WO2011081146A1 - 応力を低減したsos基板 - Google Patents
応力を低減したsos基板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011081146A1 WO2011081146A1 PCT/JP2010/073590 JP2010073590W WO2011081146A1 WO 2011081146 A1 WO2011081146 A1 WO 2011081146A1 JP 2010073590 W JP2010073590 W JP 2010073590W WO 2011081146 A1 WO2011081146 A1 WO 2011081146A1
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- sos
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
- H01L27/1203—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body the substrate comprising an insulating body on a semiconductor body, e.g. SOI
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
- H01L21/82—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
- H01L21/84—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. being an insulating body
- H01L21/86—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. being an insulating body the insulating body being sapphire, e.g. silicon on sapphire structure, i.e. SOS
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/76—Making of isolation regions between components
- H01L21/762—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers
- H01L21/7624—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology
- H01L21/76251—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology using bonding techniques
- H01L21/76254—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology using bonding techniques with separation/delamination along an ion implanted layer, e.g. Smart-cut, Unibond
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78603—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film characterised by the insulating substrate or support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78651—Silicon transistors
- H01L29/78654—Monocrystalline silicon transistors
- H01L29/78657—SOS transistors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an SOS substrate with reduced stress.
- SOS silicon on sapphire
- SOI Silicon on Insulator
- the present invention has an object to obtain an SOS substrate in which excessive stress applied to a silicon thin film is reduced.
- the present invention is a silicon on sapphire (SOS) substrate in which a single crystal silicon thin film is laminated on a sapphire substrate, and the stress of the silicon film of the SOS substrate measured by the Raman shift method is 2 over the entire surface. It is an SOS substrate that is 5 ⁇ 10 8 Pa or less.
- a step of implanting ions into a silicon substrate or a silicon substrate with an oxide film to form an ion implantation layer, one surface of the sapphire substrate, and the silicon substrate or oxide film with the ions implanted therein A step of subjecting at least one of the surfaces of the silicon substrate to surface activation treatment, and bonding the silicon substrate or the silicon substrate with an oxide film and the sapphire substrate at 50 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower and then 150 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C.
- the following heat treatment is applied to obtain a bonded body, the step of embrittlement of the interface of the ion implantation layer, and mechanical impact is applied to the interface of the ion implantation layer, and the bonded substrates are peeled off along the interface.
- the steps of transferring the silicon thin film to the sapphire substrate and forming the SOS layer in this order Is an SOS substrate obtained Ri.
- it is possible to heat the substrate to near the bonding temperature ( bonding temperature ⁇ 50 ° C.) in order to reduce the warpage.
- the bonding temperature is 50 ° C. or more and 350 ° C. or less
- FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a method for producing an SOS substrate according to the present invention.
- the Raman spectrum measured in the interlayer interface of the SOS substrate concerning the present invention is shown.
- the SOS substrate according to the present invention is a silicon on sapphire (SOS) substrate in which a single crystal silicon thin film is laminated on a sapphire substrate, and the stress of the silicon film of the SOS substrate measured by the Raman shift method is in the entire surface. Is 2.5 ⁇ 10 8 Pa or less.
- the stress of the silicon film of the SOS substrate is determined by the difference from the single crystal silicon wafer that serves as a reference.
- the SOS substrate according to the present invention preferably has a silicon oxide film sandwiched between the single crystal silicon thin film and the sapphire substrate. This is because an effect of suppressing channeling of implanted ions can be obtained.
- Such an SOS substrate can be obtained, for example, by forming an insulating film such as a silicon oxide film on the surface of the silicon substrate prior to the ion implantation step in the bonding method described later.
- the thickness of the silicon oxide film can be about several nm to 500 nm.
- the thickness of the single crystal silicon thin film can be 30 nm or more.
- a thick silicon thin film has the advantage that it is easy to handle because the electrical characteristics are relatively insensitive to thickness variations.
- As an upper limit of thickness it can be 500 nm, for example.
- the film thickness of the single crystal silicon thin film is a value measured by an optical interference film thickness meter and averaged within a diameter of about 1 mm which is the spot diameter of the measurement beam light.
- the thickness variation of the single crystal silicon thin film can be 20 nm or less.
- the silicon thin film is thick, there is an advantage that the electrical characteristics are relatively insensitive to the thickness variation, so that it is easy to handle, but the SOS substrate according to the present invention further improves the electrical characteristics due to the small thickness variation. Can do.
- the method for manufacturing an SOS substrate according to the present invention which will be described later, since peeling / transfer is defined by the ion implantation interface, it becomes easy to make the film thickness variation after transfer within the above range.
- the thickness variation is a value defined by the square root of the square sum of the film thickness displacement from the average value by providing 361 measurement points radially.
- the difference in stress of the single crystal silicon thin film in the wafer surface can be set to 0.5 ⁇ 10 8 Pa or less. Since the locality of stress in the wafer surface is reduced, there is an advantage that variation in device characteristics is reduced.
