Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
  • A62D1/0071—Foams
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
  • A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
  • A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C311/01—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C311/02—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
  • C07C311/09—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by at least two halogen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C311/22—Sulfonamides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
  • C07C311/23—Sulfonamides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms having the sulfur atoms of the sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C311/24—Sulfonamides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms having the sulfur atoms of the sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/004—Surface-active compounds containing F

Definitions

• aminocarboxylates derived from a mixture of polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amines including at least one polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amine and its analog, a di(polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl) amine.
• Aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates are conventionally made from polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amines which are subjected to N- alkylation with haloalkyl substituted reagents as decribed in U.S.
• Such aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates are useful for a variety of purposes and can be particularly useful as amphoteric surface-active agents, and are in particular suitable for fire fighting applications.
• aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates are made from a polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amine without its
• the present invention provides a method of making aminosulfonates and
• aminocarboxylates from a mixture of amines comprising at least one polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amine and its analog, a
• di(polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl) amine imparts superior surfactant properties in aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates manufactured therefrom.
• use of a polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amine without its di(polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl) amine analog results in poorer surfactant properties in aminosulfonates and
• aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates of the present invention are made from a mixture of amines comprising: i) at least one polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amine represented by
• Q is a monovalent anion preferably chosen from halogen
• each R f is the same in i) and ii) and chosen from a C 2 -C 12 polyfluoroalkyl, comprising partially of completely fluorinated linear or branched alkyl, optionally interrupted by one to four groups chosen from:— O— ,— S— , — S(O)— , and— S(O) 2 — ; each n in i) and ii) is the same and chosen from an integer from 0 to 6; each m in i) and ii) is the same and chosen from an integer from 0 to 10; each R 1 , R 5 , R 6 is independently chosen from hydrogen, Ci to Ce hydroxyalkyi, Ci to Ce halogen substituted alkyl, or a Ci to Ce linear or branched alkyl; provided that each R 1 in i) and ii) are the same, each R 5 in
• a mixture of amines comprising a polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amines (Formula A) and its di(polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl) amine analog (Formula B) are subjected to N-alkylation thereby producing the aminosulfonate and aminocarboxylate compositions of the invention which comprises: i) at least one compound represented by
• the mixture of aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates of the present invention is prepared from amines of Formulae A and B wherein R f is the same and chosen from CF 3 (CF 2 ) 5 , or CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 ; n is the same and is 2; each R 1 is the same and chosen from hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R 4 is chosen from hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
• the mixture of aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates of the present invention is prepared from amines of Formulae A and B wherein each R f is the same and chosen from
• each n is the same and is 2; each R 1 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is the same and is hydrogen; and each m is the same and is 2.
• R f is chosen from a C 2 -Ci 2 polyfluoroalkyl optionally interrupted by one to four groups chosen from:— O— ,— S— ,— S(O)— , and— S(O) 2 — ; n is chosen from an integer from 0 to 6; R 1 , R 5 , R 6 are independently chosen from hydrogen, Ci to C6 hydroxyalkyl, Ci to C6 halogen substituted alkyl, or a Ci to C6 linear or branched alkyl;
• C m H 2m is linear or branched alkyl, and m is chosen from an integer from 1 to 10;
• X is a halogen selected from CI , Br, I, and mixtures thereof.
• the substituents in Formulae A and B are as described above.
• each R 4 is independently selected from hydrogen or a Ci to C6 alkyl, or a Ci to C 6 hydroxyalkyl, preferably each R 4 is hydrogen thereby
• Reaction 2 Formation of polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl halide of Formula 1 R f — (CH 2 )n— S(O) 2 — Y (polyfluoroalkylsulfonic compound of Formula 3) + H 2 N(R 1 )-C(R 5 )(R 6 )-C m H 2m -X or [H 2 N(R 1 )- C(R 5 )(R 6 )-C m H 2m -X] + X " (Formula 4A or 4B: monoamino alkyl halide or salt thereof) ⁇
• R f (CH 2 )n— S(O) 2 — N(R 1 )— C(R 5 )(R 6 )— C m H 2m — X (Formula 1 ) wherein Y is chosen from aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, or a halide such as F, CI, or Br.
