Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
  • C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
  • C08F290/04—Polymers provided for in subclasses C08C or C08F
  • C08F290/042—Polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
  • C08L23/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms having four to nine carbon atoms
  • C08L23/22—Copolymers of isobutene; Butyl rubber; Homopolymers or copolymers of other iso-olefins
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J121/00—Adhesives based on unspecified rubbers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J123/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C09J123/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
  • C09J123/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms having four to nine carbon atoms
  • C09J123/22—Copolymers of isobutene; Butyl rubber ; Homo- or copolymers of other iso-olefines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
  • C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
  • C09J7/24—Plastics; Metallised plastics based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C09J7/241—Polyolefin, e.g.rubber
  • C09J7/243—Ethylene or propylene polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
  • C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
  • C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
  • C09J7/381—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA] based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C09J7/385—Acrylic polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/26—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
  • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
  • C08L2666/04—Macromolecular compounds according to groups C08L7/00 - C08L49/00, or C08L55/00 - C08L57/00; Derivatives thereof
  • C08L2666/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated hydrocarbons; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
  • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
  • C08L2666/04—Macromolecular compounds according to groups C08L7/00 - C08L49/00, or C08L55/00 - C08L57/00; Derivatives thereof
  • C08L2666/08—Homopolymers or copolymers according to C08L7/00 - C08L21/00; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L55/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers, obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in groups C08L23/00 - C08L53/00
  • C08L55/005—Homopolymers or copolymers obtained by polymerisation of macromolecular compounds terminated by a carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
  • C09J2301/312—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier parameters being the characterizing feature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2421/00—Presence of unspecified rubber
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2423/00—Presence of polyolefin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
  • Y10T428/2852—Adhesive compositions
  • Y10T428/2878—Adhesive compositions including addition polymer from unsaturated monomer

Definitions

• PSAs Pressure sensitive adhesives
• thermoplastic vulcanizates In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of plastics, vulcanized rubbers, and thermoplastic vulcanizates ("TPV”) in the automotive, appliance and electronics markets. Generally, these materials combine the desirable characteristics of vulcanized rubber with the processing ease of thermoplastics.
• TSV thermoplastic vulcanizates
• bonding to these and other low surface energy substrates currently requires priming the substrate surface prior to bonding with a pressure sensitive adhesive (“PSA”). The priming process can be expensive and labor intensive, and may present environmental concerns.
• a pressure sensitive adhesive composition comprising unfunctionalized (e.g. polyisobutylene) synthetic rubber and an acrylic polymer having functionalized polyisobutylene polymer bonded to the acrylic polymer.
• the functionalized polyisobutylene polymer has a first functional group hydrogen bonded with a second functional group present in the acrylic polymer backbone.
• the functionalized polyisobutylene polymer is covalently bonded to the acrylic polymer backbone.
• a pressure sensitive adhesive coated article such as a tape.
• the article comprises a substrate and the pressure sensitive adhesive describe herein coated on at least one surface of the substrate.
• a method of bonding comprising providing a substrate, applying the pressure sensitive adhesive described herein on a surface of the substrate, and contacting the pressure sensitive adhesive with another substrate.
• a method of making a pressure sensitive adhesive is described. The method comprises blending an unfunctionalized synthetic rubber and an acrylic polymer having functionalized polyisobutylene polymer bonded to the acrylic polymer.
• the functionalized polyisobutylene is typically a relatively low molecular weight liquid polymer, having a number average molecular weight of less than 10,000 g/mole.
• the unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber is typically a relatively high molecular weight polymer, having a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 75,000 g/mole to 4,000,000 g/mole.
• Figure 1 is a microscopic (10X) image of a blend of unfunctionalized polyisobutylene totaling 50 wt-% and 50 wt-% acrylic polymer.
• Figure 2 is a microscopic (10X) image of a blend of functionalized and unfunctionalized polyisobutylene totaling 50 wt-% and 50 wt-% acrylic polymer.
• Figure 3 is a microscopic (20X) image of a blend of functionalized and unfunctionalized polyisobutylene totaling 75 wt-% and 25 wt-% acrylic polymer.
