WO2011078378A1 - 多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池 - Google Patents
多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011078378A1 WO2011078378A1 PCT/JP2010/073572 JP2010073572W WO2011078378A1 WO 2011078378 A1 WO2011078378 A1 WO 2011078378A1 JP 2010073572 W JP2010073572 W JP 2010073572W WO 2011078378 A1 WO2011078378 A1 WO 2011078378A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- cell
- lattice constant
- type
- layers
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 247
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 56
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 37
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910000980 Aluminium gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylindium Chemical compound C[In](C)C IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UIESIEAPEWREMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridoarsenic(2.) (triplet) Chemical compound [AsH] UIESIEAPEWREMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical compound [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/0304—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L31/03046—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds including ternary or quaternary compounds, e.g. GaAlAs, InGaAs, InGaAsP
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
- H01L31/0687—Multiple junction or tandem solar cells
- H01L31/06875—Multiple junction or tandem solar cells inverted grown metamorphic [IMM] multiple junction solar cells, e.g. III-V compounds inverted metamorphic multi-junction cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/184—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIIBV compounds, e.g. GaAs, InP
- H01L31/1844—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIIBV compounds, e.g. GaAs, InP comprising ternary or quaternary compounds, e.g. Ga Al As, In Ga As P
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/544—Solar cells from Group III-V materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell.
- Silicon crystal solar cells that use a silicon substrate and have a pn junction formed on the silicon substrate are currently the mainstream, but are directly transitional as a solar cell that can achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency than silicon crystal solar cells.
- Many of the compound semiconductor solar cells currently being developed are multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cells having a multi-junction (tandem) structure having a plurality of photoelectric conversion layers (pn junction layers) having different forbidden band widths. Since the optical spectrum can be effectively used, it is possible to obtain higher photoelectric conversion efficiency than a single-junction compound semiconductor solar cell having one photoelectric conversion layer.
- a system considering lattice matching by epitaxial growth (lattice matching system) is mainly studied.
- lattice matching system as a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery having three photoelectric conversion layers, it has an InGaP photoelectric conversion layer / GaAs photoelectric conversion layer / Ge photoelectric conversion layer from the sunlight incident side (light receiving surface side). Multijunction compound semiconductor solar cells have been developed.
- the forbidden band width of the InGaP photoelectric conversion layer is about 1.87 eV
- the forbidden band width of the GaAs photoelectric conversion layer is about 1.42 eV
- the forbidden band width of the Ge photoelectric conversion layer is about 0.67 eV. .
- FIG. 16A and 16B are schematic cross-sectional views of a conventional multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery shown in FIG. 16A is arranged in the order of a top cell 501, a middle cell 502, and a bottom cell 504 from the sunlight incident side.
- An electrode 505 is formed, and a second electrode 506 is formed on the back surface of the bottom cell 504 opposite to the light receiving surface side (back surface side).
- the forbidden band width of the photoelectric conversion layer of the top cell 501 is the largest
- the forbidden band width of the photoelectric conversion layer of the middle cell 502 is the next largest
- the photoelectric conversion layer of the bottom cell 504 is the smallest.
- each of the top cell 501, the middle cell 502, and the bottom cell 504 includes a plurality of semiconductor layers including one photoelectric conversion layer.
- the material of the bottom cell 504 is a material in which the forbidden band width of the photoelectric conversion layer of the bottom cell 504 is about 0.9 to 1.1 eV. Is being studied.
- InGaAs has been proposed as one of materials whose forbidden bandwidth is about 1 eV.
- a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery is manufactured using InGaAs as the material of the bottom cell 504, InGaP as the top cell 501, and GaAs as the material of the middle cell 502, the GaAs constituting the middle cell 502 and the bottom cell 504
- the lattice constant is different from that of InGaAs, and the difference in lattice constant is as large as about 2%. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 16B, a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell in which a buffer layer 503 having a changed lattice constant is formed between the middle cell 502 and the bottom cell 504 has been developed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 JFGeisz et al., “Inverted GaInP / (In) GaAs / InGaAs triple-junction solar cells with low-stress metamorphic bottom junction”, 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference San Diego, California 11, May 16, 2008
- the top cell 501 (InGaP) and the middle cell 502 (GaAs) are lattice-matched in a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell of InGaP (top cell) / GaAs (middle cell) / InGaAs (bottom cell).
- a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell in which a buffer layer 503 in which the lattice constant of InGaP is changed is formed between a middle cell 502 (GaAs) and a bottom cell 504 (InGaAs) having different lattice constants.
- FIG. 17A shows a conventional lattice constant when a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell is formed on a semiconductor substrate 507 (GaAs substrate) shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. The relationship with the film thickness is shown.
- a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell is formed on the semiconductor substrate 507 (GaAs substrate) shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. The relationship between the conventional lattice constant and the film thickness is shown.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell on the semiconductor substrate 507 (GaAs substrate) shown in FIGS. 17B and 18B is manufactured as follows. In FIG. 17 and FIG. 18, the description about the tunnel junction is omitted.
- an InGaP crystal lattice-matched with a GaAs crystal constituting the semiconductor substrate 507 is epitaxially grown on a semiconductor substrate 507 (GaAs substrate) to form a top cell 501, and subsequently, an InGaP crystal and a lattice constituting the top cell 501 are formed.
- Middle cells 502 are formed by epitaxially growing matched GaAs crystals.
- the buffer layer 503A is formed by epitaxially growing the InGaP crystal so that the lattice constant increases at regular intervals (the lattice constant increases at a constant increase amount), and then the bottom cell 504 is formed by epitaxially growing the InGaAs crystal.
- the buffer layer 503A is formed by epitaxially growing the InGaP crystal so that the lattice constant increases at regular intervals (the lattice constant increases at a constant increase amount)
- the bottom cell 504 is formed by epitaxially growing the InGaAs crystal.
- the lattice constant of the InGaP crystal adjacent to the bottom cell 504 of the buffer layer 503A is the lattice of the bottom cell 504. It is larger than a constant.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-324563 also has a similar description.
- the cells on the semiconductor substrate 507 are arranged in order from the cell positioned on the light receiving surface side of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery (that is, the top cell 501 and the middle cell).
- the method of stacking in the order of 502 and bottom cell 504) is called reverse stacking, and such a stacked structure is called reverse stacking 3 junction.
- the buffer layer 503 in which the lattice constant of InGaP is changed between the middle cell 502 (GaAs) and the bottom cell 504 (InGaAs) having different lattice constants could not be sufficiently increased, and as a result, a multijunction compound semiconductor solar cell having excellent characteristics could not be obtained.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell that is superior in characteristics to conventional ones.
- the present invention includes a first electrode, a first cell, a buffer layer, a second cell, and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode is disposed on a sunlight incident side, and the first cell is a first cell A photoelectric conversion layer, the second cell includes a second photoelectric conversion layer, and the forbidden band width of the first photoelectric conversion layer and the forbidden band width of the second photoelectric conversion layer are different from each other;
- the constant is larger than the lattice constant of the first cell
- the buffer layer is composed of a plurality of semiconductor layers, and each of the plurality of semiconductor layers has an increasing lattice constant in order from the first cell side to the second cell side.
- the lattice constant of the semiconductor layer closest to the second cell is larger than the lattice constant of the second cell, and two adjacent layers of the plurality of semiconductor layers are latticed.
- the two layers with the largest constant difference are the first cell from the center in the thickness direction of the buffer layer. It is a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell which is located closer to.
- the two layers having the largest lattice constant difference between two adjacent semiconductor layers are the two layers closest to the first cell.
- the lattice constant of the semiconductor layer on the second cell side of the two layers having the largest lattice constant difference between the adjacent two semiconductor layers is defined as a1, and the first cell.
- the difference in lattice constant between the lattice constant a1 and the lattice constant a2 is preferably 0.0015 nm or more and 0.0026 nm or less.
- the lattice constant of the second photoelectric conversion layer of the second cell is a4
- the lattice constant of the semiconductor layer closest to the second cell is a3
- Second lattice constant difference ratio (%) (100 ⁇ (a3 ⁇ a4)) / (a3)
- the second lattice constant difference ratio is preferably 0.12% or more and 0.8% or less.
- the present invention provides a second cell having a first photoelectric conversion layer having a first forbidden band width and a second photoelectric conversion layer having a second forbidden band width smaller than the first forbidden band width.
- the lattice constant of the cell is larger than the lattice constant of the first cell
- the buffer layer is composed of a plurality of semiconductor layers, and each of the plurality of semiconductor layers has a lattice constant from the first cell side to the second cell side.
- the lattice constant of the semiconductor layer closest to the second cell is larger than the lattice constant of the second cell, and the adjacent two of the plurality of semiconductor layers are adjacent to each other.
