WO2011116686A1 - 西他列汀中间体及制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

西他列汀中间体及制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2011116686A1
WO2011116686A1 PCT/CN2011/072050 CN2011072050W WO2011116686A1 WO 2011116686 A1 WO2011116686 A1 WO 2011116686A1 CN 2011072050 W CN2011072050 W CN 2011072050W WO 2011116686 A1 WO2011116686 A1 WO 2011116686A1
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group
compound
formula
benzylamino
substituted
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PCT/CN2011/072050
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English (en)
French (fr)
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高红军
李敏
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浙江九洲药业股份有限公司
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Priority to EP11758796.4A priority Critical patent/EP2551259A4/en
Priority to US13/636,486 priority patent/US8710255B2/en
Priority to JP2013500318A priority patent/JP2013523605A/ja
Priority to CN2011800120101A priority patent/CN102811997A/zh
Publication of WO2011116686A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011116686A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C68/00Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C07C68/06Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids from organic carbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C229/00Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/02Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/34Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C227/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C227/14Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof
    • C07C227/18Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof by reactions involving amino or carboxyl groups, e.g. hydrolysis of esters or amides, by formation of halides, salts or esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C229/00Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/02Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/04Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C229/24Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having more than one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton, e.g. aspartic acid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C269/00Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C269/04Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups from amines with formation of carbamate groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C68/00Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C07C68/06Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids from organic carbonates
    • C07C68/065Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids from organic carbonates from alkylene carbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C69/00Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C07C69/96Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical intermediate, and more particularly to a method for preparing a sitagliptin intermediate and use thereof.
  • Sitagliptin (n) chemical name (2R)-4-oxo-4-[3-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazole [4, 3-a]pyrazine-7(8H)-yl]-1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-butan-2-amine, the hydrochloride form of which is as follows:
  • DPP-VI dipeptidyl peptidase-VI
  • Merck dipeptidyl peptidase-VI
  • its phosphate as the first dipeptidyl peptidase-VI (DPP-VI) inhibitor was approved by the US FDA for clinical use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
  • the drug has the advantage of less adverse reactions, low risk of hypoglycemia and no weight gain.
  • the current synthesis of sitagliptin intermediates is disclosed in the following literature: Document 1: J Med Chem, 2005, Vol. 48, vol. 11, pp. 141-151, Kim D et al., Synthetic lines as follows:
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a novel intermediate compound of the following formula (f) for the preparation of sitagliptin: Wherein: R is a protecting group for a carboxyl group.
  • R represents a chain alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group of CH ⁇ , a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group, a benzyl group or a substituted benzyl group.
  • R is an indenyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, Chlorophenyl, benzene, p-chlorobenzyl or benzyl.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide an intermediate compound of the following formula (e) for the preparation of the compound of the compound (f): OO
  • R is the same as defined in the above formula (f), and R 2 represents a hydrocarbon group or a substituted hydrocarbon group.
  • R represents a chain alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group of CH ⁇ , a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group, a benzyl group or a substituted benzyl group
  • R 2 is a chain alkyl group or a chain. Substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl, benzyl or substituted benzyl.
  • R is decyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, p- Chlorophenyl, benzene, p-chlorobenzyl or benzyl
  • R 2 is fluorenyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, trichloroethyl, 2-chloropropane Base, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 3-bromocyclohexyl, vinyl, propenyl, phenyl, p-nitrophenyl, p-chlorophenyl, benzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, p-chloro Benzyl.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula (e) which is represented by the chemical reaction equation as follows:
  • Step A Dissolving the compound of the formula (a) in an organic solvent, and performing N-substitution reaction with the halobenzyl group in the presence of a base. After the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is neutralized with an acid solution to neutrality, concentrated under reduced pressure, and separated. Washing can be obtained in crude form.
  • the surface benzyl is benzyl chloride or benzyl bromide, and the molar ratio of the compound to the formula (a) is (2 ⁇ 5): 1.
  • the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, preferably decyl alcohol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol or n-butanol; and the amount is 5 to 100 times, preferably 20 to 50 times, of the compound.
  • the base may be triethylamine, pyridine, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate or potassium hydrogencarbonate; and the molar ratio of the compound to the compound is (2-10): 1.
  • the acid solution is hydrochloric acid or citric acid, preferably hydrochloric acid.
  • the reaction temperature is 0 to 45 ° C, preferably 15 to 30 ° C. Reaction time 4 to 36 hours.