• Figure 4 is a microscopic (20X) image of a blend of functionalized and unfunctionalized polyisobutylene totaling 50 wt-% and 50 wt-% acrylic polymer.
• Figure 5 is a microscopic (20X) image of a blend of functionalized and unfunctionalized polyisobutylene totaling 25 wt-% and 75 wt-% acrylic polymer.
• pressure-sensitive adhesive refers to adhesive compositions that have (1) aggressive and persistent tack, (2) adherence with no more than finger pressure, (3) sufficient ability to hold onto an adherend, and (4) sufficient cohesive strength to be cleanly removable from the adherend.
• the pressure sensitive adhesive composition described herein comprises at least one polyisobutylene having a first functional group, also referred to herein as the
• polyisobutylene is typically a (e.g. terminal) group that can hydrogen bond or covalently bond to (e.g. pendant carboxylic acid groups of) of backbone of an acrylic polymer or a functional group appended to the (e.g. backbone) of the acrylic polymer.
• the functionalized polyisobutylene is a functionalized homopolymer of isobutylene.
• the functionalized polyisobutylene is a copolymer comprising isobutylene repeat units and a small amount of units derived from another monomer such as, for example, styrene, isoprene, butene, or butadiene.
• These copolymers are typically prepared from a monomer mixture that includes at least 70 weight percent, at least 75 weight percent, at least 80 weight percent, at least 85 weight percent, at least 90 weight percent, or at least 95 weight percent isobutylene based on the weight of monomers in the monomer mixture.
• At least 70 weight percent, at least 75 weight percent, at least 80 weight percent, at least 85 weight percent, or at least 90 weight percent of the polyisobutylene copolymer is formed from isobutylene repeat units.
• Exemplary copolymers include isobutylene copolymerized with isoprene.
• the functionalized polyisobutylene is typically a liquid polymer having a relatively low to intermediate number average (M n ) molecular weight.
• M n is typically at least 500 g/mole, 750 g/mole, or about 1,000 g/mole.
• the M n of the functionalized polyisobutylene is no greater than 25,000 g/mole, or 10,000 g/mole, or 5,000 g/mole.
• the functionalized polyisobutylene typically has a glass transition temperature of no greater than about -30°C or less, no greater than about -50°C, or no greater than about -70°C, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
• the functional group of the functionalized PIB can be any functional group that forms a hydrogen bond or covalent bond with (e.g. pendant carboxylic acid groups of) the backbone of an acrylic polymer or a functional group appended to the (e.g. backbone) of the acrylic polymer.
• the first functional group and second functional group form a hydrogen bond.
• the predominant bond between the functional group of the polyisobutylene and the acrylic polymer is a hydrogen bond.
• such functional groups do not form a covalent bond.
• a hydrogen bond is an attractive force, or bridge, occurring in polar compounds in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule or functional group is attracted to unshared electrons of another.
• the hydrogen atom is the positive end of one polar molecule or functional group (otherwise known as a hydrogen bond donor) and forms a linkage with the electronegative end of another molecule or functional group (otherwise known as a hydrogen bond acceptor).
• Functional groups that have non-polar covalent bonds do not form hydrogen bonds.
• Common hydrogen-bond donors include carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, phosphoric acid esters, sulfonic acids, sulfuric acids, alcohols, and phenols.
• Common hydrogen-bond acceptors include nitrogen containing groups such as amines, amides, imines, imides, nitriles and ureas as well as aromatic nitrogen-based functional groups such as pyridines, imidazoles, etc.
• Other hydrogen-bond acceptors include carboxylate groups (carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester), phosphonates, sulfoxides, sulfones, and carbamates.
• the acrylic polymer has carboxylic acid functionality and the functionalized PIB has a functional (e.g. terminal) group that hydrogen bonds with the carboxylic acid group of the acrylic polymer.
• the functional group of the functionalized PIB is not acrylate, methacrylate, or any other functional group that covalently bonds with a (meth)acrylate group via free radical polymerization. This approach can be preferred since it can utilize commercially available functionalized PIB having a terminal nitrogen-containing group such as an amine or imide.
• PIB materials are commercially available.