- the two layers where the lattice constant difference between the layers is the largest are from the center in the thickness direction of the buffer layer. Is a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cells are located closer to one cell.
- the two layers having the largest lattice constant difference between two adjacent semiconductor layers are the two layers closest to the first cell.
- the lattice constant of the semiconductor layer on the second cell side of the two layers in which the lattice constant difference between two adjacent semiconductor layers is the largest is a1
- the difference in lattice constant between the lattice constant a1 and the lattice constant a2 is preferably 0.0015 nm or more and 0.0026 nm or less.
- the lattice constant of the second photoelectric conversion layer of the second cell is a4
- the lattice constant of the semiconductor layer closest to the second cell is a3
- Second lattice constant difference ratio (%) (100 ⁇ (a3 ⁇ a4)) / (a3)
- the second lattice constant difference ratio is preferably 0.12% or more and 0.8% or less.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a specific cross-sectional structure of a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of a specific cross-sectional structure of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a part of an example of the method for manufacturing the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery having the configuration shown in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another part of the process of the example of the method for manufacturing the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery having the configuration shown in FIG. 4.
- 1 is a conceptual diagram of a method for manufacturing a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell of Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of another example of the method for producing a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific cross-sectional structure of a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific cross-sectional structure of a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Example 3.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a specific cross-sectional structure of a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Example 4.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a specific cross-sectional structure of a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Example 5.
- FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the sample for evaluation with respect to a multijunction type compound semiconductor solar cell. Evaluation sample No. 1 corresponding to the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell of Example 1 was used.
- 1 is a specific cross-sectional structure. It is a figure which shows the relationship between Eg of the photoelectric converting layer of a bottom cell, and Voc of a bottom cell.
- FIG. 1 is a figure which shows the relationship between the lattice constant and film thickness of the conventional multijunction type compound semiconductor solar cell wafer shown to (b), (b) is a model of the conventional multijunction type compound semiconductor solar cell wafer.
- FIG. (A) is a figure which shows the relationship between the lattice constant and film thickness of the conventional multijunction type compound semiconductor solar cell wafer shown to (b), (b) is a model of the conventional multijunction type compound semiconductor solar cell wafer.
- FIG. 1 (a) shows an example of a basic structure of a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell which is one embodiment of the present invention.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery shown in FIG. 1A includes a multi-junction cell 306, a support substrate 307, a metal layer 321 that joins the multi-junction cell 306 and the support substrate 307, and light reception by the multi-junction cell 306.
- a first electrode 304 formed on the surface side and a second electrode 305 formed on the back surface side of the support substrate 307 are provided.
- the multi-junction cell 306 includes a first cell 301, a second cell 302 having a lattice constant different from that of the first cell 301, and a buffer layer 303 formed between the first cell 301 and the second cell 302. , Including.
- the multi-junction cell 306 may include one or more cells other than the first cell 301 and the second cell 302.
- the support substrate 307 for example, a semiconductor substrate can be used.
- FIG. 1 (b) shows another example of the basic structure of a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell that is one embodiment of the present invention.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery shown in FIG. 1B is characterized in that the second electrode 305 is formed between the multi-junction cell 306 and the support substrate 307.
- the first cell 301 is formed on the light receiving surface side of the second cell 302, and the first photoelectric conversion layer of the first cell 301 is formed.
- the forbidden band width (first forbidden band width) is larger than the forbidden band width (second forbidden band width) of the second photoelectric conversion layer of the second cell 302.
- the lattice constant of the second photoelectric conversion layer of the second cell 302 is larger than the lattice constant of the first photoelectric conversion layer of the first cell 301.
- the forbidden bandwidth (third forbidden bandwidth) of the buffer layer 303 is larger than the second forbidden bandwidth.
- the buffer layer 303 is composed of a plurality of semiconductor layers having different lattice constants between two cells having different lattice constants of the photoelectric conversion layer.
- the lattice constant of each semiconductor layer of the buffer layer 303 changes so as to increase in order from the first cell 301 side to the second cell 302 side.
- the buffer layer 303 is formed after forming the first cell 301 on the light-receiving surface side of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery, and then The second cell 302 is formed.
- each of the plurality of semiconductor layers constituting the buffer layer 303 changes the composition ratio of the group III element of the compound semiconductor so that the lattice constant increases in order from the first cell 301 side to the second cell 302 side. It is formed by epitaxial growth.
- a plurality of semiconductor layers lattice-matched with the first cell 301 may be formed between the first cell 301 and the buffer layer 303 by epitaxial growth, and the second cell is interposed between the second cell 302 and the buffer layer 303.
- a plurality of semiconductor layers lattice-matched with 302 may be formed by epitaxial growth.
- the lattice constant of the semiconductor layer closest to the second cell 302 is larger than the lattice constant of the second photoelectric conversion layer of the second cell 302, and the thickness of the buffer layer 303
- the lattice constant difference between two adjacent layers located closer to the first cell 301 than the center in the vertical direction is larger than the lattice constant difference between other two adjacent layers
- the second cell 302 with few crystal defects is formed. It was found that the crystallinity of the second cell 302 can be improved. It has been found that the improved crystallinity of the second cell 302 improves the characteristics of the second cell 302 and improves the solar cell characteristics of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell.
- the two-dimensional growth changes to the three-dimensional growth.
- the transferred crystal growth slightly occurs in the semiconductor layer on the second cell 302 side of the two adjacent layers, and the slight three-dimensional growth relaxes the distortion of the semiconductor layer on the second cell 302 side, thereby improving the crystallinity. Is considered to be favorable.
- the crystallinity of the second cell 302 can be improved by stacking the semiconductor layer over the semiconductor layer.
- FIG. 2A shows the relationship between the lattice constant and the film thickness of an example of a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell which is an embodiment of the present invention shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG.
- the two layers having the largest lattice constant difference between two adjacent semiconductor layers are the two layers closest to the first cell 301.
- the lattice constant of the second photoelectric conversion layer of the second cell 302 is larger than the lattice constant of the first photoelectric conversion layer of the first cell 301.
- the lattice constant difference A between the two adjacent layers located at the location closest to the first cell 301 is larger than the lattice constant difference B between the other two adjacent layers. It is getting bigger.
- a stacked body of the second cell 302 and the buffer layer 303 is a semiconductor layer 314.
- a strain relaxation is caused at the location closest to the first cell 301 in the buffer layer 303, thereby forming a semiconductor layer with good crystallinity from the location closest to the first cell 301 side.
- a semiconductor layer is stacked on the substrate.
- the buffer layer 303 is located closer to the first cell 301 than the center of the buffer layer 303 in the thickness direction, and is preferably located closest to the first cell 301.
- the tunnel junction layer is a heavily doped pn junction for electrically connecting two semiconductor layers, and is a layer including at least a pair of p + layer and n + layer.
- the cells such as the first cell 301 and the second cell 302 are provided with, for example, a window layer on the light receiving surface side and a BSF layer (back surface electric field layer) on the back surface side to collect carriers. You may give the device for improving efficiency. Further, a contact layer for reducing the resistance between the semiconductor layer and the electrode may be formed in the cell located closest to the electrode.
- the window layer is formed on the light receiving surface side of the photoelectric conversion layer, and is formed of a material having a larger forbidden band width than the photoelectric conversion layer.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a specific cross-sectional structure of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell of Example 1.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery shown in FIG. 3 includes a top cell 40A (InGaP), a middle cell 40B (GaAs), and a bottom cell 40C (InGaAs) from the light-receiving surface side.
- the photoelectric conversion layer 60B of the middle cell 40B (GaAs) and the photoelectric conversion layer 60C of the bottom cell 40C (InGaAs) have different lattice constants, and the difference in lattice constant is about 2%.
- the middle cell 40B corresponds to the first cell
- the bottom cell 40C corresponds to the second cell.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell shown in FIG. 3 includes a first electrode 128, a top cell 40A, a tunnel junction layer on a support substrate 101 (for example, having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m) from the side that becomes a light receiving surface.
- (First tunnel junction layer) 50A, middle cell 40B, tunnel junction layer (second tunnel junction layer) 50B, buffer layer 41A, and bottom cell 40C are included in this order. Is formed.
- a metal layer 151 is formed between the bottom cell 40 ⁇ / b> C and the support substrate 101.
- the metal layer 151 can be formed of, for example, an alloy of gold and tin, and can be formed using a resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus or an EB (Electron Beam) vapor deposition apparatus.
- the support substrate 101 is a semiconductor such as silicon.
