WO2011108363A1 - Moteur électrique à synchronisation à aimants permanents - Google Patents

Moteur électrique à synchronisation à aimants permanents Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011108363A1
WO2011108363A1 PCT/JP2011/053376 JP2011053376W WO2011108363A1 WO 2011108363 A1 WO2011108363 A1 WO 2011108363A1 JP 2011053376 W JP2011053376 W JP 2011053376W WO 2011108363 A1 WO2011108363 A1 WO 2011108363A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
winding
rotor
cage
synchronous motor
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PCT/JP2011/053376
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
剛 樋口
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国立大学法人長崎大学
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Priority to JP2012503057A priority Critical patent/JP5733583B2/ja
Publication of WO2011108363A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011108363A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/46—Motors having additional short-circuited winding for starting as an asynchronous motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/223—Rotor cores with windings and permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a permanent magnet synchronous motor in which a permanent magnet is attached to a rotor.
  • a squirrel-cage three-phase induction motor generates a rotating magnetic field by applying a three-phase alternating current to the stator side winding, and by placing a rotor with a squirrel-cage winding in this rotating magnetic field, A current is induced in the conductor of the squirrel-cage winding, and torque is generated between the current and the rotating magnetic field to rotate the rotor.
  • This type of induction motor self-starts by simply applying an alternating current to the stator winding and accelerates to near the synchronous speed.
  • frequency control by an inverter is generally used, but it rotates at a speed corresponding to the frequency, that is, a speed slightly slower than the synchronous speed, and further according to the load torque. The speed fluctuates. Therefore, in order to perform accurate speed control, the rotational speed of the rotor is detected, vector control calculation using the speed command and the detected rotational speed is performed, and the frequency, voltage and phase of the alternating current to be applied. Need to always control.
  • Permanent magnet synchronous motors have a permanent magnet attached to the rotor and a torque generated by the action of the rotating magnetic field generated by applying a three-phase alternating current to the stator winding and the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet. It is intended to rotate. Since the rotation speed is the synchronous speed, the speed control is easy.
  • the permanent magnet synchronous motor since the permanent magnet synchronous motor generates torque only at the synchronous speed, it has a drawback that it cannot be self-started at rest at the commercial frequency. Also, in order to control the rotational speed without causing a loss of synchronization, generally, after acquiring information on the rotational position of the rotor, vector control calculation or the like is performed to determine the frequency, voltage, and phase of the alternating current to be applied. Need to control. In this way, it has the characteristics of an induction motor that can be self-started and the characteristics of a permanent magnet synchronous motor that rotates at a synchronous speed, and the motor can be speed controlled with a simple general-purpose variable voltage variable frequency inverter without performing complicated vector control. There was an expectation.
  • a winding for starting up as an induction motor is provided on the rotor separately from the permanent magnet, and after starting up as an induction motor.
  • various permanent magnet synchronous motors having a structure capable of constant speed operation as a synchronous motor.
  • Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-153356 published by the Japan Patent Office
  • a squirrel-cage winding is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the rotor, and a plurality of permanent magnets are disposed on the inner peripheral side of the rotor.
  • a description of the structure is shown in FIG.
  • the squirrel-cage winding on the outer peripheral side of the rotor enables starting as an induction motor.
  • the system approaches the synchronous speed after being activated, it is rotated at the synchronous speed by the action of the permanent magnet, and the constant speed operation is performed as the synchronous motor.
  • An object of the present invention is to propose an electric motor capable of high-efficiency driving as a permanent magnet synchronous motor and capable of self-starting.
  • the present invention comprises a rotor having a permanent magnet attached to an iron core and a stator having a multiphase winding disposed around the rotor, and a multiphase AC is applied to the multiphase winding of the stator.
  • a multiphase AC is applied to the multiphase winding of the stator.
  • the configuration is such that at least these two permanent magnets are exposed at a predetermined position on the cylindrical surface of the rotor facing the stator and are arranged uniformly, and a position different from the arrangement position of the at least two permanent magnets.
  • a braking winding (cage winding) is arranged along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical surface.
  • the induction motor can be self-started as an induction motor using a brake winding, and when the synchronous speed is reached, it operates as a synchronous motor using a permanent magnet.
  • at least two permanent magnets are arranged so as to be exposed on the cylindrical surface of the rotor so as to be close to the stator core, and the brake winding portion is also close to the stator core. Therefore, the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet is smoothly distributed, and a highly efficient synchronous motor can be obtained.
  • the braking winding arranged on the rotor is constituted by a split cage winding obtained by dividing the cage winding along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical surface, so that the permanent magnet and the braking are provided on the rotor cylindrical surface.
