WO2011090114A1 - 導電性高分子を含む基材上のフォトレジスト用現像液、およびパターン形成方法 - Google Patents
導電性高分子を含む基材上のフォトレジスト用現像液、およびパターン形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011090114A1 WO2011090114A1 PCT/JP2011/050975 JP2011050975W WO2011090114A1 WO 2011090114 A1 WO2011090114 A1 WO 2011090114A1 JP 2011050975 W JP2011050975 W JP 2011050975W WO 2011090114 A1 WO2011090114 A1 WO 2011090114A1
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- conductive polymer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/11—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers having cover layers or intermediate layers, e.g. subbing layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
- G03F7/32—Liquid compositions therefor, e.g. developers
- G03F7/322—Aqueous alkaline compositions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a developer capable of developing a photosensitive resin composition (referred to as a photoresist) on a substrate containing a conductive polymer with high sensitivity and high resolution, and a pattern forming method using the developer, Since it has the characteristic of not damaging the conductive polymer in contact with the developer, it can provide a conductive member having a low surface resistance and high conductivity in all application fields related to the conductive polymer and the photoresist. Is.
- ITO transparent conductive film
- materials and organic materials are actively studied.
- a conductive polymer that is an organic material has a remarkable improvement in electrical conductivity, and is regarded as a promising alternative material for ITO.
- This conductive polymer has conductivity, translucency, and luminescence, and has the characteristics that it is more flexible than ITO after film formation.
- Transparent conductive film, electrolytic capacitor, antistatic film, battery, Applications to organic EL displays and the like have been studied and some have been put into practical use.
- electrolytic capacitors For example, electronic paper that is a display element is required to have flexibility, and a conductive polymer has been studied as a transparent conductive film.
- electrolytic capacitors it has been attempted to use a conductive solid such as a charge transfer complex or polythiophene instead of a conventional electrolyte, but by using a conductive polymer with better conductivity, An electrolytic capacitor with good characteristics can be made.
- Conductive polymers for electrolytic capacitors are required to be chemically and physically stable and have excellent heat resistance.
- by forming a thin conductive polymer film on the surface of a polymer film, etc. it is possible to prevent static electricity while maintaining transparency, so it is used as an easy-to-use antistatic film or antistatic container. Yes.
- a conductive polymer is used as a positive electrode of a secondary battery.
- the conductive polymer can be used in place of platinum as the counter electrode of titanium dioxide of the dye-sensitized solar cell, and the dye-sensitized solar cell is less expensive than the silicon-based solar cells that are currently mainstream. It is expected as a solar cell.
- Application to electronic elements such as diodes and transistors is also being studied.
- an organic EL display using a conductive polymer for a light emitting layer and a flexible display can be manufactured by using an organic material instead of glass as a substrate.
- the conductive polymer can also be used for a hole transport layer of an organic EL display.
- the organic EL display is a self-luminous display, and can be realized as a light and thin display with a wide viewing angle and a high response speed. Therefore, the organic EL display has been actively developed as a future flat panel display.
- the conductive polymer is an important material for the future electronics industry, and when used, a technology capable of forming a fine pattern like ITO is indispensable.
- Examples of fields requiring conductive polymer pattern formation include names of touch panels, electronic paper, organic EL displays (including low-molecular organic EL displays and polymer organic EL displays), inorganic EL displays, and FED (SED).
- the electrode itself of the self-luminous display called in FIG.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a screen printing method, a printing method using an inkjet, or the like.
- the printing method is simple because the film formation is performed simultaneously with the pattern formation, but there is a problem that the accuracy of the pattern and the smoothness of the surface are poor.
- it is necessary to convert the conductive polymer into an ink.
- the conductive polymer easily aggregates, there is a problem that it is difficult to convert it into an ink.
- a uniform conductive polymer film is formed on the surface of a substrate, and then a patterned resist film portion (referred to as a resist pattern) is formed, or the resist pattern is masked.
- a patterned resist film portion (referred to as a resist pattern) is formed, or the resist pattern is masked.
- the photolithographic method is a general-purpose technology widely used in the electronic / semiconductor field because it has a higher pattern accuracy although it requires more steps than the printing method.
- the developer and the conductive polymer come into contact with each other during the pattern formation process of the conductive polymer.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of forming a pattern of a conductive polymer by a photolithography method.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method in which a resist pattern is directly formed on a conductive polymer, and a conductive polymer pattern (referred to as a conductive pattern) is formed by etching the conductive polymer.
- Examples of the resist that can be used here include an electron beam resist and a photoresist, but there has been no detailed description of a developer necessary for forming a resist pattern.
- the developer there is only an example using “MF-312” (manufactured by Shipley) in the examples.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that “MF-312” is a metal-free developer composed of an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (hereinafter abbreviated as “TMAH”).
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- Patent Document 4 when an amine-based release agent is used for removing a resist film on a conductive polymer, basic amines, ammonia, and piperazine contained in the release agent are electrically conductive. There are disclosed problems that the surface resistance of the polymer is increased, or that the adhesion between the base material and the conductive polymer is reduced due to penetration into the conductive polymer.
- TMAH is not an amine but a nitrogen-containing basic substance.
- TMAH when in contact with a conductive polymer, increases the surface resistance of the conductive polymer and the adhesion to the substrate. There is a possibility of worsening.
- a developer containing TMAH is used as a developer for removing the exposed part or the non-exposed part.
- TMAH may cause damage such as a decrease in conductivity and a decrease in adhesion to the contacted conductive polymer.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a pattern of a conductive polymer having high conductivity by providing a developer that does not damage the conductive polymer even when contacted.
- Conductivity comprising one or more acids selected from inorganic acids, amino acids having an isoelectric point less than 7 and carboxylic acids having two or more carboxyl groups, and / or salts thereof, inorganic alkaline agents, and solvents.
- a developing solution for photoresist disposed on a substrate containing a conductive polymer The content of one or more acids selected from inorganic acids, amino acids having an isoelectric point less than 7 and carboxylic acids having two or more carboxyl groups and / or salts thereof is 0.
- the above 1. 2.
- the pH is between 12 and 13.5. ⁇ 3.
- the conductive polymer is polythiophene or polypyrrole. Or 6.
- the conductivity of the conductive polymer is not impaired and the resist pattern is provided on the surface and the conductivity is kept high.
- a conductive polymer substrate, a conductive pattern of a conductive polymer having a fine pattern and high conductivity, and the like can be obtained.
