WO2011104992A1 - 光電変換素子及び光電変換素子用色素 - Google Patents
光電変換素子及び光電変換素子用色素 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011104992A1 WO2011104992A1 PCT/JP2010/073519 JP2010073519W WO2011104992A1 WO 2011104992 A1 WO2011104992 A1 WO 2011104992A1 JP 2010073519 W JP2010073519 W JP 2010073519W WO 2011104992 A1 WO2011104992 A1 WO 2011104992A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dye
- photoelectric conversion
- group
- metal oxide
- conversion element
- Prior art date
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- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- UHGIMQLJWRAPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O UHGIMQLJWRAPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxytitamium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Ti+2]=O.C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perinone Chemical compound C12=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C4=C2C1=CC=C4C(=O)N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C13 DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- CMPQUABWPXYYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CMPQUABWPXYYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000002165 photosensitisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BJDYCCHRZIFCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;iodide Chemical class I.C1=CC=NC=C1 BJDYCCHRZIFCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UCFSULAKAYDAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-1-ium;iodide Chemical class I.N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UCFSULAKAYDAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002265 redox agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KCSOHLKZTZMKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraheptylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCC)(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC KCSOHLKZTZMKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrahexylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBLZDUAOBOMSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapentylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCC[N+](CCCCC)(CCCCC)CCCCC FBLZDUAOBOMSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KKLAORVGAKUOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(phenyl)azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KKLAORVGAKUOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
- H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/02—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups
- C09B23/08—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups more than three >CH- groups, e.g. polycarbocyanines
- C09B23/086—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups more than three >CH- groups, e.g. polycarbocyanines more than five >CH- groups
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/652—Cyanine dyes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element and a dye for photoelectric conversion element.
- dyes are widely used in various technical fields.
- a dye having a photosensitizing action is used for a working electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell generally has an electrode having an oxide semiconductor as a dye carrier, is excited by absorbing the incident light, and the excited dye absorbs electrons. By injecting the carrier, photoelectric conversion is performed. And, this type of dye-sensitized solar cell can theoretically be expected to have high energy conversion efficiency among organic solar cells, and can be manufactured at a lower price than a solar cell using a conventional silicon semiconductor, It is considered very advantageous in terms of cost.
- organic dyes such as ruthenium complex dyes and cyanine dyes are widely known as dyes used in photoelectric conversion elements.
- cyanine dyes are relatively stable and can be easily synthesized, and thus various studies have been made.
- Patent Document 1 has a structure in which an indolenine skeleton is bonded to both ends of a methine chain skeleton for the purpose of improving energy conversion efficiency and the like, and a carboxylic acid as an anchor group for adsorbing to an oxide semiconductor electrode.
- a cyanine dye having an acid group is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 has a structure in which an indolenine skeleton is bonded to both ends of a heptamethine chain skeleton into which a cyclo ring is introduced for the purpose of improving photoelectric conversion characteristics in the near infrared to infrared region,
- a cyanine dye having a carboxylic acid group as an anchor group for adsorbing to an oxide semiconductor electrode is disclosed.
- the cyanine dye described in Patent Document 2 has a maximum absorption wavelength in the vicinity of 800 nm and is nearly colorless and transparent, but has poor adhesion (adsorbability) to the metal oxide layer, and the dye peels off. There was a problem that it was easy to do. Further, the dye used for the photoelectric conversion element has insufficient energy conversion efficiency, and further improvement has been demanded.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the purpose thereof is high light absorption intensity in the near-infrared to infrared region, and excellent adhesion (adsorption) to the metal oxide layer, This is to provide a dye for a photoelectric conversion element and a photoelectric conversion element that are excellent in photoelectric conversion characteristics.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a light green or colorless and transparent dye for a photoelectric conversion element and a photoelectric conversion element.
- the present invention provides the following ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>.
- ⁇ 1> In a photoelectric conversion element including a working electrode having a dye-supported metal oxide electrode in which a dye is supported on a metal oxide layer, as the dye, the following general formula (1): (In the formula (1), R1 to R4 are each independently a linear alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and each may be the same or different.
- A1 and A2 are the following: It is any one selected from aromatic ring group A (in order to indicate the condensation position with the pyrrole ring, the pyrrole ring in formula (1) is represented by arc a), and each is the same or different These may have a substituent in the aromatic ring, An p- is a p-valent anion, p is 1 or 2, and q keeps the overall charge of the dye neutral. It is a coefficient.
- ⁇ Aromatic ring group A> Including a compound having a structure represented by: Photoelectric conversion element.
- A1 and A2 are benzene rings.
- R1 to R4 are linear alkyl groups having 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the metal oxide layer is substantially composed of zinc oxide.
- the photoelectric conversion element according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3> above.
- R1 to R4 are each independently a linear alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and each may be the same or different.
- A1 and A2 are the following: It is any one selected from aromatic ring group A (in order to indicate the condensation position with the pyrrole ring, the pyrrole ring in formula (1) is represented by arc a), and each is the same or different These may have a substituent in the aromatic ring, An p- is a p-valent anion, p is 1 or 2, and q keeps the overall charge of the dye neutral. It is a coefficient.
- ⁇ Aromatic ring group A> The pigment
- A1 and A2 are benzene rings.
- R1 to R4 are linear alkyl groups having 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a dye for a photoelectric conversion element having a high light absorption intensity in the near-infrared to infrared region and having excellent adhesion (adsorption) to the metal oxide layer is realized. Therefore, a photoelectric conversion element with improved photoelectric conversion characteristics can be realized simply and reliably by using this dye for photoelectric conversion elements. Moreover, since it is possible to realize not only excellent photoelectric conversion characteristics but also a light green or colorless and transparent photoelectric conversion element, a new color variation can be created.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a dye-sensitized solar cell 100.
- the dye of this embodiment is used for a photoelectric conversion element such as a dye-sensitized solar cell, and has a structure represented by the general formula (1) (hereinafter referred to as “cyanine structure represented by the general formula (1)”).
- a compound having a cyanine structure represented by the general formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as “cyanine compound of the present embodiment”) is adsorbed to, for example, a metal oxide layer (support) containing a metal oxide semiconductor material.
- a metal oxide layer (support) containing a metal oxide semiconductor material In addition to having a property (bonding property), it is a compound that is excited by absorbing light and can inject electrons into the carrier.
- R1 to R4 are each independently a linear alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and each may be the same or different.
- A1 and A2 are the following: It is any one selected from aromatic ring group A (in order to indicate the condensation position with the pyrrole ring, the pyrrole ring in formula (1) is represented by arc a), and each is the same or different These may have a substituent in the aromatic ring, An p- is a p-valent anion, p is 1 or 2, and q keeps the overall charge of the dye neutral. It is a coefficient. ⁇ Aromatic ring group A>
- the linear alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms is n-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n-nonyl.
- n-decyl group n-undecyl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n-octadecyl group, n-nonadecyl group
- Group means n-eicosyl group.
- R1 to R4 are all required to be linear alkyl groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of improving photoelectric conversion characteristics.
- an alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms When an alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms is used, the association inhibition of the cyanine compound of this embodiment becomes insufficient, and the adsorptivity of the cyanine compound of this embodiment to the metal oxide semiconductor material tends to deteriorate.