- the difference in stress means the difference in stress generated according to the position in the wafer surface. Specifically, if the stress is considered to be equal to the wafer on a concentric circle, the difference in stress between the portion near the substrate end face (peripheral portion) and the vicinity of the center of the substrate can be obtained.
- the stress difference is not the absolute value difference but the absolute value of the difference. That is, when compressive stress works at the peripheral part and tensile stress works at the central part, the absolute value of the sum of these becomes the difference in stress.
- the SOS substrate according to the present invention has an absolute difference in Raman shift amount of 1.50 relative to a normal single crystal silicon wafer, that is, a Raman shift amount of 520.50 cm ⁇ 1 observed with a single crystal silicon wafer alone. It can be 0 cm ⁇ 1 or less. A more preferred upper limit is 0.9 cm ⁇ 1 and a still more preferred upper limit is 0.8 cm ⁇ 1 . Since it is an absolute value, it can include both a low wave number side shift and a high wave number side shift.
- the amount of Raman shift was determined by irradiating argon ion laser (wavelength 514.5 nm) light perpendicularly to a 1 ⁇ m diameter region from the sapphire substrate side of the SOS substrate using a microscope lens system, and Raman scattering 180 ° backward from the sample. It is a peak value obtained by detecting and measuring the measured light through a spectroscope.
- the Raman shift amount is a value obtained by measuring one target location in the wafer plane. The Raman peak shifts to the low wave number side when tensile stress acts, and shifts to the high wave number side when compressive stress acts.
- the shift amount of the Raman peak is substantially proportional to the strain in normal stress deformation, and since the strain and the stress have a linear relationship, the shift amount of the Raman peak is substantially proportional to the stress.
- the relationship between the shift amount of the Raman peak and the stress is 2.49x10 8 (Pa) x ⁇ n (Change in shift amount: cm -1 ) It can be expressed as
- the SOS substrate is preferably manufactured by a bonding method.
- the bonding method there is an advantage that the local stress acting in the vicinity of the sapphire / silicon interface can be reduced as compared with the epi growth method.
- the bonding method for example, the bonded body is heat-treated at about 500 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere, and thermal peeling is performed by the effect of crystal rearrangement and the aggregation effect of injected hydrogen bubbles; A method of peeling at the hydrogen ion implantation interface or the like by applying a temperature difference between them may be employed, but it is preferable to employ the method for manufacturing the SOS substrate according to the present invention.
- the manufacturing method of the SOS substrate concerning this invention is demonstrated in detail based on FIG.
- an ion implantation layer 2 is formed by implanting ions into a silicon substrate or a silicon substrate 1 with an oxide film (hereinafter simply referred to as a silicon wafer unless otherwise distinguished).
- the ion implantation layer 2 is formed in a silicon wafer.
- a predetermined dose of hydrogen ions (H + ) or hydrogen molecular ions (H 2 + ) is implanted with an implantation energy that can form an ion implantation layer at a desired depth from the surface.
- the implantation energy can be set to 30 to 100 keV.
- Dose of hydrogen ions (H +) to be implanted into the silicon wafer is preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 16-- atom / cm 2 ⁇ 2.0 ⁇ 10 17 atom / cm 2. If it is less than 5.0 ⁇ 10 16-- atom / cm 2 , may embrittlement of the interface does not occur, when it exceeds 2.0 ⁇ 10 17 atom / cm 2 , bubbles during heat treatment after bonding And transfer failure may occur. A more preferable dose amount is 7.0 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 . When hydrogen molecular ions (H 2 + ) are used as implanted ions, the dose is preferably 2.5 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2 .
- the interface may not be embrittled. If it exceeds 1.0 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 2 , bubbles are transferred during heat treatment after bonding. It may become defective. A more preferable dose amount is 2.5 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 .
- the surface of the silicon substrate 1 and / or the surface of the sapphire substrate 3 is activated.
- the surface activation treatment include plasma treatment, ozone water treatment, UV ozone treatment, and ion beam treatment.
- a silicon wafer and / or sapphire substrate that has been cleaned by RCA cleaning or the like is placed in a vacuum chamber, a plasma gas is introduced under reduced pressure, and then a high-frequency plasma of about 100 W is applied to 5 to 10 plasma. The surface is exposed to plasma for about 2 seconds.
- plasma gas when processing a silicon substrate, when oxidizing the surface, plasma of oxygen gas, when not oxidizing, hydrogen gas, argon gas, or a mixed gas thereof or a mixed gas of hydrogen gas and helium gas Can be used.
- any gas may be used.
- organic substances on the surface of the silicon substrate and / or sapphire substrate are oxidized and removed, and OH groups on the surface are increased and activated.
- the treatment is more preferably performed on both the ion-implanted surface of the silicon substrate and the bonding surface of the sapphire substrate, but only one of them may be performed.
- ozone When processing with ozone, it is a method characterized by introducing ozone gas into pure water and activating the wafer surface with active ozone.
- the surface When performing UV ozone treatment, the surface is activated by applying short-wave UV light (at a wavelength of about 195 nm) to the atmosphere or oxygen gas to generate active ozone.
