferably to 95% or less, more preferably 90 to the refractive index to light of wavelength 633 nm of the resin.
- % Specifically, for example, 1 to 3, preferably 1.05 to 2.5, and more preferably 1.1 to 2.
- the reflectance of the antireflective film to light of wavelength 550 nm is, for example, 99 relative to the reflectance of resin to light of wavelength 550 nm. % Or less, preferably 95% or less.
- the reflectance of the antireflective film to light of wavelength 550 nm is, for example, 9% or less, preferably 1 to 8%, Preferably, it is 1.5 to 7%.
- the dielectric constant of the resin is, for example, 99% or less, preferably 95% or less, and more preferably 90% or less. Specifically, for example, it is 1 to 1000, preferably 1.2 to 100, and more preferably 1.5 to 100.
- the particle-containing resin molded product has a phase separation structure formed from the particle phase and the resin phase, more specifically, a co-continuous separation structure in which the particle phase is three-dimensionally continuous.
- the micropores are formed as communication holes in the resin.
- the resin molded product has the communication holes (micropores) formed by removing the organic-inorganic composite particles, so it is excellent in mechanical strength and from the communication holes penetrating in the thickness (front and back) direction.
- a porous film having the following paths (passage)
- it can be widely used in various applications such as size control filters, molecular separation membranes, adsorption / separation filters, and electrolyte membranes.
- the conditions may be adjusted to partially leave the organic-inorganic composite particles.
- the extraction time is, for example, 80% or less, preferably 65% or less, with respect to the extraction time when extracting all the organic-inorganic composite particles. More preferably, it is set to 50% or less, specifically, for example, less than 60 minutes, preferably, 30 minutes or less, for example, 1 second or more.
- the residual ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles increases toward one side of the resin molded product, specifically, inward from the surface of the resin molded product ( The higher you go towards the interior). In other words, the abundance ratio of the micropores in the resin molded product increases from the inside to the surface of the resin molded product.
- the concentration distribution of micropores in the thickness direction is, for example, in the range of 0 to 90% by volume, preferably in the range of 0 to 60% by volume, and more preferably in the range of 0 to 40% by volume. is there.
- the concentration of the micropores on the surface of the porous film is 90% by volume (preferably 65% by volume)
- the concentration of the micropores in the central portion in the thickness direction of the porous film is 0% by volume
- the residual ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles becomes higher toward the back surface (one side surface in the thickness direction, the substrate side surface). That is, the abundance ratio of the micropores becomes higher toward the surface of the porous film (the other side surface in the thickness direction, the exposed surface on which the substrate is not laminated).
- the concentration distribution in the thickness direction of the micropores is, for example, in the range of 0 to 90% by volume, preferably in the range of 0 to 65% by volume, more preferably It is in the range of 0 to 40% by volume.
- the concentration of the micropores on the surface of the porous film is 90% by volume (preferably 65% by volume)
- the concentration of the micropores on the back surface of the porous film is 0% by volume
- their thickness Along the way, a concentration gradient is formed.
- the residual ratio of the organic-inorganic composite particles described above and the abundance ratio of the micropores are measured by SEM or TEM.
- the titanium complex according to the fifth invention group an embodiment corresponding to the invention of a titanium oxide particle and a method for producing the same
- the titanium complex of the present invention contains a titanium atom as a central atom and has a total carbon number of 7 as a ligand. It contains the above hydroxycarboxylic acid.
- the titanium atom is a transition element of atomic number 22 and includes, for example, a tetravalent titanium atom.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid is an organic compound having 7 or more carbon atoms in total, which contains a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group, and has, for example, a saturated or unsaturated 7 carbon atoms in total, such as hydroxyalkanoic acid, hydroxyalkenoic acid, hydroxyalkynic acid and the like.
- hydroxycarboxylic acid is mentioned.
- the total carbon number of such hydroxycarboxylic acid is preferably 8 or more, for example, 16 or less, preferably 13 or less.
- the number of carboxyl groups contained in such a hydroxycarboxylic acid is, for example, 1 to 3, preferably 1, and the number of hydroxyl groups is, for example, 1 to 3, preferably 1.
- hydroxycarboxylic acids preferably, hydroxy monocarboxylic acids and monohydroxy carboxylic acids are mentioned, and more preferably, monohydroxy monocarboxylic acids are mentioned.
- hydroxycarboxylic acids preferably saturated hydroxyalkanoic acids are mentioned, and specifically, for example, hydroxyheptanoic acid, hydroxyoctanoic acid, hydroxynonanoic acid, hydroxydecanoic acid, hydroxyundecanoic acid And C 7 to C 16 linear hydroxyalkanoic acids such as hydroxydodecanoic acid, hydroxytridecanoic acid, hydroxytetradecanoic acid, hydroxypentadecanoic acid, hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and the like, for example, hydroxy 3-ethylhexanoic acid, hydroxy 4-ethyl Examples thereof include branched hydroxyalkanoic acids having 7 to 16 carbon atoms such as heptanoic acid and hydroxy 3-ethyloctanoic acid. Among such hydroxyalkanoic acids, preferred are linear hydroxyalkanoic acids.
- hydroxycarboxylic acids particularly preferably, 2-hydroxyalkanoic acid ( ⁇ -hydroxyalkanoic acid), 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid ( ⁇ -hydroxyalkanoic acid), etc.
- Monohydroxy monoalkanoic acids can be mentioned, and specifically, 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid can be mentioned.
- Such a monohydroxy monoalkanoic acid having 7 to 13 carbon atoms in total can be used as a ligand constituting a titanium complex, and further, a titanium complex containing such mono hydroxy monoalkanoic acid as a ligand is
- the heat resistance can be improved (180 ° C. or more) more than a titanium complex containing a hydroxycarboxylic acid having 6 or less carbon atoms in total as a ligand.
- Such a titanium complex is prepared by reacting a titanium atom with a hydroxycarboxylic acid having 7 or more carbon atoms in total.
- a substance containing a titanium atom is dissolved in a mixed solution of hydrogen peroxide water and an alkaline aqueous solution to prepare an unstable peroxotitanium complex aqueous solution.
- the substance containing a titanium atom is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include titanium particles and titanium powder.
- the size (average particle size) of such titanium particles and titanium powder is not particularly limited.
- titanium particles for example, commercially available products (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) can also be used.
- the hydrogen peroxide solution is a solution in which hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is dissolved in water, and its concentration is, for example, 10 to 50% by volume, preferably 20 to 40% by volume.
- alkaline aqueous solution for example, ammonia water in which ammonia (NH 3 ) is dissolved in water
- a basic inorganic compound such as sodium hydrogencarbonate Inorganic base aqueous solution etc. which melt
- Such alkaline aqueous solutions may be used alone or in combination.
- ammonia water is preferably mentioned.
- concentration of such aqueous ammonia is, for example, 1 to 45% by mass, preferably 5 to 40% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 35% by mass.
- the mixed solution of hydrogen peroxide water and alkaline aqueous solution has a blending ratio (hydrogen peroxide water: alkaline aqueous solution) of, for example, 3: 7 to 9: 1, preferably 5: 5 to 9: 1, More preferably, it is 6: 4 to 9: 1.
- the pH of such a mixed solution is, for example, 6 or more, preferably 7 to 14, and more preferably 9 to 14.
- a substance containing a titanium atom is added to the mixed solution and stirred for a predetermined time.
- the addition ratio of the substance containing a titanium atom is, for example, 0.5 to 5 g, preferably 1 to 3 g with respect to 100 ml of hydrogen peroxide water, and for example, 0.5 to 5 g with respect to 100 ml of mixed solution. Preferably, it is 1 to 2 g.
- the temperature is, for example, -15 to 80 ° C, preferably -10 to 50 ° C, and more preferably -5 to 25 ° C
- the time is, for example, 0.1 to 24 hours, preferably It is preferably 1 to 10 hours, more preferably 1 to 5 hours.
- the substance containing a titanium atom is dissolved in the mixed solution to prepare an aqueous peroxotitanium complex solution.
- the peroxotitanium complex aqueous solution contains a peroxotitanium complex formed by reacting a titanium atom with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ).
- the above-mentioned hydroxycarboxylic acid having 7 or more carbon atoms in total is mixed with the aqueous peroxotitanium complex solution to prepare a titanium complex-containing solution.
- the above-mentioned hydroxycarboxylic acid is dissolved in a solvent to prepare a hydroxycarboxylic acid solution, and the hydroxycarboxylic acid solution and the peroxotitanium complex aqueous solution are mixed Stir. Then, after stirring, it is allowed to stand, for example, for 10 to 40 hours, if necessary.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the hydroxycarboxylic acid, and examples thereof include water; alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; and ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- Such solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the concentration of the hydroxycarboxylic acid solution is, for example, 0.1 to 80% by mass, preferably 1 to 50% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the mixing ratio of the hydroxycarboxylic acid solution is, for example, 10 to 100 ml, preferably 20 to 80 ml, and more preferably 30 to 60 ml, per 100 ml of the aqueous peroxotitanium complex solution.
- the mixing ratio of the hydroxycarboxylic acid is, for example, 1 to 6 mol, preferably 1 to 5 mol, more preferably 1 to 4 mol, per 1 mol of the substance containing a titanium atom.
- the mixing ratio of the hydroxycarboxylic acid is less than 1 mol with respect to 1 mol of the substance containing a titanium atom, the lack of the ligand can not form a titanium complex, and the ligand (hydroxycarboxylic acid) A by-product containing a titanium atom which does not form a complex may remain, and a desired titanium oxide particle may not be obtained from a titanium complex containing the by-product.
- the mixing ratio of hydroxycarboxylic acid exceeds 6 mol with respect to 1 mol of the substance containing titanium atoms, excess hydroxycarboxylic acid may be large and be wasted, which may be unsuitable from the viewpoint of cost .
