WO2011086603A1 - ガス供給装置 - Google Patents
ガス供給装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011086603A1 WO2011086603A1 PCT/JP2010/000206 JP2010000206W WO2011086603A1 WO 2011086603 A1 WO2011086603 A1 WO 2011086603A1 JP 2010000206 W JP2010000206 W JP 2010000206W WO 2011086603 A1 WO2011086603 A1 WO 2011086603A1
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- injector
- pressure
- gas supply
- valve
- upstream
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas supply device used in a fuel cell system.
- Patent Document 1 As a gas supply device required for a fuel cell system, a device is known in which two injectors having different flow rates are arranged in parallel to adjust the amount of gas passing through the injector (for example, Patent Document 1).
- a large injector has a large stroke and a large flow rate of gas that can be flowed. However, even if the upstream pressure is relatively low, the valve cannot be opened.
- a small injector has a small stroke and a small flow rate of gas that can be flowed, but can be opened even if the upstream pressure is relatively high.
- the fuel gas flows, for example, from a fuel tank in the order of a regulator, an injector, and a fuel cell stack.
- the fuel cell system is left stationary for a long time, the fuel gas leaked from the upstream side to the downstream side through the regulator accumulates between the regulator and the injector, and the pressure of the gas flow path between the regulator and the injector May be raised.
- this pressure increases, there is a problem that a large injector cannot be opened when the fuel cell system is started.
- the small injector is opened frequently, there is a problem that the durability of the small injector is reduced.
- a small injector has a small gas flow rate, so in order to reduce the pressure of the gas flow path between the regulator and the injector, it is necessary to open the small injector for a long time, and power consumption for driving the injector There was also a problem of growing. Furthermore, when the gas flow rate is small, there is a problem that the gas in the fuel cell stack to which the gas is supplied becomes dark and dark, thereby producing a gray cell and degrading the catalyst of the fuel cell stack.
- the present invention solves at least one of the above-described problems, and aims to save energy and improve durability of the fuel cell system.
- a gas supply device used in a fuel cell system wherein the first injector having a first valve opening maximum pressure is arranged in parallel with the first injector, and has a flow rate higher than that of the first injector.
- a control unit that controls opening and closing of the first and second injectors, wherein the control unit is (i) upstream of the first and second injectors when the fuel cell system is activated.
- the second injector is opened, and (ii) the first And the second injector Upstream pressure part, in the following cases: the first opening possible maximum pressure to open the first or the second injector, the gas supply apparatus.
- the second injector is opened to lower the upstream side pressure, and then the first injector
- the upstream pressure is lower than the maximum valve opening possible pressure of the first injector
- the first or second injector is opened. Therefore, it is possible to improve the durability of the second injector and the fuel cell system by reducing the number of operations of the second injector.
- the gas pressure supply device further includes a second pressure sensor in a downstream portion of the first and second injectors, and the control unit performs the operation when the operation of the fuel cell system is stopped.
- a gas supply device that opens the second injector once and then closes the valve when the rate of pressure decrease in the downstream portions of the first and second injectors is lower than a predetermined reference value.
- the leak amount of the gas can be reduced by detecting the leak of the injector and retrying the opening and closing of the injector.
- the gas supply device includes a plurality of the first injectors, and the control unit opens the first injector after opening the second injector.
- a gas supply device that, when opening an injector, first opens a first injector at a position having the shortest distance from the second injector among the plurality of first injectors.
- the upstream pressure at the position where the first injector is located at the position where the distance from the second injector is the shortest is lower than the upstream pressure at the position where the other first injector is disposed. . Therefore, the first injector can be opened early.
- the first pressure sensor may be configured such that a distance between the first pressure sensor and the first injector that opens first is equal to the first pressure sensor and the valve opening. Is arranged at a position that is shorter than the distance from the first injector, Gas supply device. According to this application example, it is possible to easily determine the valve opening timing of the first injector to be opened.
- the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the gas supply device, but can be applied to other forms of fuel cell systems, injector control methods in fuel cells, and the like. Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it is needless to say that the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a vehicle equipped with a fuel cell.
- a fuel cell vehicle 10 will be described as an example of the fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell vehicle 10 includes a fuel tank 100, a large injector 200 (first injector), a small injector 300 (second injector), a fuel cell stack 400, and a control unit 500.