• R 1 , R 5 , R 6 , and m are defined as above; and each X is a halogen independently chosen from CI, Br, and I.
• Reaction 3 Formation of polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl halide of Formula 1 by halo-de-hydroxylation of alcohols of Formula 5 R f — (CH 2 )n— S(O) 2 — N(R 1 )— C(R 5 )(R 6 )— C m H 2m — OH (Formula 5:
• R f , n, R 1 , R 5 , R 6 , and m are defined as above.
• R 1 , R 5 , R 6 , and m are defined as above.
• Reaction 5 Formation of the mixture of polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates of Formulae C and D
• R 7 -X haloalkyl sulfonates and haloalkyl carboxylates
• cyclo-(CH 2 )3SO3 cyclo-(CH 2 ) 4 SO 3 sultones + base (optional) + Nal (optional) ⁇ R f -(CH 2 )n-S(O) 2 -N(R 1 )-C(R 5 )(R 6 )-C m H 2m -N ® (R 4 ) a (R 7 ) b
• R 7 is as defined above and X is a halogen selected from CI , Br, or I.
• polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyi halide of Formula 1 undergoes amino-de- halogenation with ammonia, producing polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyi amine of Formula A, which upon further amino-de-halogenation reaction with alkyi halide of Formula 1 produces di(polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyi) amine of Formula B. Therefore, polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyi amines of Formulae A and B are both present in the product mixture.
• An example of the reaction conditions for subjecting a polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyi halide (Formula 1 ) to amino-de-halogenation thereby producing a mixture of polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyi amines (Formulae A and B) includes charging a reaction vessel with a polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyi halide, and optionally an iodide salt catalyst, and solvent, which is then sealed, evacuated, and then charged with concentrated ammonia solution in water or methanol, preferably anhydrous ammonia, and heated to a reaction temperature of about 100 to 130 °C, more preferably between 1 10 and 120 °C in a pressurized reactor.
• the pressure of the reactor is primarily determined by the partial pressure of ammonia at the reaction temperature and is about 70 to 600 psi.
• a 10 to 200 fold molar excess of ammonia to polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl halide may be used; preferably a 25 to 150 molar excess, and more preferably a 50 to 100 molar excess.
• the reaction temperature is maintained for about 4 to 12 hours.
• the contents of the reactor are then cooled to about 20 to 25 °C, and excess of ammonia is vented out.
• the unused ammonia can be scrubbed or condensed to recycle into the next reaction batch.
• a strong base e.g., NaOH, KOH
• a strong base e.g., NaOH, KOH
• a strong base e.g., NaOH, KOH
• preferably in powdered form to convert the ammonium salts to a corresponding amines, and, optionally, activated carbon, to reduce the color of the mixture or final product
• the solvent can then be evaporated from the filtrate with vacuum to obtain a solid product comprising typically 70 to 98 wt. % of a mixture of polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amines (Formulae A and B).
• an example of the reaction conditions for forming a polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl halide of Formula 1 includes dissolving a monoamino alkyl halide or salt thereof (Formulae 4A or 4B) in a vessel (preferably under inert anhydrous conditions, e.g., with nitrogen purge) containing an appropriate aprotic solvent and additional base.
• a vessel preferably under inert anhydrous conditions, e.g., with nitrogen purge
• the vessel is equipped with mechanical stirrer and a condenser.
• the contents of the vessel are heated to a temperature of about 10-20 °C; after which, a polyfluoroalkylsulfonic compound (Formula 3) is added to the vessel over a period of about 15 to 120 minutes while maintaining the temperature between about 10 to 50 °C, more preferably between 20 and 40 °C.
• the temperature can be controlled by means of the addition rate and external cooling.
• a reaction temperature is maintained at about 25 to 65 ° C depending upon what additional base is used.