- the temperature is, for example, 0 to 80 ° C., preferably 5 to 70 ° C., more preferably 10 to 60 ° C.
- the time is, for example, 0.1 to 24 hours, preferably 0.5. It is preferably 10 hours, more preferably 1 to 5 hours. Then, after stirring, it is allowed to stand, for example, for 10 to 40 hours, if necessary.
- the obtained titanium complex-containing solution is dried to prepare a titanium complex.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known methods such as vacuum drying, spray drying and freeze drying.
- the temperature is increased by a dryer or the like, and the solvent is dried to prepare a titanium complex.
- the drying conditions are not particularly limited as long as the solvent can be removed, but the temperature is, for example, 50 to 100 ° C., preferably 60 to 90 ° C., and the time is 0.1 to 48 hours, preferably 0 Preferably 5 to 24 hours, more preferably 1 to 10 hours.
- the coordination number of such a titanium complex is, for example, 1 to 6, preferably 2 to 4 per one titanium atom.
- the coordination number can be analyzed by, for example, a mass spectrometer such as matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization (MALDI) -time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer (MS).
- MALDI matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization
- TOF time-of-flight
- the yield of the titanium complex is, for example, 60 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 100 mol%, with respect to the substance containing a titanium atom used.
- titanium complex thus prepared is not particularly limited.
- thermal decomposition produces titanium oxide particles.
- titanium oxide particles are produced by high-temperature and high-pressure treatment in water (hydrothermal synthesis).
- titanium oxide particles In order to produce titanium oxide particles, first, a titanium complex and water are charged into a reactor.
- the preparation ratio of the titanium complex is, for example, 5 to 40 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of water.
- a well-known high pressure reactor autoclave
- a continuous high pressure reactor can be mentioned.
- a high pressure reactor for example, a commercial product (manufactured by AKICO) can be used.
- AKICO manufactured by AKICO
- a commercial item made by ITEC Corporation
- reaction conditions in the hydrothermal synthesis are the same as the reaction conditions in the hydrothermal synthesis (first hydrothermal synthesis) exemplified in the third embodiment.
- the resulting reactant mainly contains a precipitate which precipitates in water, and a deposit which adheres to the inner wall of the closed vessel.
- the method for separating and collecting the precipitate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a known separatory funnel, a method using filtration using a filter, a method using centrifugation and the like. It is possible to separate and recover by such a method.
- the reactants are obtained by sedimentation, which is allowed to settle by gravity or a centrifugal field.
- it is obtained as a precipitate of the reaction product by centrifugal sedimentation (centrifugation) by sedimentation by a centrifugal field.
- the deposit is recovered by, for example, spatula or the like.
- the reaction product can also be recovered (separated) by adding a solvent and washing the unreacted hydroxycarboxylic acid (that is, dissolving the hydroxycarboxylic acid in the solvent), and then removing the solvent.
- the above-mentioned solvent is mentioned, for example.
- Such solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- reaction product after washing is separated and recovered from the solvent (supernatant) by, for example, filtration, decantation and the like. Thereafter, if necessary, the reaction is dried, for example, by heating or air flow.
- titanium oxide particles are prepared from the titanium complex.
- the crystal structure of such titanium oxide particles is, for example, anatase type (tetragonal), rutile type (tetragonal), or brucite type (orthogonal).
- the crystal structure can be determined by XRD (X-ray diffraction) or electron diffraction by TEM (transmission electron microscope).
- Such a crystal structure is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected by changing the type of ligand and the synthesis conditions of titanium oxide.
- an optical material having a high refractive index it is preferably rutile, and when used as a catalyst material that exhibits a photocatalytic function, it is preferably anatase.
- Such titanium oxide particles of the present invention are prepared, as described above, by treating a titanium complex containing a hydroxylcarboxylic acid having 7 or more carbon atoms in total as a ligand under high temperature and high pressure water.
- the ligand of the titanium complex is a hydroxylcarboxylic acid having 7 or more carbon atoms in total, decomposition of the ligand is suppressed even in high temperature and high pressure water, so that the titanium oxide particles to be prepared are colored Can be reduced.
- the coloring of the titanium oxide particles can be reduced while reducing the environmental load.
- Examples of applications of the titanium oxide particles of the present invention include various industrial products, and preferably, optical applications and the like because coloring is reduced.
- X-ray diffractometer D8 DISCOVER with GADDS, Bruker AXS (incident side optical system)
- Spectrometer monochromator
- Multilayer film mirror Collimator diameter 300 ⁇ m (Light receiving side optical system)
- Assignment (semi-quantitative software): FPM EVA, manufactured by Bruker AXS ( 2) Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometric measurements are performed by the KBr method using the following apparatus.
- FT / IRplus observation by JASCO (3) scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) by electron emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM)
- FE-SEM electron emission scanning electron microscope
- the particles are dispersed on a sample stage and then osmium coated to make a sample. Then, the prepared sample is photographed by the following field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM).
- the longitudinal length (maximum length) LL and the lateral length (minimum length) SL of each particle are measured from the obtained FE-SEM photograph, and the longitudinal direction of the whole particle is determined from their arithmetic mean. Calculate the length LL and the short direction length SL.
- FE-SEM JSM-7500F, manufactured by Nippon Denshi Co., Ltd. Acceleration voltage: 2 kV
- B Cross-Sectional Observation of Resin Molded Body (Including Optical Film)
- the resin molded body (including optical film) is cut with a cross section polisher (SM-08010, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) to prepare a sample. Thereafter, the prepared sample is coated with osmium, and the cross section thereof is observed with an electron emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) described below.
- FE-SEM electron emission scanning electron microscope
- FE-SEM JSM-7001F, manufactured by Nippon Denshi Co., Ltd. Acceleration voltage: 5 kV (4) Observation by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) The particles are dispersed on a Cu grid with a microgrid support film, and this is observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM Transmission Electron Microscope
- TEM HF-2000, manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Manufacturing & Services, Inc.
- Acceleration voltage 200 kV (5)
- Particle size distribution measurement The particle dispersion is put in a quartz cell, and the particle size distribution is measured by the following particle size distribution measuring device.
- Particle size distribution measuring apparatus Zetasizer Nano-ZS, manufactured by Marvern Instruments, Example 1-1
- a 5 mL high-pressure reactor manufactured by AKICO
- 0.5 g of strontium hydroxide octahydrate manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- 0.0896 mL of formic acid manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- decanoic acid 0.2332 mL of manufactured by Kogyo Co., Ltd. and 2.032 mL of pure water were charged.
- the high pressure reactor was then rapidly cooled by charging it into cold water.
- Example 1-1 The formulation and evaluation of each component of Example 1-1 are shown in Table 1, and the image-processed image of the FE-SEM photograph is shown in FIG.
- Example 1-2 to Example 1-16 According to the formulation and treatment conditions of Table 1, particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1, and were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1-1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 1-1 In a 5 mL high pressure reactor (manufactured by AKICO), 0.5 g of strontium hydroxide octahydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 2.355 mL of pure water were charged.
- the high pressure reactor was then rapidly cooled by charging it into cold water.
- Comparative Example 1-2 In a 5 mL high-pressure reactor (manufactured by AKICO), 0.5 g of strontium hydroxide octahydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 0.0896 mL of formic acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 2.265 mL of pure water I was charged.
- the high pressure reactor was then rapidly cooled by charging it into cold water.
- Example 1-17 In a 5 mL high-pressure reactor (manufactured by AKICO), 0.5 g of strontium hydroxide octahydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 0.0896 mL of formic acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), oleic acid (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 0.3737 mL (manufactured by Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and 1.892 mL of aqueous ammonia were charged. The amount of ammonia water was adjusted so that the pH of the reaction system charged above became 10.
- the high pressure reactor was then rapidly cooled by charging it into cold water.
- Example 1-17 The formulation and evaluation of the components of Example 1-17 are shown in Table 2, and the image-processed TEM photograph is shown in FIG. (1) In XDR, it was confirmed that the inorganic compound forming the inorganic particles was SrCO 3 . (2) In FT-IR, CH stretching vibration at 2800 to 3000 cm -1 was confirmed, and the presence of CH bond on the surface of the inorganic particles was confirmed. (4) In TEM, it was confirmed from FIG. 3 that the primary particles had a needle-like shape with a short side length SL of 20 to 100 nm and a longitudinal direction length LL of about 60 to 280 nm. In addition, the aspect ratio of the primary particles was calculated from FIG. 3 and confirmed to be 3 to 14.
- Example 1-18 to Example 1-28 According to the formulation and treatment conditions of Table 2, particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-17, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1-17. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 1-29 In a 5 mL high-pressure reactor (manufactured by AKICO), 0.5 g of strontium carbonate (manufactured by Honjo Chemical Co., Ltd.), 0.2332 mL of decanoic acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 2.122 mL of pure water were charged.
- the high pressure reactor was then rapidly cooled by charging it into cold water.
- Example 3-29 The formulation and evaluation of each component of Example 1-29 are shown in Table 3, and the image-processed image of the FE-SEM photograph is shown in FIG.
- Example 1-30 to Example 1-46 According to the formulation and treatment conditions of Table 3, particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-29, and were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1-29. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the high pressure reactor was then rapidly cooled by charging it into cold water.
- reaction product is recovered using ethanol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), centrifuged at 12000 G for 10 minutes in a centrifuge (trade name: MX-301, manufactured by Tomy Seiko Co., Ltd.), and then precipitated. The material was separated from the supernatant and dried to obtain particles.
- Example 1-47 In a 5 mL high-pressure reactor (manufactured by AKICO), 0.5 g of strontium carbonate (manufactured by Honjo Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 3.5 mL of oleic acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were charged.
- the high pressure reactor was shaken for 15 minutes while heating to 250 ° C. in a shaking type heating furnace (manufactured by AKICO).
- the high pressure reactor was rapidly cooled by pouring into cold water.