  • the windings can be arranged alternately and efficiently.
  • One end of the permanent magnet is held by the end of the conductor constituting the split cage winding adjacent to the one end, and the other end of the permanent magnet is divided adjacent to the other end.
  • the permanent magnets can be fixed to the rotor, so that the permanent magnets can be fixed using the conductors that make up the split-cage windings.
  • the conductor that plays a role of suppressing the magnet also plays a role of reducing a leakage magnetic field that returns to the other pole of the permanent magnet in the rotor through the rotor core without the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet going to the stator.
  • the cage winding does not constitute the split cage winding, but is an end in which all conductors of the cage winding are arranged at both ends of the rotor like the cage winding of a normal induction motor. It can also be set as the structure short-circuited by an entanglement ring.
  • FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing which shows the example of the cross-sectional structure of the electric motor by one embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structural example of the rotor of the electric motor by one embodiment of this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view which decomposes
  • the electric motor according to the present embodiment includes a rotor 100 in which permanent magnets 110 a and 110 b are attached to an iron core 102, and a multiphase winding (three-phase winding) disposed around the rotor 100.
  • This is a permanent magnet synchronous motor constituted by a stator 200 having an AC winding 202).
  • a three-phase alternating current is applied to the three-phase alternating current winding 202, which is a multiphase winding, and a rotating magnetic field is generated.
  • the stator 200 has a plurality of slots 201 arranged annularly, and a three-phase AC winding 202 is arranged in each slot 201. .
  • an alternating current of another phase is applied every 30 ° as the three-phase AC winding 202 so that the winding ranges of the respective phases as U phase, V phase, and W phase are shown in FIG. It is.
  • FIG. 2 shows a state in which the rotor 100 is removed from the stator 200
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of each member constituting the rotor 100.
  • the rotor 100 has a rotating shaft 101 attached to the center of a cylindrical iron core 102.
  • Two permanent magnets 110a and 110b are arranged at equal intervals on the cylindrical surface which is the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical iron core 102.
  • the two permanent magnets 110 a and 110 b have the same shape, are elongated strips having a length substantially equal to the length of the iron core 102 attached to the rotating shaft 101, and are curved along the cylindrical surface of the iron core 102. .
  • the outer peripheral surfaces of the curved permanent magnets 110a and 110b are exposed to the outside and face the slot 201 on the stator 200 side shown in FIG.
  • the outer side of each permanent magnet 110a, 110b is an N pole
  • the inner side is an S pole.
  • Cage-shaped winding portions 120a and 120b are disposed beside the strip-shaped permanent magnets 110a and 110b disposed on the cylindrical surface of the iron core 102.
  • the squirrel-cage winding portions 120a and 120b of the present embodiment are divided into two squirrel-cage windings.
  • the cage winding portion 120a has one end and the other end of eight conductor rods 121a and two conductor rods of the conductor frame 122a. The shape is supported by the support portion 123a.
  • the squirrel-cage winding portion is shown separated from the iron core 102 in FIG.
  • the eight conductor rods 121 a are actually provided on the iron core 102 at a position slightly inside from the outer peripheral surface of the iron core 102. It arrange
  • the conductor frame 122a of the squirrel-cage winding part 120a has a curved shape along the outer peripheral surface of the iron core 102, and is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the iron core 102 continuously with the outer peripheral surface 111a of the permanent magnet. As shown in FIG. 3, a stepped portion 102a is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the iron core 102, and the conductor frame 122a is fitted into the stepped portion 102a.
  • the end face 124a of the conductor frame 122a of the cage-shaped winding part 120a is shaped to be joined to the end face 112a of the permanent magnet 110a.
  • the end faces 124a and 112a are inclined obliquely so that the conductor frame 122a presses the permanent magnet 110a from above.
  • the end face 124a on the opposite side of the conductor frame 122a (the tips of the two conductor rod support portions 123a) is shaped to be joined to the end face 112b of the permanent magnet 110b.
  • the other cage winding portions 120b have the same shape as the cage winding portion 120a. That is, the squirrel-cage winding portion 120b is configured to support one end and the other end of the eight conductor rods 121b with the two conductor rod support portions 123b of the conductor frame 122b.
  • the conductor rod 121b is also disposed in the through hole 103 provided in the iron core 102. As shown in the cross section of FIG. 1, the conductor rods 121a and 121b are evenly arranged at equal intervals.