- the substrate is a substrate containing a conductive polymer, and the substrate containing the conductive polymer that is not masked by the patterned resist film is in contact with another substance, and the altered portion is formed. It is a schematic sectional drawing shown.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the state by which the base material layer containing a conductive polymer and the resist film were laminated
- the base material containing the conductive polymer is formed of a base material containing the conductive polymer, or the base body not containing the conductive polymer as shown in FIG.
- the present invention can be used in various shapes.
- a photoresist disposed on a substrate containing a conductive polymer is developed to form a patterned resist film portion (portion indicated by 131 in the drawing) having a predetermined shape.
- the present invention relates to a resist developer (hereinafter referred to as developer).
- the patterned resist film portion 131 (resist pattern) having a predetermined shape formed by development gives a structure having a resist pattern on a substrate containing a conductive polymer, as shown in FIG.
- a resist pattern As such an example, the case where an insulating layer and a cathode partition which are in contact with the conductive polymer layer in organic EL are formed of a resist can be mentioned.
- the conductive polymer layer is impregnated with or acted on with a dopant or the like that changes conductivity, surface resistance, or the like.
- the material portion 122 can also be formed.
- the base material layer containing the conductive polymer is partially removed by a method such as etching to form a base material portion containing the patterned conductive polymer shown by 121 in FIG. Can do.
- the “base material portion including a conductive polymer patterned in a predetermined shape” is referred to as a “conductive pattern”. It is also possible to apply a color resist again on the obtained conductive pattern and repeat exposure and development to obtain RGB three primary color liquid crystal pixels.
- various electronic parts can be manufactured by applying the photolithography method to the base material containing the conductive polymer.
- the developer of the present invention can develop a resist film formed on the surface of a base material containing a conductive polymer, and the resist film preferably has various types on the surface of a base material containing a conductive polymer.
- An exposure process that unexposes the part surface and a process that removes the exposed or unexposed part in the exposure process with the developer and exposes at least a part of the surface of the substrate containing the conductive polymer are applied. It is also possible to introduce other components into the exposed substrate by a method such as doping, to change the properties, or to remove the exposed substrate portion to form a conductive pattern. Can also be applied to, then, it is also possible to remove the resist pattern remaining.
- the resist film developed with the developer of the present invention comprises at least a photoresist that can be developed with an alkaline developer.
- photoresist There are two types of photoresist: a positive type in which the exposed part is removed by development, and a negative type in which the non-exposed part is removed by development and the exposed part is not removed.
- the developer of the present invention can be applied to either of these. Preferably, it is a positive type capable of forming a finer pattern.
- the negative resist is preferably a liquid resist or a solid film dry film, and more preferably a solid film dry film.
- the positive photoresist is a composition containing a naphthoquinone diazide compound and a novolac resin, and may further contain polyvinyl methyl ether, and is usually a dye, an adhesion aid and a surfactant that are used in combination with the positive photoresist. Etc. can be contained.
- the naphthoquinonediazide compound is a photosensitive component of a positive photoresist, and is 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic acid, 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic acid, or 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-4- Examples include sulfonic acid esters or amides.
- 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic acid ester or 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-4-sulfonic acid ester of a polyhydroxy aromatic compound is preferable, and 2,3,4 -Polyhydroxybenzophenone or 2,3,4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,2 ', 4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone or 2,3,4,2', 4'-pentahydroxybenzophenone, etc. Hydroxy 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide-5-sulfonic acid ester or 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide-4-sulfonic acid ester.
- the novolac resin is a film forming component of a positive photoresist.
- the novolak resin is not particularly limited, and conventionally used as a film-forming substance in known positive photoresist compositions, for example, aromatic hydroxy compounds such as phenol, cresol, xylenol, and aldehydes such as formaldehyde Can be used in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as oxalic acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid.
- the content ratio of the novolak resin and the naphthoquinone diazide compound is 5 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass, preferably 10 parts by mass to 80 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the novolac resin.
- any polymer can be used without being limited to the molecular weight, and examples thereof include BASF Corporation products “Lutneral M40” and “Lutneral A25”.
- the content ratio of the main three components by adding two components of the novolak resin and the naphthoquinone diazide compound or polyvinyl methyl ether to the entire composition is preferably 70% or more, More preferably, it is 80% or more.
- Examples of the substrate containing the conductive polymer in the present invention include those containing polythiophene and its derivatives, polypyrrole and its derivatives, polyaniline and its derivatives, etc. as the conductive polymers. These conductive polymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Preferred conductive polymers are highly stable polythiophene and its derivatives, more preferred are poly (3,4-dialkoxyoxythiophene) and its derivatives, and most preferred are conductive and stable in air. Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and its derivatives excellent in heat resistance and heat resistance.
- the substrate in the case of using a base material containing a conductive polymer on another substrate is not particularly limited as long as it does not cause deformation, alteration or the like in the prebaking step, the developing step, or the like.
- This substrate is usually made of a material containing a resin, a metal, an inorganic compound, or the like.
- a film, sheet, or plate containing a resin, or a foil or plate containing a metal, an inorganic compound, or the like can be given.
- a film is preferable, and includes a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, a polysulfone resin, a polyethersulfone resin, a polyetherketone resin, a cycloolefin resin, a polyimide resin, and a thermoplastic resin such as a polycarbonate resin.
- a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate
- a polysulfone resin such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate
- a polysulfone resin such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate
- a polysulfone resin such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate
- a polysulfone resin such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate
- a polysulfone resin such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate
- the base material containing the conductive polymer may contain a dopant, an enhancer, or the like for the purpose of improving conductivity.
- the dopant include halogens such as iodine and chlorine, Lewis acids such as BF 3 and PF 5 , proton acids such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid, transition metals, alkali metals, amino acids, nucleic acids, surfactants, dyes, chloranil, tetra Conventionally known dopants such as cyanoethylene and TCNQ can be used.
- a dopant when polythiophene is used as the conductive polymer polystyrene sulfonic acid is preferable.
- the dopant may be preliminarily contained in the base material containing the conductive polymer, or may be included later in a specific portion of the base material containing the conductive polymer using the patterned resist film as a mask. These may be used in combination.
- the conductivity of only that part can be changed, so a resistive element, a switching element, etc. in the base material containing the conductive polymer It is possible to obtain the effects such as reducing the interface contact resistance with the external electrode.
- the content thereof is preferably 50 to 5,000 parts by mass, more preferably 100 to 3,000 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conductive polymer. Part by mass.
- this dopant is contained in an amount within the above range, the effect of improving conductivity is sufficiently exhibited.