  • the base used in the reaction may be triethylamine, pyridine, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, diisopropylhexylamine;
  • the reaction solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethers, (substituted) benzenes, alkanes, ether solvents, preferably The mercapto tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, mercaptotetrahydrofuran, the solvent is used in an amount of 10 to 100 times, preferably 20 to 50 times, the compound of the formula (b).
  • the (substituted) benzene is preferably benzene, toluene or chlorobenzene, and the alkane is preferably n-hexane.
  • the reaction temperature is 0 to 45 ° C, preferably 15 to 30 ° C.
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the formula (b) to the compound of the formula (i) is 1 : (1 to 3).
  • the molar ratio of the base to the compound of the formula (b) is (1 to 2): 1.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (f) which is represented by the chemical reaction equation as follows: Step C:
  • Step C The compound of the formula (c) is reacted with an elemental substance of magnesium or zinc in an organic solvent in the presence of an initiator to obtain a format reagent.
  • the initiator is iodine, alkyl iodide, brominated alkane, a prior batch format reagent or a mixture of any two or more thereof, and examples of the iodide include iododecane, the iodide Examples include bromoethane, dibromoethane.
  • the amount of the initiator is about 1 to 2% by mass relative to the amount of the solvating agent, and for solid iodine, the amount of the initiator is about 0.1% with respect to the amount of the solvent.
  • the organic solvent is an ether solvent, a (substituted) benzene solvent or any mixture thereof.
  • the ether solvent includes, for example, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, mercapto tert-butyl ether, dibutyl ether tetrahydrofuran, mercaptotetrahydrofuran, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
  • Examples of the (substituted) benzene solvent include, for example, toluene, benzene, chlorobenzene, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • the dissolution The dosage of the compound is 5 to 50 times, preferably 10 to 25 times, of the compound of the formula (c); the molar ratio of the compound of the formula (c) to magnesium or zinc is 1: (1 to 12), preferably 1: (1 to 5);
  • the reaction temperature is -20 to 45 ° C, preferably 0 to 25 ° C, and the reaction time is 0.5 to 18 hours, preferably 2 to 6 hours.
  • Step D A compound of the formula (d) is reacted with a compound of the formula (e). After completion of the reaction, it is quenched with water, extracted, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a product.
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the formula (e) to the compound of the formula (d) is 1: (1 to 5), preferably 1: (1.01 to 2); the reaction temperature is -78 to 30 ° C, preferably -20 to 25 °C. The reaction time is 0.5 to 10 hours.
  • the compound of the formula (h) is prepared from the compound of the formula (f), and the compound of the formula (h) can be used for the preparation of the compound of the formula (g) (an important intermediate for preparing sitagliptin).
  • the specific route is as follows: Step E:
  • Step E the compound of the formula (f) is subjected to a desubstituent and a reduced carbonyl reaction under the action of a catalyst, After the reaction is completed, it is filtered, concentrated, and salted to obtain a product.
  • the catalyst is palladium carbon or Raney nickel, preferably palladium carbon; and the molar ratio of the compound of formula (f) is (0.01 to 0.1): 1.
  • the solvent used in the reaction is an alcohol or ether solvent, or any mixture thereof.
  • the alcohol is preferably dissolved in methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • the ether solvent is preferably tetrahydrofuran, decyltetrahydrofuran.
  • the solvent is used in an amount of 20 to 80 times, preferably 30 to 50 times, based on the compound of the formula (f).
  • the reaction temperature is 0 to 65 ° C, preferably 15 to 45 ° C.
  • the reaction time is from 0.5 to 48 hours, preferably from 5 to 12 hours.
  • the pressure of hydrogen used in the reaction is 0.1 to 10 MPa; preferably 0.5 to 1.0 MPa. After filtration, neutralization, concentration under reduced pressure gave an important intermediate (g) of sitagliptin.
  • the base is triethylamine, pyridine, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • the molar ratio of the compound to the formula (h) is (1 to 15): 1, preferably (1.5 to 5).
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the formula (h) to the compound of the formula (k) is 1: (1 to 5).
  • the solvent used is tetrahydrofuran or dichlorodecane, or a mixture of any two of them.
  • the solvent is used in an amount of from 15 to 100 times, preferably from 30 to 50 times, of the compound of the formula (h), and the reaction temperature is from 0 to 35 ° C, preferably from 15 to 30 ° C.
  • a sixth object of the present invention is to provide a second use of the compound of the above formula (f) for the preparation of sitagliptin, which is known, for example, J Med Chem, 2005 , Method No. 48, Vol. 11, pp. 141-151. In short, it can be carried out as follows.