• polyisobutene succinimide is available from BASF under the trade designation "Kerocom® PIBSI”.
• An anhydride-terminated polyisobutylene (M n ) of about 1,000 grams/mole) is available from BASF under the trade designation "Glissopal SA”.
• the commercially available functionalized PIB materials are suitable for the formation of hydrogen bonds wherein the carboxylic acid group is the proton donor (i.e. H-bond donor) and the nitrogen-containing group (i.e. amine or imide) is the proton acceptor (i.e. H-bond acceptor).
• the carboxylic acid group is the proton donor (i.e. H-bond donor) and the nitrogen-containing group (i.e. amine or imide) is the proton acceptor (i.e. H-bond acceptor).
• the functionalized PIB may have a (e.g. terminal) carboxylic acid group, provided that the carboxylic acid groups of the acrylic polymer are pre-reacted to convert these groups to a functional group that will then in turn form a hydrogen bond with the carboxylic acid groups of the PIB.
• polyisobutyleneamine e.g. Kerocom ® PIBA03
• anhydride such as succinic anhydride or glutaric anhydride
• a carboxylic acid- functionalized PIB could also be prepared by reaction of anhydride-terminated polyisobutylene (e.g. Glissopal SA) with an alcohol (such as 1-octanol) to provide a PIB chain terminated with an ester and a carboxylic acid.
• anhydride-terminated polyisobutylene e.g. Glissopal SA
• an alcohol such as 1-octanol
• Amine-functionalized acrylic polymers can be prepared by copolymerization of at least one amino comonomer with alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers.
• Suitable amino comonomers are oleiTnically unsaturated, polymerizable compounds that contain at least one primary or secondary amino group, e.g. amino methacrylates such as tert- butylaminoethyl methacrylate or meta-isopropenyl- , -dimethylbenzylamine.
• Amino groups can also be obtained by the reaction of acid polymers with aziridines such as ethylene imine as well as other techniques known for adding amine functionality to polymers.
• N,N- dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide DMAPMAm
• DMAPPMAm N,N-diethylaminopropyl methacrylamide
• DAEA N,N-diethylaminoethyl acrylate
• DEAEA diethylaminoethyl acrylate
• DMAPA N,N-diethylaminopropyl acrylate
• DEPA ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
• DMAEMA ⁇ , ⁇ -diethylaminoethyl methacrylate
• DMAEMA N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylamide
• DMAEMAm N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylamide
• DMAEMAm N,N-diethylaminoethyl acrylamide
• tertiary amino-functionalized styrene e.g., 4-(N,N- dimethylamino)-styrene (DMAS), 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-styrene (DEAS)
• DMAS 4-(N,N- dimethylamino)-styrene
• DMS 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-styrene
• hydroxy- functionalized PIBs can be prepared by various methods as known in the art.
• hydroxy- functionalized PIBs could also be synthesized by reacting anhydride-terminated polyisobutylene (e.g. Glissopal SA) with amino alcohols or diols, or by reacting poly-isobutyleneamine (e.g. Kerocom PIBA03) with 2-chloroethanol or epoxides.
• Pyridine-functionalized PIB-based materials can be synthesized by reacting an amino or hydroxy-bearing pyridine compound with a polyisobutylene (e.g. succinic) anhydride (e.g. Glissopal ® SA).
• poly-isobutyleneamine e.g. Kerocom ® PIBA03
• 3-(chloromethyl)pyridine e.g. 3-(chloromethyl)pyridine
• Carbamate-functionalized PIB could be obtained by reacting poly- isobutyleneamine (e.g. Kerocom ® PIBA03) with isocyanate electrophiles.
• the first functional group of the functionalized PIB and second functional group of the acrylic polymer form a covalent bond.
• the first functional group of the functionalized PIB can be any functional group that forms a covalent bond with the backbone of an acrylic polymer.
• the first functional group of the functionalized PIB is a polymerizable (meth)acrylate functionality that can be copolymerized with typical alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers.
• amine- or alcohol- functionalized PIB materials could be reacted with (meth)acrylate polymers that comprise activated ester-type functional groups.
• activated esters include anhydrides, N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, pentafluorophenyl esters, and acid chlorides.