- the enhancer is a component that improves the conductivity by regularly arranging the conductive polymer during the formation of the base material containing the conductive polymer, and preferably has a boiling point of 100 ° C. or higher at atmospheric pressure. It is a certain polar compound. Examples thereof include dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, ethylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the base material containing the conductive polymer contains an enhancer, the content thereof is preferably 1 to 10%, more preferably 3 to 5% with respect to the base material.
- the base material containing the conductive polymer can be used as the base material containing the conductive polymer.
- a composition containing polythiophene H.P. C. “CLEVIOS” (registered trademark) manufactured by Starck, Inc., “CLEVIOS P”, “CLEVIOs PH”, “CLEVIOs PH500”, “CLEVIOS P AG”, “CLEVIOS P HCV4”, “CLEVIOS FE”, “CLEVIOS F HC” is exemplified.
- “Karen Fine” (registered trademark) products manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films may be used. This product contains poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and uses polystyrene sulfonic acid as a dopant.
- ST series manufactured by Achilles Co., Ltd. in which a polypyrrole conductive polymer layer is laminated
- Maruai Co., Ltd. SCS series, in which a polyaniline conductive polymer layer is laminated, are known.
- the method for forming the base material layer containing the conductive polymer is not particularly limited.
- a substrate layer containing a conductive polymer can be obtained by applying a substrate containing a conductive polymer to a substrate and drying it, or by forming a film of the substrate containing the conductive polymer as it is.
- the application method in the case of applying a substrate containing a conductive polymer on a substrate is not particularly limited, and is a spin coating method, a roll coating method, a dip method, a casting method, a spray method, an ink jet method, a screen printing method, An applicator method or the like can be used.
- the coating conditions can be selected in consideration of the coating method, the solid content concentration of the composition, the viscosity, and the like so as to obtain a desired film thickness.
- a film obtained by applying a substrate containing a conductive polymer to a peelable substrate and drying it can be used as it is, It is also possible to make a composite by adhering to the surface of the substrate. At this time, an adhesive may be used, or heating or the like may be used without using the adhesive.
- the base material layer containing a conductive polymer may be formed on the entire surface of the substrate, or may be formed on a desired portion.
- the thickness of the base material layer containing the conductive polymer is preferably 0.01 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.03 to 10 ⁇ m, because it is not economical to use a thick layer.
- the preferred thickness is 1 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the formation of the resist film is a process of forming the photoresist on the surface of a base material containing a conductive polymer.
- the method for applying the photoresist is not particularly limited, and a spin coating method, a roll coating method, a dip method, a casting method, a spray method, an ink jet method, a screen printing method, an applicator method, and the like can be used.
- the composition is usually applied at room temperature, but may be applied while heating a substrate containing a conductive polymer, if necessary.
- the preferred thickness of the resist film is 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the resist film is preferably heated by a pre-bake process, and the heating conditions are usually appropriately selected according to the composition of the photoresist, but are preferably 80 ° C. to 140 ° C.
- the atmosphere at the time of a heating is not specifically limited, Usually, it is air
- the thickness of the resist film after the pre-baking step is preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m. When the film thickness is in the above range, yield reduction due to pinholes can be suppressed, and processes such as exposure, development, and peeling can be completed in a short time, and development defects and peeling defects are less likely to occur.
- the surface of the resist film is selectively irradiated with light through a photomask (exposure process).
- the photoresist is a positive type
- the exposed portion of the resist film is usually alkali-soluble, and is removed by a development process.
- the non-exposed portion is removed.
- the exposure conditions in the exposure step are appropriately selected depending on the composition of the resist film (type of additive, etc.), thickness, and the like.
- radiation such as charged particle beams such as ultraviolet rays, far ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and electron beams can be used for this exposure.
- the soluble portion of the resist film is removed using a developer, and the surface of the base material layer containing the conductive polymer is exposed.
- the resist film remaining after development may be used as a mask for the next process or as a material constituting a device such as an insulating portion.
- the developer of the present invention is used in the above development process.
- An aqueous alkali solution has heretofore been generally used as a developing solution for a resist film made of a naphthoquinonediazide-novolak type photoresist, which is preferable as a positive resist.
- the alkali used for the preparation of the alkaline aqueous solution include an organic alkali and an inorganic alkali.
- Organic alkalis such as tetraalkylammonium hydroxides such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) are frequently used in the manufacture of electrical and electronic parts such as semiconductors, liquid crystal panels, and printed wiring boards.
- TMAH tetraalkylammonium hydroxides
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- buffers may be used.
- the inventors of the present invention form a resist film on a substrate containing a conductive polymer, and after exposure, a developer containing an alkaline agent and preferably a predetermined concentration of acid and / or salt thereof as a developer.
- a developer containing an alkaline agent and preferably a predetermined concentration of acid and / or salt thereof as a developer.
- the developer of the present invention is an alkaline developer containing an acid as a protective agent for a substrate containing a conductive polymer.
- a protective agent When a protective agent is added to the developer, it is possible to suppress an increase in the surface resistance of the substrate containing the conductive polymer when in contact with the developer.
- the protective agent include surfactants, inorganic salts, and carboxylic acids. Salts, amino acids, and the like, and one or more of these may be used in combination. However, particularly when an acid or a salt thereof is included, the effect of suppressing an increase in surface resistance is great. Or the salt is an essential component.
- the developer is alkaline in order to have the ability to develop, it is essential that the pH is greater than 7, but is preferably pH 11 or higher, more preferably pH 12 or higher, more preferably pH 12.5 or higher.
- the upper limit of the pH is such that if the pH exceeds 13.5, the surface resistance increases remarkably, and if the pH exceeds 14, the surface resistance further increases, so that the pH is preferably 14 or less, more preferably 13.5 or less.
- the main components of the developer of the present invention are an inorganic alkali agent and a solvent, and may contain an acid and / or a salt thereof as essential components and other various additives.
- the alkaline agent that is the main component of the developer any inorganic substance that dissolves in the solvent and exhibits basicity can be used, but KOH, NaOH, K 2 CO 3 , KHCO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3, etc.
- Inorganic alkali agents preferably inorganic alkali agents that exhibit a significant protective effect, more preferably potassium salts such as KOH, K 2 CO 3 , KHCO 3 , and even more preferably KOH.
- An organic alkali agent typified by a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide such as TMAH may be contained in a small amount, and specifically, it may be contained if it is less than 50% by mass of the alkali agent.
- TMAH tetraalkylammonium hydroxide
- One or more of these alkali agents may be used in combination.