• After about 98 to 100 wt. % consumption of the polyfluoroalkylsulfonic acid halide (as measured by gas chromatography
• a strong acid e.g., HCI or H 3 PO 4
• a strong acid may be added to adjust the pH to about 2 to 7 (preferably 4 to 5) causing the conversion of unreacted monoamino alkyl halide of Formula 4A to a corresponding ammonium alkyl halide salts of Formula 4B, and conversion of additional base to its corresponding salts of these strong acids, which are removed by filtration.
• the filtrate can be further dried in vacuum to remove solvent and obtain solid product.
• Product or its solution in appropriate solvent can be optionally washed with water to remove traces of salts.
• an example of the reaction conditions for forming a polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl halide (Formula 1 ) by halo-de- hydroxylation of a polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl alcohol of (Formula 5) includes: charging a stirred vessel with polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl alcohol dissolved in an aprotic solvent; the addition of a halogenation agent; reacting the contents of the vessel at a temperatures determined by the reactivity of the halogenating agent, typically between about 40 to 130 °C, for about 30 to 240 minutes; and removing solvent and excess halogenation agent by distillation, and, optionally, hydrolysis, and further aqueous washing, to obtain crude product.
• reaction conditions for forming a polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl alcohol of Formula 5 includes dissolving an amino alkyl alcohol (Formula 6) preferably 2 to 2.3 equivalents based on the polyfluoroalkylsulfonic compound of Formula 3, in a vessel (preferably under inert anhydrous conditions, e.g., with nitrogen purge) containing an appropriate solvent such as, for example, methylene chloride, butyronitrile, 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane, 1 ,2-diethoxyethane, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, toluene, and mixtures thereof.
• an appropriate solvent such as, for example, methylene chloride, butyronitrile, 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane, 1 ,2-diethoxyethane, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, toluen
• the vessel is equipped with mechanical stirrer and a condenser.
• the contents of the vessel are maintained at a temperature of about 10-20 °C; after which, a polyfluoroalkylsulfonic compound (Formula 3) is added to the vessel over a period of about 15 to 120 minutes while maintaining the temperature between about 10-50 °C, more preferably between 20 and 40 °C.
• the temperature can be controlled by means of the addition rate and external cooling.
• the reaction is maintained at a temperature of about 25 to 55 °C.
• a strong acid e.g., HCI or H 3 PO 4
• aminoalkylalcohol of Formula 6 to form additional amount of ammonium halide salts of aminoalkylalcohol by-products which have lower solubility in the reaction solvent and are removed by filtration.
• the filtrate solution can be further dried in vacuum to remove solvent and obtain solid product.
• Product or its solution in appropriate solvent can be optionally washed with water to remove traces of salts.
• aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates of the present invention corresponding to Formula C and D can be made by subjecting the mixture of amines, comprising a
• di(polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl) amine analog (Formula B), to N- alkylation with haloalkyl substituted reagents, or other /V-alkylating reagents, such as sultones, comprising 1 ,3-propane sultone or 1 ,4-butane sultone, optionally in the presence of a base and/or iodide salts.
• polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates of Formula C and D includes dissolving a mixture of
• polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amines of Formula A and B in a vessel in an appropriate alcohol solvent at about 65-80 °C.
• the alcohol solvents are selected from but not limited to 2-propanol, 2-butanol, 1 -methoxy-2- propanol, 2-methoxyethanol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, etc.
• the vessel is equipped with mechanical or magnetic stirrer and a condenser.
• one or more haloalkyl substituted reagents comprising CICH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 SO3Na-hydrate, CI(CH 2 )3SO3Na, sodium monochloroacetate, and optionally other iodide salt, such as sodium or potasium iodide, or tetraalkyl ammonium iodide or their solutions in water and other co-solvent, are added to the vessel while maintaining the temperature of about 70-85 °C. After that the solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in water are added over a period of about 10 to 20 minutes, and the reaction is maintained at 83 to 120 °C. After about 99 to 100 wt. % consumption of the
• reaction mixture is cooled to about 20-40 °C and neutralized by the addition of HCI to adjust the pH to about 5 to 9, more preferably 6 to 8.