- Example 1-47 The formulation and evaluation of each component of Example 1-47 are shown in Table 4, and the image-processed image of the FE-SEM photograph is shown in FIG.
- Example 1-48 to Example 1-54 According to the formulation and treatment conditions of Table 4, particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-47, and were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1-47. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 1-55 Synthesis Example 1-1 (Synthesis of titanium complex) In a 500 mL beaker, 100 mL of 30% by volume hydrogen peroxide water and 25 mL of 25 wt% ammonia were added under ice cooling. Further, 1.5 g of titanium powder was added to them and stirred for 3 hours under ice-cooling until completely dissolved. Next, 15.5 g of 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid dissolved in 25 mL of ethanol was added and stirred. After all the components were dissolved, the stirring was stopped and left standing for a whole day and night. Thereafter, the resultant was dried in a dryer at 75 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a water-soluble titanium complex (2-hydroxyoctanoic acid titanate).
- the high pressure reactor was then rapidly cooled by charging it into cold water.
- Example 1-55 The formulation and evaluation of the components of Example 1-55 are shown in Table 5, and the image-processed TEM photograph is shown in FIG.
- the inorganic compound forming the inorganic particles was magnesium titanate.
- FT-IR CH stretching vibration at 2800 to 3000 cm -1 was confirmed, and the presence of CH bond on the surface of the inorganic particles was confirmed.
- Comparative Example 1-4 In a 5 mL high-pressure reactor (manufactured by AKICO), 0.0612 g of magnesium hydroxide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 0.5 g of a titanium complex (Synthesis example 1-1) and 2.617 mL of pure water were charged.
- the high pressure reactor was then rapidly cooled by charging it into cold water.
- ethanol manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- MX-301 manufactured by Tomy Seiko Co., Ltd.
- Comparative Example 1-5 and Comparative Example 1-6 Based on the formulation and treatment conditions of Table 5, particles were obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1-4, and were evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1-4. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 1-56 In a 50 mL screw tube, 0.1 g of the particles obtained in Example 1-26 and 30 g of chloroform were charged.
- Example 1-56 The formulation and evaluation of each component of Example 1-56 are shown in Table 5, and the image-processed image of the FE-SEM photograph is shown in FIG.
- Example 1-1 (Preparation of particle dispersion)
- 0.1 g of the particles obtained in Example 1-48 and 10 g of cyclohexane were charged and stirred with a spatula to prepare a particle dispersion in which the particles are dispersed in cyclohexane.
- the obtained particle size distribution is shown in FIG.
- the particle size distribution of FIG. 10 matches the particle size distribution of Example 1-48 (that is, the particle size calculated from the latitudinal length SL and the longitudinal length LL, the average particle size is 400 ⁇ m).
- Example 1-1 to Example 1-47, Example 1-49 to Example 1-56 and Comparative Example 1-2 to Comparative Example 1-6 are treated in the same manner as described above. A particle dispersion was prepared. Then, (5) particle diameter measurement was evaluated about them.
- the particles are primary particles in cyclohexane or chloroform. It was distributed.
- the particles are aggregated with each other in cyclohexane or chloroform by the particle size distribution measurement, and secondary particles (average particle size 0 .8 ⁇ m or more) was confirmed.
- Example 1-1 (Production of resin molded product) In a 100 mL screw tube bottle, 0.5 g of the particles obtained in Example 1-36 and 4.5 g of chloroform are charged and stirred with a spatula to prepare a particle dispersion A in which the particles are dispersed in chloroform. did.
- the particle-containing resin composition was prepared, and the particle-containing resin liquid was dried at 50 ° C. for 1 hour with a drier to remove chloroform, thereby obtaining a particle-dispersed resin composition.
- the obtained particle-dispersed resin composition was poured into a die having a diameter of 10 mm and a depth of 5 mm, and then molded by a vacuum press under the conditions 200 ° C. and 60 MPa to produce a resin molded body.
- This resin molded product was observed in cross section by (3) a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM).
- FIG. 1 An image-processed FE-SEM photograph of a cross section of a resin molded product in which the particles of Example 1-36 are dispersed is shown in FIG.
- Example 1-1 to Example 1-35 Example 1-37 to Example 1-42, Example 1-47 to Example 1-56, and Comparative Example 1-2 to Comparative Example 1-6.
- FE-SEM field emission scanning electron microscope
- FIG. 1 An image-processed FE-SEM photograph of a cross section of a resin molded product in which the particles of Comparative Example 1-2 are dispersed is shown in FIG.
- Example 1-1 to Example 1-35 As a result, for resin molded articles produced from the particles of Example 1-1 to Example 1-35, Example 1-37 to Example 1-42, and Example 1-47 to Example 1-56, The particles were uniformly dispersed in primary particles in the polyarylate.
- Production Example 1-2 (Preparation of optical film) In a 100 mL screw tube bottle, 0.1 g of the particles obtained in Example 1-36 and 0.9 g of chloroform are charged, and stirred with a spatula to prepare a particle dispersion B in which the particles are dispersed in chloroform. did.
- the particle dispersion resin solution is applied onto a support plate by spin coating, and then dried at 50 ° C. for 1 hour with a drier to remove chloroform, whereby a coating film comprising the particle dispersion resin composition is obtained. Obtained.
- the obtained coating film was dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to produce an optical film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
- the optical film was observed in cross section by (3) a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM).
- Example 1-1 to Example 1-35 Example 1-37 to Example 1-42, Example 1-47 to Example 1-56, and Comparative Example 1-2 to Comparative Example 1-6.
- An optical film was produced also for the obtained particles in the same manner as described above. Then, they were cross-sectionally observed by (3) a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM).
- FE-SEM field emission scanning electron microscope
- Example 1-1 to Example 1-35 As a result, for the optical films produced from the particles of Example 1-1 to Example 1-35, Example 1-37 to Example 1-42, and Example 1-47 to Example 1-56, however, they were uniformly dispersed in primary particles in the polyarylate.
- X-ray diffractometer D8 DISCOVER with GADDS, Bruker AXS (incident side optical system)
- Spectrometer monochromator
- Multilayer film mirror Collimator diameter 300 ⁇ m (Light receiving side optical system)
- Counter Two-dimensional PSPC (Hi-STAR)
- Measurement time 10 minutes
- Assignment (semi-quantitative software): FPM EVA, manufactured by Bruker AXS ( 2) Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) The Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric measurement of the organic-inorganic composite particles is performed by the KBr method using the following apparatus.
- the solvent used in Preparation Example 2-1 is hexane, and in Preparation Example 2-2, Preparation Example 2-3, Preparation Example 2-5 to Preparation Example 2-7, chloroform is used, and Preparation Example 2-4
- ammonia water having an ammonia concentration of 1% by mass was used.
- TEM Transmission Electron Microscope
- the film is embedded in epoxy resin and cut (cut).
- a particle dispersion (solid content concentration of 1% by mass or less) of organic-inorganic composite particles diluted with a solvent is dropped onto a grid for TEM (collodion film, carbon supporting film) and dried, and then transmitted electron microscope (TEM) H-7650 (manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), and the average particle diameter of the organic-inorganic composite particles is calculated by image analysis. (5) Transparency The transparency of the film is observed visually.