  • the squirrel-cage winding portion 120 a is disposed on one side of the position where the permanent magnet 110 a is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the iron core 102. Then, a squirrel-cage winding part 120b is arranged on the other side. In addition, a squirrel-cage winding part 120a is arranged on one side of another permanent magnet 110b arrangement position, and a squirrel-cage winding part 120b is arranged on the other side. Therefore, in the rotor 100, the arrangement state of the cylindrical surface is arranged in the order of the permanent magnet 110a, the squirrel-cage winding part 120a, the permanent magnet 110b, and the squirrel-cage winding part 120b.
  • the angle ranges ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 3 in which the conductor rods 121a and 121b of the cage winding portions 120a and 120b are arranged, the permanent magnets 110a and 110b, and the conductor frames 122a and 122b on the side thereof are arranged.
  • the angular ranges ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4 are substantially equal. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the angle range in which the eight conductor rods 121a are arranged is the angle ⁇ 1, and the angle range in which the permanent magnet 110b and the left and right side conductor frames 122a and 122b are arranged is the angle ⁇ 2.
  • An angle range in which the eight conductor rods 121b are arranged is an angle ⁇ 3, and an angle range in which the permanent magnet 110a and the left and right side conductor frames 122a and 122b are arranged is an angle ⁇ 4.
  • the four angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are approximately equal at about 90 °.
  • one end face 112a and the other end face 112a of the permanent magnet 110a are pressed by the end face 124a of the squirrel-cage winding part 120a and the end face 124b of the squirrel-cage winding part 120b, so that the permanent magnet 110a has a surface side (N pole). It is fixed to the iron core 102 while being exposed to the outside.
  • one and the other end face 112b are pressed by the end face 124a of the squirrel-cage winding part 120a and the end face 124b of the squirrel-cage winding part 120b, so that the permanent magnet 110b has a surface side (N pole). It is fixed to the iron core 102 while being exposed to the outside.
  • Each of the squirrel-cage winding portions 120a and 120b is fixed to the iron core 102 side by inserting the conductor rods 121a and 121b through the through holes 103 of the iron core 102.
  • the magnetic field generated by the thus configured rotor 100 will be described later.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a drive circuit configuration of the electric motor according to the present embodiment.
  • a three-phase alternating current is generated by the inverter circuit 2 capable of changing the voltage and frequency.
  • the frequency of the three-phase alternating current generated by the inverter circuit 2 is set by a command from the frequency command generation unit 5.
  • the frequency command in the frequency command generator 5 is generated based on the speed command obtained at the speed command input terminal 4.
  • the three-phase alternating current of U phase, V phase, and W phase generated by the inverter circuit 2 is supplied to the electric motor 3.
  • the electric motor 3 is the electric motor shown in cross section in FIG. 1, and three-phase alternating current is supplied from the inverter circuit 2 to the three-phase alternating current winding 202 of the stator 200, and a rotating magnetic field corresponding to the frequency of the three-phase alternating current is generated. Is done.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an outline of the generation state of these four rotating magnetic fields.
  • a rotating magnetic field H 21, H 22, H 23, H 24 can be generated by causing a three-phase AC current to flow through the three-phase AC winding 202 on the stator 200 side.
  • FIG. 8 shows the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets 110a and 110b.
  • Two magnetic fields H 11 and H 12 are generated around the permanent magnet 110a, and two magnetic fields are centered around the other permanent magnet 110b.
  • H 13 and H 14 are generated.
  • the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets 110a and 110b acts on the rotating magnetic field to function as a synchronous motor.
  • FIG. 5 shows the slip characteristics and torque of the electric motor according to the present embodiment.
  • the characteristic is in the state of synchronous operation
  • the curve between the slip s of 1 and 0 is the characteristic when operating as an induction motor.
  • the slip s approaches 0, and when the value Ta approaches 0 to some extent, it is drawn into the value Tb in the synchronous operation, and the synchronous operation state Then, the slip state s is 0 and a predetermined torque is generated, resulting in an efficient operation state.
  • This characteristic curve can be freely set by designing the width and thickness of the magnet, the squirrel-cage winding, and the like.
  • FIG. 6 shows the slip characteristics and torque when the magnet width (angle) and magnet thickness are changed.
  • the characteristic T1 shows the torque [Nm] and slip s of a general induction motor.
  • the induction motor shown as characteristic T1 is an example having a rated torque of 23.6 Nm.
  • the characteristics T2, T3, and T4 show the torque [Nm] and the slip s of the electric motor in the example of the present embodiment, and both are 23.6 Nm, which is the same rated torque as the induction machine of the characteristic T1. This is an example of the configuration.
  • the characteristic T2 is an example of the characteristic when the magnet arrangement angle is 30 degrees and the magnet thickness is 5 mm.