• the obtained solution can be further filtered.
• product is further diluted to the desired concentration, or dried to remove the solvents and water to obtain solid product.
• Product or its solution in water and, optionally, other co-solvents, preferably alcohols, is further used as a surface-active agent.
• the aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates (Formulae C and D) derived from the polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amine mixture (Formulae A and B) have excellent surface active properties and significantly reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions at low concentrations.
• Uses include, but are not limited to, aqueous film forming foams, foaming, wetting, leveling, dispersing and as emulsifying agents.
• the compounds of this invention are useful active ingredients in fire fighting agents.
• the compounds of Formulae C and D are useful as surfactants and are capable of lowering surface tensions when added to aqueous media at low concentrations. As shown in the surface tension measurements below, these compounds are capable of lowering the surface tension of aqueous media to values less than about 19 milli-newtons per meter, preferably less than about 17 milli-newtons per meter, at a concentration of the surfactant in the medium of less than about 0.5% by weight, preferably about 0.3 % by weight, and more preferably about 0.1 % by weight, which are superior to values obtained when such compounds are derived from polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amine without
• di(polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl) amine analog are characterized by their efficiency in lowering the surface tension at low concentrations by selective adsorption on the interface, which is determined by the amphiphilic nature of the surfactants.
• the present invention further comprises a fire fighting agent comprising compounds of Formulae C and D of this invention as described above.
• the fire fighting agent typically further comprises water or a solvent.
• Preferred solvents are alcohols or glycols, for example ethanol or 1 ,2-propylene glycol.
• the fire fighting agent can also further comprise a hydrocarbon surfactant. Suitable hydrocarbon surfactants are available commercially. Examples include SIMULSOL SL8 available from Seppic, Paris La Defense, France; SULFETAL 4069 available from
• the fire fighting agent is in the form of a liquid or foam.
• Fire fighting foam concentrates are compositions useful in extinguishing combustible liquid fires, particularly those caused by hydrocarbons and/or polar solvents. Fire fighting foams generate a water film over the fuel surface separating the flammable source from the flames, thus extinguishing the fire. After the fire is extinguished, the foams also suppress the flammable vapors from releasing, reducing the risk of burn-back, or re-ignition of the flammable vapors.
• the foam concentrates are diluted with water, usually municipal water or seawater, generally at a concentration about 6% by weight of the agent in the water.
• Suitable concentrations used for extinguishing fires include solution of 1 % and 3% by weight.
• the agent is agitated with water and a fire fighting foamed solution is formed prior to application.
• One mode of agitation is to pass the fire fighting agent and water solution through a fire hose nozzle where mechanical agitation takes place with incorporation of air, which generates an extinguishing foam used to combat combustible liquid fires.
• the foaming solution may contain other additives that assist in extinguishing fires such as FORAFAC 1268, commercially available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE.
• the present invention further comprises a method of extinguishing a fire comprising contacting the fire with a composition containing a compound of Formulae C and D as described above.
• the compounds of Formulae C and D are typically applied to the fire as a dilution in water, one or more solvents, or mixtures thereof, at a concentration of from about 1 % to about 6% by weight of a mixture of Formulae C and D. These compounds can be applied as a liquid or a foam. These compounds can also be mixed with one or more surfactants as discussed above prior to contacting with the fire.
• a mixture of compounds of Formulae C and D are contacted with the fire by using a conventional mechanical fire
• the compounds are applied continuously until the fire is extinguished.
• the present invention provides several advantages.
• compounds of Formulae C and D are amphoteric and have excellent surfactant properties.
• the compounds of Formulae C and D are stable in typical fire fighting formulations without precipitating out of solution.
• Mixtures of compounds of Formulae C and D are useful as a fire fighting agents in the form of a liquid or foam.
• the mixture of compounds C and D is also useful to extinguish fires quickly and aids in suppressing re-ignition of the fire.