- short-wave UV light at a wavelength of about 195 nm
- oxygen gas oxygen gas
- surface activation is performed by exposing an ion beam of Ar or the like to the wafer surface in a high vacuum ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Torr) to expose a highly active dangling bond.
- the surface of the silicon substrate that is subjected to the surface activation treatment is preferably a surface that has been subjected to ion implantation.
- the thickness of the silicon substrate is not particularly limited, but those near the normal SEMI / JEIDA standard are easy to handle because of handling.
- the thickness of the sapphire substrate is not particularly limited, but a substrate in the vicinity of a normal SEMI / JEIDA standard is easy to handle because of handling.
- the surface of the silicon substrate 1 and the surface of the sapphire substrate 3 treated with plasma and / or ozone are bonded together at a temperature of 50 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower. If it exceeds 350 ° C., the stress of silicon may be unfavorable because (bonding temperature ⁇ room temperature) becomes a large factor.
- a heat treatment step for obtaining a joined body as described later may be performed and then cooled to room temperature, or after the pasting, after cooling to room temperature, a heat treatment step for obtaining a joined body again. May be performed.
- the cooling step is a step in which stress is generated, and in particular, the cooling rate can be 5 ° C./min to 50 ° C./min.
- the bonded substrate 6 is subjected to heat treatment at 150 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower to obtain the bonded body 6.
- the reason for performing the heat treatment is to prevent the introduction of crystal defects due to a shift in the bonding interface 9 due to a rapid temperature rise when the bonding interface 9 becomes high temperature by irradiation with visible light in a subsequent process.
- the reason why the temperature is 150 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower is that the bonding strength does not increase when the temperature is lower than 150 ° C., and the bonded substrate may be damaged when the temperature exceeds 350 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 12 hours to 72 hours depending on the temperature to some extent.
- a mechanical impact may be applied in the vicinity of the bonding interface 9 at the end portion of the bonded body 6.
- a step of embrittlement of the interface of the ion implantation layer is performed.
- a method of embrittlement for example, a method of irradiating visible light from the sapphire substrate 3 side or the silicon substrate 1 side of the joined body 6 toward the ion implantation layer 2 of the silicon layer 5 and performing annealing is adopted. Can do.
- visible light refers to light having a maximum wavelength in the range of 400 to 700 nm. Visible light may be either coherent light or incoherent light.
- the bonded body 6 is bonded at a temperature of ⁇ 50 ° C., and the bonded body is The temperature is preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower. This is because the warpage of the bonded body 6 can be returned by making the substrate temperature close to the bonding temperature during peeling, and the operation can be facilitated.
- the temperature of the bonded body 6 at the time of irradiation with visible light is preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower while being bonded, as described above.
- the reason why it is desirable to perform the light irradiation near the bonding temperature is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, but can be explained as follows. That is, when a substrate bonded at a high temperature is heated and returned to room temperature after sufficient bonding strength is obtained, the substrate warps due to the difference in expansion coefficient between the two substrates. When this substrate is irradiated with light, the stress is suddenly released during thin film transfer, so that the substrate returns to a flat state, and defects are introduced into the transferred semiconductor thin film.
- the substrate damage can be avoided by performing light irradiation at a high temperature by placing the substrate on a hot plate.
- the laser light passes through the sapphire substrate 3 and is hardly absorbed, it reaches the silicon substrate 1 without heating the sapphire substrate 3.
- the laser beam that has reached is selectively heated only in the vicinity of the silicon bonding interface 9 (including the bonding interface), in particular, the portion that has been made amorphous by hydrogen ion implantation, and promotes embrittlement at the ion implantation site. Further, when a very small part of the silicon substrate 1 (only silicon in the vicinity of the bonding interface 9) is instantaneously heated, the substrate is not cracked or warped after cooling.
- the wavelength of the laser used here is a wavelength that is relatively easily absorbed by silicon (700 nm or less), and amorphous silicon so that the portion that has been made amorphous by hydrogen ion implantation can be selectively heated. It is desirable that the wavelength be absorbed by the single crystal silicon portion and hardly be absorbed by the single crystal silicon portion.
- RTA Rapid Thermal Anneal
- spike annealing may be performed instead of the laser annealing as described above.
- RTA is an apparatus that uses a halogen lamp as a light source and can heat a target wafer by reaching a target temperature at a very high speed of 30 ° C./second to 200 ° C./second.
- the wavelength emitted by the halogen lamp at this time follows black body radiation and has a high emission intensity in the visible light region.
- Spike annealing is not particularly drawn, and RTA has a particularly high rate of temperature rise (for example, 100 ° C./second or more).
- the wavelength of the flash lamp used here it is inevitable that there is a certain wavelength range as long as it is a lamp, but the peak intensity is in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm (a wavelength range that is efficiently absorbed by silicon). It is desirable to have it. This is because even if it is less than 400 nm, even single crystal silicon has a high absorption coefficient, and if it exceeds 700 nm, the absorption coefficient is low even for amorphous silicon.