  • the compound of the formula (g) and the compound of the formula (1) are subjected to a condensation reaction under the action of a condensing agent to obtain a compound of the formula (m), and the compound of the formula (m) is deprotected with a saturated solution of sterol hydrochloride to form a salt reaction.
  • the compound of formula (n), the compound of formula (n) is the hydrochloride form of sitagliptin.
  • the invention has the advantages that the reaction raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the reaction type is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, the process is easy, the product yield is high, the cost is low, and two new intermediate compounds are obtained in the preparation of the sitagliptin intermediate. . Therefore, it has a high industrial application and economic value. detailed description
  • the hydrochloride salt of lOg (S) -2 -amino-4-oxo-4-anoxobutanoic acid is added to 400 ml of decyl alcohol, 15 g of sodium carbonate is added, and the mixture is stirred at 25 ° C, and the temperature is dropped at this temperature. 20 g of benzyl chloride was added. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction system was kept at the same temperature for 12 hours. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was neutralized with a dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid solution until neutral, and the decyl alcohol was distilled off, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • Example 11 Preparation of (R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butyric acid 3 g of (S)-3-(benzylamino)-4-oxo-4 - (2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butyric acid decanoate was dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol, and 0.5 g of 10% palladium carbon was added under a nitrogen atmosphere, and nitrogen was replaced with hydrogen, and the reaction was carried out at 25 ° C for 5 hours. After completion, the mixture was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated. The mixture was concentrated with 10% hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 5 to 6.
  • the present invention relates to sitagliptin intermediates and methods for their preparation and use.
  • the above preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a novel intermediate compound (f) by reacting a compound of the formula (e) with a compound (d) obtained from the compound of the formula (c), and conveniently preparing sitagliptin from the compound of the formula (f).