- the amount of carbonate used in combination is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mol, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mol in combination with 1 mol of the alkali agent.
- As carbonate, potassium carbonate and / or sodium carbonate are preferable, and potassium carbonate is more preferable.
- the concentration of alkali metals contained in the developer is preferably 0.08 mol / liter to 0.20 mol / liter. More preferably, the concentration is 0.09 mol / liter to 0.18 mol / liter, more preferably 0.09 mol / liter to 0.15 mol / liter.
- the alkali metal is preferably potassium.
- the alkaline agent when alkali metal ions other than potassium and sodium are included, lithium ions, rubidium ions, cesium ions and the like can be mentioned. Even if potassium ions and sodium ions coexist, the exposed portion in the resist film after the exposure step can be efficiently removed, and the present invention can be carried out.
- the resist pattern when the resist pattern is in direct contact with the conductive polymer layer, if the concentration of sodium ions is too high, the resist pattern will easily peel off from the substrate layer containing the conductive polymer, and the desired resist will be removed. Pattern formation becomes difficult. Therefore, the upper limit of the sodium ion concentration in the developer of the present invention is preferably less than 0.1 mol / liter.
- any solvent can be used as long as it dissolves the inorganic alkaline agent and the protective agent. What mixed the polar solvent with water can also be used preferably similarly.
- polar solvents basic amines, ammonia, and piperazines are not preferable to be contained in a large amount because they adversely affect the conductive polymer.
- What can be used as an acid and / or a salt thereof as an essential component of the developer of the present invention is selected from inorganic acids, amino acids having an isoelectric point of less than 7, and carboxylic acids having two or more carboxyl groups.
- inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, chloric acid, chlorous acid, boric acid, hydrofluoric acid, etc.
- amino acids having an isoelectric point less than 7 are ⁇ -amino acids, acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, threonine, cysteine, methionine, asparagine, glutamine, proline , Neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.
- ⁇ -amino acids those other than glycine are optically active, but both D-form and L-form can be used similarly.
- glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid and more preferred are glycine and aspartic acid.
- the solvent is water, those having 6 or less carbon atoms are preferred because they tend to have high solubility in water.
- Carboxylic acids having two or more carboxyl groups include aliphatic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, etc. And tricarboxylic acids such as aromatic dicarboxylic acid and citric acid.
- Carboxylic acids having two or more carboxyl groups usually have a plurality of pKa values corresponding to the number of carboxylic acids, but preferably have the smallest pKa value of 3 or less. Further, when the solvent is water, those having 6 or less carbon atoms are preferred because they tend to have high solubility in water.
- these acids may be salts, and when the acid is a salt, the preferred alkali ion base is the above-mentioned alkaline agent base. Two or more of the above acids and / or bases may be used in combination, and among them, a combination of an amino acid and an inorganic acid is a preferable combination.
- the concentration of the acid and / or salt used in the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 10%, more preferably 0.1 to 1% in terms of mass concentration with respect to the whole developer. Within this range, it is more preferable that the amount be in the range of 0.01 to 0.5 mol with respect to 1 mol of the alkali agent contained in the developer.
- surfactants and inorganic salts can be used in addition to the acid and / or salt thereof as the protective agent, and nonionic surfactants are preferred as the surfactant.
- the inorganic salt is preferably a neutral calcium salt. More specifically, as the surfactant, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether is preferable, and polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether is more preferable.
- As the inorganic salt a halide of an alkaline earth metal such as calcium chloride is particularly preferable.
- the content of the combination component of the protective agent is not particularly limited, but it is less than 50%, preferably less than 30%, of the total protective agent essentially containing an acid and / or a salt thereof.
- the exposed surface of the substrate containing the conductive polymer and the developer come into contact with each other. It will be. In the conventional developer, this contact damages the surface of the substrate containing the conductive polymer, but the damage is suppressed in the developer of the present invention.
- the preferred development time for development using the developer of the present invention is 1 second to 30 minutes, more preferably 10 seconds to 200 seconds. If the development time is too long, part of the surface of the substrate containing the conductive polymer may be corroded. On the other hand, if the development time is too short, there may be a residual development.
- the substrate containing the conductive polymer exposed by the development step may be partially altered by a method such as doping using the patterned resist film portion as a mask, or the above-mentioned
- the resist film portion may be used as a mask to be removed by a method such as etching.
- the temperature of the developer is not particularly limited. However, the higher the temperature, the faster the development speed. On the other hand, the lower the temperature, the slower the development speed. The omission is less likely to occur. Accordingly, a preferable developer temperature is 15 ° C. or more and 35 ° C. or less.
- a developing method methods such as a dipping method and a spray method can be applied.
- a known etching solution and etching method can be used in accordance with the properties of the conductive polymer.
- Specific examples of the etching solution are described in WO2008 / 041461 international publication pamphlet, more than 0.5% and 70% or less (NH 4 ) 2 Ce (NO 3 ) 6 or 0.5% or more and 30% or less.
- An etching solution containing Ce (SO 4 ) 2 and a method disclosed in the above-mentioned international publication pamphlet can be applied to a specific etching method.
- an etching solution containing (NH 4 ) 2 Ce (NO 3 ) 6 in an amount of preferably 1 to 30%, more preferably 3 to 20% is used. Without exposing the substrate layer containing the conductive polymer in contact with the side, the exposed substrate containing the conductive polymer can be efficiently removed.
- a release agent a release agent that has little adverse effect on the substrate containing the conductive polymer, oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms in the chemical structure Or an aprotic organic solvent (a) containing both of them, and an organic solvent having a nitrogen atom in the chemical structure other than the primary amine compound, secondary amine compound and organic quaternary ammonium salt ( b).
- the aprotic organic solvent (a) and the organic solvent (b) may be used in combination.
- preferable release agents include at least one selected from dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene carbonate and ⁇ -butyrolactone as the aprotic organic solvent (a), and N as the organic solvent (b) having a nitrogen atom.
- aprotic organic solvent ethylene carbonate and ⁇ -butyrolactone
- N the organic solvent having a nitrogen atom.
- the treatment temperature using the above release agent is not particularly limited. When the processing temperature is high, the viscosity of the release agent tends to be low, and the removal of the resist film portion is completed in a short time. However, if the treatment temperature is too high, the surface resistance of the base material portion 121 containing the conductive polymer patterned after peeling may increase and the conductivity may decrease. Therefore, it is preferably 5 ° C to 60 ° C, more preferably 5 ° C to 50 ° C, and more preferably 10 ° C to 40 ° C.