- a suitable wavelength region is about 400 nm to 700 nm.
- heating by a xenon lamp is generally used.
- the peak intensity (at 700 nm or less) of the xenon lamp is around 500 nm, which meets the object of the present invention.
- a filter having a high absorption coefficient in single crystal silicon and blocking visible light of 450 nm or less is also effective for process stabilization.
- the peeling device can apply a mechanical impact from the side surface of the hydrogen ion implanted layer of the joined body 6 that has been heat-treated at a temperature of 150 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower.
- the portion that contacts the side surface of the hydrogen ion implanted layer is sharp It is movable along the ion-implanted layer, and preferably uses a scissor-shaped sharp tool or a device having a scissor-shaped sharp blade, and the material thereof is plastic (for example, polyetheretherketone) or zirconia. Silicon, diamond, etc. can be used, and metal etc. can also be used because it does not stick to contamination. If you are particular about contamination, plastic may be used. A blade such as scissors may be used as a wedge-shaped sharp tool.
- the etching solution used for the chemical etching is preferably one or a combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of ammonia peroxide, ammonia, KOH, NaOH, CsOH, TMAH, EDP, and hydrazine.
- an organic solvent has a slower etching rate than an alkaline solution, and is therefore suitable when precise etching amount control is required.
- CMP polishing is performed in order to make the surface a mirror surface, polishing of 30 nm or more is generally performed. After the CMP polishing and mirror finish polishing, cleaning by a wet process such as RCA cleaning or spin cleaning; and / or cleaning by a dry process such as UV / ozone cleaning or HF vapor cleaning may be performed.
- a wet process such as RCA cleaning or spin cleaning
- a dry process such as UV / ozone cleaning or HF vapor cleaning
- Example 1 A silicon substrate (thickness: 625 ⁇ m) having a diameter of 150 mm on which an oxide film has been grown in advance is implanted with hydrogen ions (H + ) at 55 KeV and a dose of 7.0 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 , and an ion beam is applied to both surfaces of the sapphire substrate. The activation process was performed and it bonded together at 200 degreeC. The substrate was heat-treated at 225 ° C. for 24 hours for temporary bonding, and then cooled to room temperature. Next, the bonded substrate was placed on a 200 ° C. hot plate, and the silicon thin film was transferred to sapphire by applying mechanical impact to the bonded interface and peeling off.
- H + hydrogen ions
- the transfer of the silicon thin film to the entire surface of the substrate was confirmed.
- the silicon layer of this substrate was polished by CMP to a thickness of 200 nm.
- the measurement result of the Raman shift of the silicon thin film is shown in FIG.
- the Raman shift in the center was 520.94 cm ⁇ 1 and the periphery was 520.90 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the Raman shift of the single crystal silicon wafer measured at the same time is 520.50 cm ⁇ 1 , the stress is 1.10 ⁇ 10 8 Pa at the center (single point measurement), and 1.00 ⁇ 10 8 at the periphery (1 cm from the wafer edge). The value was as low as 8 Pa.
- Example 2 A silicon substrate (thickness: 625 ⁇ m) having a 200 mm oxide film grown in advance is implanted with hydrogen ions (H + ) at 55 KeV and a dose of 7.0 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 , and plasma activation is performed on both surfaces of the sapphire substrate.
- the film was processed at 350 ° C.
- the substrate was heat-treated at 225 ° C. for 24 hours for temporary bonding, and then cooled to room temperature.
- the silicon thin film was transferred to sapphire by heating the substrate to 300 ° C. on a hot plate, applying mechanical impact to the bonding interface, and peeling off. The transfer of the silicon thin film to the entire surface of the substrate was confirmed.
- the silicon layer of this substrate was polished by CMP to a thickness of 200 nm.
- Raman shift of the center became 521.28cm -1, near 521.10cm -1.
- Raman shift of bulk silicon was measured at the same time is 520.50Cm -1, stress is 1.94x10 8 Pa at a point centered measured at ambient (wafer 1cm points one point measurements from end) 1.49x10 8 Pa It became.
- the in-plane stress deviation was within 0.5 ⁇ 10 8 Pa.
- Example 3 A silicon substrate (thickness: 625 ⁇ m) having a 200 mm oxide film grown in advance is implanted with hydrogen ions (H + ) at 55 KeV and a dose of 7.0 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 , and plasma activation is performed on both surfaces of the sapphire substrate.
- the film was processed at 200 ° C.
- the substrate was heat-treated at 225 ° C. for 24 hours for temporary bonding, and then cooled to room temperature. Next, the substrate was heated to 250 ° C. on a hot plate and irradiated with a YAG laser having a wavelength of 523 nm.
- the silicon thin film was transferred to sapphire by applying mechanical impact to the bonding interface and peeling off.
- the transfer of the silicon thin film to the entire surface of the substrate was confirmed.
- the silicon layer of this substrate was polished by CMP to a thickness of 200 nm.