  • the di-tert-butyl ester is subjected to a substitution reaction to give a compound of the formula (e).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Description

西他列汀中间体及制备方法和用途 本申请要求于 2010 年 3 月 25 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010135469.8、发明名称为"西他列汀中间体及制备方法和用途"的中国 专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明属于本发明涉及药物中间体,尤其是涉及一种西他列汀中间体 的制备方法及其用途。
背景技术
西他列汀 (Sitagliptin, n) , 化学名为(2R)-4-氧代 -4-[3-三氟曱基 -5, 6- 二氢 [1 , 2, 4]三唑 [4, 3-a]吡嗪 -7 ( 8H)-基] -1-(2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) -丁 -2- 胺, 其盐酸盐形式结构式如下:
Figure imgf000003_0001
它是美国默克(Merck )公司研发的二肽基肽酶 -VI (DPP-VI)抑制剂的 第一个产品。 2006年 10月, 其磷酸盐作为首个二肽基肽酶 -VI ( DPP-VI ) 抑制剂被美国 FDA批准上市, 临床用于治疗 2型糖尿病。 该药的优点是不 良反应少, 低血糖风险低和不引起体重增加。 目前西他列汀中间体的合成方法被如下文献披露: 文献 1 : 医药化学杂志 (J Med Chem), 2005 年, 第 48 期第 11 卷, 141-151 页, Kim D等人, 其合成线路如下:
Figure imgf000004_0001
文献 2: Org.Proc. Res. Dev, 2005, 9(5): 634 639. Hansen KB, Balsells J 等人) , 其合成线路如下:
Figure imgf000004_0002
Figure imgf000005_0001
从以上文献中我们可以看出它们共同存在的缺点^始原料价格昂 贵, 反应十分复杂, 反应路线长, 操作条件苛刻, 工艺收益不高, 很难进 行工艺化, 无法大规模生产, 限制了西他列汀的广泛应用。 发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供了一种下面通式(f)用来制备西他列汀的 新中间体化合物:
Figure imgf000005_0002
其中: R为羧基的保护基。
本发明提供的优选的式(f)化合物中, R代表 CH^的链状烷基或 环烷基, 苯基或取代苯基, 苄基或取代苄基。
本发明更优选的式(f)化合物中, R为曱基, 乙基, 丙基, 异丙基, 丁基, 异丁基, 叔丁基, 环丙基, 环戊基, 环己基, 对氯苯基, 苯, 对氯 苄基或苄基。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种下面通式(e )化合物, 用来制备化合 物 (f ) 的中间体化合物: O O
R20 、人 0 COOR
NBn2
e
其中: R的定义与上述式(f)化合物相同, R2代表烃基或取代烃基。 本发明提供的优选的式(e )化合物中, R代表 CH^的链状烷基或 环烷基, 苯基或取代苯基, 苄基或取代苄基, R2为链状烷基或链状取代 烷基, 环烷基或取代环烷基, 烯基或取代烯基, 苯基或取代苯基, 苄基或 取代苄基。
本发明更优选的式(e )化合物中, R为曱基, 乙基, 丙基, 异丙基, 丁基, 异丁基, 叔丁基, 环丙基, 环戊基, 环己基, 对氯苯基, 苯, 对氯 苄基或苄基, R2为曱基, 乙基, 丙基, 异丙基, 丁基, 异丁基, 叔丁基, 三氯乙基, 2-氯丙基, 环丙基, 环戊基, 环己基, 3-溴环己基, 乙烯基, 丙烯基, 苯基, 对硝基苯基, 对氯苯基, 苄基, 对硝基苄基, 对氯苄基。
本发明的目的之三是提供一种制备式(e )化合物的方法, 该方法用 化学反应方程式表示如下:
步骤 A:
HOOC^cooR ^ HOOC^cooR
NH2 . HCI NBn2
a b
步骤 B:
o o
COOR + cicooR2 R20 O COOR
Bn2 NBn2
b i e 其中 R和 R2的定义与上述化合物 (e )和 (f)的定义相同。 具体方案如下:
步骤 A: 将式(a )化合物溶解在有机溶剂中, 在碱存在下与卤苄进 行 N取代反应, 反应完成后, 用酸液中和反应液至中性, 经减压浓缩, 分 液, 洗涤可得粗品。
其中所述面苄为氯苄或溴苄, 用量摩尔比与式(a )化合物为(2〜5 ): 1。 有机溶剂选自醇类, 优选曱醇, 乙醇, 异丙醇, 正丙醇或者正丁醇; 用量为所述化合物的 5〜100倍, 优先 20〜50倍。 所述碱可为三乙胺, 吡啶, 碳酸钠, 碳酸氢钠, 碳酸钾, 碳酸氢钾; 用量与所述化合物的摩尔比为 ( 2-10 ): 1。 所述酸液为盐酸或柠檬酸, 优选盐酸。 反应温度为 0〜45°C , 优选 15〜30°C。 反应时间 4〜36小时。
步骤 B: 在氮气保护下式 (b)化合物与式(i )化合物在碱的作用下进 行取代反应。 反应完成即得产品, 可直接应用。