• Example 1 (Example of Reaction 1 ) CF 3 (CF2) 5 C2H 4 SO 2 NH(CH2)3CI + NH 3 + Nal (or Kl, Bu 4 NI) + 2-propanol + water (optional) --> CF 3 (CF2)5C2H 4 SO2NH(CH2) 3 NH2
• Example 1A (Example of Reaction 1 )
• CF 3 (CF2)5C 2 H 4 SO 2 NH(CH2) 3 CI (61 g, 0.12 mol), 1 -butanol (1 10g), potassium iodide (Nal, 2.34g, 0.0156 mol) were charged to the 1300ml_ HASTELLOY-C shaker tube.
• the shaker tube was sealed, evacuated, and charged with NH 3 (gas, anhydrous, 144g, 8.5 mol) and heated at 1 10 °C for 1 1 hours at 713 psi.
• the resulting product solution was filtered at 60°C, and solids washed with 20g of 1 -BuOH .
• the solids were washed with 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (2x50g, 1 x30g), and combined filtrate was evaporated in vacuum to obtain 215.2g of dried product, containing by GC analysis 86% of CF 3 (CF2) 5 CH2CH2SO2NH(CH 2 )3OH and 6% of CF 3 (CF2)5(CH2)2SO2NH(CH 2 )3CI.
• NMR (CDCI 3 ) ⁇ 1 .83 (p, 2H,
• Example 1 the end product achieved in Example 1 which contained a mixture of polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amines (1 .5g, including primary CF3(CF 2 )5C2H 4 SO2NH(CH 2 )3NH2 and secondary
• a surfactant composition was made in accordance with Example 5 except that the starting primary amine CF 3 (CF2) 5 C2H 4 SO 2 NH(CH2)3NH2 did not contain the secondary amine [CF 3 (CF2) 5 C2H 4 SO 2 NH(CH2)3]2NH analog, (solids 14.68%).
• This aminosulfonate (solids 9.3%) was further diluted in water for surface tension measurements to make aqueous solutions of 0.3 wt. % and 0.1 wt. %.
• Example 1 which contained a mixture of polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amines (1 .5g), including primary CF 3 (CF2)5C2H 4 SO 2 NH(CH2)3NH2 and secondary
• CF 3 (CF2) 5 C2H 4 SO2NH(CH2)3NH 2 is observed by GC.
• the final resulting aminosulfonate mixture was further dried in vacuum to obtain 2.2 g (solids 14.7 wt.%) and dissolved in deionized water to make 0.1 wt.% and 0.3 wt.% solutions and used after 24h for surface tension measurements. No significant precipitate was observed upon cooling and storage for 24h.
• a surfactant composition was made in accordance with Example 6 except that the starting primary amine CF3(CF 2 ) 5 C2H 4 SO2NH(CH 2 )3NH2 did not contain the secondary amine [CF 3 (CF2) 5 C2H 4 SO 2 NH(CH2)3]2NH analog.
• the dried aminosulfonate product (solids 13.8 wt.%) was further dissolved upon heating at 0.3 wt. % and 0.1 wt. % to obtain aqueous solutions. After cooling to room temperature and standing for 24h, significant amount of white sediment was observed and removed by decantation and the obtained solution was used for surface tension measurements.
• Example 1 A which contained a mixture of polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amines 3.0g, including primary CF 3 (CF2) 5 C2H 4 SO 2 NH(CH2)3NH2 and secondary
• a surfactant composition was made in accordance with Example 7 except that the starting primary amine CF3(CF 2 ) 5 C2H 4 SO2NH(CH 2 )3NH2 did not contain the secondary amine [CF 3 (CF2) 5 C2H 4 SO 2 NH(CH2)3]2NH analog.
• the dried aminosulfonate product had 15.5 wt.% solids.
• the di(polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl) amine analog as used in Examples 5, 6 and 7 imparts superior surfactant properties as represented by lower surface tension in aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates manufactured therefrom.
• Comparative Examples A, B, and C the use of a polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amine without its
• di(polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl) amine analog results in poorer surfactant properties (represented by higher surface tension) in aminosulfonates and aminocarboxylates manufactured therefrom.

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