  • the characteristic T3 is an example of the characteristic when the magnet arrangement angle is 40 degrees and the magnet thickness is 2.3 mm.
  • the characteristic T4 is an example of the characteristic when the magnet arrangement angle is 50 degrees and the magnet thickness is 1.9 mm. In each example of the present embodiment, it can be seen that all can be started as an induction machine and operated as a synchronous motor.
  • the rotation speed at the time of rotation at the synchronous speed is represented by (120 ⁇ frequency / number of poles) [rpm].
  • the frequency is a three-phase AC frequency applied to the three-phase AC winding 202.
  • the number of poles is the number of magnetic poles on the circumferential surface of the stator winding 202 and the rotor 100, and in this example, it is four.
  • the rotational speed proportional to the frequency of the three-phase alternating current applied to the three-phase alternating current winding 202 is the synchronous speed. For this reason, the rotational speed can be freely and accurately controlled only by controlling the frequency of the three-phase alternating current generated by the inverter circuit 2.
  • the permanent magnet and the squirrel-cage winding that is the brake winding are alternately arranged on the cylindrical surface of the rotor, so that the magnetic field and the rotating magnetic field by the magnet are excellent and smooth. It becomes possible to distribute. Therefore, the output and efficiency can be improved as compared with a conventionally proposed motor combining a permanent magnet and a braking winding, and a self-starting and highly efficient synchronous motor can be obtained.
  • the magnet arranged in an exposed state on the surface of the cylindrical surface of the iron core is sandwiched between the conductors of the squirrel-cage windings arranged on both sides thereof, so that it is held and fixed on the iron core side. Therefore, it is possible to easily and satisfactorily hold the permanent magnet in a state of being arranged on the surface of the cylindrical surface of the iron core.
  • Conventionally proposed rotors combining permanent magnets and braking windings have a structure in which the permanent magnets are embedded and fixed inside the iron core, and there is a problem that the configuration is complicated and the embedding work is troublesome.
  • the permanent magnet can be arranged at a good position without requiring such a complicated structure.
  • the conductor that acts as a permanent magnet suppressor has a leakage magnetic field that returns from the N pole of the permanent magnets 110a and 110b to the S pole of the permanent magnet through the rotor core 102 without going to the stator 200. It also has a mitigating effect.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a 6-pole rotor in which three permanent magnets are arranged uniformly.
  • the permanent magnets 310a, 310b, and 310c are evenly arranged on the circumferential surface, and the cage winding 320a is provided between the permanent magnet 310a and the permanent magnet 310b.
  • the cage-shaped winding part 320b is disposed between the permanent magnet 310b and the permanent magnet 310c, and the cage-shaped winding part 320c is disposed between the permanent magnet 310c and the permanent magnet 310a.
  • Each of the cage winding portions 320a to 320c includes conductor rods 321a, 321b, and 321c and conductor frames 322a, 322b, and 322c, respectively, and has the same shape as the cage winding portion shown in FIG.
  • Each permanent magnet 310a, 310b, 310c is also held and fixed by being sandwiched between adjacent cage windings 320a to 320c. In this case, as shown in FIG.
  • the angle ranges ⁇ 12, ⁇ 14, and ⁇ 16 in which the conductor rods 321a, 321b, and 321c of 320b and 320c are disposed are substantially equal.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of an 8-pole rotor in which four permanent magnets are arranged uniformly.
  • the rotor 400 shown in cross section in FIG. 10 has permanent magnets 410a, 410b, 410c, and 410d arranged uniformly on the circumferential surface, and a squirrel-cage winding portion between the permanent magnet 410a and the permanent magnet 410b.
  • 420a is disposed
  • a cage winding 420b is disposed between the permanent magnet 410b and the permanent magnet 410c
  • a cage winding 420c is disposed between the permanent magnet 410c and the permanent magnet 410d.
  • a cage winding portion 420d is arranged between the magnet 410d and the permanent magnet 410a, and a total of four cage winding portions 420a to 420d are arranged.
  • Each of the cage winding parts 420a to 420d includes a conductor rod 421a, 421b, 421c, 421d and a conductor frame 422a, 422b, 422c, 422d, respectively, which is the same as the cage winding part shown in FIG. As a shape.
  • Each permanent magnet 410a, 410b, 410c, 410d is also held and fixed by being sandwiched between adjacent cage windings 420a to 420d. In this case, as shown in FIG.
  • the angle ranges ⁇ 22, ⁇ 24, ⁇ 26, and ⁇ 28 in which the conductor rods 421a, 421b, 421c, and 421d of the shape winding portions 420a, 420b, 420c, and 420d are disposed are substantially equal.