- the Raman shift at the center was 521.25 cm ⁇ 1 and the peripheral 521.07 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the Raman shift of bulk silicon measured at the same time is 520.47 cm ⁇ 1 , the stress is 1.87 ⁇ 10 8 Pa at the center (single point measurement at the center), and 1. 1 at the periphery (single point measurement at 1 cm from the wafer edge).
- the pressure was 42 ⁇ 10 8 Pa.
- the in-plane stress deviation was within 0.5 ⁇ 10 8 Pa.
- Example 4 A silicon substrate (thickness: 625 ⁇ m) having a 200 mm oxide film grown in advance is implanted with hydrogen ions (H + ) at 55 KeV and a dose of 7.0 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 2 , and plasma activation is performed on both surfaces of the sapphire substrate.
- the film was processed at 200 ° C.
- the substrate was heat-treated at 225 ° C. for 24 hours for temporary bonding, and then cooled to room temperature. Next, the substrate was heated to 250 ° C. on a hot plate and irradiated with Xe flash lamp light.
- the silicon thin film was transferred to sapphire by applying mechanical impact to the bonding interface and peeling off. The transfer of the silicon thin film to the entire surface of the substrate was confirmed.
- the silicon layer of this substrate was polished by CMP to a thickness of 200 nm.
- Raman shift of the center became 521.18cm -1, near 521.00cm -1.
- the Raman shift of bulk silicon measured at the same time is 520.50 cm ⁇ 1 , the stress is 1.69 ⁇ 10 8 Pa at the center (one point measurement at the center), and the periphery (one point measurement at 1 cm from the wafer edge) 1.25 ⁇ 10 6 8 Pa.
- the in-plane stress deviation was within 0.45 ⁇ 10 8 Pa.
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Abstract
Description
またこのように成長されたシリコンの応力は、6.2x108Paの圧縮応力に達するとの報告もある(例えば、非特許文献4を参照)。
すなわち、本発明は、サファイア基板上に単結晶シリコン薄膜が積層されたSilicon On Sapphire(SOS)基板であって、ラマンシフト法により測定した、前記SOS基板のシリコン膜の応力が面内全域で2.5x108Pa以下であるSOS基板である。
本発明の好ましい態様としては、シリコン基板もしくは酸化膜付きシリコン基板にイオンを注入してイオン注入層を形成する工程、サファイア基板の1つの表面、および、前記イオンを注入したシリコン基板もしくは酸化膜付きシリコン基板の前記表面の少なくとも一方の面に表面活性化処理を施す工程、前記シリコン基板もしくは酸化膜付きシリコン基板と前記サファイア基板とを50℃以上350℃以下で貼り合わせた後に150℃以上350℃以下の熱処理を加え、接合体を得る工程、前記イオン注入層の界面を脆化する工程、ならびに、前記イオン注入層の界面に機械的衝撃を加え、該界面に沿って貼り合わせた基板を剥離することにより、シリコン薄膜を前記サファイア基板に転写しSOS層を形成する工程をこの順に行うことにより得られたSOS基板である。脆化および剥離の際には、反りを緩和するために貼り合せ温度近傍(=貼り合せ温度±50℃)まで、基板を加熱することも可能である。
上記シリコン酸化膜の厚みは、数nm~500nm程度とすることができる。
応力の差とは上記ウェーハ面内において位置に応じて生じる応力の差を意味する。具体的には、ウェーハが同心円上に応力が等しいととらえれば、基板端面に近い部分(周辺部)と基板の中心付近との応力の差とすることができる。