- the high pressure reactor was then rapidly cooled by charging it into cold water.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles obtained above and chloroform are placed in a 50 mL centrifuge tube, and centrifuged at 4000 G for 5 minutes in a centrifuge (trade name: MX-301, manufactured by Tomy Seiko Co., Ltd.) The supernatant and the precipitate were separated (wet classification).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
<第1の実施形態>
:第1の発明群である、粒子、粒子分散液、粒子分散樹脂組成物および樹脂成形体の発明に対応する実施形態
本発明の粒子は、溶媒および/または樹脂中に1次粒子で分散することができ、その1次粒子が、無機粒子の表面に有機基を有している有機無機複合粒子であって、負の複屈折性を有している。
<第2の実施形態>
:第2の発明群である、粒子分散樹脂組成物、粒子分散樹脂成形体およびそれらの製造方法の発明に対応する実施形態
本発明の粒子分散樹脂組成物は、樹脂と有機無機複合粒子とを含んでいる。
<第3の実施形態>
:第3の発明群である、触媒粒子、触媒液、触媒組成物および触媒成形体の発明に対応する実施形態
本発明の触媒粒子は、触媒作用を有する無機粒子と、無機粒子の表面に結合する有機基とを含有している。
(式中、Rは、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、nは、1または2の整数を示す。)
上記式(1)において、Rで示されるアルキル基として、好ましくは、メチル、エチルである。
<第4の実施形態>
:第4の発明群である、樹脂成形体およびその製造方法の発明に対応する実施形態
本発明の樹脂成形体は、樹脂と、有機無機複合粒子とを含有する粒子含有樹脂成形体から、有機無機複合粒子を除去することにより得ることができる。
その低屈折フィルムの波長633nmの光に対する屈折率が、樹脂の波長633nmの光に対する屈折率に対して、例えば、99%以下に低減され、好ましくは、95%以下に低減、さらに好ましくは、90%以下に低減されており、具体的には、例えば、1~3、好ましくは、1.05~2.5、さらに好ましくは、1.1~2である。
<第5の実施形態>
:第5の発明群である、チタン錯体、酸化チタン粒子およびその製造方法の発明に対応する実施形態
本発明のチタン錯体は、中心原子としてチタン原子を含有し、配位子として総炭素数7以上のヒドロキシカルボン酸を含有している。
<第1の発明群に対応する実施例、比較例、調製例および作製例>
第1の発明群に対応する実施例、比較例、調製例および作製例を示し、第1の発明群をさらに具体的に説明するが、第1の発明群は、それらに限定されない。
(1)X線回折法(XRD)
粒子をガラスフォルダーに充填し、下記の条件でX線回折を実施した。その後、得られたピークから、データベース検索による1次粒子成分を帰属する。
(入射側光学系)
・X線源:CuKα(λ=1.542Å)、45kV、360mA
・分光器(モノクロメータ):多層膜ミラー
・コリメータ直径:300μm
(受光側光学系)
・カウンタ:二次元PSPC(Hi-STAR)
・粒子およびカウンタ間距離:15cm
・2θ=20、50、80度、ω=10、25、40度、Phi=0度、Psi=0度
・測定時間:10分
・帰属(半定量ソフトウェア):FPM EVA、Bruker AXS社製
(2)フーリエ変換赤外分光光度法(FT-IR)
下記の装置を用いるKBr法によって、フーリエ変換赤外分光光度測定を実施する。
(3)電解放射型走査型電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM)による観察
(a)粒子の表面観察と、長手方向長さ(最大長さ)LLおよび短手方向長さ(最小長さ)LSの測定
粒子を試料台の上に分散させ、その後、オスミウムコーティングして、サンプルを作製する。次いで、作製したサンプルを下記の電解放射型走査型電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM)によって写真撮影する。
加速電圧:2kV
(b)樹脂成形体(光学フィルムを含む)の断面観察
樹脂成形体(光学フィルムを含む)を、クロスセクションポリッシャー(SM-08010、日本電子社製)によって切削して、サンプルを作製する。その後、作製したサンプルを、オスミウムコーティングし、その断面を下記の電解放射型走査型電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM)にて観察する。
加速電圧:5kV
(4)透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)による観察
粒子を、マイクログリッド支持膜付きCuメッシュの上に分散させ、これを透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)にて観察する。
加速電圧:200kV
(5)粒度分布測定
粒子分散液を、石英セルに入れ、下記の粒度分布測定装置により、粒度分布を測定する。
実施例1-1
5mLの高圧反応器(AKICO社製)に、水酸化ストロンチウム八水和物(和光純薬工業社製)0.5g、蟻酸(和光純薬工業社製)0.0896mL、デカン酸(和光純薬工業社製)0.2332mLおよび純水2.032mLを仕込んだ。
(2)FT-IRでは、2800~3000cm-1のC-H伸縮振動を確認し、無機粒子の表面にC-H結合の存在を確認した。
(3)FE-SEMでは、図1から、1次粒子の短手方向長さSLが0.1~0.5μmであり、長手方向長さLLが0.8~6μm程度の針状形状であることを確認した。また、1次粒子のアスペクト比は、図1より算出して、8~60であることを確認した。
表1の配合処方および処理条件に準拠して、実施例1-1と同様にして、粒子を得、これを、実施例1-1と同様にして、評価した。それらの結果を、表1に示す。
5mLの高圧反応器(AKICO社製)に、水酸化ストロンチウム八水和物(和光純薬工業社製)0.5gおよび純水2.355mLを仕込んだ。
(1)XDRでは、無機粒子を形成する無機化合物がSrCO3であることを確認した。
5mLの高圧反応器(AKICO社製)に、水酸化ストロンチウム八水和物(和光純薬工業社製)0.5g、蟻酸(和光純薬工業社製)0.0896mLおよび純水2.265mLを仕込んだ。
(1)XDRでは、無機粒子を形成する無機化合物がSrCO3であることを確認した。
(2)FT-IRでは、2800~3000cm-1のC-H伸縮振動を確認できなかった。
(3)FE-SEMでは、図2から、1次粒子の短手方向長さSLが200nm~1μmであり、長手方向長さLLが0.8~7.5μm程度の針状形状であることを確認した。また、1次粒子のアスペクト比は、図2より算出して、4~37であることを確認した。
5mLの高圧反応器(AKICO社製)に、水酸化ストロンチウム八水和物(和光純薬工業社製)0.5g、蟻酸(和光純薬工業社製)0.0896mL、オレイン酸(和光純薬工業社製)0.3737mLおよびアンモニア水1.892mLを仕込んだ。なお、アンモニア水の配合量は、上記により仕込まれた反応系のpHが10となるように調整した。
(1)XDRでは、無機粒子を形成する無機化合物がSrCO3であることを確認した。
(2)FT-IRでは、2800~3000cm-1のC-H伸縮振動を確認し、無機粒子の表面にC-H結合の存在を確認した。
(4)TEMでは、図3から、1次粒子の短手方向長さSLが20~100nmであり、長手方向長さLLが60~280nm程度の針状形状であることを確認した。また、1次粒子のアスペクト比は、図3より算出して、3~14であることを確認した。
表2の配合処方および処理条件に準拠して、実施例1-17と同様にして、粒子を得、これを、実施例1-17と同様にして、評価した。それらの結果を、表2に示す。
(2)FT-IRでは、2800~3000cm-1のC-H伸縮振動を確認し、無機粒子の表面にC-H結合の存在を確認した。
(3)FE-SEMでは、図4に示す画像処理図から、1次粒子の短手方向長さSLが140~210nmであり、長手方向長さLLが400nm~1μm程度の針状形状であることを確認した。また、1次粒子のアスペクト比は、図4に示す画像処理図より測定して、3~5であることを確認した。
表3の配合処方および処理条件に準拠して、実施例1-29と同様にして、粒子を得、これを、実施例1-29と同様にして、評価した。それらの結果を、表3に示す。
5mLの高圧反応器(AKICO社製)に、炭酸ストロンチウム(本荘ケミカル社製)0.5gおよび純水2.355mLを仕込んだ。
(1)XDRでは、無機粒子を形成する無機化合物がSrCO3であることを確認した。
(2)FT-IRでは、2800~3000cm-1のC-H伸縮振動を確認できなかった。
(3)FE-SEMでは、図5から、1次粒子の短手方向長さSLが140~210nmであり、長手方向長さLLが400nm~1μm程度の針状形状であることを確認した。また、1次粒子のアスペクト比は、図5より算出して、3~5であることを確認した。
(2)FT-IRでは、2800~3000cm-1のC-H伸縮振動を確認し、無機粒子の表面にC-H結合の存在を確認した。
(3)FE-SEMでは、図6から、1次粒子の短手方向長さSLが140~210nmであり、長手方向長さLSが400nm~1μm程度の針状形状であることを確認した。また、1次粒子のアスペクト比は、図6より算出して、3~5であることを確認した。
表4の配合処方および処理条件に準拠して、実施例1-47と同様にして、粒子を得、これを、実施例1-47と同様にして、評価した。それらの結果を、表4に示す。
(合成例1-1)
(チタン錯体の合成)
500mLのビーカーに、30体積%過酸化水素水100mLと、25重量%アンモニア25mLとを氷冷下で加えた。さらに、それらにチタン粉末1.5gを加え、完全に溶解するまで氷冷下で3時間攪拌した。次に、エタノール25mLに溶解させた2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸15.5gを加え攪拌した。全ての成分が溶解した後、攪拌を止め一昼夜静置した。その後、乾燥機で75℃で3時間乾燥させることにより、水溶性のチタン錯体(2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸チタネート)を得た。
5mLの高圧反応器(AKICO製)に、水酸化マグネシウム(和光純薬工業社製)0.0612g、チタン錯体(合成例1-1)0.5g、デカン酸(和光純薬工業社製)0.5181mLおよび純水2.098mLを仕込んだ。
(2)FT-IRでは、2800~3000cm-1のC-H伸縮振動を確認し、無機粒子の表面にC-H結合の存在を確認した。
(4)TEMでは、図7に示す画像処理図から、1次粒子の短手方向長さSLが10~30nmであり、長手方向長さLLが20~200nm程度の針状形状であることを確認した。また、1次粒子のアスペクト比は、図7に示す画像処理図より測定して、2~20であることを確認した。
5mLの高圧反応器(AKICO製)に、水酸化マグネシウム(和光純薬工業社製)0.0612g、チタン錯体(合成例1-1)0.5gおよび純水を2.617mLを仕込んだ。
(2)FT-IRでは、2800~3000cm-1のC-H伸縮振動を確認し、無機粒子の表面にC-H結合の存在を確認できなかった。
(4)TEMでは、1次粒子の短手方向長さSLが20~30nmであり、長手方向長さLLが30~200nm程度の針状形状であることを確認した。また、1次粒子のアスペクト比は、1.5~10であることを確認した。
表5の配合処方および処理条件に準拠して、比較例1-4と同様にして、粒子を得、これを、比較例1-4と同様にして、評価した。それらの結果を、表5に示す。
50mLのスクリュー管瓶に、実施例1-26で得られた粒子0.1gとクロロホルム30gとを仕込んだ。
(2)FT-IRでは、2800~3000cm-1のC-H伸縮振動を確認し、無機粒子の表面にC-H結合の存在を確認した。
(3)FE-SEMでは、図9から、1次粒子の短手方向長さSLが20~50nmであり、長手方向長さLLが30~200nm程度の針状形状であり、実施例1-26の粒子(湿式分級前の粒子)の大きさより小さくなっていることを確認した。また、1次粒子のアスペクト比は、図9より算出して、1.5~10であることを確認した。
(粒子分散液の調製)
50mLのスクリュー管瓶に、実施例1-48で得られた粒子0.1gおよびシクロヘキサン10gを仕込み、スパーテルで攪拌することにより、粒子がシクロヘキサン中に分散されている粒子分散液を調製した。
(樹脂成形体の作製)
100mLのスクリュー管瓶に、実施例1-36で得られた粒子0.5gおよびクロロホルム4.5gを仕込み、スパーテルで攪拌することにより、粒子がクロロホルム中に分散されている粒子分散液Aを調製した。
(光学フィルムの作製)
100mLのスクリュー管瓶に、実施例1-36で得られた粒子0.1gおよびクロロホルム0.9gを仕込み、スパーテルで攪拌することにより、粒子がクロロホルム中に分散されている粒子分散液Bを調製した。
<第2の発明群に対応する調製例および実施例>
調製例および実施例を示し、第2の発明群をさらに具体的に説明するが、第2の発明群は、それらに限定されない。
(1)X線回折法(XRD)
有機無機複合粒子をガラスフォルダーにそれぞれ充填し、下記の条件でX線回折をそれぞれ実施した。その後、得られたピークから、データベース検索によって無機物の成分を帰属する。