- the fuel tank 100 and each of the large injector 200 and the small injector 300 are connected by an upstream gas supply pipe 110, and each of the large injector 200 and the small injector 300 and the fuel cell stack 400 are connected to the downstream gas. They are connected by a supply pipe 115. That is, the large injector 200 and the small injector 300 are arranged in parallel.
- a main stop valve 120, a regulator 130, and an upstream pressure gauge 150 are arranged in the upstream gas supply pipe 110.
- the main stop valve 120 controls whether fuel gas (hydrogen) from the fuel tank 100 is supplied.
- the regulator 130 adjusts the supply pressure (or supply amount) of the fuel gas.
- a branch pipe 140 branches from the upstream gas supply pipe 110, and a relief valve 145 is disposed in the branch pipe 140.
- the relief valve 145 opens when the pressure in the upstream gas supply pipe 110 reaches a predetermined upper limit pressure Plimit, and releases the fuel gas in the upstream gas supply pipe 110 to the atmosphere to supply the upstream gas. Reduce the pressure in the tube 110.
- the pressure in the upstream gas supply pipe 110 is the maximum valve opening possible pressure of the small injector 300 (the pressure at which the injector cannot be opened when it becomes larger than this). ),
- the relief valve 145 is opened by a signal from the control unit 500, and the fuel gas in the upstream gas supply pipe 110 is released to the atmosphere to lower the pressure in the upstream gas supply pipe 110.
- a downstream pressure gauge 160 (second pressure gauge) is disposed in the downstream gas supply pipe 115.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing a cross section of the large injector.
- 2A shows a state where the large injector 200 is closed
- FIG. 2B shows a state where the large injector 200 is opened.
- the large injector 200 includes an outer cylinder 210, a plunger 250, and a fixed iron core 280.
- the outer cylinder 210 has a hollow structure, and includes a plunger 250 and a fixed iron core 280 in the hollow.
- the fuel gas supplied from the upstream gas supply pipe 110 includes a first gas flow path 220, a second gas flow path 270, a third gas flow path 265, a fourth gas flow path 275, The gas passes through the fifth gas channel 225 and the sixth gas channel 230 in this order, and is sent to the downstream gas supply pipe 115.
- the outer cylinder 210 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and includes a fifth gas channel 225 and a sixth gas channel 230.
- the sixth gas flow path 230 is formed along the central axis 201 of the large injector 200 and connected to the downstream gas supply pipe 115.
- the fifth gas channel 225 is a gas channel that is formed along the central axis 201 of the large injector and has a larger inner diameter than the sixth gas channel 230.
- a valve seat 215 is formed at a step portion between the fifth gas channel 225 and the sixth gas channel 230.
- the upstream gas supply pipe 110 is connected to the upstream side of the fixed iron core 280.
- the fixed iron core 280 includes a first gas flow path 220 and a second gas flow path 270.
- the second gas flow path 220 is formed so as to penetrate the central axis 201 of the large injector 200.
- the first gas flow path 220 communicates the upstream gas supply pipe 110 and the second gas flow path 270.
- the plunger 250 is disposed on the downstream side of the fixed iron core 280.
- the plunger 250 includes a valve body 255 on the side opposite to the fixed iron core 280.
- the plunger 250 includes a third gas channel 265 and a fourth gas channel 275.
- the fixed core 280 side of the valve body 255 of the plunger 250 is hollow, and this hollow functions as the third gas flow path 265.
- the third gas channel 265 is connected to the second gas channel 270.
- the inner diameter of the third gas channel 265 is smaller than the inner diameter of the sixth gas channel 230 of the outer cylinder 210.
- the fourth gas flow path 275 passes through the side surface of the plunger 250 from the downstream portion of the third gas flow path 265 toward the outside of the plunger 250.
- the valve body 255 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and a rubber seal portion 260 is provided on the valve seat 215 side of the valve body 255. Between the valve body 255 and the outer cylinder 210, the above-described fifth gas flow path 225 is formed. The fifth gas flow path 225 communicates with the third gas flow path 265 by the fourth gas flow path 275.
- a spring 295 is disposed in the second gas flow path 270 of the fixed iron core 280 and the third gas flow path of the plunger 250.
- the spring 295 urges the plunger 250 to move away from the fixed iron core 280.