- a finely patterned conductive pattern and resist pattern can be formed, and the surface resistance of the substrate containing the conductive polymer maintains a good value.
- Example 11 of Table 1 the acid is described as “hydrochloric acid + glycine” and the acid addition amount is 0.044 + 0.075 because the addition of 0.044 g of hydrochloric acid as HCl and 0.075 g of glycine was added. means.
- alkali agent 2 together with alkali agent 1 shown in Examples 18 to 25 of Table 3
- the acid shown in the “acid” column of the table is added to the glass beaker in the acid addition amount (unit g) column of the table. Weighed to the weight shown in FIG.
- alkali agent 2 which is an alkali carbonate salt in the amount of addition of alkali agent 2 (unit: g) in the table to dissolve it.
- alkaline agent 1 and deionized water were added as appropriate until the pH value reached the value in the “pH” column of the table. The total liquid weight after adjustment was measured and entered in the table.
- the acid is solid at room temperature, it is weighed and collected as a solid, and what is normally used as a solution, such as hydrochloric acid, is diluted so that the pure weight of the acid becomes the “added amount”. The minutes were converted and collected. That is, when the “acid addition amount” in the table is 1 g, and the acid is a 50% aqueous solution, it means that 2 g of the aqueous acid solution was sampled and added.
- Hydrochloric acid is a 35% product manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd. (trade name: white hydrochloric acid), nitric acid is a 60% nitric acid reagent special grade manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, and sulfuric acid is sulfuric acid manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries (purity 95.0% or more) Special reagent grade, phosphoric acid is Wako Pure Chemical Industries' phosphoric acid (purity 85.0% or higher) reagent special grade, oxalic acid is Wako Pure Chemical Industries oxalic acid (anhydrous) Wako special grade, glycine is manufactured by Kishida Chemical Glycine reagent special grade, glutamic acid is L-glutamic acid reagent special grade made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, citric acid is citric acid (monohydrate) reagent special grade made by Kishida Chemical, phthalic acid is phthalate made by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Sako Wako Special Grade, Aspartic Acid
- Alkaline agent is KOH is a product name of Super Kari-R manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- TMAH is a 25% tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution (for precision analysis) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- NaOH is manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd. 48% sodium hydroxide
- K 2 CO 3 was a special grade of potassium carbonate (anhydrous) reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- Na 2 CO 3 was a special grade of sodium carbonate (anhydrous) reagent manufactured by Kishida Chemical.
- a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet having a corona-treated surface is selected as a base that does not contain a conductive polymer, and a trade name “CLEVIOS FE” (trade name, manufactured by HC Starck Co., Ltd.)
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- CLEVIOS FE trade name, manufactured by HC Starck Co., Ltd.
- a thin film of a base material containing a conductive polymer of about 100 nm was prepared. This was substrate A on which a base material layer containing a conductive polymer was laminated.
- TRP-43 trade name “manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- This resist layer is exposed with a light amount of 100 mJ / cm 2 through a mask pattern using an exposure device (manufactured by Hitech Co., Ltd.), developed with various developers shown in Table 1 at 25 ° C., washed with water, and dried. And the board
- ⁇ Preparation of conductive pattern> Using the resist pattern of the substrate B as a mask, the substrate containing the conductive polymer is immersed for 1 minute at 30 ° C. using an etching solution which is a mixture of 10% by mass of cerium ammonium nitrate and 10% by mass of nitric acid. The conductive pattern was formed by etching and washing with water. Finally, the resist layer on the conductive polymer was exfoliated by dipping ⁇ -butyrolactone as a stripping solution for 1 minute at 10 ° C. while stirring with a stirring blade at 400 rpm. Thereafter, ion-exchanged water was used as a cleaning solution, and the substrate was immersed and rinsed at 10 ° C. for 1 minute while stirring at 400 rpm with a stirring blade. Thus, a substrate C having a conductive pattern was obtained.
- an etching solution which is a mixture of 10% by mass of cerium ammonium nitrate and 10% by mass of nitric acid.
- Table 1 show that even when the same KOH is used as the alkali agent, the group containing the conductive polymer is not added when the acid of the present invention is not added or when the developer comes into contact with an acid different from the present invention. It shows that the increase rate of the surface resistance of the material is greatly increased to 70% or more, while the increase in the surface resistance of the substrate containing the conductive polymer when in contact with the developer of the present invention. Since the rate is less than 70%, it can be said that the developer of the present invention hardly affects the surface resistance of the substrate containing the conductive polymer.
- Examples 18 to 29 and Comparative Examples 12 to 19 in Tables 3 and 4 there were no problems in resist developability and adhesion, and all of the resist patterns and conductive patterns were clean.
- the results in Table 3 indicate that when the alkaline agent is a mixture of an alkali hydroxide and an alkali carbonate, a good developer with a low increase in surface resistance is obtained.
- the results of Table 4 show that the developer of the present invention has the same effect as that of the polythiophene-based developer as well as the developer that contacts the polypyrrole-based or polyaniline-based substrate containing the conductive polymer. Is shown.
- the developer of the present invention provides high conductivity and pattern formation of a conductive polymer having a fine pattern.
- ITO containing rare elements transparent conductive films for various electronic display elements, solar cells It can utilize for manufacture of optical elements, circuits, etc.
- Substrate not containing conductive polymer 12: Base material or base material layer containing conductive polymer, 121: Patterned base material portion containing conductive polymer, 122: Modified conductivity Base material portion containing polymer, 13: resist film, 131: patterned resist film portion.