  • the squirrel-cage winding is composed of a plurality of conductor rods and a conductor frame supporting the conductor rods as a split cage winding.
  • the length of the permanent magnet 141 is the same as that of the conductor rods 121a and 121b, and each conductor rod (for example, 121a, 121b, 122a and 122b in the case of FIG. 2) is connected to one end and the other end. It is good also as a shape short-circuited by the rings 134 and 135.
  • the plate-shaped portions 131 and 132 of the squirrel-cage winding portion that are in contact with the permanent magnet 141 are also configured to be in contact with the end rings 134 and 135 as having the same length as the permanent magnet 141.
  • a brake winding having another shape may be used. Skew can also be applied to reduce torque ripple.
  • the ratio of the rotor cage winding and the permanent magnet in the circumferential direction is shown, for example, in the case where ⁇ 1, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 4 in FIG. 1 are substantially equal, but this ratio is changed depending on the application. As a result, the characteristics of the induction motor can be enhanced, and the characteristics of the permanent magnet motor can be enhanced.
  • the three-phase winding 202 arranged in the slot 201 shown in FIG. 1 is an example, and other winding structures such as a concentrated winding may be used.
  • the motor structure a rotary motor is exemplified, but a linear motor structure may be used.
  • the supplied AC signal in principle, it is possible to supply multi-phase AC other than three-phase to the stator windings, but in reality it is possible to generate three-phase AC that can be generated by a general-purpose inverter circuit. It is common to use.
  • specific embodiments such as the number, size, and shape of conductors and the number, size, and shape of permanent magnets are shown by way of illustration, and the present invention is limited to these illustrated examples. It is not meant to be expressed.
  • DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power supply input part, 2 ... Inverter circuit, 3 ... Electric motor, 4 ... Speed command input terminal, 5 ... Frequency command generation part, 100 ... Rotor, 101 ... Rotary shaft, 102 ... Iron core, 102a, 102b ... Step part DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 103 ... Through-hole, 110a, 110b ... Permanent magnet, 111a, 111b ... Outer peripheral surface, 112a, 112b ... End surface, 120a, 120b ... Cage-shaped winding part, 121a, 121b ... Conductor rod, 122a, 122b ... Conductor frame, 123a , 123b ...
  • conductor rod support part 124a, 124b ... end face, 131, 132 ... plate-like part, 134, 135 ... end winding ring, 141 ... permanent magnet, 200 ... stator, 201 ... slot, 202 ... three-phase AC winding 300, rotor, 301, rotating shaft, 310a, 310b, 310c ... permanent magnet, 320a, 320b, 320c ... squirrel-cage winding part, 321a, 3 1b, 321c ... conductor rod, 322a, 322b, 322c ... conductor frame, 400 ... rotor, 401 ... rotating shaft, 410a, 410b, 410c, 410d ...

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un moteur électrique conçu de manière à disposer d'un entraînement très efficace ainsi que d'un auto-démarrage, en tant que moteur électrique à synchronisation à aimants permanents. Le moteur électrique à synchronisation à aimants permanents selon la présente invention est constitué d'un élément rotatif (100), doté d'aimants permanents qui sont attachés sur un noyau de fer, et d'un élément fixe (200), comprenant en outre un enroulement polyphasé (202), qui est placé sur la périphérie de l'élément rotatif. Un courant polyphasé est appliqué sur l'enroulement polyphasé (202) de l'élément fixe (200) qui est appliqué sur le moteur électrique à synchronisation à aimants permanents. Sa configuration est la suivante : au moins deux aimants permanents (110a, 110b) sont placés de façon exposée et équidistante à des positions prescrites sur la face cylindrique de l'élément rotatif (100) et à l'opposé de l'élément fixe (200). Des enroulements amortisseurs (enroulements se présentant sous la forme d'un panier) (121a, 122a, 121b, 122b) sont placés à des emplacements différents des emplacements de positionnement des aimants permanents (110a, 110b) dans la direction circonférentielle de la face cylindrique. Lorsqu'il est activé, le moteur démarre en tant que moteur à induction en utilisant les enroulements amortisseurs et tourne en tant que moteur électrique à synchronisation au moyen des aimants permanents lorsqu'une vitesse de synchronisation est atteinte.
PCT/JP2011/053376 2010-03-02 2011-02-17 Moteur électrique à synchronisation à aimants permanents WO2011108363A1 (fr)

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JP2015515254A (ja) * 2012-04-20 2015-05-21 フィンクル ルイＦＩＮＫＬＥ， Ｌｏｕｉｅ 自己調整可能な永久磁石型インナーロータを備えたハイブリッド誘導モータ
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