- the outer cylinder 210 includes a solenoid 290 around the fixed iron core 280 and the plunger 250.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an enlarged view of the valve body and the vicinity of the valve seat of the large injector.
- FIG. 3 shows a state where a current flows through the solenoid 290 (FIG. 2) and the valve body 255 and the valve seat 215 are separated.
- the valve body 255 includes a rubber seal portion 260 on the valve seat 215 side.
- the gas flows between the seal 260 and the valve seat 215.
- the flow rate of the flowing gas increases as the value obtained by subtracting the amount of compression (rubber crushing amount) of the seal portion 260 when the valve is closed from the amount of movement (stroke) of the valve body 255.
- the plunger 250 When no current flows through the solenoid 290, the plunger 250 is pushed downward by the spring 295, and the seal portion 260 is pushed against the valve seat 215. As a result, the large injector 200 stops the gas flow.
- the rubber crushing margin is large, leakage when the valve is closed is less likely to occur, but when the rubber crushing margin is small, the flow rate when the valve is opened can be increased.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing a cross section of a small injector.
- 4A shows a state in which the small injector 300 is closed
- FIG. 4B shows a state in which the small injector 300 is opened.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing, in an enlarged manner, the vicinity of the valve body and valve seat of the small injector.
- the configuration of the small injector 300 is almost the same as the configuration of the large injector 200, and those having the same function are given a number obtained by adding 100 to the code number of the large injector as the code number.
- the small injector 300 will be described with respect to differences from the large injector.
- the valve body 255 of the large injector 200 has a substantially cylindrical shape and includes a rubber seal portion 260 on the valve seat 215 side, whereas the valve body 355 of the small injector 300 has a spherical shape and is made of metal. It is. Since the metal valve element 355 does not undergo a large deformation unlike the rubber valve element, the stroke until the fuel gas flows can be reduced. Therefore, a large differential pressure that can be opened with a small injector can be obtained.
- the pressure receiving area of the valve body 255 (substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the sixth gas flow path 230 of the outer cylinder 210) is the pressure receiving area of the valve body 355 of the small injector 300 (the first pressure of the outer cylinder 310). 6 is substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the gas flow path 330. Therefore, in the valve closed state, the force applied to the valve body due to the pressure difference between the upstream side and the downstream side is larger in the large injector. In order to open the injector, it is necessary to overcome this pressure difference. Therefore, the large injector 200 has a lower maximum valveable pressure than the small injector 300. In this embodiment, the maximum valveable pressure refers to the maximum value (limit) of the upstream pressure at which the valve of the injector can be opened.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the valve opening characteristics of the injector.
- the vertical axis represents the upstream pressure P M of the injectors 200 and 300 (hereinafter simply referred to as “upstream pressure P M ”).
- the large injector 200 can be opened if it is below the maximum valve opening possible pressure Pmaxl
- the small injector 300 can be opened if it is below the maximum valve opening possible pressure Pmaxs.
- the maximum openable pressure Pmaxs of the small injector 300 is smaller than the relief valve pressure Plimit at which the relief valve 145 (FIG. 1) opens.
- the maximum valve opening possible pressure Pmaxs of the small injector 300 may be larger than the relief valve pressure Plimit.
- Upstream pressure P M that is used during normal operation of the fuel cell vehicle 10 is a range lower than the valve opening possible maximum pressure Pmaxl of large injector 200 (hatched portion).
- FIG. 7 is an operation flowchart at the start of the fuel cell vehicle (fuel cell system).
- the controller 500 determines whether or not the upstream pressure P M is greater than the maximum openable pressure Pmaxl of the large injector.
- the control unit 500 determines that the upstream pressure P M is the maximum valveable pressure Pmaxs of the small injector 300 in step S710. It is determined whether or not:
- the control unit 500 opens the small injector 300 in step S720. At this time, the large injector 200 is maintained in a closed state.
- step S730 the controller 500 determines whether or not the upstream pressure P M has dropped below the maximum valve opening possible pressure Pmaxs of the large injector 200.
- the control unit 500 opens the large injector 200 in step S740.
- step S750 control unit 500 closes small injector 300.
- step S760 the control unit 500 controls opening / closing of the large injector 200 and adjusts the amount of fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 400.
- the control unit 500 moves the process to step S770 and opens the large injector 200.