- the bottom cell 40C includes, in order from the support substrate 101 side, a contact layer 35 (eg, thickness 0.4 ⁇ m) made of p-type InGaAs, a BSF layer 34 (eg, thickness 0.1 ⁇ m) made of p-type In 0.745 Ga 0.255 P, p Base layer 33 made of type InGaAs (for example, 3 ⁇ m thick), emitter layer 32 made of n type InGaAs (for example, 0.1 ⁇ m thick), and window layer 31 made of n type In 0.745 Ga 0.255 P (for example, 0.1 ⁇ m thick) ).
- a contact layer 35 eg, thickness 0.4 ⁇ m
- a BSF layer 34 eg, thickness 0.1 ⁇ m
- p Base layer 33 made of type InGaAs (for example, 3 ⁇ m thick)
- emitter layer 32 made of n type InGaAs (for example, 0.1 ⁇ m thick)
- window layer 31 made of n type In 0.7
- the bottom cell 40C has a photoelectric conversion layer 60C made of a joined body of a base layer 33 made of p-type InGaAs and an emitter layer 32 made of n-type InGaAs. Note that the inside of the bottom cell 40C is lattice-matched.
- the buffer layer 41A includes, in order from the bottom cell 40C side, an n-type In 0.799 Ga 0.201 P layer 30a (for example, 1 ⁇ m thick), an n-type In 0.766 Ga 0.234 P layer 29a (for example, 0.25 ⁇ m thick), and an n-type In 0.733 Ga.
- 0.267 P layer 28a for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type In 0.700 Ga 0.300 P layer 27a for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type In 0.667 Ga 0.333 P layer 26a for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n Type In 0.634 Ga 0.366 P layer 25a for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n type In 0.601 Ga 0.399 P layer 24a for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n type In 0.568 Ga 0.432 P layer 23a for example, thickness 0.
- each of the semiconductor layers constituting the buffer layer 41A has a lattice constant stepwise from the middle cell 40B to the bottom cell 40C. Arranged to increase.
- n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21a and an n + -type AlInP layer 110 described later are lattice-matched, and the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a of the buffer layer 41A is changed to the n-type In 0.799 Ga 0.201 P layer.
- the lattice constant increases gradually over 30a.
- the difference in Ga composition x between the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21a and the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a is 0.045, and the difference in Ga composition x between the two layers of the other InGaP layers is 0. It is larger than 033. Therefore, the lattice constant difference between the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21a and the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a is larger than the lattice constant difference between the other two adjacent layers constituting the buffer layer 41A. There is one location on the middle cell 40B side from the center in the thickness direction of the buffer layer 41A. At this time, the lattice constant difference between the other two adjacent layers is the same lattice constant difference.
- the tunnel junction layer (second tunnel junction layer) 50B includes, in order from the buffer layer 41A side, an n + -type AlInP layer 110 (for example, a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ m) and an n ++ type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 111 (for example, a thickness). 0.02 ⁇ m), a p ++ type AlGaAs layer 112 (for example, thickness 0.02 ⁇ m) and a p + type AlInP layer 113 (for example, 0.05 ⁇ m thickness), and a tunnel junction layer (second tunnel)
- the inside of the bonding layer 50B is lattice-matched.
- the middle cell 40B includes, in order from the second tunnel junction layer 50B side, a BSF layer 114 (eg, thickness 0.1 ⁇ m) made of p-type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P and a base layer 115 (eg, thickness 3 ⁇ m) made of p-type GaAs. , An emitter layer 116 made of n-type GaAs (for example, thickness 0.1 ⁇ m) and a window layer 117 made of n-type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P (for example, thickness 0.1 ⁇ m).
- the middle cell 40B has a photoelectric conversion layer 60B made of a joined body of a base layer 115 made of p-type GaAs and an emitter layer 116 made of n-type GaAs. The inside of the middle cell 40B is lattice matched.
- the tunnel junction layer (first tunnel junction layer) 50A includes, in order from the middle cell 40B side, an n + type AlInP layer 118 (for example, a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ m) and an n ++ type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 119 (for example, a thickness). 0.02 ⁇ m), a p ++ type AlGaAs layer 120 (for example, thickness 0.02 ⁇ m) and a p + type AlInP layer 121 (for example, thickness 0.05 ⁇ m), and a tunnel junction layer (first tunnel junction) Layer)
- the inside of 50A is lattice-matched.
- the top cell 40A includes a BSF layer 122 (eg, thickness 0.05 ⁇ m) made of p-type AlInP and a base layer 123 (eg, thickness 0) made of p-type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P in this order from the first tunnel junction layer 50A side. .70 ⁇ m), an emitter layer 124 (for example, thickness 0.05 ⁇ m) made of n-type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P, a window layer 125 (for example, thickness 0.05 ⁇ m) made of n-type AlInP, and a first electrode 128 are formed.
- a BSF layer 122 eg, thickness 0.05 ⁇ m
- base layer 123 eg, thickness 0
- an emitter layer 124 for example, thickness 0.05 ⁇ m
- a window layer 125 for example, thickness 0.05 ⁇ m
- a first electrode 128 are formed.
- the contact layer 126 (for example, 0.4 ⁇ m thick) made of n-type GaAs is formed on the window layer 125 made of n-type AlInP in the region to be formed.
- the top cell 40A includes a photoelectric conversion layer 60A made of a joined body of the emitter layer 124 made of p-type an In 0.490 Ga 0.510 consists P base layer 123 and the n-type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P. Note that the inside of the top cell 40A is lattice-matched.
- an antireflection film 127 made of ZnS / MgF 2 is formed on the window layer 125 made of n-type AlInP other than the region where the first electrode 128 is formed.
- tunnel junction layer (second tunnel junction layer) 50B, the middle cell 40B, the tunnel junction layer (first tunnel junction layer) 50A, and the top cell 40A are lattice-matched.
- the forbidden band width of the photoelectric conversion layer 60A in the top cell 40A is the first forbidden band width
- the forbidden band width of the photoelectric conversion layer 60B in the middle cell 40B is in the second forbidden band width
- the forbidden bandwidth of the photoelectric conversion layer 60C is the fourth forbidden bandwidth
- the first forbidden bandwidth, the second forbidden bandwidth, and the fourth forbidden bandwidth are in descending order of the size of the forbidden bandwidth of the photoelectric conversion layer. It is a band width.
- the forbidden bandwidth of the buffer layer is the third forbidden bandwidth
- the third forbidden bandwidth is larger than the fourth forbidden bandwidth.
- FIG. 4 shows another example of a specific cross-sectional structure of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell of Example 1.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery shown in FIG. 4 is characterized in that the second electrode 102 is formed between the bottom cell 40 ⁇ / b> C and the support substrate 101.
- the other structure is the same as that of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell shown in FIG.
- the support substrate 101 shown in FIG. 4 may be a semiconductor such as silicon or an insulator.
- the manufacturing method shown below is characterized in that it is formed by epitaxial growth in order from a semiconductor layer on the light receiving surface side of a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell on a semiconductor substrate.
- a GaAs substrate 130 is placed in a MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) apparatus, and an etching stop capable of selective etching with GaAs on the GaAs substrate 130.
- MOCVD Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition
- N-type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P etching stop layer 131, n-type GaAs contact layer 126, n-type AlInP window layer 125, n-type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P emitter layer 124, p-type A base layer 123 made of In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P and a BSF layer 122 made of p-type AlInP are epitaxially grown in this order by the MOCVD method.
- a window layer 117 made of n-type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P, an emitter layer 116 made of n-type GaAs, a base layer 115 made of p-type GaAs, and a p-type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 The BSF layer 114 made of P is epitaxially grown in this order by the MOCVD method.
- n + -type AlInP layer 110 is grown epitaxially by MOCVD in this order.
- n + type AlInP layer 110 an n + type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21a, an n type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a, an n type In 0.568 Ga 0.432 P layer 23a, an n type In 0.601 Ga 0.399 P Layer 24a, n-type In 0.634 Ga 0.366 P layer 25a, n-type In 0.667 Ga 0.333 P layer 26a, n-type In 0.700 Ga 0.300 P layer 27a, n-type In 0.733 Ga 0.267 P layer 28a, n-type In 0.766 Ga 0.234 P
- the layer 29a and the n-type In 0.799 Ga 0.201 P layer 30a are epitaxially grown by MOCVD. Since the lattice constant of the InGaP layer changes depending on the composition ratio of In and Ga, which are group III elements of the InGaP layer, each layer of the buffer layer 41A is epitaxially grown with the lattice constant changing stepwise.
- the n-type In 0.799 Ga 0.201 P layer 30a has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m, while the other layers (21a to 29a) each have a thickness of 0.25 ⁇ m.
- the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21 a is epitaxially grown in lattice matching with the layer below the n + -type AlInP layer 110.
- the lattice matching from the GaAs substrate 130 to the n + -type AlInP layer 110 is performed. Therefore, the lattice constant is changed stepwise from the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a and is epitaxially grown.