• an acrylate polymer containing N-hydroxysuccinimide ester functional groups can be prepared by using acrylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester as an acrylate monomer.
• carboxylic acid residues in the (meth)acrylate polymer could be converted to activated esters by common methods known to those skilled in the art.
• Another route to making covalently bonded PIB-acrylate materials would be to react amine- or alcohol-functionalized PIB materials with (meth)acrylate polymers that contained azlactone rings.
• (Meth)acrylate polymers that bear azlactone rings can be prepared by using 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone as a comonomer.
• a suitable amine-functionalized PIB material is Kerocom ® PIBA03.
• Yet another strategy to make covalently bonded PIB-(meth)acrylate materials is to react amine- or hydroxy-functionalized PIB-materials with an isocyanate-functionalized (meth)acrylate polymer.
• Such (meth)acrylate polymers can be prepared by using 2- isocyanatoethyl methacrylate as a comonomer.
• first and second reacting functional groups can be reversed.
• amine- or hydroxy-functionalized (meth)acrylate polymers can be reacted with a PIB polymer that is functionalized with an activated ester.
• (meth)acrylate polymers can be prepared by using an amine-functionalized (meth)acrylate monomer (see above) as a comonomer.
• Alcohol-functionalized (meth)acrylate polymers can be prepared, for example, by using 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as a comonomer in the preparation of the (meth)acrylate polymer.
• a suitable reaction partner for amine- or alcohol-functionalized (meth)acrylate polymers would be an anhydride-functionalized PIB material such as Glissopal ® SA.
• Methacrylate- and acrylate-functionalized PIB can be synthesized as known in the art. See for example WO2008/066914/US Patent No. 5,171,760, and "Sytheses and Characterization of Polyisobutylene Macromonomer with Methacrylate, Acrylate,
• the presence and concentration of functional groups within a functionalized PIB material can be determined by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.
• the functionalized PIB material comprises at least 3 mol-% of functional groups.
• the concentration of functional groups is generally no greater than 10 mol-%.
• the amount of functionalized PIB material in the pressure sensitive adhesive composition can vary depending on the desired end use of the adhesive composition.
• the concentration of functionalized PIB material is at least 2 wt-%, or 5 wt-%, or 10 wt-% in order to improve adhesion with low surface energy substrates such as those prepared from polyolefins.
• the concentration of functionalized PIB material is typically no greater than 40 wt-%.
• the pressure sensitive adhesive composition is also intended for use with higher surface energy substrates, the
• concentration of functionalized PIB material is typically 5 wt-% to 30 wt-%, when utilizing a functionalized PIB material having a relatively low molecular weight (e.g. M n less than 10,000 g/mole).
• the functionalized PIB material is surmised to compatibilize the relatively high molecular weight PIB material with the acrylic polymer material.
• the weight ratio of functionalized PIB material to unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber material can range from about 1 : 1 to about 1 :3.
• the pressure sensitive adhesive composition described herein further comprises at least one acrylic polymer.
• the acrylic polymer generally comprises the reaction product of at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate and at least one comonomer, most commonly a carboxylic acid, that provides functional groups along the backbone of the acrylic polymer.
• the acrylic copolymer of the adhesive composition comprises at least about 70 wt-%, in some embodiments, at least about 80 wt-%, at least about 90 wt-%), at least about 95 wt-%, or even about 98 wt-% of at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate.
• the alkyl (meth)acrylate contains 4 to 20 carbon atoms, e.g., 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
• Exemplary alkyl (meth)acrylates include isooctyl acrylate (IOA), 2- octyl acrylate (2-OA), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), butyl acrylate (BA), isobornyl acrylate (IBA), and combinations thereof.
• the acrylic copolymer utilized in the PSA comprises at least two of such alkyl (meth)acrylates, such as isooctyl acrylate and isobornyl acrylate.
• acrylic adhesive composition comprises no greater than 10 parts of comonomer, such as carboxylic acid. Since, in some embodiments, the comonomer provides the functional groups that compliment the functionality of the PIB, the concentration of comonomer is typically at least 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 wt-%. Exemplary comonomers include carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. In some embodiments, a comonomer (e.g. (meth)acrylate acid) concentration of 5 wt-% to 10 wt-% or 15 wt-% provides increased cohesive strength, as evident by the shear values.
• comonomer such as carboxylic acid. Since, in some embodiments, the comonomer provides the functional groups that compliment the functionality of the PIB, the concentration of comonomer is typically at least 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 wt-%. Exemplary comonomers include carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. In some embodiment
• the amount of acrylic polymer in the pressure sensitive adhesive composition can vary depending on the desired end use of the adhesive composition. Typically, however, the concentration of acrylic polymer is at least 20 wt-%> or 25-wt-%>. The concentration of acrylic polymer may range up to 75 wt-%> or 80 wt-%>. Particularly when the pressure sensitive adhesive composition is also intended for use with both low and higher surface energy substrates, the concentration of acrylic polymer typically ranges from 30 wt-% to 70 wt-%, 35 wt-% to 65 wt-%, or 40 wt-% to 60 wt-%. With reference to Figures 3-5, as the weight ratio of acrylic polymer to total PIB polymer (i.e. the total amount of both functionalized and unfunctionalized PIB approaches 1 :1, the blend can have a
• the alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer(s) and functionalizing comonomer(s) are prepolymerized into an acrylic polymer and then combined with the functionalized PIB.
• the alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer(s) and functionalizing comonomer(s) are combined with the functionalized PIB and then the monomers are polymerized.
• the alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers and functionalized PIB can be polymerized by use of a thermal initiator or photoinitiator.
• the thermal initiator is often a peroxide, hydroperoxide, or azo compound.
• the alkyl(meth)acrylate monomers can be polymerized using ultraviolet radiation by use of an alpha-cleavage type photoinitiator including but not limited to benzoin or benzoin alkyl ethers. Either method of preparation results in a composition comprising a blend of functionalized PIB and acrylic polymer wherein the functionalized PIB is hydrogen- or covalently bonded to the functional groups along the backbone of the acrylic polymer.
• the adhesive may comprise solely the functionalized PIB hydrogen- or covalently bonded to the acrylic polymer and the unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber, in the absence of crosslinker or any other optional components.
• the adhesives of the present disclosure may be crosslinked to improve their mechanical properties.
• chemical crosslinking is preferred to improve the cohesive strength (as indicated by the static shear) of the pressure sensitive adhesive.
• the adhesive may comprise a chemical crosslinker that is suitable for crosslinking the (e.g. carboxylic acid) functional groups of the acrylic polymer with each other or functional groups of the acrylic polymer with functional groups of the functionalized PIB.
• Suitable crosslinkers are known in the art such as aziridine or bisaziridine crosslinkers.
• One suitable bisaziridine crosslinker is prepared as described in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/158,485, filed March 9, 2009 ( Peiwang Zhu et al. AZIRIDINE CROSSLINKING AGENTS FOR ACRYLIC ADHESIVES).
• the reaction product of the functionalized PIB and the acrylic polymer can be represented as follows:
• the concentration of chemical crosslinker in the pressure sensitive adhesive composition is typically at least 0.025 wt-% and no greater than 2 wt-%.
• the adhesive further comprises at least one unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber material.
• the unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber material typically has substantially higher molecular weight than the functionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber material.
• the weight average molecular weight (M w ) of the unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber material is at least 75,000 grams per mole, at least 100,000 grams per mole, at least 250,000 grams per mole, at least 500,000 grams per mole, or even at least 1,000,000 grams per mole.
• the weight average molecular weight is typically no greater than 4,000,000 g/mole.
• the unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber material can be a homopolymer, copolymer, or a mixture thereof. Copolymers can be random or block copolymers. Block copolymers can include the polyisobutylene sections in the main backbone, in a side chain, or in both the main backbone and a side chain of the polymeric material.
• polyisobutylene material is typically prepared by polymerizing isobutylene alone or by polymerizing isobutylene plus additional ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a Lewis Acid- catalyst such as aluminum chloride, boron trichloride (with titanium tetrachloride as a cocatalyst), or boron trifluoride.
• a Lewis Acid- catalyst such as aluminum chloride, boron trichloride (with titanium tetrachloride as a cocatalyst), or boron trifluoride.