- the large injector 200 can be opened, it is not necessary to open the small injector 300. Therefore, the number of operations of the small injector 300 can be reduced.
- the valve body 355 is made of metal, the small injector 300 tends to deteriorate more easily than the large injector 200 due to wear. If the control shown in FIG. 7 is followed, since the frequency
- step S710 when the upstream pressure P M is larger than the maximum valve opening possible pressure Pmaxs of the small injector 300, the control unit 500 shifts the process to step S780 and opens the relief valve 145.
- the relief valve 145 To reduce the upstream pressure P M. This is because the small injector 300 cannot be opened unless the upstream pressure P M is reduced.
- a mechanical relief valve is employed as the relief valve 145, the relief valve cannot be opened by control from the control unit 500.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the pressure in the gas flow path and the opening / closing operation of the injector when the fuel cell system is started.
- the upstream pressure P M is larger than the maximum valve opening possible pressure Pmaxl of the large injector 200 when the fuel cell vehicle 10 (fuel cell system) is started.
- the control unit 500 (FIG. 1) opens the small injector 300 at time t1 (step S720 in FIG. 7).
- the fuel gas upstream of the injectors 200 and 300 passes through the small injector 300 and flows downstream.
- downstream pressure P L the pressure P L on the downstream side of the injectors 200 and 300 (hereinafter simply referred to as “downstream pressure P L ”) increases.
- downstream pressure P L the pressure P L on the downstream side of the injectors 200 and 300.
- the control unit 500 can open the large injector 200.
- the control unit 500 opens the large injector 200 at time t3 after time t2.
- the fuel gas passes through the large injector 200 in addition to passing through the small injector 300 and flows downstream.
- the amount of fuel gas passing through the large injector 200 is larger than the amount of fuel gas passing through the small injector. Accordingly, the upstream pressure P M is quick pressure than to the time t3 lowered, downstream pressure P L is quick pressure than to time t3 increases.
- step S750 of the flow in FIG. 7 after opening the large injector 200, the small injector is closed.
- the amount of the fuel gas passing through the large injector 200 is larger than the amount of the fuel gas passing through the small injector 300, even if the small injector 300 is closed, the fuel gas from the upstream side of the injectors 200, 300 The amount of fuel gas flowing downstream does not vary greatly. If the small injector 300 is closed, the energy required to open the small injector 300 becomes unnecessary, so that energy saving can be realized.
- the controller 500 opens the regulator 130 (FIG. 1). Thereby, since fuel gas is supplied to the upstream side of the injectors 200 and 300, the upstream pressure P M increases, and then the pressure becomes substantially constant.
- the control unit 500 closes the large injector 200.
- the fuel gas does not flow to the downstream side of the injectors 200 and 300, so the upstream pressure P M increases. Since the fuel gas is consumed by the fuel cell stack 400, the downstream pressure P L decreases.
- the control unit 500 controls opening / closing of the large injector 200 and adjusts the amount of fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 400.
- the control unit 500 when the control unit 500 opens only the small injector 300 without opening the large injector 200, the amount of fuel gas passing through the small injector 300 is small, so the downstream pressure P L is It ’s hard to go up. Therefore, in order to increase the downstream pressure P L , the controller 500 must maintain the valve opening time of the small injector 300 for a long time, which increases energy consumption. Therefore, when the upstream injector P M drops due to the opening of the small injector 300 and falls below the maximum valve opening possible pressure Pmaxl of the large injector 200, the control unit 500 opens the large injector 200 as quickly as possible. However, it is preferable to close the small injector 300.
- the control unit 500 opens only the small injector 300 without opening the large injector 200, the amount of fuel gas passing through the small injector 300 is small, so that the inside of the fuel cell stack 400 (FIG. 1) In some cases, the fuel gas distribution may be shaded (uneven). Then, due to the unevenness, a concentration cell is generated, and a catalyst (not shown) in the fuel cell stack 400 may be deteriorated.
- the control unit 500 when the upstream pressure P M drops and becomes equal to or lower than the maximum valve opening possible pressure Pmaxl of the large injector 200, the control unit 500 quickly opens the large injector 200, and the fuel Since the gas is supplied to the fuel cell stack 400, the distribution of the fuel gas in the fuel cell stack 400 is unlikely to generate light and dark, and the generation of the light and dark cells can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the catalyst and improve the durability of the fuel cell system.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the pressure in the gas flow path on the downstream side of the injector when the fuel cell system is stopped.