(入射側光学系)
・X線源:CuKα(λ=1.542Å)、45kV、360mA
・分光器(モノクロメータ):多層膜ミラー
・コリメータ直径:300μm
(受光側光学系)
・カウンタ:二次元PSPC(Hi-STAR)
・有機無機複合粒子およびカウンタ間距離:15cm
・2θ=20、50、80度、ω=10、25、40度、Phi=0度、Psi=0度
・測定時間:10分
・帰属(半定量ソフトウェア):FPM EVA、Bruker AXS社製
(2)フーリエ変換赤外分光光度法(FT-IR)
下記の装置を用いるKBr法によって、有機無機複合粒子のフーリエ変換赤外分光光度測定を実施する。
(3)動的光散乱法(DLS)による平均粒子径の測定
有機無機複合粒子を溶媒に分散させてサンプル(固形分濃度1質量%以下)を調製し、サンプルにおける有機無機複合粒子の平均粒子径を動的光散乱光度計(型番「ZEN3600」:シスメックス社製)にて測定する。
(4)透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)による観察
フィルムを切断し、切断面を透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM、H-7650、日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)にて観察して、有機無機複合粒子の分散状態を観察する。
(5)透明性
フィルムの透明性を目視により観察する。
調製例2-1
5mLの高圧反応器(AKICO社製)に、無機物としての水酸化セリウム(Ce(OH)4:和光純薬工業社製)と、有機化合物としてのデカン酸およびヘキサン酸と、水とを、表6に記載の配合量で仕込んだ。
表6の記載に準拠して、無機物、有機化合物および水の配合処方を変更した以外は、調製例2-1と同様にして、有機無機複合粒子を調製し、続いて、これを湿式分級した。
実施例2-1
ポリエーテルイミド樹脂(型番:ウルテム1000、SABICイノベーティブプラスチックジャパン社製)とクロロホルムとを配合して、固形分濃度10質量%の樹脂溶液を調製した。
表7の記載に準拠して、樹脂溶液および粒子分散液の配合処方を変更した以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして、フィルムを作製した。
ポリエーテルイミド樹脂:「ウルテム1000」、SABICイノベーティブプラスチックジャパン社製
熱可塑性フッ素系ポリイミド樹脂:特開2003-315541号公報の実施例1の熱可塑性フッ素系ポリイミド樹脂
ポリアリレート:特開2009-80440号公報の実施例4のポリアリレート樹脂
ポリビニルアルコール樹脂:「JCー40」、日本酢ビ・ポバール社製
<第3の発明群に対応する調製例、実施例、比較例など>
以下に調製例、実施例、比較例を示し、本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明は、それらに限定されない。
<評価方法>
(1)X線回折法(XRD)
触媒粒子をガラスフォルダーにそれぞれ充填し、下記の条件でX線回折をそれぞれ実施した。その後、得られたピークから、データベース検索によって無機化合物の成分を帰属した。
(入射側光学系)
・X線源:CuKα(λ=1.542Å)、45kV、360mA
・分光器(モノクロメータ):多層膜ミラー
・コリメータ直径:300μm
(受光側光学系)
・カウンタ:二次元PSPC(Hi-STAR)
・触媒粒子およびカウンタ間距離:15cm
・2θ=20、50、80度、ω=10、25、40度、Phi=0度、Psi=0度
・測定時間:10分
・帰属(半定量ソフトウェア):FPM EVA、Bruker AXS社製
(2)フーリエ変換赤外分光光度法(FT-IR)
下記の装置を用いるKBr法によって、触媒粒子のフーリエ変換赤外分光光度測定を実施した。
(3)平均粒子径の測定
A. DLS(動的光散乱法)
触媒粒子を溶媒に分散させてサンプル(触媒液、固形分濃度1質量%以下)を調製し、サンプルにおける触媒粒子の平均粒子径を動的光散乱光度計(型番「ZEN3600」:シスメックス社製)にて測定した。
B. SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)
触媒液を試料台上に滴下乾燥し、走査型電子顕微鏡(S-4800、日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製、または、JSM-7001F、日本電子社製)にて観察して、触媒粒子の平均粒子径を観察した。
C. TEM(透過型電子顕微鏡)
TEM用グリッド(コロジオン膜、カーボン支持膜)上に溶媒で希釈したサンプル(触媒液、固形分濃度1質量%以下)を滴下して、乾燥し、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM、H-7650、日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)にて触媒粒子を観察するとともに、画像解析によって、触媒粒子の平均粒子径を算出した。
D. XRD
上記(1)XRDにおいて、得られたデータを、下記のシェラーの式(2)に代入することにより、触媒粒子の平均粒子径を算出した。
(式中、Dが結晶粒子径の平均粒子径、Kがシェラー定数、λがX線管球の波長、βが半値幅、θが回折角を示す。)
(4)触媒作用の評価
A.実施例3-1~実施例3-78および比較例3-1~比較例3-5
ローダミンB(Rhordamine B、分子量 479.01)の0.01質量%(0.02m mol/L)水溶液を調製した。
1mol/Lのアセトアルデヒド水溶液を調製した。
(5)樹脂劣化の評価
触媒粒子が分散された白色のフィルム(後述)を乾燥機で80℃、1時間加熱した。その後、フィルムに、ブラックライト(波長365nmの紫外線)を照度1mW/cm2で、24時間、照射した。
調製例3-1
(配位子が2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸であるチタン錯体の調製)
500mLのビーカーに、30体積%過酸化水素水100mLと、25重量%アンモニア25mLとを氷冷下で加えた。さらに、それらにチタン粉末1.5gを加え、完全に溶解するまで氷冷下で3時間攪拌した。次に、エタノール25mLに溶解させた2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸15.5gを加え攪拌した。全ての成分が溶解した後、攪拌を止め一昼夜静置した。その後、乾燥機で75℃で3時間乾燥させることにより、水溶性のチタン錯体を得た。
(配位子がグリコール酸であるチタン錯体の調製)
2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸15.5gに代えて、グリコール酸3.6gを加えた以外は、調製例3-1と同様に処理して、水溶性のチタン錯体を得た。
(配位子がクエン酸であるチタン錯体の調製)
2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸15.5gに代えて、クエン酸9.1gを加えた以外は、調製例3-1と同様に処理して、水溶性のチタン錯体を得た。
(配位子がリンゴ酸であるチタン錯体の調製)
2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸15.5gに代えて、リンゴ酸6.3gを加えた以外は、調製例3-1と同様に処理して、水溶性のチタン錯体を得た。
実施例3-1~実施例3-83および比較例3-1~比較例3-13
表8~16に記載の処方に従って、各成分(無機物および/または錯体、有機化合物、pH調整剤および水)を、5mLの高圧反応器(AKICO社製)に仕込んだ。
<触媒成形体の作成>
ポリアリレート(特開2009-80440号公報の実施例4のポリアリレート樹脂)とクロロホルムとを配合して、それらを均一に混合することにより、固形分濃度10質量%の樹脂溶液を調製した。
実施例3-3および実施例3-30のTiO2:平均粒子径9nm、商品名「SSP-25」、堺化学工業社製
実施例3-4および実施例3-5のTiO2:短径5~15nm、長径30~90nm、商品名「TTO-V-3」、石原産業社製
実施例3-6のTiO2:平均粒子径30~50nm、「TTO-55(A)」、石原産業社製
実施例3-7のTiO2:平均粒子径10~30nm、TTO-51(A)、石原産業社製
(1)X線回折法(XRD)
有機無機複合粒子をガラスフォルダーにそれぞれ充填し、下記の条件でX線回折をそれぞれ実施した。その後、得られたピークから、データベース検索によって無機物の成分を帰属した。
(入射側光学系)
・X線源:CuKα(λ=1.542Å)、45kV、360mA
・分光器(モノクロメータ):多層膜ミラー
・コリメータ直径:300μm
(受光側光学系)
・カウンタ:二次元PSPC(Hi-STAR)
・有機無機複合粒子およびカウンタ間距離:15cm
・2θ=20、50、80度、ω=10、25、40度、Phi=0度、Psi=0度
・測定時間:10分
・帰属(半定量ソフトウェア):FPM EVA、Bruker AXS社製
(2)フーリエ変換赤外分光光度法(FT-IR)
下記の装置を用いるKBr法によって、有機無機複合粒子のフーリエ変換赤外分光光度測定を実施した。
(3)動的光散乱法(DLS)による平均粒子径の測定
有機無機複合粒子を溶媒に分散させて粒子分散液(固形分濃度1質量%以下)を調製し、粒子分散液における有機無機複合粒子の平均粒子径を動的光散乱光度計(型番「ZEN3600」:シスメックス社製)にて測定した。
(4)透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)による観察
フィルム(抽出前のフィルム(粒子含有樹脂成形体))を切断し、切断面を透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM、H-7650、日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)にて観察して、フィルム中の有機無機複合粒子の分散状態を観察した。
(5)光学顕微鏡による観察
上記したTEMによる観察と同様にして、光学顕微鏡によって、フィルム中の有機無機複合粒子の分散状態を観察した。
(6)透明性
多孔質フィルムの透明性を目視により観察して評価した。
(7)屈折率
プリズムカプラー(SPA-4000、SAIRON TECNOLOGY社製)を用いて多孔質フィルムの屈折率を測定した。
(8)反射率
日立分光光度計 U-4100(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)を用いて多孔質フィルムの反射率(波長550nm)を測定した。
(8)誘電率
TR-100型誘電体損自動測定装置(安藤電気社製)を用いて多孔質フィルムの誘電率を測定した。誘電率は、周波数1MHzで測定した。
(10)破断伸び
引張試験機(商品名、STM-T-50BP、東洋ボールドウィン社製)を用いて多孔質フィルムの破断伸びを測定した。
調製例4-1
5mLの高圧反応器(AKICO社製)に、無機原料としての水酸化セリウム(Ce(OH)4:和光純薬工業社製)と、有機化合物としてのデカン酸およびヘキサン酸と、水とを、表17に記載の配合量で仕込んだ。
*1:XRDにて組成を確認した。
*2:有機基をFT-IRにて確認した。
*3:平均粒子径をTEMにて測定した。但し、括弧内の数値は、DLSにて測定した結果を示す。
表17の記載に準拠して、無機原料、有機化合物および水(あるいはpH調整水溶液)の配合処方(配合量)を変更した以外は、調製例4-1と同様にして、有機無機複合粒子を調製し、続いて、洗浄および湿式分級した。
未処理の(つまり、高温処理していない)無機粒子を、比較調製例4-1~比較調製例4-6の無機粒子として用意し、後述する比較例4-1~比較例4-12の無機粒子として供した(表20参照)。
実施例4-1
ポリエーテルイミド樹脂(型番:ウルテム1000、SABICイノベーティブプラスチックジャパン社製)とクロロホルムとを配合して、固形分濃度10質量%の樹脂溶液を調製した。
表18~表20の記載に準拠して、樹脂溶液および粒子分散液の配合処方を変更した以外は、実施例4-1と同様にして、フィルムを作製し、続いて、表18~表20の記載に準拠して、有機無機複合粒子を抽出することにより、多孔質フィルムを得た。
<樹脂>
ポリエーテルイミド樹脂:「ウルテム1000」、屈折率(波長633nm):1.63、反射率(波長550nm):7%、誘電率:3.2、SABICイノベーティブプラスチックジャパン社製
熱可塑性フッ素系ポリイミド樹脂:特開2003-315541号公報の実施例1の熱可塑性フッ素系ポリイミド樹脂、屈折率(波長633nm):1.52、反射率(波長550nm):5%、誘電率:2.8
ポリアリレート:特開2009-80440号公報の実施例4のポリアリレート樹脂、屈折率(波長633nm):1.49、反射率(波長550nm):5%、誘電率:3.0<無機粒子(比較例調製例4-1~比較例調製例4-6)>
CeO2:比較調製例4-1、平均粒子径200nm、高純度化学研究所社製
ZnO:比較調製例4-2、平均粒子径200nm、堺化学工業社製
TiO2:比較調製例4-3、商品名「SSP-25」、平均粒子径9nm、堺化学工業社製
SrCO3:比較調製例4-4、平均粒子径200nm、本荘ケミカル社製
BaSO4:比較調製例4-5、商品名「BF40」、平均粒子径10nm、堺化学工業社製
Al2O3:比較調製例4-6、商品名「AEROXIDO@AluC」、平均粒子径15nm、日本アエロジル社製
<特記事項(*4~*9)>
*4:固形分濃度10質量%の粒子分散クロロホルム液として調製。数値は、固形分質量部数。
*5:固形分濃度10質量%の樹脂溶液として調製。数値は、固形分質量部数。