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Abstract
Description
この導電性高分子は、導電性、透光性および発光性を有し、成膜後もITOよりフレキシビリティが高いという特徴を持っており、透明導電膜、電解コンデンサー、帯電防止膜、電池、有機ELディスプレイ等への応用が研究され、一部では実用化されている。
電解コンデンサーの場合、従来の電解液の代わりに、電荷移動錯体やポリチオフェン等の導電性固体を用いることが試みられているが、より導電性に優れた導電性高分子を使用することにより、周波数特性の良好な電解コンデンサーを作ることができる。電解コンデンサー用途の導電性高分子では化学的・物理的に安定であり、耐熱性に優れることも求められている。
また、導電性高分子をポリマーフィルム等の表面に薄く成膜することにより、透明性を保ったまま静電気を防止することができるため、使い勝手の良い帯電防止フィルムや帯電防止容器等として使用されている。
リチウムポリアニリン電池やリチウムイオンポリマー電池等では、導電性高分子が2次電池の正極として用いられている。
さらに、発光層に導電性高分子を用いた有機ELディスプレイがあり、基板として、ガラスではなく有機材料を用いることで、フレキシブルなディスプレイを作製することができる。また、導電性高分子は、有機ELディスプレイの正孔輸送層にも用いることができる。有機ELディスプレイは自発光のディスプレイであり、視野角が広く、応答速度の速い軽量薄型のディスプレイを実現できるため、将来性のあるフラットパネルディスプレイとして盛んに開発が進められている。
導電性高分子のパターン形成が必要な分野として、例えば、タッチパネル、電子ペーパー、有機ELディスプレイ(低分子有機ELディスプレイと高分子有機ELディスプレイが挙げられる)、無機ELディスプレイ、FED(SED)の名称で呼ばれる自発光式ディスプレイの電極自体と電極からの引き出し線等が挙げられる。
特許文献1には、スクリーン印刷法、インクジェット等を利用した印刷法が開示されている。印刷法は、パターン形成と同時に成膜も行うため生産工程は簡便だが、パターンの精度や表面の平滑性に乏しい問題があった。さらに、印刷法を応用するには、導電性高分子をインク化する必要があるが、導電性高分子は、凝集しやすいためにインク化が難しいという問題もあった。
特許文献2に開示されている。特許文献2には、導電性高分子上に、直接、レジストパターンを形成し、導電性高分子をエッチングすることで導電性高分子のパターン(導電パターンと呼ぶ)を形成する方法が開示されている。ここで用いることのできるレジストとしては、電子線レジストおよびフォトレジストが挙げられているが、レジストパターンを形成する上で必要な現像液についての詳細な説明はなかった。現像液としては、実施例の中で「MF-312」(Shipley社製)を使用した例があるのみである。この「MF-312」は、テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド(以下、「TMAH」と略す)の水溶液からなるメタルフリーの現像液であることが特許文献3に開示されている。以上のように、導電性高分子フォトリソグラフ法を用いて、導電性高分子を用いた導電パターンを作製する技術が知られていたが、レジストの現像に用いる現像液としては、TMAH等の従来から一般的に用いられているものしか知られてはいなかった。
すなわち、導電性高分子のパターンを形成する技術において、従来公知の現像液が導電性高分子にもたらす、悪影響について検討された事例はなく、その解決策も知られてはいなかった。
本発明は、以下に示される。
1.無機酸、等電点が7より小さいアミノ酸、カルボキシル基を二つ以上持つカルボン酸、のなかから選ばれる一つ以上の酸および/またはその塩と、無機アルカリ剤と、溶剤とを含む、導電性高分子を含む基材上に配されたフォトレジスト用の現像液
2.無機酸、等電点が7より小さいアミノ酸、カルボキシル基を二つ以上持つカルボン酸、のなかから選ばれる一つ以上の酸および/またはその塩の含有量が、現像液全体のなかで0.01~10質量%である、上記1.に記載の導電性高分子を含む基材上に配されたフォトレジスト用の現像液
3.アルカリ剤が、カリウムおよび/またはナトリウムの、水酸化物および/または炭酸塩を含む、上記1.または2.に記載の、導電性高分子を含む基材上に配されたフォトレジスト用の現像液。
4.pHが12から13.5の間である、上記1.~3.のいずれかに記載の、導電性高分子を含む基材上に配されたフォトレジスト用の現像液。
5.導電性高分子を含む基材上に配されたフォトレジストの、少なくとも一部表面を未露光とする露光工程と、上記1.~4.のいずれかの現像液を用いて、上記フォトレジストを現像する工程とを含む、導電性高分子を含む基材上に配されたフォトレジストを現像し、レジストパターンを形成する方法。
6.導電性高分子を含む基材上に、フォトレジスト膜を形成する膜形成工程と、
上記フォトレジスト膜を加熱するプリベーク工程と、
上記プリベーク工程により得られたレジスト膜を露光する工程であって、該レジスト膜の表面のうち、上記導電層の表面に配された上記レジスト膜の少なくとも一部表面を未露光とする露光工程と、
上記露光工程における露光部と未露光部とのいずれかを上記現像液で除去し、導電性高分子を含む基材の少なくとも一部分を露出させる現像工程と、
を、順次、備える上記5.に記載のレジストパターンを形成する方法。
7.上記導電性高分子がポリチオフェンまたはポリピロールである上記5.または6.に記載のレジストパターンを形成する方法。
8.ポジ型フォトレジストを用い、リン酸、グリシン、アスパラギン酸のなかから1つ以上選択される酸と、KOHとK2CO3とからなるアルカリ剤と水とを含む現像液で現像する、上記5.~7のいずれかに記載のレジストパターンを形成する方法。
9.上記5.~8.のいずれかに記載の方法で形成されたレジストパターンを用いて、導電性高分子を含む基材の少なくとも一部を除去し、導電パターンを形成する方法。
10.上記9.に記載の方法で形成された導電パターンを有する基板
導電性高分子を含む基材は、図1に示されるように、基体自体が導電性高分子を含む基材からなる場合や、図4に示されるような、導電性高分子を含まない基体の上に導電性高分子を含む基材が積層されて導電性高分子を含む基材層となる場合のように、様々な形状で使用されうるが、本発明は、いずれの形状においても、導電性高分子を含む基材の上に配されたフォトレジストを現像して、所定の形状を有するパターン化されたレジスト膜部分(図面では131で示される部分)を形成する際に用いられる、レジスト現像液(以下現像液と呼ぶ)に関する。
また、レジストパターンをマスクとして、導電性高分子層に導電性や表面抵抗等を変化させるドーパント等を含浸させたり作用させたりして、図3に示す、変質された導電性高分子を含む基材部分122を形成させたりすることもできる。
さらに、導電性高分子を含む基材層をエッチング等の方法で部分的に除去して、図6の121に示す、パターン化された導電性高分子を含む基材部分を形成したりすることができる。なお、「所定の形状にパターン化された導電性高分子を含む基材部分」を「導電パターン」と呼ぶ。得られた導電パターンの上に再度カラーレジストを塗布し、露光現像を繰り返してRGB三原色の液晶画素を得ることなどもできる
また、帝人デュポンフィルム社により製造された「カレンファイン」(登録商標)の商品を用いることができる。この商品は、ポリ(3、4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)を含有し、ポリスチレンスルホン酸をドーパントとしている。他にも、ポリピロール系導電性高分子層が積層された、アキレス社製のSTシリーズや、ポリアニリン系導電性高分子層が積層されたマルアイ社のSCSシリーズなどが知られている。
ポジ型レジストとして好ましい、ナフトキノンジアジド-ノボラック型フォトレジストからなるレジスト膜に、従来、現像液として一般的に用いられてきたのはアルカリ水溶液である。このアルカリ水溶液の調製に用いられるアルカリとしては、有機アルカリおよび無機アルカリがある。半導体、液晶パネル、プリント配線板等の電気電子部品の製造には、テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド(TMAH)等のテトラアルキルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド等の有機アルカリが多用されている。一方、パターン化されたレジスト膜部分をマスクとして、銅やクロム等の金属のエッチングを行なう場合は、金属の腐食防止のために水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウムと炭酸ナトリウム等の無機アルカリとからなる緩衝液が用いられる場合もあることが知られている。
現像液に保護剤を添加すると、現像液と接触したときの導電性高分子を含む基材の表面抵抗の増大を抑制することができ、保護剤としては、界面活性剤、無機塩、カルボン酸塩、アミノ酸等が挙げられ、これらのうちの1種以上を併用することができるが、特に酸またはその塩が含まれるとき、表面抵抗の増大を抑制する効果が大きいので、本発明においては酸またはその塩が必須の成分である。
上記現像液は、現像する能力を持つためにはアルカリ性であるからpHとしては7より大きいことが必須であるが、好ましくは、pH11以上、さらに好ましくはpH12以上、より好ましくはpH12.5以上であり、pHの上限は、pH13.5を超えると表面抵抗の増大が著しくなり、pH14を超えると更に極端に表面抵抗が増大するため、pH14以下が好ましく、さらに好ましくはpH13.5以下である。
現像液の主成分であるアルカリ剤としては、溶剤に溶けて塩基性を示す無機物質なら何でも用いることができるが、KOH、NaOH、K2CO3、KHCO3、Na2CO3、NaHCO3等の無機アルカリ剤であり、好ましくは保護剤の効果が大きく表れる無機アルカリ剤であり、より好ましくは、KOH、K2CO3、KHCO3等のカリウム塩であり、更に好ましくはKOHである。TMAH等のテトラアルキルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイドに代表される有機アルカリ剤は少量ならば含まれても差し支えなく、具体的にはアルカリ剤の50質量%未満ならば含まれても良い。
これらのアルカリ剤は1種以上を併用することも差し支えない。特に水酸化アルカリと炭酸塩を併用すると導電性高分子を含む基材の表面抵抗値を増大させない効果があるので好ましい。併用する炭酸塩の量はアルカリ剤の1モルに対して0.1~2.0モル併用することが好ましく、0.5~1.5モル併用することがより好ましい。炭酸塩としては、炭酸カリウムおよび/または炭酸ナトリウムが好ましく、炭酸カリウムがより好ましい。
アルカリ金属としてはカリウムであることが好ましい。
本発明の現像液を用いる現像の好ましい現像時間は、1秒以上30分以下、さらに好ましくは10秒以上200秒以下である。現像時間が長すぎると、導電性高分子を含む基材の表面の一部が腐食される場合がある。一方で、現像時間があまりに短いと現像残りが生じる場合がある。上記現像工程により露出している導電性高分子を含む基材は、次にパターン化されたレジスト膜部分をマスクとして、ドーピング等の方法により、部分的に変質させても良いし、あるいは上記のレジスト膜部分をマスクとして、エッチング等の方法により除去されてもよい。
本発明においては、好ましくは1~30%、より好ましくは3~20%の(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6を含むエッチング液を用いることにより、パターン化されたレジスト膜部分131の下方側に接する導電性高分子を含む基材層を侵すことなく、露出している導電性高分子を含む基材を効率よく除去することができる。
<現像液の調製>
表1、2、4に列記する現像液は、まず、ガラスビーカーに、表の「酸」欄に示す酸を、表の酸添加量(単位g)欄に示す重量になるように秤量して脱イオン水90gに溶解し、次に堀場製作所製ガラス電極(型式9621C)と堀場製作所製pHメーター(型式D-12)で液のpHを測定しながら、pH値が表の「pH」欄の値になるまでアルカリ剤と脱イオン水を適宜加えた。調整後の全体の液重量を測定して表に記入した。表1の実施例11において、酸が「塩酸+グリシン」、酸添加量が0.044+0.075と記載されているのは、塩酸をHClとして0.044gおよびグリシンを0.075g添加したことを意味する。なお、pHメーターはpH=4,7,9の3種の標準液で校正してから用いた。
表3の実施例18~25で示す、アルカリ剤1と共にアルカリ剤2を用いるときは、まず、ガラスビーカーに、表の「酸」欄に示す酸を、表の酸添加量(単位g)欄に示す重量になるように秤量して脱イオン水90gに溶解し、次に炭酸アルカリ塩であるアルカリ剤2を表のアルカリ剤2添加量(単位g)だけ加えて溶解し、ガラス電極式pHメーターで液のpHを測定しながら、pH値が表の「pH」欄の値になるまでアルカリ剤1と脱イオン水を適宜加えた。調整後の全体の液重量を測定して表に記入した。
導電性高分子を含まない基体として表面をコロナ処理したポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)シートを選び、その表面に導電性高分子として商品名「CLEVIOS FE」(商品名、エイチ・シー・スタルク株式会社製、ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)含有)を用いて100nm程度の導電性高分子を含む基材の薄膜を作製した。これを、導電性高分子を含む基材層を積層した基板Aとした。なお、表4では、上記の「CLEVIOS FE/PETフィルム」の代わりに、実施例26,27および比較例12~15では、PETフィルム基体にポリピロール系導電性高分子層が積層された、アキレス社製の「ST」ポリのフィルム基板を使用した。
実施例28,29および比較例16~19では、A-PETフィルム基体にポリアニリン系導電性高分子層が積層されたフィルム基板として、マルアイ社のSCS A-PETを使用した。