- the control unit 500 closes the injectors 200 and 300. Since the fuel gas downstream of the injectors 200 and 300 is consumed by the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack 400, the downstream pressure P L gradually decreases. However, if there is a leak in the injectors 200 and 300, the downstream pressure P L is difficult to decrease. Therefore, the controller 500 can determine whether or not a leak has occurred in the injectors 200 and 300 by monitoring the downstream pressure P L (the rate of decrease of the downstream pressure P L ).
- a metal injector is slightly inferior in terms of seal reproducibility compared to an injector having a rubber seal, and the amount of leakage is likely to change. This is considered to be due to the following reasons.
- the seal part is made of rubber, the rubber seal part and the valve seat are in close contact with each other, so it is difficult to leak, whereas in the case of a metal injector, the valve body and the valve seat are not in close contact.
- the amount of leak may change depending on how the body and the valve seat come into contact. That is, when the valve body is made of a metal injector, even if there is a leak of a certain amount or more in the closed state, the leak amount may decrease if the valve is opened once and then closed.
- the change amount ⁇ P L of the downstream pressure P L can be expressed by the following equation.
- ⁇ P L (Injector valve leakage amount ⁇ consumption amount in fuel cell stack) / (downstream volume)
- the control unit 500 can determine that there is a leak in the injector.
- the valve body made of metal is more likely to leak than the one having the rubber seal portion. Therefore, when the leak is detected, the control unit 500 mainly leaks the small injector 300. It is possible to judge that
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a change in the amount of leak when the small injector is opened and closed.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 10 indicates the number of times the small injector 300 is opened and closed (how many times), and the vertical axis indicates the amount of leakage after each opening and closing.
- the leak amount is less than or equal to the reference value (allowable value) from the first time to the fourth time, but at the fifth time, the leak amount increases and a leak larger than the reference value occurs.
- the reference value allowable value
- the leak amount may be reduced by retrying opening and closing.
- the control unit 500 can monitor the downstream pressure P L after the fuel cell system is stopped (the amount of decrease in the downstream pressure P L ), and can estimate the leak amount of the small injector 300. When the leak amount is large, the leak amount can be reduced by opening and closing the small injector 300.
- R is a gas constant
- T is a temperature.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing an injector arrangement position of the gas flow path, the relationship between the upstream pressure P M of the second injector during the injector valve opening.
- two large injectors 200A and 200B and one small injector 300 are provided.
- the large injector 200A, the small injector 300, and the large injector 200B are arranged in this order from the downstream side of the upstream gas supply pipe 110.
- the small injector 300, the large injector 200A, and the large injector 200B are arranged in this order from the downstream side of the upstream gas supply pipe 110.
- FIG. 11A shows the pressure distribution in the upstream gas supply pipe 110 at the timing after the small injector 300 is opened in FIGS. 11B and 11C.
- the small injector 300 is first opened. Therefore, the pressure in the portion of the upstream side gas supply pipe 110 to which the small injector 300 is connected decreases.
- the small injector 300 is arranged at a position (hereinafter referred to as “position y”) that is separated from the end 110a of the upstream side gas supply pipe 110 by a distance y. As shown by the solid line in (A), the pressure decreases most at the position y.
- position y a position that is separated from the end 110a of the upstream side gas supply pipe 110 by a distance y.
- the small injector 300 is disposed at a position (hereinafter referred to as “position x”) that is separated from the end 110a of the upstream gas supply pipe 110 by a distance x (x ⁇ y).
- position x a position that is separated from the end 110a of the upstream gas supply pipe 110 by a distance x (x ⁇ y).
- the large injector 200A is disposed at a distance x from the end 110a of the upstream gas supply pipe 110, and the large injector 200B is separated from the end 110a of the upstream gas supply pipe 110. They are arranged at positions separated by a distance z (x ⁇ y ⁇ z) (hereinafter referred to as “position z”).
- position z a distance z (x ⁇ y ⁇ z) (hereinafter referred to as “position z”).
- the pressure Px at the position x of the upstream gas supply pipe 110 is smaller than the pressure Pz at the position z of the upstream gas supply pipe 110.