*6:1mol/L(6.3重量%)硝酸水溶液50質量部と、エタノール50部とを混合することにより調製した、濃度3.2質量%の硝酸エタノール溶液。
*7:計算により算出した屈折率であり、表面の屈折率が1.39であり、内部の屈折率が1.49であることを示す。
*8:計算により算出した屈折率であり、露出面の屈折率が1.41であり、基材側面の屈折率が1.49であることを示す。
*9:TEMまたは光学顕微鏡の写真から判断した。
*10:目視で以下の基準で判断した。
*11:以下の基準で破断伸びを評価した。
<第5の発明群に対応する実施例および比較例>
以下に実施例および比較例を示し、第5の発明群をさらに具体的に説明するが、第5の発明群は、それらに限定されない。
<評価方法>
(1)MALDI-TOF MS測定
(測定装置)
・BRUKER DALTONICS社製 autoflex
(測定条件)
・レーザー光源:N2レーザー(波長:337nm)
・測定モード:リフレクターモード、ネガティブイオンモード
・測定質量範囲(m/z):20~3000
・積算回数:1500回
・マトリックス:Meso-tetrakis-(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin
<チタン錯体の調製>
実施例5-1
(配位子が2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸であるチタン錯体の調製)
500mLのビーカーに、30体積%過酸化水素水100mL(和光純薬工業社製)と、25質量%アンモニア水(和光純薬工業社製)25mLとを氷冷下で混合した。そして、それらにチタン粒子(和光純薬工業社製)1.5gを加え、完全に溶解するまで氷冷下で3時間攪拌した。次に、エタノール50mLに溶解させた2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸15.5g(チタン粒子:2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸=1:1.5(モル比))を加え攪拌した。全ての成分が溶解した後、攪拌を止め一昼夜静置した。その後、乾燥機において75℃で3時間乾燥させることにより、水溶性のチタン錯体を得た。
(配位子が3-ヒドロキシデカン酸であるチタン錯体の調製)
2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸15.5gに代えて、3-ヒドロキシデカン酸18.2g(チタン粒子:3-ヒドロキシデカン酸=1:1.5(モル比))を加えた以外は、実施例5-1と同様に処理して、水溶性のチタン錯体を得た。
(配位子がリンゴ酸であるチタン錯体の調製)
2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸15.5gに代えて、リンゴ酸13.0g(チタン粒子:リンゴ酸=1:1.5(モル比))を加えた以外は、実施例5-1と同様に処理して、水溶性のチタン錯体を得た。
(配位子がグリコール酸であるチタン錯体の調製)
2-ヒドロキシオクタン酸15.5gに代えて、グリコール酸7.2g(チタン粒子:グリコール酸=1:1.5(モル比))を加えた以外は、実施例5-1と同様に処理して、水溶性のチタン錯体を得た。
実施例5-3
5mLの高圧反応器(AKICO社製)に、実施例5-1で調製したチタン錯体0.5gと水2.3gとを仕込んだ。次いで、高圧反応器の蓋を締め、振とう式加熱炉(AKICO社製)にて、チタン錯体と水とを、400℃、40MPa下において10分間処理した。その後、高圧反応器を冷水中に投入することによって、急速冷却した。
実施例5-1で調製したチタン錯体に代えて、実施例5-2で調製したチタン錯体を用いた以外は、実施例5-3と同様にして、淡黄白色のルチル型の酸化チタン粒子(TiO2)を得た。
実施例5-1で調製したチタン錯体に代えて、比較例5-1で調製したチタン錯体を用いた以外は、実施例5-3と同様にして、茶色の酸化チタン粒子(TiO2)を得た。
実施例5-1で調製したチタン錯体に代えて、実施例5-4で調製したチタン錯体を用いた以外は、実施例5-3と同様にして、茶色の酸化チタン粒子(TiO2)を得た。
実施例5-1で調製したチタン錯体に代えて、チタンぺロキソクエン酸アンモニウム四水和物(商品名:TAS-FINE、フルウチ化学株式会社)を用いた以外は、実施例5-3と同様にして、茶色の酸化チタン粒子(TiO2)を得た。
Claims (64)
- 溶媒および/または樹脂中に1次粒子で分散することができ、
前記1次粒子が、無機粒子の表面に有機基を有している有機無機複合粒子であって、
負の複屈折性を有することを特徴とする、粒子。 - 前記無機粒子が、アルカリ土類金属を含む炭酸塩および/またはアルカリ土類金属を含む複合酸化物からなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の粒子。
- 前記1次粒子は、前記無機粒子が有機化合物により表面処理されることにより得られ、
前記有機化合物は、
前記無機粒子の表面と結合可能な結合基と、
前記有機基である疎水基および/または親水基と
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の粒子。 - アスペクト比が、1000以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の粒子。
- 最大長さが、200μm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の粒子。
- 水熱合成により得られることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の粒子。
- 前記無機粒子を形成する無機化合物と、前記有機化合物とを水熱合成させることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の粒子。
- アルカリ土類金属を含む金属水酸化物と、炭酸源と、前記有機化合物とを水熱合成させることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の粒子。
- 前記炭酸源が、蟻酸および/または尿素であることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の粒子。
- アルカリ土類金属を含む金属水酸化物と、金属錯体と、前記有機化合物とを水熱合成させることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の粒子。
- pH調整剤の存在下で、水熱合成させることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の粒子。
- 前記有機基を含む有機化合物中で、前記無機粒子を形成する無機化合物を高温処理することにより得られることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の粒子。
- 前記溶媒によって湿式分級されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の粒子。
- 溶媒と、
前記溶媒に、1次粒子で分散されている粒子と
を含み、
前記粒子は、無機粒子の表面に有機基を有している有機無機複合粒子であって、
負の複屈折性を有することを特徴とする、粒子分散液。 - 樹脂と、
前記樹脂に、1次粒子で分散されている粒子と
を含み、
前記粒子は、無機粒子の表面に有機基を有している有機無機複合粒子であって、
負の複屈折性を有することを特徴とする、粒子分散樹脂組成物。 - 樹脂と、
前記樹脂に、1次粒子で分散されている粒子と
を含む粒子分散樹脂組成物から形成され、
前記粒子は、無機粒子の表面に有機基を有している有機無機複合粒子であって、
負の複屈折性を有することを特徴とする、樹脂成形体。 - 光学フィルムであることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 樹脂と、
無機粒子の表面に有機基を有する有機無機複合粒子とを含み、
前記有機無機複合粒子は、前記有機基の立体障害により、前記無機粒子が互いに接触しない形状を少なくとも有しており、樹脂中に1次粒子として分散されていることを特徴とする、粒子分散樹脂組成物。 - 前記樹脂は、官能基を有し、
前記有機基と前記官能基とは、ともに親水基を有するか、あるいは、ともに疎水基を有することを特徴とする、請求項18に記載の粒子分散樹脂組成物。 - 前記樹脂が、高配向性樹脂を含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項18に記載の粒子分散樹脂組成物。
- 前記有機基が、複数の同族の有機基を含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項18に記載の粒子分散樹脂組成物。
- 前記有機基が、複数の異なる族の有機基を含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項18に記載の粒子分散樹脂組成物。
- 樹脂と、
無機粒子の表面に有機基を有する有機無機複合粒子と
を含む粒子分散樹脂組成物から成形され、
前記有機無機複合粒子は、前記有機基の立体障害により、前記無機粒子が互いに接触しない形状を少なくとも有しており、樹脂中に1次粒子として分散されていることを特徴とする、粒子分散樹脂成形体。 - 樹脂と、
無機粒子の表面に有機基を有する有機無機複合粒子とを、
前記有機無機複合粒子が、前記有機基の立体障害により、樹脂中に1次粒子として分散されるように、配合することを特徴とする、粒子分散樹脂組成物の製造方法。 - 前記有機無機複合粒子が、高温の溶媒中で製造されていることを特徴とする、請求項24に記載の粒子分散樹脂組成物の製造方法。
- 前記有機無機複合粒子が、高温高圧の水中で製造されていることを特徴とする、請求項24に記載の粒子分散樹脂組成物の製造方法。
- 樹脂と、無機粒子の表面に有機基を有する有機無機複合粒子とを、前記有機無機複合粒子が、前記有機基の立体障害により、樹脂中に1次粒子として分散されるように、配合することにより得られる粒子分散樹脂組成物から粒子分散樹脂成形体を成形することを特徴とする、粒子分散樹脂成形体の製造方法。
- 触媒作用を有する無機粒子と、
前記無機粒子の表面に結合する有機基とを含有し、
前記有機基の立体障害により、前記無機粒子が互いに接触しない形状を有していることを特徴とする、触媒粒子。 - 気体および/または液体に対して触媒作用を有することを特徴とする、請求項28に記載の触媒粒子。
- 気体および/または液体に対して光触媒作用を有することを特徴とする、請求項28に記載の触媒粒子。
- 溶媒および/または樹脂中に1次粒子で分散することを特徴とする、請求項28に記載の触媒粒子。
- 互いに異なる複数種類の前記有機基を含有することを特徴とする、請求項28に記載の触媒粒子。
- 前記有機基は、結合基を介して前記無機粒子の表面に結合しており、
前記結合基が、リン酸基および/またはリン酸エステル基を含有していることを特徴とする、請求項28に記載の触媒粒子。 - 前記無機粒子が、酸化物を含有することを特徴とする、請求項28に記載の触媒粒子。
- 前記無機粒子が、TiO2、WO3およびSrTiO3からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の酸化物を含有することを特徴とする、請求項28に記載の触媒粒子。
- 前記無機粒子が、Pt、Pd、Cu、CuO、RuO2およびNiOからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の無機物をさらに含有することを特徴とする、請求項35に記載の触媒粒子。
- 最大長さの平均値が、450nm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項28に記載の触媒粒子。
- 無機物および/またはその錯体を、前記有機基を含む有機化合物により表面処理することにより得られることを特徴とする、請求項28に記載の触媒粒子。
- 前記無機物および/または前記錯体を、高温高圧の水中下、前記有機化合物で表面処理することを特徴とする、請求項38に記載の触媒粒子。
- 前記無機物および/または前記錯体を、高温の前記有機化合物中で表面処理することを特徴とする、請求項38に記載の触媒粒子。
- 溶媒と、
前記溶媒に分散される触媒粒子と
を含み、
前記触媒粒子は、
触媒作用を有する無機粒子と、
前記無機粒子の表面に結合する有機基とを含有しており、
前記触媒粒子は、前記有機基の立体障害により、前記無機粒子が互いに接触しない形状を有していることを特徴とする、触媒液。 - 樹脂と、
前記樹脂に分散される触媒粒子と
を含み、
前記触媒粒子は、
触媒作用を有する無機粒子と、
前記無機粒子の表面に結合する有機基とを含有しており、
前記触媒粒子は、前記有機基の立体障害により、前記無機粒子が互いに接触しない形状を有していることを特徴とする、触媒組成物。 - 樹脂と、
前記樹脂に分散される触媒粒子と
を含む触媒組成物から形成され、
前記触媒粒子は、
触媒作用を有する無機粒子と、
前記無機粒子の表面に結合する有機基とを含有しており、
前記触媒粒子は、前記有機基の立体障害により、前記無機粒子が互いに接触しない形状を有していることを特徴とする、触媒成形体。 - 光学フィルムであることを特徴とする、請求項43に記載の触媒成形体。
- 樹脂と、
無機粒子と、前記無機粒子の表面に結合する有機基とを含有し、前記の立体障害により、前記無機粒子が互いに接触しない形状を有している有機無機複合粒子と
を含有する粒子含有樹脂成形体から、前記有機無機複合粒子を除去することにより形成される微細孔を有する