- an n + type is formed in order to form the buffer layer of the InGaP layer without changing the lattice constant.
- An n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21 a lattice-matched to the AlInP layer 110 was formed.
- the lattice constant difference between the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21a and the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a is larger than the lattice constant difference between the two adjacent InGaP layers. Therefore, in the buffer layer 41A, the lattice constant difference between two layers of adjacent semiconductor layers is larger than the lattice constant difference between two layers of other adjacent semiconductor layers, and there is one location on the middle cell 40B side.
- the lattice constant difference between two adjacent semiconductor layers other than the lattice constant difference between the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21a and the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a is the same lattice constant difference. It has become.
- a window layer 31 made of n-type In 0.745 Ga 0.255 P, an emitter layer 32 made of n-type InGaAs, a base layer 33 made of p-type InGaAs, and a p-type In 0.745 The BSF layer 34 made of Ga 0.255 P and the contact layer 35 made of p-type InGaAs are epitaxially grown in this order by the MOCVD method.
- composition of the group III elements In and Ga was selected for the window layer 31 so as to lattice match with InGaAs constituting the photoelectric conversion layer of the bottom cell 40C.
- AsH 3 arsine and TMG (trimethylgallium) can be used for forming GaAs
- TMI trimethylindium
- TMG and PH 3 phosphine
- TMI, TMG, and AsH 3 can be used to form InGaAs
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- TMI, and PH 3 can be used to form AlInP
- TMA, TMG, and AsH 3 can be used for forming AlGaAs
- TMA, TMI, TMG, and AsH 3 can be used for forming AlInGaAs.
- a second electrode 102 made of a laminate of, for example, Au (for example, thickness 0.1 ⁇ m) / Ag (for example, thickness 3 ⁇ m) is formed on the surface of the contact layer 35 made of p-type InGaAs. After that, the support substrate 101 is attached to the second electrode 102.
- the GaAs substrate 130 is removed.
- the removal of the GaAs substrate 130 is performed, for example, as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 6, after the GaAs substrate 130 is etched with an alkaline aqueous solution, the etching stop layer 131 made of n-type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P is acidified. This can be done by etching with an aqueous solution.
- the contact layer 126 corresponding to the resist pattern is removed by etching with an alkaline aqueous solution. Then, a resist pattern is formed again on the surface of the remaining contact layer 126 by photolithography, and, for example, AuGe (12%) (for example, thickness 0.1 ⁇ m) /
- a first electrode 128 made of a laminate of Ni (for example, thickness 0.02 ⁇ m) / Au (for example, thickness 0.1 ⁇ m) / Ag (for example, thickness 5 ⁇ m) is formed.
- mesa etching is performed using an alkaline aqueous solution and an acid solution. Then, an antireflection film 127 made of ZnS / MgF 2 is formed by sputtering, electron beam vapor deposition, resistance heating vapor deposition, or the like. Thereby, the multijunction type compound semiconductor solar cell of the structure shown in FIG. 4 in which the light-receiving surface of a multijunction type compound semiconductor solar cell is located on the opposite side to the growth direction of the compound semiconductor can be obtained.
- the characteristics of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell described above were obtained because the n-type In 0.799 Ga 0.201 P layer 30a closest to the bottom cell 40C in the buffer layer 41A was more than the lattice constant of the photoelectric conversion layer 60c in the bottom cell 40C.
- the lattice constant difference between two layers of adjacent semiconductor layers is larger than the lattice constant difference between two layers of other adjacent semiconductor layers, This is considered to be because the crystallinity of the bottom cell 40C is improved by the presence of the portion closest to the middle cell 40B.
- the crystallinity of the bottom cell 40C is improved, the characteristics of the bottom cell 40C are improved, and the solar cell characteristics of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell are also improved.
- the crystallinity of the bottom cell 40C is improved except for the phenomenon in which dislocation occurs when the difference in lattice constant between two adjacent layers in the buffer layer 41A in which a plurality of semiconductor layers are present exceeds a certain value. Furthermore , crystal growth that has shifted from two-dimensional growth to three-dimensional growth occurs slightly in the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a, and this slight three-dimensional growth causes the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a to It is considered that the strain is relaxed and the crystallinity of the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a is improved.
- Example 1 the difference in Ga composition x between the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21a and the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a of the buffer layer 41A is 0.045, and two layers of other InGaP layers The difference in the Ga composition x is 0.033.
- the difference in Ga composition x between the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21a and the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a of the buffer layer 41A becomes too large, the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a The dislocation density increases, and the n-type In 0.568 Ga 0.432 P layer 23a to the n-type In 0.799 Ga 0.201 P layer 30a and the bottom cell 40C of the buffer layer 41A maintain their dislocation densities, so that the crystallinity deteriorates.
- the difference in Ga composition x between the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21a and the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a of the buffer layer 41A becomes too small, the crystal of the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a It is considered that the nucleus of three-dimensional growth for improving the property hardly occurs in the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22a.
- FIG. 7 shows a conceptual diagram of a method for manufacturing the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell of Example 1 described above. That is, after the etching stop layer 309, the top cell 40A, the first tunnel junction layer 50A, the middle cell 40B, the second tunnel junction layer 50B, the buffer layer 41A, and the bottom cell 40C are formed in this order on the semiconductor substrate 308, the semiconductor In this manufacturing method, the substrate 308 is removed by etching.
- FIG. 8 shows a conceptual diagram of another example of the method for producing the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell of Example 1 described above.
- the example shown in FIG. 8 is characterized by considering the reuse of the semiconductor substrate.
- An etching stop layer 310, an etching layer 311 and an etching stop layer 312 are stacked on the semiconductor substrate 308, and then the etching layer 311 is etched to separate the semiconductor substrate 308 side and the multi-junction cell 313 side.
- the semiconductor substrate 308 can be reused.
- a Ga 0.510 P layer is epitaxially grown in this order by the MOCVD method.
- a multi-junction cell 313 is formed on the etching stop layer 312. In the multi-junction cell 313, the above-described layers are formed.
- the multi-junction cell 313 is not limited to each layer described above.
- the AlAs layer can be etched with hydrofluoric acid to separate the multi-junction cell 313 side and the GaAs substrate side.
- N-type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer and the GaAs substrate side is etching stop layer 310
- n-type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer is an etch stop layer 312 of the separated multi-junction cell 313 side, respectively, acids other than hydrofluoric acid It can be removed by etching with an aqueous solution. For this reason, the solar cell on the multijunction cell 313 side is manufactured, and the GaAs substrate can be reused.
- a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell in which the composition of the group III element in the buffer layer was changed to change the lattice constant of the buffer layer was produced.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cells of Examples 2 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except for the structure of the buffer layer and the method for producing the buffer layer.
- the buffer layer was produced by epitaxial growth by the MOCVD method similar to that in Example 1.
- the buffer layer is composed of a plurality of semiconductor layers whose lattice constants are changed by changing the composition of the group III element, as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 shows a specific cross-sectional structure of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell of Example 2.
- the difference in Ga composition x between the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21b and the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22b of the buffer layer 41B is 0. 0.045
- the difference in Ga composition x between two layers of other InGaP layers is 0.029.
- the buffer layer 41B has an n-type In 0.767 Ga 0.233 P layer 30b (for example, thickness 1 ⁇ m), an n-type In 0.738 Ga 0.262 P layer 29b (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), and an n-type In 0.709 Ga 0.291 on the bottom cell 40C.
- P layer 28b (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), n-type In 0.680 Ga 0.320 P layer 27b (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), n-type In 0.651 Ga 0.349 P layer 26b (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), n-type In 0.622 Ga 0.378 P layer 25b (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), n-type In 0.593 Ga 0.407 P layer 24b (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), n-type In 0.564 Ga 0.436 P layer 23b (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m) ), n-type in 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22b (thickness, for example 0.25 [mu] m) and the n + -type in 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21b (thickness, for example 0.25 [mu] m) are stacked in this order It has a structure.
- buffer layer 41B Although only the buffer layer 41B is shown above, the structure is the same as that of Example 1 except for the structure of the buffer layer 41B.
- FIG. 10 shows a specific cross-sectional structure of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell of Example 3.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Example 3 has the same structure as that of Example 2 except for the buffer layer 41C, and was produced by the same method.
- the difference in Ga composition x between the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21c and the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer 22c in the buffer layer 41C is 0.045, and the Ga composition x between the two layers of the other InGaP layers is The difference is 0.039.