反应过程中用到的碱可为三乙胺, 吡啶, 碳酸钠, 碳酸钾, 二异丙基 已胺; 反应溶剂选自醚类, (取代)苯类, 烷烃类, 醚类溶剂优选可为曱 基叔丁基醚, 四氢呋喃, 曱基四氢呋喃, 所述溶剂用量是式(b )化合物 的 10〜100倍, 优选 20〜50倍。 (取代)苯类优选为苯, 曱苯, 氯苯, 烷烃 类优选为正己烷。 反应温度为 0〜45 °C , 优选 15〜30 °C。 式( b )化合物与 式(i )化合物的摩尔比为 1 : ( 1〜3 )。 所述碱与式(b )化合物的用量摩 尔比为 ( 1〜2 ) : 1。
本发明的目的之四是提供一种制备式(f)化合物的方法, 该方法用 化学反应方程式表示如下: 步骤 C:
Figure imgf000008_0001
具体方案如下:
步骤 C: 在引发剂存在下, 使式(c )化合物在有机溶剂中与镁单质 或锌单质进行反应, 获得格式试剂。
所述引发剂为碘、碘代烷、 溴代烷烃, 先前批次的格式试剂或其任意 两种或两种以上的混合物,所述碘代烷的实例包括碘曱烷,所述碘代烷烃 的实施例包括溴乙烷、二溴乙烷。对于液体, 所述引发剂的用量相对于溶 剂量的质量百分比约 1〜2%, 对于固体碘, 所述引发剂的用量相对于溶剂 量百分比约为 0.1〜
0.2%。 然而本领域的人可以理解, 在连续作业的情况下, 可以不加引发 剂。 所述有机溶剂为醚类溶剂、 (取代)苯类溶剂或其任意混合物。 所述 醚类溶剂包括, 例如乙醚、 异丙醚、 曱基叔丁基醚、 丁醚四氢呋喃, 曱基 四氢呋喃, 或其任意两种或两种以上的混合物。 所述(取代)苯类溶剂的 实例包括, 例如曱苯、 苯、 氯苯, 或其两种或两种以上的混合物。 所述溶 剂用量为所述式(c)化合物的 5〜50倍, 优选为 10〜25倍; 所述式(c)化 合物与镁或锌的摩尔用量比为 1: ( 1〜12)优选为 1: ( 1〜5); 反应温度 为 -20〜45°C, 优选 0〜25°C, 反应时间 0.5〜18小时, 优选 2〜6小时。
步骤 D: 式(d)化合物与式(e)化合物进行反应, 反应完毕后, 用 水淬灭, 萃取, 减压浓缩, 得产品。
所述式(e)化合物与式(d)化合物的摩尔用量比为 1: ( 1〜5)优选 为 1: ( 1.01〜2); 反应温度为 -78〜30°C, 优选 -20〜25°C。 反应时间 0.5〜10 小时。 以式(f)化合物为原料制备式(h)化合物, 式(h)化合物可用于 制备式(g)化合物 (制备西他列汀的重要中间体) 。 具体路线如下: 步骤 E:
Figure imgf000009_0001
具体方案如下:
步骤 E:式( f )化合物在催化剂作用下进行脱取代基和还原羰基反应 , 反应完成后过滤, 浓缩, 成盐, 得产品。
其中所述催化剂为钯碳或雷尼镍, 优选钯碳; 与式(f)化合物的用 量摩尔比为 (0.01〜0.1): 1。 反应所用溶剂为醇类或醚类溶剂, 或其任意 混合物。 所述醇类溶优选为曱醇, 乙醇, 异丙醇, 正丙醇, 正丁醇或其任 意两种或两种以上的混合物。所述醚类溶剂优选为四氢呋喃, 曱基四氢呋 喃。 所用溶剂用量为式(f)化合物的 20〜80倍, 优选 30〜50倍。 反应温度 为 0〜65°C, 优选为 15〜45°C。 反应时间为 0.5〜48小时, 优选为 5〜12小时。 反应过程中所用氢气压力 0.1〜10Mpa; 优选 0.5〜1.0Mpa。 经过滤, 中和, 减压浓缩得西他列汀的重要中间体(g) 。
其中所述碱为三乙胺, 吡啶, 氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。 与式(h)化合 物的用量摩尔比为 (1〜15): 1, 优选(1.5〜5)。 式(h)化合物与式(k) 化合物的用量摩尔比为 1: ( 1〜5) 。 所用溶剂为四氢呋喃或二氯曱烷, 或其任意两种溶剂的混合物。 溶剂用量为式(h)化合物的 15〜100倍, 优 选 30〜50倍, 反应温度为 0〜35°C, 优选 15〜30°C。
本发明的目的之六是提供上述所述式(f)化合物的用途之二, 用于 制备西他列汀, 此为已知的, 例如可以釆用医药化学杂志 (J Med Chem), 2005 年, 第 48 期第 11 卷, 141-151 页中所述的方法进行。 简言之, 可 按下述方法进行。
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000011_0001
即, 式(g)化合物与式(1)化合物, 在缩合剂的作用下进行缩合反 应得式(m)化合物,式(m)化合物与盐酸曱醇饱和溶液进行脱保护基, 成盐反应得式(n)化合物, 式(n)化合物即为西他列汀的盐酸盐形式。
本发明在制备西他列汀中间体方面,具有反应原料廉价易得,反应类 型简单, 反应条件緩和, 易于工艺化, 获得产品收率高, 成本低, 并获得 了两个新的中间体化合物。 因此具有艮高的工业应用和经济价值。 具体实施方式
为了进一步了解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行 描述, 但是应当理解, 这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点, 而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。
以下以具体实施例说明本发明的效果,但本发明的保护范围不受以下 实施例的限制。
为了更好的理解本发明的内容, 下面结合具体实施例作进一步说明。 步骤 A:
实施例 1: (S) -2- (苄基氨基) -4-曱氧基 -4-氧代丁酸(R=曱基) 的制备