- an alkyl group having 21 or more carbon atoms when an alkyl group having 21 or more carbon atoms is used, the intermolecular distance becomes too large, and the electron injection efficiency from the cyanine compound of the present embodiment to the metal oxide semiconductor material tends to decrease.
- R1 to R4 are linear alkyl groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- the association inhibition of the cyanine compound of the present embodiment is insufficient, and excellent photoelectric conversion characteristics are difficult to obtain. There is a tendency.
- R1 to R4 are linear alkyl groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- synthesis is difficult and cost tends to increase. From these viewpoints, in the general formula (1), it is preferable that all of R1 to R4 are linear alkyl groups having 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
- A1 and A2 broaden the ⁇ conjugation as the whole molecule to broaden the width of the light absorption wavelength region, and from the viewpoint of setting the maximum absorption wavelength of the light absorption peak at around 800 nm, It is required to be any one aromatic ring selected from the above aromatic ring group A.
- A1 and A2 are preferably benzene rings.
- A1 and A2 may be the same aromatic ring or different aromatic rings, but are preferably the same aromatic ring from the viewpoint of easy synthesis and cost reduction.
- any of the aromatic rings shown in the above aromatic ring group A may have a substituent.
- substituents that may be introduced into the aromatic ring include a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, etc.), a linear or branched group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Alkyl groups (methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, etc.), halogenated alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (CF 3 , CCl 3 etc.) ), An alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (methoxy group, ethoxy group, propyloxy group, isopropyloxy group, butyloxy group, second butyloxy group, third butyloxy group, etc.), halogenated alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- the substituents of the aromatic rings A1 and A2 may be the same or different.
- the cyanine compound of this embodiment may have a counter anion (indicated by An p- in the general formula (1)) in order to keep the charge of the entire compound neutral.
- a counter anion indicated by An p- in the general formula (1)
- Any counter anion can be used as long as it is a monovalent or divalent anion.
- q described in the general formula (1) is a coefficient for keeping the electric charge neutral as a whole of the cyanine compound shown in the general formula (1), and may be 0.
- the cyanine compound of the present embodiment may be a so-called internal salt in which a salt is formed in the molecule.
- the cyanine compound of this embodiment is an ionized acidic group such as a —CH 2 CH 2 COOH group introduced into the nitrogen atom of the indolenine skeleton.
- cyanine compound of this embodiment a linear alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms is introduced into R1 to R4 and molecular association is suppressed, so that excited electrons are hardly deactivated. In contrast, electrons are efficiently injected. Therefore, in the photoelectric conversion element using the cyanine compound of the present embodiment as a dye, the ratio of the amount of electrons injected from the cyanine compound of the present embodiment to the metal oxide semiconductor material with respect to the amount of irradiated light increases, and IPCE ( Incident Photons to Current conversion Efficiency) has improved, and as a result, conversion efficiency is considered to have improved.
- IPCE Incident Photons to Current conversion Efficiency
- IPCE represents the ratio of photocurrent converted to the number of electrons with respect to the number of photons irradiated in the photoelectric conversion element
- IPCE (%) Isc ⁇ 1240 / ⁇ ⁇ 1 / ⁇ (formula Where Isc is a short circuit current, ⁇ is a wavelength, and ⁇ is an incident light intensity.
- the cyanine dye described in Patent Document 2 has poor adhesion (adsorbability) to the metal oxide layer, and the energy conversion efficiency is insufficient as a dye used for the photoelectric conversion element. . From the comparison with the cyanine dye described in Patent Document 2, the following is presumed. That is, in the cyanine compound of this embodiment, a linear alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms is introduced into R1 to R4 to suppress the association of the cyanine compound, while the heptamethine chain skeleton has a cyclo ring or the like.
- the cyanine compound of this embodiment has enhanced electron injection into the metal oxide semiconductor material.
- the photoelectric conversion element using the cyanine compound of the present embodiment is considered to have improved energy conversion efficiency as compared with the one using the cyanine dye described in Patent Document 2.
- anchor group refers to a group having chemical or electrostatic affinity or binding ability to a metal oxide layer (support) containing a metal oxide semiconductor material. This anchor group may be introduced into the aromatic ring shown in the aromatic ring group A in addition to the —CH 2 CH 2 COOH group introduced into the nitrogen atom of the indolenine skeleton.
- cyanine compound of the present embodiment include the following, but are not particularly limited thereto.
- (B4) to (B18) only the structures not including An p- in the general formula (1) are shown, but as described above, these have an arbitrary An p-. May be. That is, any monovalent or divalent anion as described above can be arbitrarily combined, and the same applies to other anions.
- an acidic group may be ionized to form an internal salt.
- the cyanine compound of this embodiment has CIE (Commission Internationale d'Eclairage) Yxy color system chromaticity coordinates (x, y) of 0.0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.4 and 0.3 ⁇ y ⁇ 0. .8, preferably 0.30 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.33, and more preferably 0.32 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.35. Since the cyanine compound of the present embodiment in such a range exhibits light green to green color, and a colorless and transparent working electrode can be realized by visual observation, a new color variation can be achieved in a photoelectric conversion element having excellent photoelectric conversion characteristics. It becomes possible to create.
- CIE Commission Internationale d'Eclairage
- the measurement of the chromaticity coordinates (x, y) of the CIE Yxy color system is performed using a working electrode for a photoelectric conversion element (having a metal oxide electrode on which a dye is supported on a substrate). It means that produced and measured using this working electrode. At this time, the adsorption amount of the dye is optimized so that the energy conversion efficiency is the highest.
- the cyanine compound represented by the general formula (1) can be obtained by a method using a well-known general reaction, and its production method is not particularly limited.
- a cyanine compound represented by the general formula (1) can be synthesized from an indolenium salt and an amidine hydrochloride as in the route represented by the following chemical reaction formula (I).
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a dye-sensitized solar cell 100 which is a photoelectric conversion element of the present embodiment.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 includes a working electrode 11, a counter electrode 21, and an electrolyte 31 provided between the working electrode 11 and the counter electrode 21. At least one of the working electrode 11 and the counter electrode 21 is an electrode having optical transparency.
- the working electrode 11 and the counter electrode 21 are arranged to face each other via a spacer 41, and an electrolyte 31 is enclosed in a sealing space defined by the working electrode 11, the counter electrode 21, the spacer 41, and a sealing member (not shown). Has been.
- the working electrode 11 functions as a negative electrode for the external circuit.
- the working electrode 11 includes a porous metal oxide layer 13 containing a metal oxide (metal oxide semiconductor material) on the conductive surface 12a of the base 12, and the metal oxide layer 13 has the general formula (
- the dye-carrying metal oxide electrode 14 is formed by carrying (adsorbing) the compound (dye) having the cyanine structure shown in 1).
- the compound having the cyanine structure represented by the general formula (1) described above is supported (adsorbed) on the metal oxide (metal oxide semiconductor material) surface of the metal oxide layer 13.
- the composite structure thus obtained has a structure (dye-supporting metal oxide electrode 14) laminated on the conductive surface 12a of the base 12.
- the substrate 12 is not particularly limited in type and size as long as it can support at least the metal oxide layer 13.
- a plate-like or sheet-like material is preferably used.