- Buffer layer 41C has, on the bottom cell 40C, n-type In 0.847 Ga 0.153 P layer 30c (thickness, for example, 1 [mu] m), n-type In 0.808 Ga 0.192 P layer 29c (thickness, for example 0.25 [mu] m), n-type an In 0.769 Ga 0.231 P layer 28c (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), n-type In 0.730 Ga 0.270 P layer 27c (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), n-type In 0.691 Ga 0.309 P layer 26c (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), n-type In 0.652 Ga 0.348 P layer 25c (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), n-type In 0.613 Ga 0.387 P layer 24c (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), n-type In 0.574 Ga 0.426 P layer 23c (for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m) ), n-type in 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Comparative Example 1 has the same structure as that of Example 1 except for the buffer layer, and was produced by the same method. Note that the thickness of the buffer layer of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Comparative Example 1 is the same as the thickness of the buffer layer 41A of Example 1.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Comparative Example 2 also has the same structure as that of Example 1 except for the buffer layer, and was produced by the same method. Note that the thickness of the buffer layer of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Comparative Example 1 is the same as the thickness of the buffer layer 41A of Example 1.
- the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer and the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer which are adjacent two layers arranged at positions closest to the middle cell, are provided.
- the difference in Ga composition x between the two layers was 0.045, and the difference in Ga composition x between two adjacent layers of the other InGaP layers was 0.041.
- Examples 4 to 5 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4> Next, the difference in Ga composition x between the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer and the n-type InGaP layer that are adjacent to each other on the side closest to the middle cell of the buffer layer is changed, and two layers of other InGaP layers are changed.
- the difference of Ga composition x was set to 0.033. Examples 4 and 5 showing good solar cell characteristics, and other Comparative Examples 3 and 4 will be described below.
- Example 2 and Example 3 a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell in which the composition of the group III element in the buffer layer was changed and the lattice constant of the buffer layer was changed was produced.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cells of Examples 4 to 5 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except for the structure of the buffer layer and the method for producing the buffer layer.
- the buffer layer was produced by epitaxial growth by the MOCVD method similar to that in Example 1.
- the buffer layer is composed of a plurality of semiconductor layers whose lattice constants are changed by changing the composition of the group III element, as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 shows a specific cross-sectional structure of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell of Example 4.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Example 4 has the same structure as that of Example 1 except for the buffer layer 41D, and was produced by the same method.
- the difference in Ga composition x between the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21d and the n-type In 0.550 Ga 0.450 P layer 22d of the buffer layer 41D is 0.060, and the Ga composition between the two adjacent InGaP layers is two layers.
- the difference of x is 0.033.
- the buffer layer 41D has an n-type In 0.814 Ga 0.186 P layer 30d (eg, 1 ⁇ m thick), an n-type In 0.781 Ga 0.219 P layer 29d (eg, 0.25 ⁇ m thick), and an n-type In 0.748 Ga 0.252 on the bottom cell 40C.
- P layer 28d for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type In 0.715 Ga 0.285 P layer 27d for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type In 0.682 Ga 0.318 P layer 26d for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type In 0.649 Ga 0.351 P layer 25d for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type In 0.616 Ga 0.384 P layer 24d for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type In 0.583 Ga 0.417 P layer 23d for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type in 0.550 Ga 0.450 P layer 22 d thickness, for example, 0.25 [mu] m
- the n + -type in 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21d stacked in this order It has a structure.
- FIG. 12 shows a specific cross-sectional structure of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell of Example 5.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Example 5 has the same structure as that of Example 1 except for the buffer layer 41E, and was produced by the same method.
- the difference in Ga composition x between the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21e and the n-type In 0.530 Ga 0.470 P layer 22e of the buffer layer 41E is 0.040, and the Ga composition between the two adjacent InGaP layers is two layers.
- the difference of x is 0.033.
- the buffer layer 41E has an n-type In 0.794 Ga 0.206 P layer 30e (eg, 1 ⁇ m thick), an n-type In 0.761 Ga 0.239 P layer 29e (eg, 0.25 ⁇ m thick), and an n-type In 0.728 Ga 0.272 on the bottom cell 40C.
- P layer 28e for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type In 0.695 Ga 0.305 P layer 27e for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type In 0.662 Ga 0.338 P layer 26e for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type In 0.629 Ga 0.371 P layer 25e for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type In 0.596 Ga 0.404 P layer 24e for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type In 0.563 Ga 0.437 P layer 23e for example, thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
- n-type in 0.530 Ga 0.470 P layer 22e e.g. thickness 0.25 [mu] m
- the n + -type in 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 21e e.g. thickness 0.25 [mu] m
- It has a structure.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Comparative Example 3 has the same structure as that of Example 1 except for the buffer layer, and was produced by the same method. Note that the thickness of the buffer layer of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Comparative Example 3 is the same as the thickness of the buffer layer 41A of Example 1.
- two adjacent layers arranged in the position closest to the middle cell are an n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer and an n-type In 0.523 Ga 0.477 P layer.
- the difference in Ga composition x between the two InGaP layers was 0.033, and the difference in Ga composition x between two adjacent layers of the other InGaP layers was 0.033.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Comparative Example 4 also has the same structure as that of Example 1 except for the buffer layer, and was produced by the same method. Note that the thickness of the buffer layer of the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar battery of Comparative Example 4 is the same as the thickness of the buffer layer 41A of Example 1.
- the n + -type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer and the n-type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer which are adjacent two layers arranged at positions closest to the middle cell, are provided.
- the difference in Ga composition x between the two layers was 0.065, and the difference in Ga composition x between two adjacent layers of the other InGaP layers was 0.033.
- the metal layer 151 is formed between the bottom cell 40C and the support substrate 101, and the second electrode is formed on the back surface side of the support substrate 101, as in FIG. 102 may be formed.
- the multijunction compound semiconductor solar cells of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were evaluated.
- the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cells of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are all fabricated by reverse stacking. Referring to FIG. 2, the lattice matching from the GaAs substrate to the first cell 301 is performed. .
- a semiconductor layer 314 including a second cell 302 having a lattice constant different from that of the first cell 301 and a buffer layer 303 having a changed lattice constant greatly affects the characteristics of the multijunction compound semiconductor solar cell. Therefore, characteristics of the semiconductor layer 314 including the second cell 302 and the buffer layer 303 were evaluated.
- cross-sectional observation of the semiconductor layer 314 using a cross-sectional TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) image, in particular, cross-section observation of the second cell 302 was performed.
- TEM Transmission Electron Microscope
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an evaluation sample for a multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell.
- the evaluation sample was prepared by removing part of the top cell 40A to the second tunnel junction layer 50B by etching and forming an electrode layer 315 for characteristic evaluation.
- the semiconductor layer 30 in FIG. 13 is an n-type InGaP layer closest to the bottom cell 40 ⁇ / b> C of the buffer layer 41.
- an evaluation sample No. corresponding to the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cells of Examples 1 to 5 was used.
- Sample No. 1 for evaluation corresponding to the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cells of 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were used. 6 to 9 were prepared.
- FIG. 14 shows, as an example, an evaluation sample No. corresponding to the multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cell of Example 1 shown in FIG. 1 shows a specific cross-sectional structure of 1 (316A).
- evaluation sample No. Characteristic evaluations 1 to 9 were performed by measuring Voc (open voltage: unit V) of the semiconductor layer 314 using the second electrode 102 and the electrode layer 315 of the evaluation sample shown in FIG. The results are shown in Table 1.
- FIG. 15 shows a relationship between Eg (band gap energy; unit eV) of the photoelectric conversion layer of the bottom cell 40C and Voc of the bottom cell 40C.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 15 indicates Eg (eV), and the vertical axis indicates Voc.
- a straight line a having a slope in FIG. 15: Voc Eg ⁇ 0.4 shows the relationship between Eg and Voc when the crystallinity is assumed to be the best.
- Table 1 shows sample numbers for evaluation. 1 to 9 buffer layers adjacent to the middle cell 40B, the two layers adjacent to each other, and the other two adjacent layers between the two layers adjacent to each other, the difference in Ga composition x, the difference in lattice constant converted from the difference in Ga composition x [nm ],
- the first lattice constant difference ratio [%] represented by the following formula (i) the evaluation of the sectional state by the sectional TEM image of the bottom cell 40C, the second lattice constant difference ratio [%] represented by the following formula (ii),
- Voc of the semiconductor layer 314 in which the characteristics of the bottom cell 40C are shown.
- First lattice constant difference ratio (%) (100 ⁇ (a1 ⁇ a2)) / (a1) (i)
- a2 is a semiconductor layer disposed in the position closest to the middle cell 40B among the semiconductor layers constituting the buffer layer (in the example shown in FIG. 14, n + -type In 0.490 Ga).
- 0.510 P layer 21a) indicates the lattice constant
- a1 is a semiconductor layer adjacent to the semiconductor layer disposed closest to the middle cell 40B (in the example shown in FIG. 14, n + -type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P
- the lattice constant of the layer 22a) is shown.
- the lattice constant a1 and the lattice constant a2 were obtained by conversion from the composition ratio of the InGaP elements.