- the fuel gas in the upstream gas supply pipe 110 is supplied to the position z of the upstream gas supply pipe 110 while the downstream side of the position x of the upstream gas supply pipe 110 is blocked. This is because it is difficult to supply fuel gas.
- the pressure Py at the position y of the upstream gas supply pipe 110 is smaller than the pressure Pz at the position z of the upstream gas supply pipe 110.
- the pressure Px at the position x in FIG. 11B is smaller than the pressure Py at the position y in FIG. This is due to the following reason.
- the fuel gas supplied from the upstream side is caused to flow to the downstream gas flow path by the small injector 300, the supply gas is supplied downstream from the position y of the upstream gas supply pipe 110. It is hard to be done. Therefore, the pressure Px is difficult to increase.
- the fuel gas supplied from the upstream side is once supplied to the upstream gas supply pipe 110 position y, and then the position of the upstream gas supply pipe 110 further downstream. x. That is, the pressure at the position y of the upstream gas supply pipe 110 is difficult to decrease.
- the large injector 200A on the downstream side of the small injector 300, the pressure of the portion to which the large injector 200A of the upstream gas supply pipe 110 is connected can be quickly reduced, so The injector 200A can be opened. Therefore, the small injector 300 can be closed early. Therefore, the energy consumed by the small injector 300 can be reduced and energy saving can be realized. In addition, it is difficult to generate a concentration cell.
- the pressure in the upstream gas supply pipe 110 increases as the distance from the small injector 300 increases. Therefore, when there are two large injectors 200, the large injector 200 closer to the small injector 300 may be opened before the large injector 200 farther from the small injector 300.
- the upstream pressure gauge 150 is disposed in the vicinity of the large injector 200A to be opened first. Thereby, the control part 500 can acquire the upstream pressure in the vicinity of the large injector 200A to be opened, and can easily obtain the timing for opening the large injector 200A.
- the small injector 300 has been described by taking the valve body 355 made of metal as an example, but a small injector having a rubber seal portion similar to the large injector 200 may be used.
- the rubber seal portion is provided, the rubber seal portion is brought into close contact with the valve seat 315, so that the leak of the small injector 300 can be easily suppressed.
- the valve body 355 is made of metal, there is no crushing allowance for rubber, so that the flow rate with respect to the stroke amount can be increased.