なお、応力の差は、絶対値の差ではなく差の絶対値である。すなわち、周辺部で圧縮応力が働き、中心部で引っ張り応力が働く場合、これらを足し合わせた値の絶対値が、応力の差となる。
絶対値であることから、低波数側シフト、高波数側シフトのいずれも含みうるものである。
上記ラマンシフト量は、アルゴンイオンレーザー(波長514.5nm)の光を顕微鏡のレンズ系を用いてSOS基板のサファイア基板側から直径1μmの領域に垂直に照射し、試料から180°後方にラマン散乱された光を分光器を介して検出測定することにより得られたピーク値である。
上記ラマンシフト量は、ウェーハ面内において目的箇所を1点測定することによって得られた値である。
引張応力が作用するとラマンピークは低波数側にシフトし、圧縮応力が作用すると高波数側にシフトする。
ラマンピークのシフト量は、通常の応力変形において歪みにほぼ比例し、歪みと応力は線形の関係にあることから、ラマンピークのシフト量はほぼ応力に比例している。
ラマンピークのシフト量と応力との関係は、下記式
2.49x108(Pa) x Δn(シフト量の変化:cm-1)
で表すことが出来る。
以下、本発明にかかるSOS基板の製造方法について図1に基づいて詳細に説明する。
まず、半導体基板として、例えば、シリコン基板もしくは酸化膜付きシリコン基板1(以下、区別しない限り単にシリコンウェーハと称する)にイオンを注入してイオン注入層2を形成する。
イオン注入層2は、シリコンウェーハ中に形成する。この際、その表面から所望の深さにイオン注入層を形成できるような注入エネルギーで、所定の線量の水素イオン(H+)または水素分子イオン(H2 +)を注入する。このときの条件として、例えば、注入エネルギーは30~100keVとできる。
注入イオンとして水素分子イオン(H2 +)を用いる場合、そのドーズ量は2.5×1015atoms/cm2~1.0×1017atoms/cm2であることが好ましい。2.5×1015atoms/cm2未満であると、界面の脆化が起こらない場合があり、1.0×1017atoms/cm2を超えると、貼り合わせ後の熱処理中に気泡となり転写不良となる場合がある。より好ましいドーズ量は、2.5×1016atom/cm2である。
プラズマで処理をする場合、真空チャンバ中にRCA洗浄等の洗浄をしたシリコンウェーハ及び/又はサファイア基板を載置し、プラズマ用ガスを減圧下で導入した後、100W程度の高周波プラズマに5~10秒程度さらし、表面をプラズマ処理する。プラズマ用ガスとしては、シリコン基板を処理する場合、表面を酸化する場合には酸素ガスのプラズマ、酸化しない場合には水素ガス、アルゴンガス、又はこれらの混合ガスあるいは水素ガスとヘリウムガスの混合ガスを用いることができる。サファイア基板を処理する場合はいずれのガスでもよい。
プラズマで処理することにより、シリコン基板および/又はサファイア基板の表面の有機物が酸化して除去され、さらに表面のOH基が増加し、活性化する。処理はシリコン基板のイオン注入した表面、および、サファイア基板の貼り合わせ面の両方について行うのがより好ましいが、いずれか一方だけ行ってもよい。
オゾンで処理をする場合は、純水中にオゾンガスを導入し、活性なオゾンでウェーハ表面を活性化することを特徴とする方法である。
UVオゾン処理をする場合、大気もしくは酸素ガスに短波長のUV光(波長195nm程度)を当て、活性なオゾンを発生させることで表面を活性化することを特徴とする。
イオンビーム処理をする場合、高真空中(<1x10-6Torr)でArなどのイオンビームをウェーハ表面に当てることで、活性度の高いダングリングボンドを露出させることで行う表面活性化である。
本発明においては、シリコン基板の厚さは、特に限定されないが、通常のSEMI/JEIDA規格近傍のものがハンドリングの関係から扱いやすい。
本発明においては、サファイア基板の厚さは、特に限定されないが、通常のSEMI/JEIDA規格近傍のものがハンドリングの関係から扱いやすい。
貼り合わせ後引き続いて後述するような接合体を得るための熱処理工程を行った後室温まで冷却してもよいし、貼り合わせ後、一旦室温まで冷却した後、再度接合体を得るための熱処理工程を行ってもよい。
上記冷却工程は、応力が発生する工程であり、特に冷却速度は、5℃/分~50℃/分とすることができる。
熱処理時間としては、温度にもある程度依存するが12時間~72時間が好ましい。
本明細書において、「可視光」とは、400~700nmの範囲に極大波長を有する光をいう。可視光は、コヒーレント光またはインコヒーレント光のいずれであってもよい。
上記イオン注入層の界面を脆化する工程、ならびに/または、イオン注入層の界面に機械的衝撃を加える際に、上記接合体6を貼り合せ温度±50℃であって、かつ上記接合体が50℃以上350℃以下となる温度にすることが好ましい。剥離の際に基板温度を貼り合せ温度に近づけることで接合体6の反りを戻し、作業をしやすくすることができるからである。
光照射を貼り合わせ温度近傍で行うことが望ましい理由は、本発明の技術的範囲を何ら制約するものではないが、以下のように説明が出来る。すなわち、高温で貼り合わせた基板は加熱し充分な結合強度が得られた後に室温に戻した際に、両基板の膨張率の差から基板が反ってしまう。この基板に光を照射すると薄膜転写の際に急激に応力が開放され、基板が平坦な状態に戻ろうとすることで、転写される半導体薄膜に欠陥が導入されることや、場合によっては基板そのものが破損してしまうことがあることが本発明者らの実験により判明したからである。
光照射を例えば、ホットプレート上に基板を載せて高温下で行うことにより、かかる基板破損を回避することができる。基板を平坦な状態で光照射をするためには、貼り合わせ時と同じ温度近くまで加温するのが望ましい。重要な点は、照射時にウェーハが加熱されている点にある。