- the second lattice constant difference ratio [%] is represented by the following formula (ii).
- Second lattice constant difference ratio [%] (100 ⁇ (a3-a4)) / (a3) (ii)
- a3 is a semiconductor layer disposed in the position closest to the bottom cell 40C among the semiconductor layers constituting the buffer layer (in the example shown in FIG. 14, n-type In 0.799 Ga 0.201
- the lattice constant of the P layer 30a) is shown, and a4 shows the lattice constant (InGaAs lattice constant) of the photoelectric conversion layer of the bottom cell 40C.
- the lattice constant a3 and the lattice constant a4 are the values of the bottom cell 40C side (in the example shown in FIG. 14) in the state immediately after the epitaxial growth and before the support substrate 101 is attached and before the second electrode 102 is formed.
- it was obtained by an X-ray diffraction method in which X-rays were irradiated from the p-type InGaAs layer 35 side in the vertical direction of FIG.
- the cross-sectional state is the best
- B The cross-sectional state is good
- C The cross-sectional state is poor
- the second lattice constant difference ratio [%] is 0.12% or more and 0.80% or less
- Table 1 Sample No. for evaluation shown in FIG. From the evaluation results of 2 to 3, the cross-sectional state of the bottom cell 40C is best when the second lattice constant difference ratio [%] is preferably 0.15% or more and 0.74% or less.
- the evaluation sample nos when the difference in lattice constant between two adjacent layers on the side closest to the middle cell 40B among the semiconductor layers constituting the buffer layer 41 is 0.0015 nm or more and 0.0026 nm or less, the evaluation sample nos. As shown in the evaluation results of 4 to 5, when the thickness is preferably 0.00167 nm or more and 0.00251 nm or less, the cross-sectional state of the bottom cell 40C is considered to be the best.
- the buffer layer having a plurality of semiconductor layers there is a slight crystal growth that has shifted from two-dimensional growth to three-dimensional growth in addition to the phenomenon that dislocation occurs when the lattice constant difference between two adjacent layers exceeds a certain value. It is considered that this slight three-dimensional growth occurs in most of the two-dimensional growth, so that the strain is relaxed and the crystallinity is improved.
- the lattice constant difference between two adjacent layers is too large, the dislocation density increases, and the crystallinity deteriorates because each layer maintains the dislocation density. If it is too much, the nucleus of three-dimensional growth will not easily occur.
- the difference in lattice constant between two adjacent layers on the side closest to the middle cell 40B among the semiconductor layers constituting the buffer layer is 0.0015 nm to 0.0026 nm (preferably 0.00167 nm to 0
- the range of .00251 nm or less) is considered to be a range in which the above-described three-dimensional growth occurs, the strain is relaxed, and the crystallinity is improved.
- the crystallinity of the bottom cell 40C can be improved by forming a semiconductor layer with good crystallinity by laminating the above-described strain and stacking the semiconductor layer on the semiconductor layer.
- the position of two adjacent layers causing strain relaxation is closer to the middle cell 40B than the center in the thickness direction of the buffer layer.
- the position closest to the middle cell 40B is more preferable.
- One embodiment of the present invention can be widely applied to all multi-junction compound semiconductor solar cells.
- 21a n + type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer 22a n type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer, 23a n type In 0.568 Ga 0.432 P layer, 24a n type In 0.601 Ga 0.399 P layer, 25a n type In 0.634 Ga 0.366 P layer 26a n type In 0.667 Ga 0.333 P layer, 27a n type In 0.700 Ga 0.300 P layer, 28a n type In 0.733 Ga 0.267 P layer, 29a n type In 0.766 Ga 0.234 P layer, 30a n type In 0.799 Ga 0.201 P layer 21b n + type In 0.490 Ga 0.510 P layer, 22b n type In 0.535 Ga 0.465 P layer, 23b n type In 0.564 Ga 0.436 P layer, 24b n type In 0.593 Ga 0.407 P layer, 25b n type In 0.622 Ga 0.378 P Layer, 26b n-type In 0.651 Ga 0.349 P layer, 27b n
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
第2格子定数差比(%)=(100×(a3-a4))/(a3)
としたとき、第2格子定数差比が、0.12%以上0.8%以下であることが好ましい。
第2格子定数差比(%)=(100×(a3-a4))/(a3)
としたとき、第2格子定数差比が、0.12%以上0.8%以下であることが好ましい。
図3に、実施例1の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池の具体的な断面構造の一例を示す。図3に示す多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池は、受光面となる側から、トップセル40A(InGaP)と、ミドルセル40B(GaAs)と、ボトムセル40C(InGaAs)と、を含んでいる。ミドルセル40B(GaAs)の光電変換層60Bと、ボトムセル40C(InGaAs)の光電変換層60Cとは格子定数が異なっており、その格子定数差は約2%である。なお、ミドルセル40Bは第1セルに対応し、ボトムセル40Cは第2セルに対応する。
次に、バッファ層のミドルセルに最も近い側で隣接する2層であるn+型In0.490Ga0.510P層とn型In0.535Ga0.465P層とのGa組成xの差を0.045とした状態で、他のInGaP層の2層間のGa組成xの差を変更した検討を行った。良好な太陽電池特性を示した実施例2および実施例3と、それ以外の比較例1および比較例2と、について、以下に説明する。
図9に、実施例2の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池の具体的な断面構造を示す。図9に示す実施例2の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池は、バッファ層41Bのn+型In0.490Ga0.510P層21bとn型In0.535Ga0.465P層22bとのGa組成xの差は0.045であり、他のInGaP層の2層間のGa組成xの差は0.029であることを特徴としている。
図10に、実施例3の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池の具体的な断面構造を示す。実施例3の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池は、バッファ層41C以外は、実施例2と同様の構造であり、同様の方法で作製した。
比較例1の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池は、バッファ層以外は、実施例1と同様の構造であり、同様の方法で作製した。なお、比較例1の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池のバッファ層の厚みは実施例1のバッファ層41Aの厚みと同一である。
比較例2の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池も、バッファ層以外は、実施例1と同様の構造であり、同様の方法で作製した。なお、比較例1の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池のバッファ層の厚みは実施例1のバッファ層41Aの厚みと同一である。
次に、バッファ層のミドルセルに最も近い側で隣接する2層であるn+型In0.490Ga0.510P層とn型InGaP層とのGa組成xの差を変更し、他のInGaP層の2層間のGa組成xの差を0.033とした検討を行った。良好な太陽電池特性を示した実施例4および実施例5と、それ以外の比較例3および比較例4と、について、以下に説明する。
図11に、実施例4の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池の具体的な断面構造を示す。実施例4の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池は、バッファ層41D以外は、実施例1と同様の構造であり、同様の方法で作製した。
図12に、実施例5の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池の具体的な断面構造を示す。実施例5の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池は、バッファ層41E以外は、実施例1と同様の構造であり、同様の方法で作製した。
比較例3の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池は、バッファ層以外は、実施例1と同様の構造であり、同様の方法で作製した。なお、比較例3の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池のバッファ層の厚みは実施例1のバッファ層41Aの厚みと同一である。
比較例4の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池も、バッファ層以外は、実施例1と同様の構造であり、同様の方法で作製した。なお、比較例4の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池のバッファ層の厚みは実施例1のバッファ層41Aの厚みと同一である。
次に、実施例1~5および比較例1~4の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池の評価を行った。実施例1~5および比較例1~4の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池はいずれも逆積みで作製されており、図2を参照すると、GaAs基板から第1セル301までは格子整合している。第1セル301とは格子定数が異なる第2セル302と、格子定数を変化させたバッファ層303と、からなる半導体層314が、多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池の特性に大きく影響する。そのため、第2セル302とバッファ層303とからなる半導体層314の特性評価を行なった。また、断面TEM(Transmission Electron Microscope)像による半導体層314の断面観察、特に、第2セル302の断面観察を行なった。
第1格子定数差比(%)=(100×(a1-a2))/(a1) …(i)
上記の式(i)において、a2は、バッファ層を構成する半導体層のうち、ミドルセル40Bに最も近い位置に配置されている半導体層(図14に示す例であれば、n+型In0.490Ga0.510P層21a)の格子定数を示し、a1は、ミドルセル40Bに最も近い位置に配置されている半導体層に隣接する半導体層(図14に示す例であれば、n+型In0.535Ga0.465P層22a)の格子定数を示している。
第2格子定数差比[%]=(100×(a3-a4))/(a3) …(ii)
上記の式(ii)において、a3は、バッファ層を構成する半導体層のうち、ボトムセル40Cに最も近い位置に配置されている半導体層(図14に示す例であれば、n型In0.799Ga0.201P層30a)の格子定数を示し、a4はボトムセル40Cの光電変換層の格子定数(InGaAsの格子定数)を示す。