ことを特徴とする、樹脂成形体。 - 前記有機無機複合粒子の最大長さの平均値が、400nm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項45に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 前記粒子含有樹脂成形体において、前記有機無機複合粒子が、前記樹脂中に1次粒子で分散している
ことを特徴とする、請求項45に記載の樹脂成形体。 - 前記粒子含有樹脂成形体は、
前記樹脂からなる樹脂相、および、
前記有機無機複合粒子からなり、前記樹脂相から相分離する粒子相
から形成される相分離構造を有する
ことを特徴とする、請求項45に記載の樹脂成形体。 - 前記相分離構造は、前記粒子相が三次元的に連続する共連続相分離構造であることを特徴とする、請求項48に樹脂成形体。
- 前記有機無機複合粒子が部分的に残存していることを特徴とする、請求項45に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 前記有機無機複合粒子の残存率が、前記樹脂成形体の一方に向かうに従って高いことを特徴とする、請求項50に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 前記有機基は、互いに異なる複数の有機基を含有することを特徴とする、請求項45に記載の樹脂成形体。
- 無機粒子と、前記無機粒子の表面に結合する有機基とを含有し、前記有機基の立体障害により、前記無機粒子が互いに接触しない形状を有している有機無機複合粒子を調製する工程、
前記有機無機複合粒子と樹脂とを配合して、粒子含有樹脂組成物を調製して、前記粒子含有樹脂組成物から粒子含有樹脂成形体を形成する工程、および、
前記粒子含有樹脂成形体から、前記有機無機複合粒子を除去することにより形成される微細孔を形成する工程
を備えることを特徴とする、樹脂成形体の製造方法。 - 前記有機無機複合粒子を調製する工程では、
無機原料を、高温高圧の水中下、有機化合物で表面処理する
ことを特徴とする、請求項53に記載の樹脂成形体の製造方法。 - 前記有機無機複合粒子を調製する工程では、
無機原料を、高温の有機化合物中で表面処理することを特徴とする、請求項53に記載の樹脂成形体の製造方法。 - チタン原子を中心原子として含有し、
総炭素数7以上のヒドロキシカルボン酸を配位子として含有することを特徴とする、チタン錯体。 - 前記ヒドロキシカルボン酸は、総炭素数7以上のヒドロキシアルカン酸であることを特徴とする、請求項56に記載のチタン錯体。
- 前記ヒドロキシアルカン酸は、直鎖状であることを特徴とする、請求項57に記載のチタン錯体。
- 前記ヒドロキシカルボン酸は、ヒドロキシモノカルボン酸であることを特徴とする、請求項56に記載のチタン錯体。
- 前記ヒドロキシカルボン酸は、モノヒドロキシカルボン酸であることを特徴とする、請求項56に記載のチタン錯体。
- 前記ヒドロキシカルボン酸の総炭素数が、13以下であることを特徴とする、請求項56に記載のチタン錯体。
- 前記ヒドロキシカルボン酸が、2-ヒドロキシカルボン酸および/または3-ヒドロキシカルボン酸であることを特徴とする、請求項56に記載のチタン錯体。
- チタン原子を中心原子として含有し、かつ、総炭素数7以上のヒドロキシカルボン酸を配位子として含有するチタン錯体を、高温高圧の水中下において、処理することにより得られることを特徴とする、酸化チタン粒子。
- チタン原子を中心原子として含有し、かつ、総炭素数7以上のヒドロキシカルボン酸を配位子として含有するチタン錯体を、高温高圧の水中下において、処理することを特徴とする、酸化チタン粒子の製造方法。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/640,911 US20130109770A1 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2011-04-11 | Particles, particle dispersion, particle-dispersed resin composition, producing method therefor, resin molded article, producing method therefor, catalyst particles, catalyst solution, catalyst composition, catalyst molded article, titanium complex, titanium oxide particles and producing method therefor |
KR1020127026571A KR20130040820A (ko) | 2010-04-12 | 2011-04-11 | 입자, 입자 분산액, 입자 분산 수지 조성물, 그의 제조 방법, 수지 성형체, 그의 제조 방법, 촉매 입자, 촉매 액, 촉매 조성물, 촉매 성형체, 티탄 착체, 산화 티탄 입자 및 그의 제조 방법 |
CN201180017265.7A CN102822098B (zh) | 2010-04-12 | 2011-04-11 | 粒子、粒子分散液、粒子分散树脂组合物、其制造方法、树脂成形体、其制造方法、催化剂粒子、催化剂液、催化剂组合物、催化剂成形体、钛络合物、氧化钛粒子及其制造方法 |
US14/535,478 US20150065340A1 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2014-11-07 | Particles, particle dispersion, particle-dispersed resin composition, producing method therefor, resin molded article, producing method therefor, catalyst particles, catalyst solution, catalyst composition, catalyst molded article, titanium complex, titanium oxide particles and producing method therefor |
US15/097,400 US20160222194A1 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2016-04-13 | Particles, particle dispersion, particle-dispersed resin composition, producing method therefor, resin molded article, producing method therefor, catalyst particles, catalyst solution, catalyst composition, catalyst molded article, titanium complex, titanium oxide particles and producing method therefor |
US15/466,279 US10265693B2 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2017-03-22 | Particles, particle dispersion, particle-dispersed resin composition, producing method therefor, resin molded article, producing method therefor, catalyst particles, catalyst solution, catalyst composition, catalyst molded article, titanium complex, titanium oxide particles and producing method therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010091577 | 2010-04-12 | ||
JP2010-091577 | 2010-04-12 | ||
JP2010172310A JP5612953B2 (ja) | 2010-04-12 | 2010-07-30 | 粒子、粒子分散液、粒子分散樹脂組成物および樹脂成形体 |
JP2010-172309 | 2010-07-30 | ||
JP2010172309A JP6058250B2 (ja) | 2010-04-12 | 2010-07-30 | 粒子分散樹脂組成物、粒子分散樹脂成形体およびそれらの製造方法 |
JP2010-172310 | 2010-07-30 | ||
JP2011-086371 | 2011-04-08 | ||
JP2011-086803 | 2011-04-08 | ||
JP2011-086701 | 2011-04-08 | ||
JP2011086701A JP2011235280A (ja) | 2010-04-12 | 2011-04-08 | 触媒粒子、触媒液、触媒組成物および触媒成形体 |
JP2011086371A JP5881306B2 (ja) | 2010-04-12 | 2011-04-08 | 酸化チタン粒子の製造方法 |
JP2011086803A JP2011236412A (ja) | 2010-04-12 | 2011-04-08 | 樹脂成形体およびその製造方法 |
Related Child Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/640,911 A-371-Of-International US20130109770A1 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2011-04-11 | Particles, particle dispersion, particle-dispersed resin composition, producing method therefor, resin molded article, producing method therefor, catalyst particles, catalyst solution, catalyst composition, catalyst molded article, titanium complex, titanium oxide particles and producing method therefor |
US14/535,478 Division US20150065340A1 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2014-11-07 | Particles, particle dispersion, particle-dispersed resin composition, producing method therefor, resin molded article, producing method therefor, catalyst particles, catalyst solution, catalyst composition, catalyst molded article, titanium complex, titanium oxide particles and producing method therefor |
US15/097,400 Division US20160222194A1 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2016-04-13 | Particles, particle dispersion, particle-dispersed resin composition, producing method therefor, resin molded article, producing method therefor, catalyst particles, catalyst solution, catalyst composition, catalyst molded article, titanium complex, titanium oxide particles and producing method therefor |
US15/466,279 Division US10265693B2 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2017-03-22 | Particles, particle dispersion, particle-dispersed resin composition, producing method therefor, resin molded article, producing method therefor, catalyst particles, catalyst solution, catalyst composition, catalyst molded article, titanium complex, titanium oxide particles and producing method therefor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011129311A1 true WO2011129311A1 (ja) | 2011-10-20 |
Family
ID=44798683