また、基板Aの表面に、フォトレジストとして、ナフトキノンジアジド化合物とノボラック樹脂を含むポジ型フォトレジストである商品名「TRP-43」(東亞合成(株)製)をスピンコーターを用いてコートし、90℃で15分プリベークをおこなって、膜厚1.2μmのレジスト層を形成した。このレジスト層を露光装置((株)ハイテック製)を用いてマスクパターンを介して100mJ/cm2の光量で露光し、表1に示す各種現像液にて25℃で現像し、水洗後、乾燥して、基板Aの導電性高分子を含む基材層上にレジストパターンを有する基板Bを形成した。
基板Bのレジストパターンをマスクとして、10質量%の硝酸セリウムアンモニウムと10質量%の硝酸の混合物であるエッチング液を用いて、30℃にて1分間浸漬し、導電性高分子を含む基材をエッチング処理し、水洗して導電パターンを形成した。
最後に、導電性高分子上のレジスト層を、剥離液としてγ‐ブチロラクトンを撹拌羽で400回転/分で撹拌しながら10℃にて1分間浸漬して剥離した。その後イオン交換水を洗浄液として、撹拌羽で400回転/分で撹拌しながら10℃にて1分間浸漬してリンスした。こうして導電パターンを有する基板Cを得た。
導電性高分子を含む基材が表面に露出した基板Aに対し、ピン間距離5mmのES型4探針プローブ(株式会社ダイアインスツルメントの商品名MCP-TP08)を基材表面に接触させて、表面抵抗計(株式会社ダイアインスツルメントの商品名ロレスターGP)によって、JIS K-7194に定める4探針法に基づく表面抵抗値を測定した。表面抵抗値は基板の中心近くで6点測定してその平均値を表面抵抗1とした。その後、表面抵抗を測定した基板Aを表1~4で示す各々の現像液に25℃で1分間浸し、取り出して脱イオン水で十分流水洗浄して、清浄な紙(商品名キムワイプ)に脱イオン水を吸収させ、30分間自然乾燥した後、再び表面抵抗2を測定した。そして、(表面抵抗2-表面抵抗1)/表面抵抗1×100、の値を増加率(単位%)として表1~4に示した。増加率の値が大きいほど、現像液による表面抵抗の増大が大きかったことを示すので、増加率の値が小さい現像液がより優れていることを示す。なお、表4のポリアニリンを使用した実施例28、29と比較例16~19では現像液に浸漬する時間を1分にすると表面抵抗計の測定範囲を超えるほどの表面抵抗が上昇したため、浸漬時間を1分より短縮して測定した。
☆現像性
線幅100μmのライン&スペースでレジストパターンを作製した基板Bを、乾燥後、300倍の光学顕微鏡で観察し、現像で除かれているべき部分のレジストの残りの有無を観察した。表1の実施例1~11と比較例1~4では、すべての例で不正なレジスト残りはなく、きれいなレジストパターンが得られていたので表1には現像性の評価結果は記載しなかった。表2においては、比較例8および9において、現像性が良好でなく、線長で合計10mmの範囲のラインを追って調べた中で、5か所以上のスペース部分にレジスト残りが認められたので、表2の現像特性の欄に白抜きの三角(△)の印で示した。現像性と密着性の両方が良好だったものは丸印(○)で示した。
レジスト層に線幅100μmのライン&スペースのレジストパターンを切った後、導電性高分子を含む基材をエッチングし、次いで剥離液にて該レジスト層を剥離して、基板Cを得た。基板Cを300倍の光学顕微鏡で観察し、ラインの異状具合を調べた。レジストパターンと導電性高分子を含む基材との間で剥離があると、エッチング液が入り込むために、残るべき導電パターンがエッチングされて切れてしまうが、表1の実施例1~11と比較例1~4では、すべての例で不正な導電パターンは認められず、きれいな導電パターンが得られていたので表1には現像性と密着性の評価結果は記載しなかった。表2においては、比較例10および11では、現像性は良好だったが、密着性が良好でなかった。エッチング後にレジストを剥離してみたところ、線長で合計10mmの範囲のラインを追って調べた中で、5か所以上で導電パターンが途切れてしまっていたので、密着性不良と判断し、表2の現像特性の欄に黒塗りの三角(▲)の印で示した。現像性と密着性の両方が良好だったものは丸印(○)で示した。
さらに実施例14、15と比較例8の現像特性に着目すると、アルカリ剤だけでは現像特性が悪化するようなpH値でも、本発明の現像液は良好な現像特性を有する。
表4の結果は、本発明の現像液はポリチオフェン系の他、ポリピロール系、ポリアニリン系の導電性高分子を含む基材と接触する現像液としても、ポリチオフェン系の場合と同様な効果があることを示している。
Claims (10)
- 無機酸、等電点が7より小さいアミノ酸、カルボキシル基を二つ以上持つカルボン酸、のなかから選ばれる一つ以上の酸および/またはその塩と、無機アルカリ剤と、溶剤とを含む、導電性高分子を含む基材上に配されたフォトレジスト用の現像液
- 無機酸、等電点が7より小さいアミノ酸、カルボキシル基を二つ以上持つカルボン酸、のなかから選ばれる一つ以上の酸および/またはその塩の含有量が、現像液全体のなかで0.01~10質量%である、請求項1に記載の導電性高分子を含む基材上に配されたフォトレジスト用の現像液
- アルカリ剤が、カリウムおよび/またはナトリウムの、水酸化物および/または炭酸塩を含む、請求項1または2に記載の、導電性高分子を含む基材上に配されたフォトレジスト用の現像液。
- pHが12から13.5の間である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の、導電性高分子を含む基材上に配されたフォトレジスト用の現像液。
- 導電性高分子を含む基材上に配されたフォトレジストの、少なくとも一部表面を未露光とする露光工程と、請求項1~4のいずれかの現像液を用いて、上記フォトレジストを現像する工程とを含む、導電性高分子を含む基材上に配されたフォトレジストを現像し、レジストパターンを形成する方法。
- 導電性高分子を含む基材上に、フォトレジスト膜を形成する膜形成工程と、
上記フォトレジスト膜を加熱するプリベーク工程と、
上記プリベーク工程により得られたレジスト膜を露光する工程であって、該レジスト膜の表面のうち、上記導電層の表面に配された上記レジスト膜の少なくとも一部表面を未露光とする露光工程と、
上記露光工程における露光部と未露光部とのいずれかを上記現像液で除去し、導電性高分子を含む基材の少なくとも一部分を露出させる現像工程と、
を、順次、備える請求項5に記載のレジストパターンを形成する方法。
- 導電性高分子がポリチオフェンまたはポリピロールである請求項5または6に記載のレジストパターンを形成する方法。
- ポジ型フォトレジストを用い、リン酸、グリシン、アスパラギン酸のなかから1つ以上選択される酸と、KOHとK2CO3とからなるアルカリ剤と水とを含む現像液で現像する、請求項5~7のいずれかに記載のレジストパターンを形成する方法。
- 請求項5~8のいずれかに記載の方法で形成されたレジストパターンを用いて、導電性高分子を含む基材の少なくとも一部を除去し、導電パターンを形成する方法。
- 請求項9に記載の方法で形成された導電パターンを有する基板
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