またシリコン基板1のごく一部(貼り合わせ界面9の近傍のシリコンのみ)を瞬間的に加熱することで、基板の割れ、冷却後の反りも生じないという特徴を有する。
レーザーの照射条件としては、出力50W~100Wで発振周波数が25mJ@3kHzのものを用いる場合、面積当たりの照射エネルギーが、経験上5J/cm2~30J/cm2であることが望ましい。5J/cm2未満であるとイオン注入界面での脆化が起こらない可能性があり、30J/cm2を超えると脆化が強すぎて基板が破損する可能性があるためである。照射はスポット状のレーザー光をウェーハ上で走査するために、時間で規定することは難しいが、処理後の照射エネルギーが上記の範囲に入っていることが望ましい。
なお、キセノンランプ光を用いる場合、可視光域外の光をカットする波長フィルタを介して照射を行ってもよい。また、単結晶シリコンでの吸収係数の高い、450nm以下の可視光を遮るフィルタなどもプロセスの安定化のために有効である。前述のブリスターの発生を抑えるためには、本キセノンランプ光で貼り合わせSOS基板全面の一括照射を行うことが望ましい。一括照射により、貼り合わせSOS基板の応力局在化を防ぎ、貼り合わせSOS基板の破壊を防ぐことが容易となる。よって、熱剥離を発生させない程度にキセノンランプ光を照射し、然る後に機械剥離を行うことが肝要である。或いは、キセノンランプ光の照射に先立ち、機械的衝撃を貼り合わせSOS基板の端部、貼り合わせ面近傍に与えておき、キセノンランプ光照射による熱の衝撃が端部の機械的衝撃の起点部から貼り合わせSOS基板全面にわたってイオン注入界面に破壊を生ぜしめることが肝要となる。
イオン注入層の界面に機械的衝撃を与えるためには、例えばガスや液体等の流体のジェットを接合したウェーハの側面から連続的または断続的に吹き付ければよいが、衝撃により機械的剥離が生じる方法であれば特に限定はされない。
剥離器具は、150℃以上350℃以下の温度で熱処理された接合体6の水素イオン注入層の側面から機械的衝撃を付与できるものであり、好ましくは、水素イオン注入層の側面に当たる部分が尖り、イオン注入層に沿って移動可能なものであり、好ましくは、ハサミ状の鋭角な道具やハサミ状の鋭角な刃を備える装置を用い、その材質としてはプラスチック(例えばポリエーテルエーテルケトン)やジルコニア、シリコン、ダイヤモンド等を用いることができ、汚染にこだわらないので金属等を用いることも出来る。汚染にこだわる場合には、プラスチックを用いればよい。また、楔状の鋭角な道具として、ハサミ等の刃を用いてもよい。
上記剥離工程により、サファイア基板3上に単結晶シリコン薄膜4が形成された本発明のSOS基板8が得られる。
上記化学的なエッチングに用いるエッチング溶液としては、アンモニア過水、アンモニア、KOH、NaOH、CsOH、TMAH、EDPおよびヒドラジンからなる群より選択される1種または2種以上の組み合わせであることが好ましい。一般に有機溶剤はアルカリ溶液を比較するとエッチング速度が遅いので、正確なエッチング量制御が必要な際には適している。
CMP研磨は、表面を鏡面化するために行うので、通常は30nm以上の研磨を行うのが一般的である。
上記CMP研磨および鏡面仕上げ研磨の後、RCA洗浄やスピン洗浄等のウェットプロセスによる洗浄;および/または、UV/オゾン洗浄やHFベーパー洗浄等のドライプロセスによる洗浄を施してもよい。
予め酸化膜を200nm成長させた直径150mmのシリコン基板(厚さ625um)に55KeV、ドーズ量7.0x1016atoms/cm2で水素イオン(H+)を注入し、サファイア基板双方の表面にイオンビーム活性化処理を行い200℃で貼り合わせた。基板を225℃で24時間熱処理を行い仮接合をした後に、室温に冷却した。次いで、200℃のホットプレートに貼り合せ基板を乗せ、貼り合せ界面に機械的衝撃を加え剥離をすることで、シリコン薄膜をサファイアに転写した。基板全面へのシリコン薄膜の転写が確認できた。この基板のシリコン層をCMP研磨し、厚さを200nmとした。シリコン薄膜のラマンシフトの測定結果を図2に示す。中心部のラマンシフトは520.94cm-1、周辺は520.90cm-1となった。同時期に測定した単結晶シリコンウェーハのラマンシフトは520.50cm-1であり、応力は中心(一点測定)で1.10x108Paであり、周辺(ウェーハ端より1cmの箇所)で1.00x108Paと低い値を示した。
予め酸化膜を200nm成長させた直径150mmのシリコン基板(厚さ625um)に55KeV、ドーズ量7.0x1016atoms/cm2で水素イオン(H+)を注入し、サファイア基板双方の表面にプラズマ活性化処理を行い350℃で貼り合わせた。基板を225℃で24時間熱処理を行い仮接合をした後に、室温に冷却した。次いで、基板を300℃にホットプレート上で加熱し、貼り合せ界面に機械的衝撃を加え剥離をすることで、シリコン薄膜をサファイアに転写した。基板全面へのシリコン薄膜の転写が確認できた。この基板のシリコン層をCMP研磨し、厚さを200nmとした。中心部のラマンシフトは521.28cm-1、周辺の521.10cm-1となった。同時期に測定したバルクシリコンのラマンシフトは520.50cm-1であり、応力は中心一点測定で1.94x108Paであり、周辺(ウェーハ端より1cmの箇所一点測定)で1.49x108Paとなった。面内の応力のズレは0.5x108Pa以内となった。