将 lOg (S) -2 -氨基- 4 -曱氧基- 4 -氧代丁酸的盐酸盐溶剂在 400ml曱 醇中, 加入 15g碳酸钠, 于 25°C下搅拌, 在此温度下滴加 20g的苄氯, 滴加 完毕后将反应体系保持该温度下反应 12小时,反应完毕后用稀盐酸水溶液 中和反应液至中性, 蒸出曱醇, 用乙酸乙酯进行分液萃取, 除去水层, 有 机层浓缩后用水洗涤 2〜3次, 得( S ) -2 - (苄基氨基 ) - 4 -曱氧基- 4 -氧代 丁酸粗产品 16g。 收率为 91.3%。 实施例 2: ( S ) -4 - (苄氧基) -2 - (苄基氨基 ) - 4 -氧代丁酸 ( R= 苄基) 的制备
按照实施例 1的方法取 10g (S) -2-氨基 -4- (苄氧基) -4-氧代丁酸 的盐酸盐同法操作, 制得(S) -4- (苄氧基) -2- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 丁酸(R=苄基) 12.5g, 收率为 80.6%。 实施例 3: ( S ) -4 - ( 4-氯苯氧基) -2 - (苄基氨基 ) - 4 -氧代丁酸 ( R=4- 氯苯基) 的制备
按照实施例 1的方法取 10g (S) -2-氨基 -4- (4-氯苯氧基) -4-氧代 丁酸的盐酸盐同法操作, 制得(S) -4- (4-氯苯氧基) -2- (苄基氨基) - 4-氧代丁酸 12.3g, 收率为 81.2%。 实施例 4: ( S ) -4 - ( 4-氯苄氧基) -2 - (苄基氨基 ) - 4 -氧代丁酸( R=4- 氯苄基) 的制备
按照实施例 1的方法取 10g (S) -2-氨基 -4- (4-氯苄氧基) -4-氧代 丁酸同法操作, 制得( S ) -4 - ( 4-氯苄氧基) -2 - (苄基氨基 ) - 4 -氧代丁 酸 12.25g, 收率 82.3%。 步骤 B:
实施例 5: ( S ) -2 - (苄基氨基) -4-曱氧基 -4-氧代 (乙基碳酸) 酸 酐(R=曱基, R2=乙基) 的制备
在氮气保护下, 将 10g (S) -2- (苄基氨基) -4-曱氧基 -4-氧代丁酸 和 3.5g三乙胺溶解在 300ml四氢呋喃中, 在 25°C向反应体系中滴加 5.0g的 氯曱酸乙酯, 滴加完毕后, 此温度下继续反应 2小时, 反应完毕, 得(S) -2 - (苄基氨基 ) - 4 -曱氧基- 4 -氧代 (乙基碳酸 ) 酸酐的溶液, 浓度为 0.1mol/L, 冷却至 0°C保存备用。 实施例 6: (S) -4- (苄氧基) -2- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 (曱基碳酸) 酸酐(R=苄基, R2=曱基) 的制备
按照实施例 5的方法取 10g ( S ) -4 - (苄氧基) -2- (苄基氨基) - 4- 氧代丁酸同法操作, 制得( S ) -4 - (苄氧基) -2 - (苄基氨基) - 4 -氧 代 (曱基碳酸) 酸酐的溶液, 浓度为 0.08mol/L。 实施例 7: ( S ) -2 - (苄基氨基 ) - 4 -曱氧基- 4 -氧代 (曱基碳酸) 酸 酐(R=曱基, R2=曱基) 的制备
按照实施例 5的方法取 10g ( S ) -2 - (苄基氨基) - 4 -曱氧基 - 4 -氧代 丁酸同法操作, 制得( S ) -2 - (苄基氨基 ) - 4 -曱氧基- 4 -氧代 (曱基碳 酸) 酸酐的溶液, 浓度为 0.12mol/L。
!H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 2.72 ( 1H, dd, J= 9.0, 20.0 Hz ), 2.94 ( 1H, dd, J= 9.0, 20.0 Hz ) 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.75 (s, 4H), 4.00 (t, J= 9.0 Hz), 7.26-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.36 (m, 8H); LRMS: 327.2 [M+] 步骤 C:
实施例 8: ( 2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) -溴化镁的制备
将 2g镁屑加入反应瓶中, 在氮气保护下加入四氢呋喃 50ml, 0.02g碘 引发反应, 将 9g溶解在 150ml四氢呋喃溶剂中的 1-溴 -2, 4, 5三氟苯滴入 反应体系, 在 25°C下反应 3小时,反应完毕后得到浓度为 0.21mol/L ( 2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) -溴化镁。 步骤 D:
实施例 9: ( S ) -3- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 -4- ( 2, 4, 5-三氟苯基)丁酸 曱酯(R= 曱基, R2=乙基) 的制备
取 100ml浓度为 0.1mol/L的 ( S ) -2 - (苄基氨基) - 4 -曱氧基 - 4 -氧代 (乙基碳酸)酸酐于反应瓶中,在氮气保护下, 滴加 50ml浓度为 0.21mol/L 的 (2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) -溴化镁溶液于 25 °C下反应 2小时。 反应完毕后向 反应体系中加入 50ml水淬灭, 用乙酸乙酯萃取, 除去水相, 有机相浓缩 后得(S ) -3- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 -4- ( 2, 4, 5-三氟苯基)丁酸曱酯 3.8g。 收率 86.3%。