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2011/059040 WO2011129311A1 (ja) | 2010-04-12 | 2011-04-11 | 粒子、粒子分散液、粒子分散樹脂組成物、その製造方法、樹脂成形体、その製造方法、触媒粒子、触媒液、触媒組成物、触媒成形体、チタン錯体、酸化チタン粒子およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2011129311A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2016199926A1 (ja) * | 2015-06-12 | 2016-12-15 | 宇部興産株式会社 | ポリイミド前駆体組成物、及びポリイミド組成物 |
WO2017150377A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-08 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | ポリイミドフィルム、ポリイミドフィルムの製造方法、及びポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物 |
CN107177260A (zh) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-09-19 | 广东易置新材料科技有限公司 | 一种铈‑铝共掺杂氧化锌负离子涂料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN107964298A (zh) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-04-27 | 广东易置新材料科技有限公司 | 一种硅藻泥纳米调温水性涂料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN108300231A (zh) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-07-20 | 广东易置新材料科技有限公司 | 长效驱蚊防虫的抗菌生物水性涂料及其制备方法与应用 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003261329A (ja) * | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-16 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 高結晶性チタン酸バリウム超微粒子とその製造方法 |
JP2005194148A (ja) * | 2004-01-08 | 2005-07-21 | Tohoku Techno Arch Co Ltd | 有機修飾微粒子 |
-
2011
- 2011-04-11 WO PCT/JP2011/059040 patent/WO2011129311A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003261329A (ja) * | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-16 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 高結晶性チタン酸バリウム超微粒子とその製造方法 |
JP2005194148A (ja) * | 2004-01-08 | 2005-07-21 | Tohoku Techno Arch Co Ltd | 有機修飾微粒子 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
AKIHIRO TAGAYA: "Compensation of the Birefringence of a Polymer by a Birefringent Crystal", SCIENCE, vol. 301, 8 August 2003 (2003-08-08), pages 812 - 814, XP002376062, DOI: doi:10.1126/science.1086966 * |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2016199926A1 (ja) * | 2015-06-12 | 2016-12-15 | 宇部興産株式会社 | ポリイミド前駆体組成物、及びポリイミド組成物 |
JPWO2016199926A1 (ja) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-04-05 | 宇部興産株式会社 | ポリイミド前駆体組成物、及びポリイミド組成物 |
TWI772260B (zh) * | 2015-06-12 | 2022-08-01 | 日商宇部興產股份有限公司 | 聚醯亞胺前驅體組成物及聚醯亞胺組成物 |
WO2017150377A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-08 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | ポリイミドフィルム、ポリイミドフィルムの製造方法、及びポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物 |
CN108699270A (zh) * | 2016-03-03 | 2018-10-23 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 聚酰亚胺膜、聚酰亚胺膜的制造方法和聚酰亚胺前体树脂组合物 |
JPWO2017150377A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-03 | 2018-12-27 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | ポリイミドフィルム、ポリイミドフィルムの製造方法、及びポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物 |
CN108699270B (zh) * | 2016-03-03 | 2022-05-27 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 聚酰亚胺膜、聚酰亚胺膜的制造方法和聚酰亚胺前体树脂组合物 |
CN107177260A (zh) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-09-19 | 广东易置新材料科技有限公司 | 一种铈‑铝共掺杂氧化锌负离子涂料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN107177260B (zh) * | 2017-07-18 | 2020-05-15 | 广东易置新材料科技有限公司 | 一种铈-铝共掺杂氧化锌负离子涂料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN107964298A (zh) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-04-27 | 广东易置新材料科技有限公司 | 一种硅藻泥纳米调温水性涂料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN108300231A (zh) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-07-20 | 广东易置新材料科技有限公司 | 长效驱蚊防虫的抗菌生物水性涂料及其制备方法与应用 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10265693B2 (en) | Particles, particle dispersion, particle-dispersed resin composition, producing method therefor, resin molded article, producing method therefor, catalyst particles, catalyst solution, catalyst composition, catalyst molded article, titanium complex, titanium oxide particles and producing method therefor | |
WO2011129311A1 (ja) | 粒子、粒子分散液、粒子分散樹脂組成物、その製造方法、樹脂成形体、その製造方法、触媒粒子、触媒液、触媒組成物、触媒成形体、チタン錯体、酸化チタン粒子およびその製造方法 | |
JP2011236110A (ja) | 有機無機複合粒子、粒子分散液、粒子分散樹脂組成物および有機無機複合粒子の製造方法 | |
Rangappa et al. | Synthesis and organic modification of CoAl 2 O 4 nanocrystals under supercritical water conditions | |
WO2006109847A1 (ja) | アルナイト型化合物粒子、その製造方法およびその利用 | |
KR101729300B1 (ko) | 유기 아연 촉매, 이의 제조 방법 및 상기 촉매를 이용한 폴리알킬렌 카보네이트 수지의 제조 방법 | |
CN109071259A (zh) | 生产新纳米材料的方法 | |
Gunawan et al. | Synthesis of unusual coral-like layered double hydroxide microspheres in a nonaqueous polar solvent/surfactant system | |
KR20070116902A (ko) | 표면 개질된 나노입자 및 그의 제조 방법 | |
Furasova et al. | Inkjet fabrication of highly efficient luminescent Eu-doped ZrO 2 nanostructures | |
EP3638625B1 (en) | Hydrophobic surface modified aluminas and method for making thereof | |
TWI460130B (zh) | 製造具有良好分散性之儲存安定的硫酸鋇之方法 | |
WO2007070204A2 (en) | Amino phosphoryl treated titanium dioxide | |
Kovalenko et al. | Determination of the applicability of Zn-Al layered double hydroxide, intercalated by food dye Orange Yellow S, as a cosmetic pigment | |
JP2014129202A (ja) | 層状複水酸化物の製造方法 | |
RU2370444C1 (ru) | Композиция для включения в полимерные материалы и способ ее получения | |
US20120028033A1 (en) | Phase-separated structure and production method therefor | |
JP5679729B2 (ja) | 位相差フィルムおよびその製造方法 | |
Safronikhin et al. | Surface complexation onto nanosized lanthanum fluoride | |
JPH07309624A (ja) | 分散性に優れたセリウム・鉄複合酸化物固溶体およびそのゾル並びにその製法 | |
AU2020102586A4 (en) | A process for synthesis of zinc oxide nano-particles | |
Shen et al. | Anion-controlled morphologies and photophysical features of organic microcrystals by solid-phase anion exchange reactions | |
JP2015214708A (ja) | 相分離構造体およびその製造方法 | |
JP2019162819A (ja) | 分散液、膜状成形物、及び膜状成形物の製造方法 | |
Wojciechowski et al. | Macromolecular nature of nanosheets of quasi‐TiO2 from (tetra‐isopropyl) orthotitanate modified by methacrylic acid |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201180017265.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11768832 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20127026571 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13640911 Country of ref document: US |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 11768832 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |