WO2011098306A1 - Verfahren zur carbonitrierung mindestens eines bauteils in einer behandlungskammer - Google Patents
Verfahren zur carbonitrierung mindestens eines bauteils in einer behandlungskammer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011098306A1 WO2011098306A1 PCT/EP2011/050025 EP2011050025W WO2011098306A1 WO 2011098306 A1 WO2011098306 A1 WO 2011098306A1 EP 2011050025 W EP2011050025 W EP 2011050025W WO 2011098306 A1 WO2011098306 A1 WO 2011098306A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- treatment chamber
- carbonitriding
- process gas
- nitrogen
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1, and a treatment chamber and a control and / or regulating device according to the independent claims.
- Carbonitriding process in which the diffusion of nitrogen during the entire process or when using nitrogen as a donor gas preferably takes place in the last process phase.
- DE 101 18 494 C2 describes a low-pressure carbonitriding process in which steel parts are first carburized and then embroidered with a nitrogen donor gas.
- DE 103 22 255 A1 describes a method for carburizing steel parts in which nitrogen-emitting gas is added both during the heating phase and during the diffusion phase. The carbonitriding
- the process control in carbonitriding takes place in at least one
- Treatment chamber by presetting pressure, temperature, time,
- Carbonitriding can be a by-product of the carbon and Nitrogen donor gases form molecular hydrogen.
- Hydrogen content can be determined by suitable sensors.
- the sensors used must be suitable for use in low-pressure or
- PNH3 pressure of ammonia
- P H 2 pressure of hydrogen, and describes the relationship between ammonia supply and sales and thus determines the ammonia oversupply.
- P H 2 pressure of hydrogen, and describes the relationship between ammonia supply and sales and thus determines the ammonia oversupply.
- consistent, reproducible nitriding conditions can be set for gas nitriding processes independent of the size of the surface of the component batch over the entire process duration.
- Nitrogen uptake constantly changes, which can be set at constant hold the nitriding index no consistent, reproducible carburizing and nitriding.
- the progress of the gas decomposition or the onset of reactions takes place as a function of pressure, temperature and reactive or catalytically acting surface of the component batch or
- Treatment chamber is thus the residence time of the gases in the chamber resulting from the flow rate. For this reason, in practice through complex test series
- DE 101 18 494 C2 describes in one embodiment, a low-pressure carbonitriding with amounts of solid gas.
- the inventive method has the advantage of being able to perform a uniform, reproducible carbonitriding by means of low-pressure carbonitriding regardless of a batch size or a furnace installation on at least one component located in the treatment chamber by means of a detection of a hydrogen content in a treatment chamber.
- Nitrogen donor gas supply adjusted or regulated. This is based on the consideration that regardless of the structure of the component charge and / or the treatment chamber by means of the measured variable of the hydrogen content can be concluded on a carbon or nitrogen donor gas supply in the process gas atmosphere, so that building on the
- Treatment chamber inflowing amount of the process gas in terms
- Time and / or period and / or quantity can be regulated.
- the In principle, the method can be used with various types of components and is particularly suitable for metallic components, in particular for iron-based materials. In the following, therefore, the application of the
- Treatment chamber is introduced, due to the known
- Nitrogen a maximum hydrogen content in the atmosphere, for example, 50 vol .-% are not exceeded.
- the advantage of the invention is that comparable carbon or nitrogen offers are present locally on one or more metallic components of a batch and thus a uniform introduction of carbon or nitrogen into the surface (s) of the metallic components is made possible.
- the method provides to carry out the individual process phases in any number and / or order.
- the carbon or nitrogen uptake changes during the process time due to the already taken up carbon or nitrogen and because of the limited solubility of both elements in the metallic matrix of the surfaces of the components.
- Hydrogen content can also be an unnecessarily high carbon or
- Nitrogen supply can be avoided, making it as efficient as possible
- Argon rinsed to a simultaneous presence for example of To avoid carbon and nitrogen donor gas. This can prevent unwanted chemical reactions, such as the formation of cyanides.