¾ NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 2.89-2.99 ( m, 2H), 3.52 (s, 4H), 3.61 (s, 6H), 4.45-4.47 (m, 1H), 7.06-7.08 (m, 4H), 7.21-7.28 (m, 8H); LRMS: 441.1 [M+]。 实施例 10: ( S ) -3- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 -4- ( 2, 4, 5-三氟苯基)丁 酸苄酯(R=苄基, R2=曱基) 的制备
按照实施例 9的方法取 100ml浓度为 0.08mol/L的 ( S ) -4 - (苄氧基 ) -2 - (苄基氨基 ) - 4 -氧代 (曱基碳酸 )酸酐同法操作, 制得( S ) -3- (苄 基氨基) -4-氧代 -4- ( 2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) 丁酸苄酯 3.4g。 收率 82.1%。 步骤 E:
实施例 11 : ( R ) -3-氨基 -4- ( 2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) 丁酸的制备 取 3g ( S ) -3- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 -4- ( 2, 4, 5-三氟苯基)丁酸曱酯 溶解在 100ml乙醇中,在氮气氛围中加入 10%钯碳 0.5g,将氮气置换成氢气, 25°C下反应 5小时, 反应完毕后, 过硅藻土过滤, 滤液浓缩, 加浓度 10% 盐酸调成酸碱度为 5〜6,用乙酸乙酯洗涤水相,水相浓缩,得白色固体(R ) -3-氨基 -4- ( 2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) 丁酸 1.47g, 收率 93.2%。 实施例 12: (R) -3-氨基 -4- (2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) 丁酸的制备 取 4g (S) -3- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 -4- (2, 4, 5-三氟苯基)丁酸苄酯 按照实施例 11同法操作, 制的 (R) -3-氨基 -4- (2, 4, 5-三氟苯基)丁酸
1.36g, 收率 93.4%。 步骤 F:
实施例 13: (R) -N- (叔丁氧欺基) -3-氨基 -4- (2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) 丁酸的制备
取 3g (R) -3-氨基 -4- (2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) 丁酸溶解在 200ml二氯曱 烷中,加入 3.5g二碳酸二叔丁酯和 2g三乙胺,在 20 °C下反应 10小时,反应完 毕后滤除固体, 滤液用 10%稀盐酸水溶液中和至中性, 浓缩后, 柱层析纯 化, 洗脱剂梯度乙酸乙酯 /正己烷为 1/2, 得 3.5 (R) -N- (叔丁氧欺基) -3- 氨基 -4- (2, 4, 5-三氟苯基), 收率 81.7%。 综上所述,本发明涉及西他列汀中间体及其制备方法和用途。上述制 备方法是将式(e)化合物与由式(c)化合物制得的化合物 (d)进行格 式反应得新中间体化合物(f) ,由式(f)化合物可方便制得西他列汀的中 间体式(g)化合物, 本文还提供了制备新化合物 (e) 的方法, 式(a) 化合物和卤苄经亲电取代反应制备得到式( b )化合物, 式( b )化合物与 二碳酸二叔丁酯进行取代反应得式(e)化合物。
需要说明的是在本发明中提及的所有文献在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解, 以上所述的是 本发明的具体实施例及所运用的技术原理,在阅读了本发明的上述内容之 后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改而不背离本发明的精 神与范围, 这些等价形式同样落在本发明的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种具有如下结构的式(f )化合物:
Figure imgf000018_0001
其中 1 为½的保护基。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的化合物, 其中: R代表 CH^的链状烷基或环 烷基, 苯基, 取代苯基, 取代苄基或苄基。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的化合物, 其中: R为曱基, 乙基, 丙基, 异丙 基, 丁基, 异丁基, 叔丁基, 环丙基, 环戊基, 环己基, 对氯苯基, 苯基, 对氯苄基或苄基。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的化合物, 选自下列化合物:
( S ) -3- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 -4- ( 2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) 丁酸曱酯; ( S ) -3- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 -4- ( 2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) 丁酸乙酯; ( S ) -3- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 -4- ( 2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) 丁酸苄酯。
5. 一种如权利要求 1所述的式(f )化合物的制备方法, 由 2, 4, 5-三氟 溴苯制得的格式试剂与如下式(e )化合物进行格式反应, 得到所述的 式(f )化合物,
Figure imgf000018_0002
其中 R与权利要求 1至 4中任一权利要求的定义相同, R2代表烃基 或取代烃基。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的制备方法, 其中: R2为链状烷基或链状 取代烷基, 环烷基或取代环烷基, 烯基或取代烯基, 苯基或取代苯基, 苄 基或取代苄基。
7.根据权利要求 6所述的制备方法, 其中: R2为曱基, 乙基, 丙基, 异丙基, 丁基, 异丁基, 叔丁基, 三氯乙基, 2-氯丙基, 环丙基, 环戊基, 环己基, 3-溴环己基, 乙烯基, 丙烯基, 苯基, 对硝基苯基, 对氯苯基, 苄基, 对硝基苄基或对氯苄基。
8.根据权利要求 7所述的制备方法, 所述的式(e)化合物选自如下 化合物:
(S) -2- (苄基氨基 ) - 4 -曱氧基- 4 -氧代(曱基碳酸) 酸酐;
(S) -2- (苄基氨基 ) -4-曱氧基 -4-氧代 (乙基碳酸) 酸酐;
(S) -4- (苄氧基) -2- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 (曱基碳酸) 酸肝;
(S) -4- (苄氧基) -2- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代(乙基碳酸) 酸肝。
9.根据权利要求 5所述的制备方法, 其中所述格式试剂的制备方法 为, 使 2, 4, 5-三氟溴苯与镁或锌单质进行反应, 获得(2, 4, 5-三氟苯 基) -溴化镁或 (2, 4, 5-三氟苯基) -溴化锌格式试剂。
10. 根据权利要求 5所述的制备方法, 其中所述式 ( e )化合物的制 备方法为:
步骤 A: 式(a)化合物在碱性条件下与卤苄进行 N取代反应, 得到 式(b )化合物, HOOC^^ HOOC^^
COOR
. HCI NBn2
b 步骤 B: 式 (b)化合物与式(i)化合物在碱性条件下进行取代反应 即得到式(e)化合物,
O O
HOOC^^
COOR 人,
CICOOR' COOR
NBn NBn2 b 其中 R的定义与权利要求 1至 4中任一权利要求的定义相同, R2的 定义与权利要求 5至 8中任一权利要求中的定义相同。
11.根据权利要求 1至 4中任一权利要求所述的式(f)化合物用于制备如 下式(g)化合物的方法, 包括:
步骤 E: 式(f)化合物在催化剂作用下进行脱取代基和还原欺基反 应, 得到式(h)化合物,
Figure imgf000020_0001
步骤 F:
得到式(g)化合物,
Figure imgf000020_0002
其中 R的定义与权利要求 1至 4中任一权利要求的定义相同。
12.根据权利要求 11所述的方法, 其中所述催化剂为雷尼镍或钯碳。
13. 具有如下结构的式(e)化合物,
Figure imgf000021_0001
其中 R与权利要求 1至 4中任一权利要求的定义相同, R2代表烃基 或取代烃基。
14.根据权利要求 13所述的化合物,其中: R2为链状烷基或链状取代烷基, 环烷基或取代环烷基, 烯基或取代烯基, 苯基或取代苯基, 苄基或取代苄 基。
15.根据权利要求 14所述的化合物, 其中: R2为曱基, 乙基, 丙基, 异丙 基, 丁基, 异丁基, 叔丁基, 三氯乙基, 2-氯丙基, 环丙基, 环戊基, 环 己基, 3-溴环己基, 乙烯基, 丙烯基, 苯基, 对硝基苯基, 对氯苯基, 苄 基, 对硝基苄基或对氯苄基。
16.根据权利要求 15所述的化合物, 所述的式(e)化合物选自如下化合 物:
( S ) -2 - (苄基氨基 ) - 4 -曱氧基- 4 -氧代 (曱基碳酸 ) 酸酐;
( S ) -2 - (苄基氨基 ) - 4 -曱氧基- 4 -氧代 (乙基碳酸 ) 酸酐;
(S) -4- (苄氧基) -2- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 (曱基碳酸) 酸酐; ( S ) -4 - (苄氧基) -2- (苄基氨基) -4-氧代 (乙基碳酸) 酸酐。
17.式(e)化合物的制备方法, 包括:
步骤 A: 式(a)化合物在碱性条件下与面苄进行 N取代反应, 得 到式(b )化合物, HOOC^cooR ^ HOOC^cooR
NH2 . HCI NBn2
a b 步骤 B: 式 (b)化合物与式(i )化合物在碱性条件下进行取代反应, 即得到式(e )化合物,
o o
HOOC^^
C〇〇R + cicooR2 R20人 O人 ^ COOR
Bn2 NBn2
b i e 其中 R的定义与权利要求 1至 4中任一权利要求的定义相同, R2的 定义与权利要求 13至 16中任一权利要求中的定义相同。
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