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Abstract
Description
燃料電池システムに用いられるガス供給装置であって、第1の開弁可能最大圧力を有する第1のインジェクタと、前記第1のインジェクタと並列に配置され、前記第1のインジェクタよりも、流量が少なく、前記第1の開弁可能最大圧力よりも大きな第2の開弁可能最大圧力を有する第2のインジェクタと、前記第1と第2のインジェクタの上流部に配置された第1の圧力センサと、前記第1と第2のインジェクタの開閉を制御する制御部と、を備え、前記制御部は、前記燃料電池システムの起動時において、(i)前記第1と第2のインジェクタの上流部の圧力が、前記第1の開弁可能最大圧力よりも大きく、かつ、前記第2の開弁可能最大圧力以下の場合には、前記第2のインジェクタを開弁し、(ii)前記第1と第2のインジェクタの上流部の圧力が、前記第1の開弁可能最大圧力以下の場合には、前記第1、または前記第2のインジェクタを開弁する、ガス供給装置。
この適用例によれば、上流側圧力が、第1のインジェクタの開弁可能最大圧力よりも大きい場合に第2のインジェクタを開弁して、上流側の圧力を下げ、その後に第1のインジェクタを開弁し、上流側圧力が、第1のインジェクタの開弁可能最大圧力よりも小さい場合には、第1または第2のインジェクタを開弁する。そのため、第2のインジェクタの動作回数を少なくして、第2のインジェクタや燃料電池システムの耐久性を向上させることが可能となる。
適用例1に記載のガス供給装置において、前記制御部は、前記第2のインジェクタの開弁後、前記第1と第2のインジェクタの上流部の圧力が前記第1の開弁可能最大圧力以下に下がった場合には、前記第1のインジェクタを開弁する、ガス供給装置。
この適用例によれば、第1のインジェクタを開弁してガスを供給するので、流量が多くセル内の水素分布が小さくなるため、濃淡電池の発生を起こりにくく出来る。
適用例2に記載ガス供給装置において、前記制御部は、前記第1のインジェクタを開弁した後に、前記第2のインジェクタを閉弁する、ガス供給装置。
この適用例によれば、第2のインジェクタの開弁にともなうエネルギーを削減することが可能となり、省エネルギーを実現できる。
適用例1から適用例3のいずれか1つの適用例に記載のガス供給装置において、前記第2のインジェクタは、弁座と、メタル製の弁体と、を有している、ガス供給装置。
この適用例によれば、第2のインジェクタは、メタル製の弁体を備えている。そのため、ガスが流れるまでのストロークを短くし、省エネルギーを実現することが可能となる。
適用例4に記載のガス供給装置において、さらに、前記第1と第2のインジェクタの下流部に第2の圧力センサを備え、前記制御部は、前記燃料電池システムの動作を停止した時における前記第1と第2のインジェクタの下流部の圧力の低下率が、予め定められた基準値よりも低い場合には、前記第2のインジェクタを一旦開弁し、その後閉弁する、ガス供給装置。
この適用例によれば、インジェクタのリークを検知し、インジェクタの開閉をリトライすることにより、ガスのリーク量を低減することが可能となる。
適用例1から適用例5のいずれか1つの適用例に記載のガス供給装置において、前記第1のインジェクタを複数備え、前記制御部は、前記第2のインジェクタを開弁した後に前記第1のインジェクタを開弁するときに、前記複数の第1のインジェクタのうち前記第2のインジェクタとの距離が最も短い位置にある第1のインジェクタを最初に開弁する、ガス供給装置。
この適用例によれば、第2のインジェクタとの距離が最も短い位置にある第1のインジェクタの配置位置における上流側圧力は、他の第1のインジェクタの配置位置における上流側圧力よりも早く下がる。したがって、早期に第1のインジェクタを開弁することが可能となる。
適用例6に記載のガス供給装置において、前記制御部は、前記第2のインジェクタとの距離が最も短い位置にある第1のインジェクタが複数ある場合には、前記上流部のうちの最も下流側に配置された第1のインジェクタを最初に開弁する、ガス供給装置。
この適用例によれば、下流側に配置された第1のインジェクタの配置位置における上流側圧力は、上流側に配置された第1のインジェクタの配置位置における上流側圧力よりも早く圧力が下がるので、早期に第1のインジェクタを開弁することが可能となる。
適用例7に記載のガス供給装置において、前記第1の圧力センサは、前記第1の圧力センサと前記最初に開弁する第1のインジェクタとの距離が、前記第1の圧力センサと開弁しない第1のインジェクタとの距離よりも短くなる位置に配置されている、
ガス供給装置。
この適用例によれば、開弁する第1のインジェクタの開弁のタイミングを容易に判断することが可能となる。
図9は、燃料電池システムの停止時におけるインジェクタの下流側のガス流路の圧力を示す説明図である。燃料電池システムを停止すると、制御部500は、インジェクタ200、300を閉弁する。インジェクタ200、300の下流部の燃料ガスは、燃料電池スタック400内の電気化学反応により消費されるため、下流側圧力PLは段々と低下していく。しかし、インジェクタ200、300にリークがあると、下流側圧力PLは、低下し難い。したがって、制御部500は、下流側圧力PL(下流側圧力PLの低下率)を監視することにより、インジェクタ200、300にリークが生じているか否かを判断することが可能である。
ΔPL=(インジェクタの弁漏れ量-燃料電池スタックでの消費量)/(下流部の容積)
圧力変化率ΔPL/Δt(単位時間当たりの変化量)が大きい場合には、制御部500は、インジェクタにリークがあると判断することが出来る。上述したように、弁体がメタル製のものは、ゴム製のシール部を有するものよりリークする場合が生じやすいため、リークが検出された場合、制御部500は、主に小インジェクタ300がリークしていると判断することが可能である。
LM=(ΔPM×VM)/(R・T)+LK
ここで、Rは気体常数、Tは温度である。