- the hydrogen content in the atmosphere of the treatment chamber detected during the process gas change can also be indirectly used as a measure of the proportions of the carbon or nitrogen donor gases. Will be at a
- the process gas exchange is purged with an inert gas, it can be assumed that hydrogen concentrations of less than 5% by volume, desirably less than 1% by volume, mean that the concentrations of the carbon donor or nitrogen donor gases are sufficiently low to sufficiently reduce or avoid environmental damage. If the treatment chamber is evacuated in a process gas exchange, it is necessary a pressure in the processing chamber of at least less than 1 x10 "1 mbar, desirably less than 1 x10" to fall below 2 mbar, which can be assumed that the
- Concentration of the carbon or nitrogen donor gases are sufficiently low in order to reduce or avoid environmental damage sufficiently.
- the method is particularly easy to use when controlling a flow rate of the introduced into the treatment chamber process gas. For example, by an adjustable valve at an inlet of the
- Treatment chamber the amount of the introduced process gas controlled and / or regulated.
- the method provides that the process gas comprises a carbon donor gas.
- This provides a first gas or a first gas composition for a process phase for the carbonitriding of components, with which the carbon fraction important for the carbonitriding is directly influenced, which allows a fast and precise control.
- the carbon donor gas is a compound selected from a group consisting of acetylene, ethylene, propane, propene,
- the process gas comprises a nitrogen donor gas.
- the nitrogen donor gas is a compound selected from a group consisting of ammonia, nitrogen or
- the method works particularly advantageous if at least two chemically different process gases act on the one component chemically in succession, and that between the gaseous process phases
- Treatment chamber is at least partially evacuated.
- Process phases successively act on the at least one component - for example, a carbon donor gas and a nitrogen donor gas - each specific chemical effects can be achieved with respect to the process. It makes sense not to mix these gas compositions when changing the process phases. By means of the at least partial evacuation of the treatment chamber, this can be achieved in a simple manner.
- Process gases sequentially act on the component chemically, and that between the gaseous process phases, the treatment chamber is purged with an inert gas.
- the change between two gaseous process phases can take place, whereby the pressure existing in the treatment chamber can essentially remain unchanged.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible for the purging or the evacuation to be ended when the detected hydrogen content or the total pressure of the atmosphere falls below a predetermined threshold value.
- the detection of the hydrogen content can also be used between the process phases to the effect of the evacuation or the
- An embodiment of the method provides that two process phases are carried out with a similar process gas, and that between the two
- a further embodiment of the method provides that two process phases are carried out with a similar process gas, and that no process gas is supplied to the treatment chamber between the two process phases and no evacuation or flushing is carried out. In this way, a diffusion phase is established between the two process phases, in which the process gas still remaining in the treatment chamber continues to be applied to the
- Component surface can remain reactive reactive.
- the method works particularly effectively when the treatment chamber, the process gas and / or the atmosphere is heated.
- the desired chemical reactions on the surfaces of the components generally occur more intensively and / or more rapidly at higher temperatures of the atmosphere resulting in the treatment chamber. It can the
- Treatment chamber itself, a radiator located therein, the atmosphere and / or the supplied process gas to be heated or heated.
- the method provides that the treatment temperature is in a range of 750 ° C to 1050 ° C. This will be one for many
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a treatment chamber for
- FIG. 2 shows a time diagram of a low-pressure carbonitriding process with a representation of process phases and process temperatures
- FIG. 3 is a time chart of the low pressure carbonitriding process showing hydrogen content in an atmosphere of the
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a system 10 for low-pressure carbonitriding of metallic components 12, which are arranged on a support 14 in a treatment chamber 16.
- the components 12 can be heated by means of a heater 18 located in the lower area of the drawing.
- a first inlet 20 and a second inlet 22 with associated flow control valves 24 and 26 allow introduction of carbon donor gas 28 and nitrogen donor gas 30.
- a temperature sensor 32, a pressure sensor 34, and a low pressure carbonitride suitable hydrogen sensor 36 are shown in the drawing at the top of FIG.
- Treatment chamber 16 is arranged.
- a control and / or regulating device 38 shown above assumes, among other things, that of the
- the carbon donor gas 28 and the nitrogen donor gas 30 are introduced into the treatment chamber 16 successively in different process phases by means of the flow control valves 24 and 26.
- the control and / or regulating device 38 monitors and controls or regulates the process or the individual, inter alia, by means of the sensors 32, 34 and 36
- a detected by the hydrogen sensor 36 hydrogen content 44 is important, resulting in an atmosphere 46 of the treatment chamber 16, as will be explained in the following figures 2 and 3.
- the pump 42 acts as a valve at the outlet 40 at the same time and is switched on depending on the process in order to partially evacuate the treatment chamber 16 or to discharge or exchange the gases therein.
- the flow control valves 24 and 26 are of the control and / or regulating device 38, inter alia, depending on the
- Hydrogen sensor 36 detected hydrogen content 44 regulated.
- FIG. 2 shows a time diagram of a process control of a low-pressure carbonitriding, which is used, for example, in the plant 10 shown in FIG.
- the time t is plotted on the abscissa of the diagram and the temperature T of the atmosphere 46 is plotted on the ordinate.
- a curve 48 shows the time profile of the temperature T.
- Carbonitriding involves a heating phase A, a
- Temperature equalization phase B three nitriding phases C1, C2 and C3, three carburizing phases D1, D2 and D3, four process gas change phases E1, E2, E3 and E4, and a diffusion phase F and a cooling phase G.
- Two interruptions 50 indicate that the process phases shown do not each drawn durations must have, but can also deviate arbitrarily from the representation of Figure 2.
- Reference numerals E1 to E4 process gas exchange phases shown is that the detected hydrogen content 44 during the process gas exchange phases E1 to E4 for monitoring and thus reducing or avoiding unwanted reaction products, such as cyanides, is used, with no process gas is supplied and no process gas exchange takes place.
- the process or method can be interrupted to a Reduce or eliminate environmental hazards.
- the hydrogen content 44 is detected by the hydrogen sensor 36 and used for process control throughout the illustrated period of Figure 2.
- FIG. 2 shows that, during the heating phase A, the temperature T is increased continuously up to a treatment temperature of about 950 ° C. with an approximately constant heating rate.
- the temperature T is in an optimum range of 750 ° C to 1050 ° C for the present application.
- Temperature equalization phase B the treatment temperature is kept constant at about 950 ° C. During the heating phase A and the temperature equalizing phase B, neither a nitrogen donor gas 30 nor a carbon donor gas 28 is supplied.
- a nitrogen donor gas 30 for example
- Ammonia fed with a nitrogen donor gas partial pressure of about 50 mbar. This can be seen on the right vertical axis of the diagram of Figure 2.
- a first process gas change E1 in which the treatment chamber 16 is evacuated or filled with an inert gas, e.g.
- the total pressure of the treatment chamber 16 or the detected hydrogen fraction 44 is used to monitor the remaining portion of the nitrogen donor gas 30 from the nitriding C1 phase to environmentally hazardous
- Process gas exchange phase E1 evacuated and the total pressure of
- Treatment chamber 16 is less than 1 x 10 "1 mbar, ideally less than 1 x 10 " 2 mbar, the carburization phase D1 can begin. Otherwise, a
- the first process gas change E1 is followed by a carburizing phase D1 with a partial pressure of the carbon donor gas 28 of about 10 mbar.
- Treatment chamber 16 evacuated or alternatively with an inert gas, e.g.
- treatment temperature 950 ° C is no longer maintained and carried out a rapid cooling in the cooling phase G to room temperature to adjust the desired structural composition of the metallic components 12.
- Figure 3 is a timing diagram for controlling a carbon
- a horizontal line means one
- Threshold 45 for the hydrogen content 44 After the carburizing phase D and before the nitriding phase C, a process gas exchange phase E takes place.
- carbon donor gas 28 is introduced into the treatment chamber 16. Due to the decay of the
- Components 12 is released hydrogen and as a result, the rises measured hydrogen content 44 in the atmosphere 46 (process gas atmosphere) on. At the same time, the proportion of the carbon donor gas 28 in the
- Treatment chamber 16 from. To uneven carburizing of one or more metallic components 12 by a small proportion of the
- Carbon donor gas 28 for example, by varying the
- Flow control valve 24 is set or regulated. This is shown in FIG. 3 by an arrow 51.
- a region 55 for the hydrogen portion 44 provided in FIG. 3 extends between 60% by volume and 70% by volume.
- the treatment chamber 16 is evacuated or purged with an inert gas, eg, nitrogen or argon. This is illustrated by an arrow 52. This reduces the measured hydrogen content 44 (arrow 53).
- an inert gas eg, nitrogen or argon.
- the hydrogen content 44 during the process gas exchange phase E when purging with an inert gas below 5 vol .-%, ideally below 1 vol .-% falls, or when evacuating the treatment chamber 16 during the process gas exchange phase E, the total pressure is less than 1x10 "1 mbar, ideally less than 1 x10 "2 mbar, the nitriding phase C can begin. This is represented by the arrow 54.
- nitrogen donor gas 30 is introduced into the
- Treatment chamber 16 initiated. Due to the decay of the
- Nitrogen donor gas 30 at the surface of one or more metallic components 12 hydrogen is released and as a result, the measured hydrogen content 44 increases again in the atmosphere 46 at. At the same time, the proportion of nitrogen donor gas 30 in the treatment chamber 16 drops. In order to avoid an uneven nitrification of one or more metallic components 12 due to a too small proportion of the nitrogen donor gas 30, the throughput of the
- the treatment chamber 16 is either evacuated or rinsed with a suitable inert gas.
- Figure 3 explained sequence and number of a carburizing phase, a process gas change and a nitriding phase is limited.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112012020154-9A BR112012020154A2 (pt) | 2010-02-15 | 2011-01-03 | processo para a carbonização de ao menos um componente em uma câmara de tratamento. |
EP11700010.9A EP2536864B1 (de) | 2010-02-15 | 2011-01-03 | Verfahren zur carbonitrierung mindestens eines bauteils in einer behandlungskammer |
US13/579,103 US9399811B2 (en) | 2010-02-15 | 2011-01-03 | Method for carbonitriding at least one component in a treatment chamber |
CN201180009610.2A CN102762760B (zh) | 2010-02-15 | 2011-01-03 | 在处理室内对至少一个工件实施碳氮共渗的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010001936.4 | 2010-02-15 | ||
DE102010001936A DE102010001936A1 (de) | 2010-02-15 | 2010-02-15 | Verfahren zur Carbonitrierung mindestens eines Bauteils in einer Behandlungskammer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011098306A1 true WO2011098306A1 (de) | 2011-08-18 |
Family
ID=43533446
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2011/050025 WO2011098306A1 (de) | 2010-02-15 | 2011-01-03 | Verfahren zur carbonitrierung mindestens eines bauteils in einer behandlungskammer |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9399811B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2536864B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN102762760B (de) |
BR (1) | BR112012020154A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102010001936A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2011098306A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014016251A3 (de) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-05-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung mindestens eines bauteils und steuer- und/oder regeleinrichtung |
AT524143A1 (de) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-03-15 | Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh | Verfahren zur Härtung eines Sinterbauteils |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3029938B1 (fr) * | 2014-12-11 | 2019-04-26 | Ecm Technologies | Procede et four de carbonitruration a basse pression |
CN105420663B (zh) * | 2015-11-20 | 2018-07-10 | 贵州师范大学 | 一种钛合金碳氮复合渗的表面处理方法 |
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DE19644051A1 (de) * | 1996-10-31 | 1998-05-07 | Moebius Hans Heinrich Prof Dr | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Überwachung und Kennwert-Bestimmung von Gasmischungen bei Nitrocarburier- und Nitrier-Prozessen in der Härtereitechnik |
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2010
- 2010-02-15 DE DE102010001936A patent/DE102010001936A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-01-03 WO PCT/EP2011/050025 patent/WO2011098306A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-01-03 CN CN201180009610.2A patent/CN102762760B/zh active Active
- 2011-01-03 US US13/579,103 patent/US9399811B2/en active Active
- 2011-01-03 BR BR112012020154-9A patent/BR112012020154A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-01-03 EP EP11700010.9A patent/EP2536864B1/de active Active
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014016251A3 (de) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-05-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung mindestens eines bauteils und steuer- und/oder regeleinrichtung |
CN104471100A (zh) * | 2012-07-24 | 2015-03-25 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于制造至少一个构件的方法及控制和/或调节装置 |
JP2015528061A (ja) * | 2012-07-24 | 2015-09-24 | ローベルト ボッシュ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 少なくとも1つの構成部分を製造するための方法、並びに開ループ制御および/または閉ループ制御装置 |
AT524143A1 (de) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-03-15 | Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh | Verfahren zur Härtung eines Sinterbauteils |
AT524143B1 (de) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-12-15 | Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh | Verfahren zur Härtung eines Sinterbauteils |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102762760B (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
EP2536864A1 (de) | 2012-12-26 |
CN102762760A (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
BR112012020154A2 (pt) | 2020-11-03 |
DE102010001936A1 (de) | 2011-08-18 |
US9399811B2 (en) | 2016-07-26 |
EP2536864B1 (de) | 2017-03-15 |
US20130037173A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
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