- Specific examples thereof include glass substrates, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, tetraacetylcellulose (TAC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS), and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
- the base 12 has translucency, and the thing excellent in the translucency in visible region is more preferable.
- the base 12 is preferably flexible. In this case, it is possible to provide various types of structures utilizing the flexibility.
- the conductive surface 12a can be applied to the base 12 by, for example, forming a transparent conductive film on the base 12 like a conductive PET film. Moreover, the process which provides the electroconductive surface 12a to the base
- the transparent conductive film include, for example, a metal thin film containing gold (Au), silver (Ag), or platinum (Pt), a conductive polymer, and the like, as well as indium-tin oxide ( ITO), indium - zinc oxide (IZO), other SnO 2, InO 3, although FTO fluorine-doped SnO 2 (F-SnO 2), and the like, not particularly limited thereto.
- the formation method of a transparent conductive film is not specifically limited, For example, well-known methods, such as a vapor deposition method, CVD method, a spray method, a spin coat method, or an immersion method, are applicable. Moreover, the film thickness of a transparent conductive film can be set suitably.
- the conductive surface 12a of the substrate 12 may be subjected to appropriate surface modification treatment as necessary. Specifically, for example, a known surface treatment such as a degreasing treatment with a surfactant, an organic solvent or an alkaline aqueous solution, a mechanical polishing treatment, an immersion treatment in an aqueous solution, a preliminary electrolytic treatment with an electrolytic solution, a water washing treatment, a drying treatment, etc. However, it is not particularly limited to these.
- the metal oxide layer 13 is a carrier that carries a dye.
- the metal oxide layer 13 generally has a porous structure with many voids and a large surface area, and is preferably dense and has few voids, and preferably has a film shape. More preferred. In particular, the metal oxide layer 13 preferably has a structure in which porous fine particles are attached.
- the metal oxide layer 13 of this embodiment is mainly composed of a metal oxide such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, indium oxide, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, vanadium oxide, yttrium oxide, aluminum oxide, or magnesium oxide. It is a porous semiconductor layer as a component. These metal oxides may be used alone or in combination of two or more (mixed, mixed crystal, solid solution, etc.). For example, a combination of zinc oxide and tin oxide, titanium oxide and niobium oxide, or the like can be used. From the viewpoint of obtaining high energy conversion efficiency, the metal oxide layer 13 is preferably a layer substantially made of zinc oxide.
- the metal oxide layer 13 is made of a metal such as titanium, tin, zinc, iron, tungsten, zirconium, strontium, indium, cerium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, cadmium, lead, antimony, bismuth, these metal oxides and These metal chalcogenides may be included.
- the thickness of the metal oxide layer 13 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 50 ⁇ m.
- a method for forming the metal oxide layer 13 for example, a method of applying a metal oxide dispersion on the conductive surface 12a of the substrate 12 and then drying, a metal oxide dispersion or paste (metal oxide slurry) Is applied to the conductive surface 12a of the substrate 12, followed by high-temperature sintering. After the metal oxide dispersion or paste is applied to the conductive surface 12a of the substrate 12, a low temperature treatment of about 50 to 150 ° C. is performed.
- a method of cathodic electrodeposition from an electrolytic solution containing a metal salt onto the conductive surface 12a of the substrate 12 is exemplified, but the method is not particularly limited thereto.
- a plastic material having low heat resistance can be used as the base 12, and thus the working electrode 11 having high flexibility can be manufactured.
- the metal oxide layer 13 has a cyanine structure represented by the general formula (1) described above as a dye (sensitizing dye) capable of injecting electrons into the metal oxide by being excited by absorbing light.
- a dye sensitizing dye capable of injecting electrons into the metal oxide by being excited by absorbing light.
- the compound having it is supported (adsorbed).
- dye other pigment
- dye sensitizing pigment
- one having a desired light absorption band / absorption spectrum can be applied.
- dyes include, for example, eosin Y, dibromofluorescein, fluorescein, rhodamine B, pyrogallol, dichlorofluorescein, erythrosine B (erythrocin is a registered trademark), fluorescin, mercurochrome, cyanine dye, merocyanine disazo dye, trisazo Dyes, anthraquinone dyes, polycyclic quinone dyes, indigo dyes, diphenylmethane dyes, trimethylmethane dyes, quinoline dyes, benzophenone dyes, naphthoquinone dyes, perylene dyes, fluorenone dyes, squarylium dyes, Examples thereof include organic dyes such as azulenium dyes, perinone dyes, quinacridone dyes, metal-free phthalocyanine dyes, and metal-free porphyrin dyes.
- dyes have an anchor group (for example, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, or a phosphoric acid group etc.) which can couple
- anchor group for example, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, or a phosphoric acid group etc.
- These other dyes may be used alone or in combination.
- organometallic complex compounds can be used as other pigments.
- the organometallic complex compound include, for example, an ionic coordination bond formed between a nitrogen anion and a metal cation in an aromatic heterocyclic ring, and a nitrogen atom or a chalcogen atom formed between the metal cation. Between a nitrogen atom or a chalcogen atom and a metal cation, and an organometallic complex compound having both a nonionic coordinate bond and an ionic coordinate bond formed by an oxygen or sulfur anion and a metal cation. And organometallic complex compounds having both nonionic coordination bonds formed on the surface.
- metal phthalocyanine dyes such as copper phthalocyanine and titanyl phthalocyanine, metal naphthalocyanine dyes, metal porphyrin dyes, bipyridyl ruthenium complexes, terpyridyl ruthenium complexes, phenanthroline ruthenium complexes, ruthenium bicinchonirate complexes, azo Examples include ruthenium complexes such as ruthenium complexes and quinolinol ruthenium complexes. These may be used alone or in combination.
- the pigment may contain one or more additives.
- the additive include an association inhibitor that suppresses association of the dye, and specifically, a cholic acid compound represented by the chemical formula (2). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- R91 is an alkyl group having an acidic group.
- R92 represents a group bonded to any of the carbon atoms constituting the steroid skeleton in the chemical formula, and represents a hydroxyl group, a halogen group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group.
- It is an integer of 5 or less.
- the bond between the carbon atoms constituting the steroid skeleton in the chemical formula may be a single bond or a double bond.
- the method for supporting the dye on the metal oxide layer 13 is not particularly limited. Specific examples thereof include a method of immersing the metal oxide layer 13 in a solution containing a dye and a method of applying a solution containing a dye to the metal oxide layer 13.
- the solvent of the dye-containing solution used here may be appropriately selected from known solvents such as water, ethanol solvents, nitrile solvents, ketone solvents, etc., depending on the solubility or compatibility of the dyes used. it can.
- the metal oxide layer 13 is formed by the cathode electrodeposition method
- an electrolytic solution containing a metal salt and a dye by using an electrolytic solution containing a metal salt and a dye, the metal oxide layer 13 is formed and the dye is supported at the same time.
- the dye-supported metal oxide electrode 14 supported (adsorbed) on the metal oxide surface of the oxide layer 13 can also be formed immediately.
- the electrolysis conditions may be appropriately set according to the characteristics of the material used in accordance with a conventional method. For example, when forming the dye-supported metal oxide electrode 14 made of ZnO and a dye, the reduction electrolysis potential is about ⁇ 0.8 to ⁇ 1.2 V (vs. Ag / AgCl), the pH is about 4 to 9, The bath temperature of the electrolytic solution is preferably about 0 to 100 ° C.
- the metal ion concentration in the electrolytic solution is preferably about 0.5 to 100 mM, and the dye concentration in the electrolytic solution is preferably about 50 to 500 ⁇ M. Furthermore, in order to further improve the photoelectric conversion characteristics, the dye may be once desorbed from the metal oxide layer 13 on which the dye is supported, and then another dye may be adsorbed again.
- the working electrode 11 may have an intermediate layer between the conductive surface 12a of the base 12 and the metal oxide layer 13.
- middle layer is not specifically limited, For example, the metal oxide etc. which were demonstrated by said transparent conductive film 12a are preferable.
- the intermediate layer is formed by depositing or depositing a metal oxide on the conductive surface 12a of the substrate 12 by a known method such as vapor deposition, CVD, spraying, spin coating, dipping, or electrodeposition. Can be formed.
- the intermediate layer preferably has translucency, and more preferably has conductivity.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the counter electrode 21 functions as a positive electrode for the external circuit.
- the counter electrode 21 includes a base body 22 having a conductive surface 22 a, and is disposed so as to face the metal oxide layer 13 of the working electrode 11.
- the base body 22 and the conductive surface 22a well-known ones can be appropriately employed as in the case of the base body 12 and the conductive surface 12a.
- a transparent conductive material is formed on the base body 12.
- a metal such as platinum, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, indium, molybdenum, titanium, rhodium, ruthenium, or magnesium, carbon, or a conductive polymer on the transparent conductive film 12a of the substrate 12 ( A plate, foil, or the like can be used.
- the electrolyte 31 may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together.
- Examples of the redox electrolyte include I ⁇ / I 3 ⁇ system, Br ⁇ / Br 3 ⁇ system, and quinone / hydroquinone system. Specifically, a combination of an iodide salt and a simple substance of iodine, a combination of a bromide salt and bromine, a combination of a halide salt and a simple substance of halogen, or the like.
- the content of the redox agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / g with respect to the total amount of the electrolyte, and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / g. g is more preferable.
- halide salts include cesium halides, quaternary alkyl ammoniums, imidazolium halides, thiazolium halides, oxazolium halides, quinolinium halides, pyridinium halides, and the like. Is mentioned.
- iodide salts for example, cesium iodide, tetraethylammonium iodide, tetrapropylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrapentylammonium iodide, tetrahexylammonium iodide, Quaternary alkylammonium iodides such as tetraheptylammonium iodide or trimethylphenylammonium iodide, imidazolium iodides such as 3-methylimidazolium iodide or 1-propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide 3-ethyl-2-methyl-2-thiazolium iodide, 3-ethyl-5- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-methylthiazolium iodide or 3-ethyl-2
- oxazolium iodides such as 3-ethyl-2-methyl-benzoxazolium iodide
- quinolinium iodides such as 1-ethyl-2-methylquinolinium iodide And pyridinium iodides.
- bromide salt include quaternary alkyl ammonium bromide.
- combinations of halide salts and simple halogens combinations of at least one of the above-described iodide salts and simple iodine are preferable.
- the redox electrolyte may be, for example, a combination of an ionic liquid and a halogen simple substance.
- the above-described halide salt and the like may be further included.
- What is generally used in a battery, a solar cell, etc. can be used suitably as an ionic liquid, and it does not specifically limit.
- Specific examples of the ionic liquid include, for example, “Inorg. Chem.” 1996, 35, p 1168 to 1178, “Electrochemistry” 2002, 2, p 130 to 136, JP-A-9-507334, or JP-A-8 The one disclosed in Japanese Patent No. -259543.
- the ionic liquid is preferably a salt having a melting point lower than room temperature (25 ° C.), or a salt that has a melting point higher than room temperature and liquefies at room temperature by dissolving with other molten salts.
- Specific examples of such an ionic liquid include the following anions and cations.
- Examples of the cation of the ionic liquid include ammonium, imidazolium, oxazolium, thiazolium, oxadiazolium, triazolium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium, piperidinium, pyrazolium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, triazinium, phosphonium, sulfonium, carbazolium, indolium, and their Derivatives. These may be used alone or in combination. Specific examples include 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and the like. .
- anion of the ionic liquid examples include metal chlorides such as AlCl 4 ⁇ or Al 2 Cl 7 — , PF 6 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , N (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ⁇ , Fluorine-containing ions such as F (HF) n ⁇ or CF 3 COO ⁇ , NO 3 ⁇ , CH 3 COO ⁇ , C 6 H 11 COO ⁇ , CH 3 OSO 3 ⁇ , CH 3 OSO 2 ⁇ , CH 3 SO Non-fluorine compound ions such as 3 ⁇ , CH 3 SO 2 ⁇ , (CH 3 O) 2 PO 2 ⁇ , N (CN) 2 ⁇ or SCN ⁇ , and halide ions such as iodide ions or bromide ions can be mentioned. . These may be used alone or in combination. Among these, iodide ions are preferable as the anions of the ionic liquid.
- the electrolyte 31 is a liquid electrolyte (electrolytic solution) in which the above-described redox electrolyte is dissolved, dispersed or suspended in a solvent
- “pseudo-solid” means a concept including a solid solid or a gel-like solid or a clay-like solid that hardly deforms but is deformable by application of stress.
- the conductive carbon material has a function of catalyzing the oxidation-reduction reaction, and therefore the halogen may not be contained in the electrolyte.
- the electrolyte 31 may contain an organic solvent that dissolves, disperses, swells or suspends the above-described halide salt, ionic liquid, or the like.
- the organic solvent can be used without any particular limitation as long as it is electrochemically inactive, but preferably has a melting point of 20 ° C. or lower and a boiling point of 80 ° C. or higher. Durability tends to be increased by using a material having a melting point and a boiling point within this range.
- the organic solvent preferably has a high viscosity. Since the boiling point is increased due to the high viscosity, leakage of the electrolyte tends to be suppressed even when exposed to a high temperature environment.
- the organic solvent preferably has a high electrical conductivity. High energy conversion efficiency tends to be obtained due to high electrical conductivity.
- organic solvents include hexane, benzene, toluene, quinoline, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, acetone, acetonitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, benzonitrile, 3-methoxy.
- the organic solvent has at least one of a nitrile group, a carbonate ester structure, a cyclic ester structure, a lactam structure, an amide group, an alcohol group, a sulfinyl group, a pyridine ring, and a cyclic ether structure as a functional group. Is preferred. This is because an organic solvent having such a functional group can provide a higher effect as compared with those not containing any of these functional groups.
- organic solvent having such a functional group examples include acetonitrile, propyl nitrile, butyronitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, methoxypropionitrile, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidone, pentanol, Examples include quinoline, N, N-dimethylformamide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, or 1,4-dioxane.
- methoxypropionitrile, propylene carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidone, pentanol, quinoline, N, N-dimethylformamide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, methoxyacetonitrile and butyronitrile are exemplified.
- organic solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the content of the organic solvent is preferably 10 to 80 wt% with respect to the total amount of the electrolyte 31.
- the electrolyte 31 may contain various additives according to the required performance.
- the additive those generally used in batteries, solar cells and the like can be appropriately used.
- Specific examples thereof include, for example, p-type conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof; imidazolium ions, pyridinium ions, triazolium ions and derivatives thereof and halogen ions;
- a molten salt comprising a combination of the following: a gelling agent; an oil gelling agent; a dispersant; a surfactant;
- the method of disposing the electrolyte 31 between the working electrode 11 and the counter electrode 21 is not particularly limited, and can be performed using various known methods.
- the dye-carrying metal oxide electrode 14 of the working electrode 11 and the conductive surface 22a of the counter electrode 21 are disposed to face each other with a predetermined interval through a spacer as necessary. The whole is sealed using a sealant or the like, and then the whole is sealed.
- the electrolyte 31 can be formed by injecting an electrolyte from the injection port between the working electrode 11 and the counter electrode 21 and then sealing the injection port.
- the electrolyte 31 When a solid charge transfer material is employed as the electrolyte 31, it is preferable to use an electron transport material, a hole transport material, or the like.
- aromatic amines and triphenylene derivatives are preferably used.
- specific examples thereof include, for example, oligothiophene compounds, polypyrrole, polyacetylene or derivatives thereof, poly (p-phenylene) or derivatives thereof, poly (p-phenylene vinylene) or derivatives thereof, polythienylene vinylene or derivatives thereof, polythiophene or Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, organic conductive polymers such as polyaniline or derivatives thereof, polytoluidine or derivatives thereof, and the like.
- a p-type inorganic compound semiconductor for example, a p-type inorganic compound semiconductor can be used.
- a p-type inorganic compound semiconductor having a band gap of 2 eV or more is preferably used, and a p-type inorganic compound semiconductor having 2.5 eV or more is more preferable.
- the ionization potential of the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor needs to be smaller than the ionization potential of the working electrode 11 from the condition that the holes of the dye can be reduced.
- the preferable range of the ionization potential of the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor varies depending on the dye used, but the ionization potential is preferably in the range of 4.5 eV or more and 5.5 eV or less, and 4.7 eV or more and 5.3 eV or less. More preferably within the following range.
- a compound semiconductor containing monovalent copper is preferably used as the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor.
- the compound semiconductor containing monovalent copper for example, CuI, CuSCN, CuInSe 2, Cu (In, Ga) Se 2, CuGaSe 2, Cu 2 O, CuS, CuGaS 2, CuInS 2, CuAlSe 2, Examples include GaP, NiO, CoO, FeO, Bi 2 O 3 , MoO 2 , and Cr 2 O 3, but are not particularly limited thereto.
- the method for forming the electrolyte 31 from the solid charge transfer material is not particularly limited, and can be performed using various known methods.
- a technique such as a vacuum deposition method, a cast method, a coating method, a spin coating method, a dipping method, an electrolytic polymerization method, or a photoelectrolytic polymerization method may be employed. it can.
- an inorganic solid compound methods, such as a casting method, the apply
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of this embodiment is irradiated with light (sunlight or ultraviolet light, visible light, or near infrared light equivalent to sunlight) to the working electrode 11,
- the dye that has been excited by absorbing the light injects electrons into the metal oxide layer 13.
- the injected electrons move to the adjacent conductive surface 12a and then reach the counter electrode 21 via an external circuit.
- the electrolyte 31 is oxidized so that the oxidized dye is returned to the ground state (reduced) as the electrons move.
- the oxidized electrolyte 31 is reduced by receiving the electrons.
- the movement of electrons between the working electrode 11 and the counter electrode 21 and the accompanying oxidation-reduction reaction of the electrolyte 31 are repeated, whereby continuous movement of electrons occurs, and photoelectric conversion is constantly performed. Is done.
- the compound having the cyanine structure represented by the general formula (1) described above is used, in particular, near-infrared compared to the conventional one.
- the energy conversion efficiency can be improved.
- the metal oxide layer 13 employs the working electrode 11 substantially made of zinc oxide, the energy conversion efficiency is further enhanced.
- a cyanine compound (iodide) having a structure represented by the chemical formulas (B1) to (B3) was synthesized.
- ⁇ max a UV spectrum meter (U-3010) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. was used.
- the final product was prepared for methanol (CH 3 OH; solvent) so that the absorbance was in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 and used for measurement.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 described in the above embodiment was manufactured by the following procedure.
- Example 1 Using the cyanine compound having the structure represented by the chemical formula (B1) of Synthesis Example 1 described above as the dye, the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 described in the above embodiment was manufactured by the following procedure.
- the working electrode 11 was produced according to the following procedure. First, as a substrate 12 having a conductive surface 12a, a conductive glass substrate (F-SnO 2 ) having a length of 2.0 cm, a width of 1.5 cm, and a thickness of 1.1 mm using fluorine-doped SnO as a transparent conductive film. Prepared. Subsequently, a masking tape having a thickness of 70 ⁇ m is pasted on the conductive surface 12a so as to enclose a square of 0.5 cm in length and 0.5 cm in width, and 3 cm 3 of the metal oxide slurry is uniformly formed on this portion. It was applied and dried.
- F-SnO 2 conductive glass substrate having a length of 2.0 cm, a width of 1.5 cm, and a thickness of 1.1 mm using fluorine-doped SnO as a transparent conductive film.
- a masking tape having a thickness of 70 ⁇ m is pasted on the conductive surface 12a so as to enclose
- zinc oxide powder (average particle size 20 nm; FINEX-50 manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is used as the metal oxide slurry, and Triton X-100 (Triton X100) is used as a nonionic surfactant.
- Triton X-100 Triton X100
- the masking tape on the conductive surface 12a was peeled off, and the substrate 12 was baked at 450 ° C. in an electric furnace to form a zinc oxide film having a thickness of about 5 ⁇ m as the metal oxide layer 13.
- a cyanine compound having a structure represented by the chemical formula (B1) and deoxycholic acid are dissolved in absolute ethanol so as to have concentrations of 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / dm 3 and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / dm 3 , respectively.
- a dye-containing solution To prepare a dye-containing solution. And the base
- the counter electrode 21 was produced according to the following procedure. First, as a base 22 having a conductive surface 22a, a conductive glass substrate (F-SnO 2 ) having a length of 2.0 cm, a width of 1.5 cm, and a thickness of 1.1 mm using fluorine-doped SnO as a transparent conductive film is prepared. did. Subsequently, a counter electrode 21 was obtained by forming a Pt layer having a thickness of 100 nm on the conductive surface 22a by sputtering. In this case, two holes ( ⁇ 1 mm) for injecting the electrolyte were previously formed in the base 22 having the conductive surface 22a.
- F-SnO 2 conductive glass substrate having a length of 2.0 cm, a width of 1.5 cm, and a thickness of 1.1 mm using fluorine-doped SnO as a transparent conductive film. did.
- a counter electrode 21 was obtained by forming a Pt layer having a thickness of 100 nm on the
- dimethyl hexyl imidazolium iodide (0.6mol / dm 3), lithium iodide (0.1mol / dm 3), iodine (0.05mol / dm 3), each predetermined concentration It mixed so that electrolyte solution might be prepared.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 was produced according to the following procedure using the working electrode 11, the counter electrode 21, and the electrolytic solution.