図11は、ガス流路上のインジェクタ配置位置と、第2のインジェクタ開弁時のインジェクタの上流側圧力PMの関係を示す説明図である。この変形例では、2つの大インジェクタ200A、200Bと、1つの小インジェクタ300を備える。図11(B)に示す例では、上流側ガス供給管110の下流側から、大インジェクタ200A、小インジェクタ300、大インジェクタ200Bの順番に並んでいる。図11(C)に示す例では、上流側ガス供給管110の下流側から、小インジェクタ300、大インジェクタ200A、大インジェクタ200Bの順番に並んでいる。図11(A)は、図11(B)、(C)において、小インジェクタ300が開弁した後のタイミングにおける上流側ガス供給管110の圧力分布を示している。
100…燃料タンク
110…上流側ガス供給管
110a…末端
115…下流側ガス供給管
120…主止弁
130…レギュレータ
140…分岐管
145…リリーフ弁
150…上流側圧力計
160…下流側圧力計
200、200A、200B…大インジェクタ
201…中心軸
210…外筒
215…弁座
220…第1のガス流路
225…第5のガス流路
230…第6のガス流路
250…プランジャ
255…弁体
260…シール部
265…第3のガス流路
270…第2のガス流路
275…第4のガス流路
280…固定鉄心
290…ソレノイド
295…バネ
300…小インジェクタ
310…外筒
330…第6のガス流路
355…弁体
365…第3のガス流路
390…ソレノイド
400…燃料電池スタック
500…制御部
Claims (8)
- 燃料電池システムに用いられるガス供給装置であって、
第1の開弁可能最大圧力を有する第1のインジェクタと、
前記第1のインジェクタと並列に配置され、前記第1のインジェクタよりも、流量が少なく、前記第1の開弁可能最大圧力よりも大きな第2の開弁可能最大圧力を有する第2のインジェクタと、
前記第1と第2のインジェクタの上流部に配置された第1の圧力センサと、
前記第1と第2のインジェクタの開閉を制御する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、前記燃料電池システムの起動時において、
(i)前記第1と第2のインジェクタの上流部の圧力が、前記第1の開弁可能最大圧力よりも大きく、かつ、前記第2の開弁可能最大圧力以下の場合には、前記第2のインジェクタを開弁し、
(ii)前記第1と第2のインジェクタの上流部の圧力が、前記第1の開弁可能最大圧力以下の場合には、前記第1、または前記第2のインジェクタを開弁する、
ガス供給装置。 - 請求項1に記載のガス供給装置において、
前記制御部は、前記第2のインジェクタの開弁後、前記第1と第2のインジェクタの上流部の圧力が前記第1の開弁可能最大圧力以下に下がった場合には、前記第1のインジェクタを開弁する、ガス供給装置。 - 請求項2に記載ガス供給装置において、
前記制御部は、前記第1のインジェクタを開弁した後に、前記第2のインジェクタを閉弁する、ガス供給装置。 - 請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載のガス供給装置において、
前記第2のインジェクタは、
弁座と、
メタル製の弁体と、
を有している、ガス供給装置。 - 請求項4に記載のガス供給装置において、さらに、
前記第1と第2のインジェクタの下流部に第2の圧力センサを備え、
前記制御部は、前記燃料電池システムの動作を停止した時における前記第1と第2のインジェクタの下流部の圧力の低下率が、予め定められた基準値よりも低い場合には、前記第2のインジェクタを一旦開弁し、その後閉弁する、ガス供給装置。 - 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のガス供給装置において、
前記第1のインジェクタを複数備え、
前記制御部は、前記第2のインジェクタを開弁した後に前記第1のインジェクタを開弁するときに、前記複数の第1のインジェクタのうち前記第2のインジェクタとの距離が最も短い位置にある第1のインジェクタを最初に開弁する、
ガス供給装置。 - 請求項6に記載のガス供給装置において、
前記制御部は、前記第2のインジェクタとの距離が最も短い位置にある第1のインジェクタが複数ある場合には、前記上流部のうちの最も下流側に配置された第1のインジェクタを最初に開弁する、
ガス供給装置。 - 請求項7に記載のガス供給装置において、
前記第1の圧力センサは、前記第1の圧力センサと前記最初に開弁する第1のインジェクタとの距離が、前記第1の圧力センサと開弁しない第1のインジェクタとの距離よりも短くなる位置に配置されている、
ガス供給装置。
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JP2013131301A (ja) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-07-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
JP2013243007A (ja) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-12-05 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
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US8524407B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
CN102714327A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
CN102714327B (zh) | 2014-06-04 |
DE112010005129T5 (de) | 2012-10-25 |
US20130040218A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
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