B・・・断面状態が良好
C・・・断面状態が不良
第2格子定数差比[%]が0.12%以上0.80%以下である場合、表1に示す評価用サンプルNo.2~3の評価結果から、望ましくは第2格子定数差比[%]が0.15%以上0.74%以下である場合に、ボトムセル40Cの断面状態が最良になる。
Claims (8)
- 第1電極(128)と、第1セル(40A、40B)と、バッファ層(41)と、第2セル(40C)と、第2電極(102)と、を含み、
前記第1電極(128)は太陽光入射側に配置され、
前記第1セル(40A、40B)は、第1光電変換層(60A、60B)を含み、前記第2セル(40C)は、第2光電変換層(60C)を含み、前記第1光電変換層(60A、60B)の禁制帯幅と前記第2光電変換層(60C)の禁制帯幅とはそれぞれ異なっており、
前記第2セル(40C)の格子定数は、前記第1セル(40A、40B)の格子定数よりも大きく、
前記バッファ層(41)は、複数の半導体層から構成されており、
前記複数の半導体層は、それぞれ、前記第1セル(40A、40B)側から前記第2セル(40C)側にかけて格子定数が順に大きくなるように配置されており、
前記複数の半導体層のうち、前記第2セル(40C)に最も近い半導体層(30a)の格子定数は、前記第2セル(40C)の格子定数より大きく、
前記複数の半導体層のうち、隣接する2層の格子定数差が最も大きくなる2層(21a、22a)は、前記バッファ層(41)の厚さ方向の中央より前記第1セル(40A、40B)に近い側に位置している、多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池。 - 前記隣接する2層の半導体層の格子定数差が最も大きくなる2層(21a,22a)は、前記第1セル(40A,40B)に最も近い2層である、請求項1に記載の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池。
- 前記隣接する2層の半導体層の格子定数差が最も大きくなる2層(21a,22a)の、前記第2セル(40C)側の半導体層(22a)の格子定数をa1とし、前記第1セル(40A,40B)側の半導体層(21a)の格子定数をa2としたとき、
前記格子定数a1と、前記格子定数a2との格子定数差が、0.0015nm以上0.0026nm以下である、請求項1または2に記載の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池。 - 前記第2セル(40C)の第2光電変換層(60C)の格子定数をa4とし、前記第2セル(40C)に最も近い半導体層(30a)の格子定数をa3とし、
第2格子定数差比(%)=(100×(a3-a4))/(a3)
としたとき、
第2格子定数差比が、0.12%以上0.8%以下である、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池。 - 第1の禁制帯幅の第1光電変換層(60A、60B)を有する第1セル(40A、40B)と、
前記第1の禁制帯幅よりも小さい第2の禁制帯幅の第2光電変換層(60C)を有する第2セル(40C)と、
前記第1セル(40A、40B)と前記第2セル(40C)との間にあるバッファ層(41)と、
前記第1セル(40A、40B)側に配置された第1電極(128)と、
前記第2セル(40C)側に配置された第2電極(102)と、を含み、
前記第2セル(40C)の格子定数は、前記第1セル(40A、40B)の格子定数よりも大きく、
前記バッファ層(41)は、複数の半導体層から構成されており、
前記複数の半導体層は、それぞれ、前記第1セル(40A、40B)側から前記第2セル(41C)側にかけて格子定数が順に大きくなるように配置されており、
前記複数の半導体層のうち、前記第2セル(40C)に最も近い半導体層(30a)の格子定数は、前記第2セル(40C)の格子定数より大きく、
前記複数の半導体層のうち、隣接する2層の格子定数差が最も大きくなる2層(21a、22a)は、前記バッファ層(41)の厚さ方向の中央より前記第1セル(40A、40B)に近い側に位置している、多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池。 - 前記隣接する2層の半導体層の格子定数差が最も大きくなる2層(21a,22a)は、前記第1セル(40A,40B)に最も近い2層である、請求項5に記載の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池。
- 前記隣接する2層の半導体層の格子定数差が最も大きくなる2層(21a,22a)の、前記第2セル(40C)側の半導体層(22a)の格子定数をa1とし、前記第1セル(40A,40B)側の半導体層(21a)の格子定数をa2としたとき、
前記格子定数a1と、前記格子定数a2との格子定数差が、0.0015nm以上0.0026nm以下である、請求項5または6に記載の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池。 - 前記第2セル(40C)の第2光電変換層(60C)の格子定数をa4とし、前記第2セル(40C)に最も近い半導体層(30a)の格子定数をa3とし、
第2格子定数差比(%)=(100×(a3-a4))/(a3)
としたとき、
第2格子定数差比が、0.12%以上0.8%以下である、請求項5から7のいずれかに記載の多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201080064809.0A CN102782864B (zh) | 2009-12-25 | 2010-12-27 | 多结化合物半导体太阳能电池 |
EP10839606.0A EP2518776A4 (en) | 2009-12-25 | 2010-12-27 | SOLAR CELL WITH COMPOUND MULTI-FUNCTION SEMICONDUCTORS |
US13/518,563 US8933326B2 (en) | 2009-12-25 | 2010-12-27 | Multijunction compound semiconductor solar cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009-294377 | 2009-12-25 | ||
JP2009294377A JP5215284B2 (ja) | 2009-12-25 | 2009-12-25 | 多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011078378A1 true WO2011078378A1 (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
Family
ID=44195901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2010/073572 WO2011078378A1 (ja) | 2009-12-25 | 2010-12-27 | 多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8933326B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2518776A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5215284B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102782864B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011078378A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013047059A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | シャープ株式会社 | 化合物半導体太陽電池製造用積層体、化合物半導体太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
US20130081681A1 (en) * | 2011-10-03 | 2013-04-04 | Epistar Corporation | Photovoltaic device |
WO2013073275A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | シャープ株式会社 | 光電変換素子の製造方法、光電変換素子および光電変換素子モジュール |
JP2014523132A (ja) * | 2011-07-06 | 2014-09-08 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニヴァシティ オブ ミシガン | エピタキシャルリフトオフを使用した組み込まれた太陽光集光と冷間圧接接合された半導体太陽電池 |
WO2017057029A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-04-06 | シャープ株式会社 | 薄膜化合物太陽電池、薄膜化合物太陽電池の製造方法、薄膜化合物太陽電池アレイおよび薄膜化合物太陽電池アレイの製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8536445B2 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2013-09-17 | Emcore Solar Power, Inc. | Inverted metamorphic multijunction solar cells |
JP2013115414A (ja) * | 2011-12-01 | 2013-06-10 | Sharp Corp | 化合物半導体太陽電池セル |
US20150083204A1 (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2015-03-26 | Nanyang Technological University | Cell arrangement |
JP2014123712A (ja) | 2012-11-26 | 2014-07-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 太陽電池の製造方法 |
CN103000740B (zh) * | 2012-11-28 | 2015-09-09 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | GaAs/GaInP双结太阳能电池及其制作方法 |
ITMI20131297A1 (it) * | 2013-08-01 | 2015-02-02 | Cesi Ct Elettrotecnico Sperim Entale Italian | Cella fotovoltaica con banda proibita variabile |
EP2947702B1 (de) * | 2014-05-21 | 2019-03-20 | AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH | Solarzellenstapel |
JP6582591B2 (ja) | 2014-07-11 | 2019-10-02 | 株式会社リコー | 化合物半導体太陽電池、及び、化合物半導体太陽電池の製造方法 |
EP3018718A1 (de) * | 2014-11-10 | 2016-05-11 | AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH | Solarzellenstapel |
DE102015006379B4 (de) * | 2015-05-18 | 2022-03-17 | Azur Space Solar Power Gmbh | Skalierbare Spannungsquelle |
JP6702673B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-11 | 2020-06-03 | ソレアロ テクノロジーズ コーポレイション | 複数の変成層を備える反転変成多接合型ソーラーセル |
JPWO2017119235A1 (ja) * | 2016-01-06 | 2018-11-08 | シャープ株式会社 | Iii−v族化合物半導体太陽電池、iii−v族化合物半導体太陽電池の製造方法、および人工衛星 |
TWI780167B (zh) * | 2018-06-26 | 2022-10-11 | 晶元光電股份有限公司 | 半導體基底以及半導體元件 |
CN108963019B (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-04-17 | 扬州乾照光电有限公司 | 一种多结太阳能电池及其制作方法 |
DE102019000588A1 (de) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-07-30 | Azur Space Solar Power Gmbh | Stapelförmige Mehrfachsolarzelle |
CN113314622A (zh) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-27 | 晶澳(扬州)太阳能科技有限公司 | 太阳能电池及其制备方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007324563A (ja) | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-13 | Emcore Corp | 多接合太陽電池における変成層 |
JP2009141135A (ja) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-25 | Sharp Corp | 積層型化合物半導体太陽電池 |
WO2010090170A1 (ja) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-08-12 | シャープ株式会社 | 化合物半導体太陽電池および化合物半導体太陽電池の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63193546A (ja) | 1987-02-06 | 1988-08-10 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 複合半導体装置 |
JP3657143B2 (ja) | 1999-04-27 | 2005-06-08 | シャープ株式会社 | 太陽電池及びその製造方法 |
US6864414B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2005-03-08 | Emcore Corporation | Apparatus and method for integral bypass diode in solar cells |
JP2003218374A (ja) | 2002-01-23 | 2003-07-31 | Sharp Corp | Iii−v族太陽電池 |
WO2003073517A1 (en) | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-04 | Midwest Research Institute | Monolithic photovoltaic energy conversion device |
US8173891B2 (en) | 2002-05-21 | 2012-05-08 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Monolithic, multi-bandgap, tandem, ultra-thin, strain-counterbalanced, photovoltaic energy converters with optimal subcell bandgaps |
US20060048700A1 (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2006-03-09 | Wanlass Mark W | Method for achieving device-quality, lattice-mismatched, heteroepitaxial active layers |