- a spacer having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m is disposed so as to surround the metal oxide layer 13, and then the dye-supported metal oxide electrode 14 of the working electrode 11 and the Pt layer of the counter electrode 21 are disposed to face each other, and the spacer is disposed. Pasted together.
- an electrolyte solution was injected from an injection hole opened in the counter electrode 21 to form an electrolyte 31. Finally, the entire periphery of the cell and the injection hole were sealed to obtain the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of Example 1.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the cyanine compound having the structure shown in Chemical Formula (B2) of Synthesis Example 2 is used as the dye instead of the cyanine compound having the structure shown in Chemical Formula (B1) of Synthesis Example 1. Thus, the working electrode 11 and the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of Example 2 were obtained.
- Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the cyanine compound having the structure shown in Chemical Formula (B3) of Synthesis Example 3 is used as the dye instead of the cyanine compound having the structure shown in Chemical Formula (B1) of Synthesis Example 1. Thus, the working electrode 11 and the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of Example 3 were obtained.
- the battery characteristics of the obtained dye-sensitized solar cells 100 of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were measured using an AM-1.5 (1000 W / m 2 ) solar simulator.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- the energy conversion efficiency ( ⁇ :%) is the maximum output that is the product of the voltage and current obtained by measuring the response current by sweeping the voltage of the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 with a source meter. Is calculated by dividing the result by the light intensity per 1 cm 2 and multiplying this calculation result by 100 to display a percentage. That is, the energy conversion efficiency ( ⁇ :%) is represented by (maximum output / 1 light intensity per 1 cm 2 ) ⁇ 100.
- ⁇ Peel test> In order to evaluate the adsorptivity (adhesiveness) of the dye, a peeling test was performed. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. The peel test was performed according to the following procedure. First, the absorption spectrum (measurement wavelength was in the range of 350 nm to 950 nm) of the surface of the dye-supported metal oxide layer 14 of each working electrode 11 was measured with a UV spectrometer, and the initial absorbance at the peak wavelength was determined.
- the dye-sensitized solar cells 100 of Examples 1 to 3 using the cyanine compounds of Synthesis Examples 1 to 3 are compared to the dye-sensitized solar cells 100 of Comparative Examples 1 to 4. And it was confirmed that it is excellent in energy conversion efficiency. In addition, it was confirmed that the working electrodes 11 of Examples 1 to 3 tend to have higher dye residual ratio and excellent energy conversion efficiency than the working electrodes 11 of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- the cyanine compounds of Synthesis Examples 1 to 3 in which no cyclo ring or the like is introduced into the heptamethine chain skeleton are added to the cyanine compounds of (C1) to (C3) in which a cyclo ring or the like is introduced into the heptamethine chain skeleton.
- the steric hindrance in the vicinity of the anchor group is alleviated, and the adsorption of the —CH 2 CH 2 COOH group introduced into the nitrogen atom of the indolenine skeleton to the metal oxide layer is promoted, and the adhesion is enhanced. This suggests that electron injection into the metal oxide semiconductor material is enhanced.
- the comparative example 4 has a high dye residual ratio, the energy conversion efficiency is low.
- R1 to R4 are linear alkyl groups having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, so that energy conversion efficiency is excellent.
- Example 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8 When forming the metal oxide layer 13 by the firing method, Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were used except that a metal oxide slurry containing titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) powder was used instead of the zinc oxide powder.
- the working electrode 11 and the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8 were obtained in the same manner as in Steps 4 to 4.
- what was prepared as follows was used as metal oxide slurry containing said titanium oxide powder. First, titanium isopropoxide 125 cm 3, was added with stirring to 0.1 mol / dm 3 aqueous solution of nitric acid 750 cm 3, and 8 hours vigorously stirred at 80 ° C..
- the obtained liquid was poured into a pressure vessel made of Teflon (registered trademark), and the pressure vessel was treated in an autoclave at 230 ° C. for 16 hours. Thereafter, the liquid (sol solution) containing the precipitate subjected to autoclaving was resuspended by stirring. Subsequently, this suspension was subjected to suction filtration to remove precipitates that were not resuspended, and the sol-like filtrate was concentrated with an evaporator until the titanium oxide concentration became 11% by mass. After that, 1 drop of Triton X-100 was added to the concentrated solution in order to improve the paintability to the substrate.
- Teflon registered trademark
- titanium oxide powder having an average particle size of 30 nm (P-25 manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was added to the sol-like concentrated solution so that the total content of titanium oxide was 33% by mass, and rotation revolution was used. Centrifugal stirring was performed for 1 hour to disperse.
- the dye-sensitized solar cells 100 of Examples 4 to 6 using the cyanine compounds of Synthesis Examples 1 to 3 are different from the dye-sensitized solar cells 100 of Comparative Examples 5 to 8. And it was confirmed that it is excellent in energy conversion efficiency. In addition, it was confirmed that working electrode 11 of Examples 4 to 6 has a higher dye residual ratio and excellent energy conversion efficiency than working electrode 11 of Comparative Examples 5 to 8. Therefore, the cyanine compounds of Synthesis Examples 1 to 3 in which no cyclo ring or the like is introduced into the heptamethine chain skeleton are added to the cyanine compounds of (C1) to (C3) in which a cyclo ring or the like is introduced into the heptamethine chain skeleton.
- Comparative Example 8 has a high dye residual ratio but low energy conversion efficiency.
- R1 to R4 are linear alkyl groups having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, so that energy conversion efficiency is excellent.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 100 of Examples 1 to 3 having the metal oxide layer 13 substantially made of zinc oxide is substantially Compared to the dye-sensitized solar cells 100 of Examples 4 to 6 having the metal oxide layer 13 made of titanium oxide, it was confirmed that the residual ratio of the dye was comparable and the energy conversion efficiency was significantly superior. It was.
- the absorption spectrum (measurement wavelength was in the range of 350 nm to 850 nm) of the surface of the dye-supported metal oxide layer 14 of the working electrode 11 was measured with a UV spectrometer.
- the chromaticity coordinates (x, y) of the CIE Yxy color system were calculated by the color diagnostic program of JASCO V-570.
- the present invention can be widely and effectively used for electronic / electrical materials, electronic / electrical devices, and various devices, facilities, systems, and the like related to photoelectric conversion elements such as dye-sensitized solar cells. It is.
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Abstract
Description
<1> 色素が金属酸化物層に担持された色素担持金属酸化物電極を有する作用電極を備える光電変換素子において、
前記色素として、下記一般式(1):
<芳香環群A>
で表される構造を有する化合物を含む、
光電変換素子。
上記<1>に記載の光電変換素子。
上記<1>又は<2>に記載の光電変換素子。
上記<1>~<3>のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子。
<芳香環群A>
上記<5>に記載の光電変換素子用色素。
上記<5>又は<6>に記載の光電変換素子用色素。
<芳香環群A>
本実施形態の色素増感型太陽電池100は、作用電極11と、対向電極21と、これら作用電極11及び対向電極21の間に設けられた電解質31とを備える。作用電極11及び対向電極21のうち少なくとも一方は、光透過性を有する電極となっている。作用電極11と対向電極21とは、スペーサ41を介して対向配置され、これら作用電極11、対向電極21及びスペーサ41並びに図示しない封止部材によって画成される封止空間内に電解質31が封入されている。
(上記式(2)中、R91は酸性基を有するアルキル基である。R92は化学式中のステロイド骨格を構成する炭素原子のいずれかに結合する基を表し、水酸基、ハロゲン基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリール基、複素環基、アシル基、アシルオキシ基、オキシカルボニル基、オキソ基あるいは酸性基またはそれらの誘導体であり、それらは同一であってもよいし異なっていてもよい。tは1以上5以下の整数である。化学式中のステロイド骨格を構成する炭素原子と炭素原子との間の結合は、単結合であってもよいし、二重結合であってもよい。)
下記の化学反応式(I-1)に示すように、インドレニウム塩I0.46mmol、アミジン塩酸塩0.22mmol、無水酢酸4.4mmol、トリエチルアミン0.51mmol及びアセトニトリル3gを仕込み、85℃で3時間攪拌した後、ヨウ化ナトリウムを加えた。このようにして得られた反応生成物を、クロロホルム:メタノールが10:1の溶出液を用いてシリカゲル精製を行った後に減圧乾燥することにより、最終生成物である化学式(B1)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物8mg(収率4%)を得た。
下記の化学反応式(I-2)に示すように、インドレニウム塩II2mmol、アミジン塩酸塩1mmol、無水酢酸2.4mmol、トリエチルアミン4mmol及びアセトニトリル4gを仕込み、室温で3時間攪拌した後、ヨウ化ナトリウムを加えた。このようにして得られた反応生成物を、クロロホルム:メタノールが10:1の溶出液を用いてシリカゲル精製を行った後に減圧乾燥することにより、最終生成物である化学式(B2)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物310mg(収率27%)を得た。
下記の化学反応式(I-3)に示すように、インドレニウム塩III0.5mmol、アミジン塩酸塩0.25mmol、無水酢酸0.5mmol、トリエチルアミン0.5mmol及びアセトニトリル1.2gを仕込み、室温で5時間攪拌した後、ヨウ化ナトリウムを加えた。このようにして得られた反応生成物を、クロロホルム:メタノールが10:1の溶出液を用いてシリカゲル精製を行った後に減圧乾燥することにより、最終生成物である化学式(B3)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物8mg(収率2%)を得た。
色素として、上述した合成例1の化学式(B1)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物を用いて、以下の手順により、上記の実施形態で説明した色素増感型太陽電池100を作製した。
最初に、導電性表面12aを有する基体12として、フッ素ドープしたSnOを透明導電膜とする縦2.0cm×横1.5cm×厚さ1.1mmの導電性ガラス基板(F-SnO2)を用意した。続いて、その導電性表面12a上に、縦0.5cm×横0.5cmの四角形を囲むように厚さ70μmのマスキングテープを貼り、この部分に金属酸化物スラリー3cm3を一様の厚さとなるように塗布して乾燥させた。この場合、金属酸化物スラリーとしては、10重量%となるように酸化亜鉛粉末(平均粒径20nm;堺化学工業社製FINEX-50)を、非イオン性界面活性剤としてTriton X-100(Tritonは登録商標)を1滴添加した水に懸濁して調製したものを用いた。続いて、導電性表面12a上のマスキングテープを剥がし取り、この基体12を電気炉により450℃で焼成し、金属酸化物層13としての厚さ約5μmの酸化亜鉛膜を形成した。続いて、化学式(B1)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物とデオキシコール酸とをそれぞれ3×10-4mol/dm3及び1×10-2mol/dm3の濃度になるように無水エタノールに溶解させて、色素含有溶液を調製した。そして、この色素含有溶液中に金属酸化物層13が形成された基体12を浸漬し、化学式(B1)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物を金属酸化物層13に担持させて色素担持金属酸化物電極14を形成することにより、実施例1の作用電極11を得た。
まず、導電性表面22aを有する基体22として、フッ素ドープしたSnOを透明導電膜とする縦2.0cm×横1.5cm×厚さ1.1mmの導電性ガラス基板(F-SnO2)を用意した。続いて、その導電性表面22a上に、スパッタリングにより厚さ100nmのPt層を形成することにより、対向電極21を得た。なお、この場合、導電性表面22aを有する基体22には、電解液注入用の孔(φ1mm)を、予め、2つ開けておいた。
まず、厚さ50μmのスペーサを金属酸化物層13の周りを囲むように配置し、その後、作用電極11の色素担持金属酸化物電極14と対向電極21のPt層とを対向配置し、スペーサを介して貼り合わせた。その後、対向電極21に開けておいた注入孔から電解液を注入して、電解質31を形成した。最後に、セルの周囲全体及び注入孔を封止することにより、実施例1の色素増感型太陽電池100を得た。
色素として、合成例1の化学式(B1)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物に代えて、合成例2の化学式(B2)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物を用いること以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して、実施例2の作用電極11及び色素増感型太陽電池100を得た。
色素として、合成例1の化学式(B1)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物に代えて、合成例3の化学式(B3)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物を用いること以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して、実施例3の作用電極11及び色素増感型太陽電池100を得た。
色素として、合成例1の化学式(B1)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物に代えて、下記の色素(C1)~(C4)をそれぞれ用いること以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して、比較例1~4の作用電極11及び色素増感型太陽電池100を得た。
得られた実施例1~3及び比較例1~4の色素増感型太陽電池100の電池特性を、AM-1.5(1000W/m2)のソーラーシミュレーターを用いて測定した。評価結果を、表1に示す。
なお、エネルギー変換効率(η:%)は、色素増感型太陽電池100の電圧をソースメーターにて掃引して応答電流を測定し、これにより得られた電圧と電流との積である最大出力を1cm2あたりの光強度で除した値を算出し、この算出結果に100を乗じてパーセント表示したものである。すなわち、エネルギー変換効率(η:%)は、(最大出力/1cm2あたりの光強度)×100で表される。
色素の吸着性(密着性)を評価するために、剥離試験を行った。評価結果を、表1に示す。
なお、剥離試験は、以下の手順により行った。まず、UVスペクトルメータにより、各々の作用電極11の色素担持金属酸化物層14の表面の吸収スペクトル(測定波長は350nm~950nmの範囲)を測定し、ピーク波長における初期の吸光度を求めた。次に、作用電極11を10重量%の割合で水を含むアセトニトリル混合液100cm3に2時間浸漬した後、同様に吸収スペクトルを測定し、ピーク波長における10重量%水含有アセトニトリル2時間浸漬後の吸光度を求めた。最後に、ピーク波長における初期の吸光度と10重量%水含有アセトニトリル2時間浸漬後の吸光度から、色素残存率(%)=(10重量%水含有アセトニトリル2時間浸漬後の吸光度/初期の吸光度)×100を算出した。なお、この一連の吸収スペクトルの測定には、島津製作所製UV-3101PCを用いて、スリット幅5nmとして行った。
また、実施例1~3の作用電極11は、比較例1~3の作用電極11に比して、色素残存率が高くエネルギー変換効率にも優れる傾向にあることが確認された。このことから、ヘプタメチン鎖骨格にシクロ環等が導入されていない合成例1~3のシアニン式化合物は、ヘプタメチン鎖骨格にシクロ環等が導入された(C1)~(C3)のシアニン式化合物に比して、アンカー基近傍の立体障害が緩和され、インドレニン骨格の窒素原子に導入された-CH2CH2COOH基の金属酸化物層への吸着が促進され、その密着性が高められるとともに、金属酸化物半導体材料に対する電子注入が高められていることが示唆される。さらに、比較例4は色素残存率は高いが、エネルギー変換効率が低い。実施例1~3の色素増感型太陽電池100はR1~R4が炭素数10~20の直鎖状アルキル基であることで、エネルギー変換効率が優れることが示唆される。
焼成法により金属酸化物層13を形成する際に、酸化亜鉛粉末に代えて、酸化チタン(TiO2)粉末を含む金属酸化物スラリーをそれぞれ用いること以外は、実施例1~3及び比較例1~4と同様に処理して、実施例4~6及び比較例5~8の作用電極11及び色素増感型太陽電池100を得た。
なお、上記の酸化チタン粉末を含む金属酸化物スラリーとしては、以下のように調製したものを用いた。まず、チタンイソプロポキシド125cm3を、0.1mol/dm3硝酸水溶液750cm3に攪拌しながら添加し、80℃で8時間激しく攪拌した。得られた液体をテフロン(登録商標)製の圧力容器に注ぎ入れ、その圧力容器を230℃、16時間オートクレーブにて処理した。その後、オートクレーブ処理した沈殿物を含む液体(ゾル液)を攪拌することにより再懸濁させた。続いて、この懸濁液を吸引濾過して再懸濁しなかった沈殿物を除き、ゾル状の濾液をエバポレータで酸化チタン濃度が11質量%になるまで濃縮した。こののち、濃縮液に基板への塗れ性を高めるためにTriton X-100を1滴添加した。続いて、平均粒径30nmの酸化チタン粉末(日本アエロジル社製P-25)をこのゾル状の濃縮液に、酸化チタンの含有率が全体として33質量%となるように加え、自転公転を利用した遠心撹拌を1時間行い、分散させた。
また、実施例4~6の作用電極11は、比較例5~8の作用電極11に比して、色素残存率が高くエネルギー変換効率にも優れる傾向にあることが確認された。このことから、ヘプタメチン鎖骨格にシクロ環等が導入されていない合成例1~3のシアニン式化合物は、ヘプタメチン鎖骨格にシクロ環等が導入された(C1)~(C3)のシアニン式化合物に比して、アンカー基近傍の立体障害が緩和され、インドレニン骨格の窒素原子に導入された-CH2CH2COOH基の金属酸化物層への吸着が促進され、その密着性が高められるとともに、金属酸化物半導体材料に対する電子注入が高められていることが示唆される。さらに、比較例8は、色素残存率は高いが、エネルギー変換効率が低い。実施例4~6の色素増感型太陽電池100はR1~R4が炭素数10~20の直鎖状アルキル基であることで、エネルギー変換効率が優れることが示唆される。
さらに、実施例1~3と実施例4~6との比較から、実質的に酸化亜鉛からなる金属酸化物層13を有する実施例1~3の色素増感型太陽電池100は、実質的に酸化チタンからなる金属酸化物層13を有する実施例4~6の色素増感型太陽電池100に比して、色素残存率は同程度である一方、エネルギー変換効率が有意に優れることが確認された。
色素として、合成例1の化学式(B1)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物に代えて、下記の色素(化合物D1及び化合物D2)をそれぞれ用いること以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して、参考例1及び2の作用電極11を得た。
化学式(B1)~(B3)に示す構造を有するシアニン化合物(ヨウ化物)を用いた実施例1~3並びに参考例1及び2の作用電極11のCIE Yxy表色系の色度座標(x,y)を、以下の手順で測定した。測定結果を、表3に示す。
なお、CIE Yxy表色系の色度座標(x,y)は、以下の手順により行った。まず、UVスペクトルメータにより、作用電極11の色素担持金属酸化物層14の表面の吸収スペクトル(測定波長は350nm~850nmの範囲)を測定した。次いで、CIE Yxy表色系の色度座標(x,y)を、日本分光製V-570のカラー診断プログラムにより計算した。
Claims (7)
- 色素が金属酸化物層に担持された色素担持金属酸化物電極を有する作用電極を備える光電変換素子において、
前記色素として、下記一般式(1):
(式(1)中、R1~R4は、それぞれ独立して炭素数が4~20の直鎖状アルキル基であり、各々が同一であっても異なっていてもよく、A1及びA2は、下記芳香環群A(ピロール環との縮合位置を示すため、式(1)中のピロール環を円弧aで表した。)から選択されるいずれか1種であり、各々が同一であっても異なっていてもよく、これらは、芳香環に置換基を有してもよい。Anp-はp価のアニオンであり、pは1あるいは2であり、qは色素全体の電荷を中性に保つ係数である。
<芳香環群A>
光電変換素子。 - 前記一般式(1)において、A1及びA2が、ベンゼン環である、
請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。 - 前記一般式(1)において、R1~R4が炭素数10~20の直鎖状アルキル基である、
請求項1又は2に記載の光電変換素子。 - 前記金属酸化物層は、実質的に酸化亜鉛からなる、
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子。 - 前記一般式(1)において、A1及びA2が、ベンゼン環である、
請求項5に記載の光電変換素子用色素。 - 前記一般式(1)において、R1~R4が炭素数10~20の直鎖状アルキル基である、
請求項5又は6に記載の光電変換素子用色素。
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JP2007220412A (ja) | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-30 | Gifu Univ | 色素増感型光電変換素子に用いられる増感色素と該増感色素が用いられた色素増感型太陽電池 |
JP2008071535A (ja) * | 2006-09-12 | 2008-03-27 | Kyushu Institute Of Technology | 光電変換素子及びその製造方法 |
JP2008166119A (ja) | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-17 | Tdk Corp | 光電変換素子 |
WO2010038589A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-08 | Tdk株式会社 | 光電変換素子用色素および光電変換素子 |
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EP1020881A3 (en) | 1999-01-14 | 2004-10-20 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Photo-electrochemical cell |
JP2003092153A (ja) | 2001-09-18 | 2003-03-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 電解質組成物、光電変換素子及び光電池 |
US20080181965A1 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2008-07-31 | Leon Jeffrey W | Loaded latex optical molecular imaging probes |
JP4982695B2 (ja) | 2006-03-16 | 2012-07-25 | 株式会社リコー | 光記録媒体 |
US7943849B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-05-17 | Tdk Corporation | Photoelectric conversion device |
JP5267846B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-30 | 2013-08-21 | Tdk株式会社 | 光電変換素子 |
JP5162347B2 (ja) | 2008-06-20 | 2013-03-13 | シャープ株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池、その製造方法および色素増感太陽電池モジュール |
JP5250412B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-26 | 2013-07-31 | Tdk株式会社 | 光電変換素子用色素および光電変換素子 |
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JPH08259543A (ja) | 1994-12-21 | 1996-10-08 | Asulab Sa | 疎水性液状塩とその生成法ならびに電気化学への応用 |
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US20120305074A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
JP2011181287A (ja) | 2011-09-15 |
CN102782932A (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
JP5583990B2 (ja) | 2014-09-03 |
KR20120096582A (ko) | 2012-08-30 |
EP2541672A4 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
CN102782932B (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
US8835651B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 |
KR101432407B1 (ko) | 2014-08-21 |
EP2541672A1 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
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