予め酸化膜を200nm成長させた直径150mmのシリコン基板(厚さ625um)に55KeV、ドーズ量7.0x1016atoms/cm2で水素イオン(H+)を注入し、サファイア基板双方の表面にプラズマ活性化処理を行い200℃で貼り合わせた。基板を225℃で24時間熱処理を行い仮接合をした後に、室温に冷却した。次いで、基板を250℃にホットプレート上で加熱し、波長523nmのYAGレーザーを照射した。貼り合せ界面に機械的衝撃を加え剥離をすることで、シリコン薄膜をサファイアに転写した。基板全面へのシリコン薄膜の転写が確認できた。この基板のシリコン層をCMP研磨し、厚さを200nmとした。中心部のラマンシフトは521.25cm-1、周辺の521.07cm-1となった。同時期に測定したバルクシリコンのラマンシフトは520.47cm-1であり、応力は中心(中心一点測定)で1.87x108Paであり、周辺(ウェーハ端より1cmの箇所一点測定)で1.42x108Paとなった。面内の応力のズレは0.5x108Pa以内となった。
予め酸化膜を200nm成長させた直径150mmのシリコン基板(厚さ625um)に55KeV、ドーズ量7.0x1016atoms/cm2で水素イオン(H+)を注入し、サファイア基板双方の表面にプラズマ活性化処理を行い200℃で貼り合わせた。基板を225℃で24時間熱処理を行い仮接合をした後に、室温に冷却した。次いで、基板を250℃にホットプレート上で加熱し、Xeフラッシュランプ光を照射した。貼り合せ界面に機械的衝撃を加え剥離をすることで、シリコン薄膜をサファイアに転写した。基板全面へのシリコン薄膜の転写が確認できた。この基板のシリコン層をCMP研磨し、厚さを200nmとした。中心部のラマンシフトは521.18cm-1、周辺の521.00cm-1となった。同時期に測定したバルクシリコンのラマンシフトは520.50cm-1であり、応力は中心(中心一点測定)で1.69x108Paであり、周辺(ウェーハ端より1cmの箇所一点測定)1.25x108Paとなった。面内の応力のズレは0.45x108Pa以内となった。
2 イオン注入層
3 サファイア基板
4 薄膜層
5 シリコン層
6 接合体
7 酸化膜
8 貼り合わせSOS基板
9 貼り合わせ界面
Claims (9)
- サファイア基板上に単結晶シリコン薄膜が積層されたSilicon On Sapphire(SOS)基板であって、
ラマンシフト法により測定した、前記SOS基板のシリコン膜の応力が面内全域で絶対値で2.5x108Pa以下であるSOS基板。 - 単結晶シリコン基板もしくは酸化膜付き単結晶シリコン基板にイオンを注入してイオン注入層を形成する工程、
サファイア基板の1つの表面、および、前記イオンを注入した単結晶シリコン基板もしくは酸化膜付き単結晶シリコン基板の前記表面の少なくとも一方の面に表面活性化処理を施す工程、
前記単結晶シリコン基板もしくは酸化膜付き単結晶シリコン基板と前記サファイア基板とを50℃以上350℃以下で貼り合わせた後に150℃以上350℃以下の熱処理を加え、接合体を得る工程、
前記イオン注入層の界面を脆化する工程、ならびに、
前記イオン注入層の界面に機械的衝撃を加え、該界面に沿って貼り合わせた基板を剥離することにより、前記単結晶シリコン薄膜を前記サファイア基板に転写しSOS層を形成する工程をこの順に行うことにより得られたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のSOS基板。 - 前記イオン注入層の界面を脆化する工程、ならびに/または、前記イオン注入層の界面に機械的衝撃を加える際に、前記接合体を貼り合せ温度±50℃、かつ50℃以上350℃以下となるように加熱して得られたことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のSOS基板。
- 単結晶シリコンウェーハの520.50cm-1に対してラマンシフト量の差が、絶対値で1.0cm-1以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のSOS基板。
- ウェーハ面内の前記単結晶シリコン薄膜の応力の差が、0.5x108Pa以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のSOS基板。
- 前記単結晶シリコン薄膜の厚さが、30nm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のSOS基板。
- 前記単結晶シリコン薄膜とサファイア基板との間にシリコン酸化膜が挟まれていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のSOS基板。
- 前記単結晶シリコン薄膜の厚さバラツキが、20nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のSOS基板。
- 請求項1に記載のSOS基板により作製される半導体デバイス。
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EP10841002.8A EP2521177B1 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2010-12-27 | A method of preparing a silicon-on-sapphire substrate |
KR1020127015690A KR101750580B1 (ko) | 2009-12-28 | 2010-12-27 | 응력을 저감한 sos 기판 |
CN201080059990.6A CN102687272B (zh) | 2009-12-28 | 2010-12-27 | 应力减小的sos基板 |
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US20120280355A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
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