US7122734B2 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2006-10-17 | The Boeing Company | Isoelectronic surfactant suppression of threading dislocations in metamorphic epitaxial layers |
JP2004296658A (ja) | 2003-03-26 | 2004-10-21 | Sharp Corp | 多接合太陽電池およびその電流整合方法 |
US7488890B2 (en) | 2003-04-21 | 2009-02-10 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Compound solar battery and manufacturing method thereof |
US8227689B2 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2012-07-24 | The Boeing Company | Solar cells having a transparent composition-graded buffer layer |
JP4518886B2 (ja) | 2004-09-09 | 2010-08-04 | シャープ株式会社 | 半導体素子の製造方法 |
JP2006080448A (ja) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-23 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | エピタキシャルウェハおよび素子 |
US20060180198A1 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-17 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Solar cell, solar cell string and method of manufacturing solar cell string |
JP4974545B2 (ja) | 2006-02-24 | 2012-07-11 | シャープ株式会社 | 太陽電池ストリングの製造方法 |
US20090078309A1 (en) | 2007-09-24 | 2009-03-26 | Emcore Corporation | Barrier Layers In Inverted Metamorphic Multijunction Solar Cells |
US20090078308A1 (en) | 2007-09-24 | 2009-03-26 | Emcore Corporation | Thin Inverted Metamorphic Multijunction Solar Cells with Rigid Support |
US20090078310A1 (en) | 2007-09-24 | 2009-03-26 | Emcore Corporation | Heterojunction Subcells In Inverted Metamorphic Multijunction Solar Cells |
TWI349371B (en) | 2007-02-13 | 2011-09-21 | Epistar Corp | An optoelectronical semiconductor device having a bonding structure |
US20090078311A1 (en) | 2007-09-24 | 2009-03-26 | Emcore Corporation | Surfactant Assisted Growth in Barrier Layers In Inverted Metamorphic Multijunction Solar Cells |
-
2009
- 2009-12-25 JP JP2009294377A patent/JP5215284B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-12-27 WO PCT/JP2010/073572 patent/WO2011078378A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-12-27 EP EP10839606.0A patent/EP2518776A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-12-27 CN CN201080064809.0A patent/CN102782864B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-27 US US13/518,563 patent/US8933326B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007324563A (ja) | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-13 | Emcore Corp | 多接合太陽電池における変成層 |
JP2009141135A (ja) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-25 | Sharp Corp | 積層型化合物半導体太陽電池 |
WO2010090170A1 (ja) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-08-12 | シャープ株式会社 | 化合物半導体太陽電池および化合物半導体太陽電池の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
J. F. GEISZ ET AL.: "Inverted GaInP/(In)GaAs/InGaAs triple-junction solar cells with low-stress metamorphic bottom junction", 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, 11 May 2008 (2008-05-11) |
J.F.GEISZ ET AL.: "High-efficiency GaInP/GaAs/ InGaAs triple-junction solar cells grown inverted with a metamorphic bottom junction", APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 91, no. 2, 2007, pages 023502, XP012100103 * |
J.F.GEISZ ET AL.: "Inverted GaInP/(In)GaAs/ InGaAs triple-junction solar cells with low- stress metamorphic bottom junction", 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, 11 May 2008 (2008-05-11) - 16 May 2008 (2008-05-16) * |
M.W.WANLASS ET AL.: "LATTICE-MISMATCHED APPROACHES FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE, III-V PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERTERS", CONF. REC. IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPEC. CONF., 2005, vol. 31, 2005, pages 530 - 535, XP010822764 * |
See also references of EP2518776A4 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014523132A (ja) * | 2011-07-06 | 2014-09-08 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニヴァシティ オブ ミシガン | エピタキシャルリフトオフを使用した組み込まれた太陽光集光と冷間圧接接合された半導体太陽電池 |
WO2013047059A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | シャープ株式会社 | 化合物半導体太陽電池製造用積層体、化合物半導体太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
JP2013077724A (ja) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-25 | Sharp Corp | 化合物半導体太陽電池製造用積層体、化合物半導体太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
US20140246082A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-09-04 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Stacked body for manufacturing compound semiconductor solar battery, compound semiconductor solar battery, and method for manufacturing compound semiconductor solar battery |
US20130081681A1 (en) * | 2011-10-03 | 2013-04-04 | Epistar Corporation | Photovoltaic device |
WO2013073275A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | シャープ株式会社 | 光電変換素子の製造方法、光電変換素子および光電変換素子モジュール |
WO2017057029A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-04-06 | シャープ株式会社 | 薄膜化合物太陽電池、薄膜化合物太陽電池の製造方法、薄膜化合物太陽電池アレイおよび薄膜化合物太陽電池アレイの製造方法 |
JPWO2017057029A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-07-19 | シャープ株式会社 | 薄膜化合物太陽電池、薄膜化合物太陽電池の製造方法、薄膜化合物太陽電池アレイおよび薄膜化合物太陽電池アレイの製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2518776A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
EP2518776A4 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
US20120247547A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
JP5215284B2 (ja) | 2013-06-19 |
CN102782864A (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
CN102782864B (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
JP2011134952A (ja) | 2011-07-07 |
US8933326B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2011078378A1 (ja) | 多接合型化合物半導体太陽電池 | |
US10680126B2 (en) | Photovoltaics on silicon | |
JP5425480B2 (ja) | 倒置型メタモルフィック多接合ソーラーセルにおけるヘテロ接合サブセル | |
JP5570736B2 (ja) | 化合物半導体太陽電池の製造方法 | |
TWI600173B (zh) | 在中間電池中具有低能隙吸收層之多接面太陽能電池及其製造方法 | |
JP3657143B2 (ja) | 太陽電池及びその製造方法 | |
TWI594449B (zh) | 具有二變質層的四接點反向變質多接點太陽能電池 | |
US20130133730A1 (en) | Thin film inp-based solar cells using epitaxial lift-off | |
US20140090700A1 (en) | High-concentration multi-junction solar cell and method for fabricating same | |
US9035367B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing inverted metamorphic multijunction solar cells | |
JP2019515510A (ja) | 金属ディスク・アレイを備えた積層型太陽電池 | |
CN108878550B (zh) | 多结太阳能电池及其制备方法 | |
TWI496314B (zh) | Compound semiconductor solar cell manufacturing laminated body, compound semiconductor solar cell and manufacturing method thereof | |
CN110707172B (zh) | 一种具有布拉格反射层的多结太阳电池及制作方法 | |
JP5634955B2 (ja) | Iii−v族化合物半導体膜の製造方法および化合物半導体太陽電池の製造方法 | |
JP2005347402A (ja) | 裏面反射型化合物半導体太陽電池およびその製造方法 | |
JPWO2017119235A1 (ja) | Iii−v族化合物半導体太陽電池、iii−v族化合物半導体太陽電池の製造方法、および人工衛星 | |
US20150040972A1 (en) | Inverted metamorphic multijunction solar cell with surface passivation of the contact layer | |
JP5980826B2 (ja) | 化合物半導体太陽電池および化合物半導体太陽電池の製造方法 | |
JP2013115415A (ja) | 化合物半導体太陽電池 | |
JP2014086654A (ja) | 化合物半導体太陽電池および化合物半導体太陽電池の製造方法 | |
US20150034151A1 (en) | Inverted metamorphic multijunction solar cell with passivation in the window layer | |
JP2013093358A (ja) | 化合物半導体太陽電池 | |
JP2013175632A (ja) | 化合物半導体太陽電池 | |
JP2013197353A (ja) | 化合物半導体太陽電池および化合物半導体太陽電池の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201080064809.0 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10839606 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13518563 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2010839606 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010839606 Country of ref document: EP |