• Unfunctionalized polyisobutylene materials are commercially available from several manufacturers. Homopolymers are commercially available, for example, under the trade designation OPPANOL (e.g., OPPANOL BIO, B15, B30, B50, B100, B150, and B200) from BASF Corp. (Florham Park, NJ).
• M w weight average molecular weight
• SDG United Chemical Products
• EFROLEN viscosity average molecular weight
• Homopolymers commercially available from UCP under the trade designation JHY have a viscosity average molecular weight in the range of about 3000 to about 55,000 grams per mole. These homopolymers typically do not have reactive double bonds. It is appreciated that the unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber may have a very small concentration of reactive double bonds or other functional groups that are residual to the polymerization thereof.
• the unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber may have a very small concentration of reactive double bonds or other functional groups that are residual to the polymerization thereof.
• concentration of such reactive double bonds or other functional groups is typically less than 5, 4, 3, or 2 mol%.
• Such olefinic unsaturations are generally non-polar and thus not suitable functional groups for the formation of hydrogen bonds.
• unsaturations are also typically not suitable functional groups for formation of covalent bonds via free-radical polymerization.
• the concentration of unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber material in the pressure sensitive adhesive composition is typically at least 5 wt-%, 10 wt-%, or 15 wt-% and no greater than 40 wt-% or 50 wt-%.
• the concentration range of the unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber is based on the unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber having a molecular weight of about 500,000 g/mole.
• the adhesive comprises the functionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber hydrogen or covalently bonded to the acrylic polymer, crosslinker, and both a high molecular weight unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber and low molecular weight unfunctionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber.
• the low molecular weight (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber materials are liquids at room temperature and can function as a plasticizer with a variety of elastomeric materials.
• such polyisobutylene materials have a number average molecular weight of no greater than 10,000 g/mole, e.g., no greater than 5,000 g/mole, or even no greater than 2,000 g/mole.
• the number average molecular weight is typically at least about 500 g/mole or 1000 g/mole.
• the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight is typically in the range of about 1.6 to 2.0.
• GLISSOPAL commercially available under the trade designation GLISSOPAL (e.g., GLISSOPAL 1000, 1300, and 2300) from BASF Corp. (Florham Park, NJ). These polyisobutylene materials usually have terminal double bonds and are considered to be reactive polyisobutylene materials.
• the concentration of unfunctionalized low molecular weight polyisobutylene (e.g. PIB) material in the pressure sensitive adhesive composition is typically at least 5 wt-%, 10 wt-%, or 20 wt-% and no greater than 30 wt-%.
• the adhesive may comprise the functionalized (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber hydrogen bonded to the acrylic polymer, crosslinker, unfunctionalized high molecular weight (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber materials, in the absence of any tackifier(s) or plasticizer(s).
• the adhesive comprises at least one tackifier(s), plasticizer(s), or mixtures thereof.
• the tackifier can have any suitable softening temperature or softening point.
• the softening temperature is often less than 200°C, less than 180°C, less than 160°C, less than 150°C, less than 125°C, or less than 120°C.
• the tackifier is often selected to have a softening point of at least 75°C.
• Such a softening point helps minimize separation of the tackifier from the rest of the adhesive composition when the adhesive composition is subjected to heat such as from an electronic device or component.
• the softening temperature is often selected to be at least 80°C, at least 85°C, at least 90°C, or at least 95°C. In applications that do not generate heat, however, the tackifier can have a softening point less than 75°C.
• Exemplary tackifiers include hydrocarbon resins and hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins, e.g., hydrogenated cycloaliphatic resins, hydrogenated aromatic resins, or combinations thereof.
• Suitable tackifiers are commercially available and include, e.g., those available under the trade designation ARKON (e.g., ARKON P or ARKON M) from Arakawa Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.
• ESCOREZ e.g., ESCOREZ 1315, 1310LC, 1304, 5300, 5320, 5340, 5380, 5400, 5415, 5600, 5615, 5637, and 5690
• REGALREZ e.g., REGALREZ 1085, 1094, 1126, 1139, 3102, and 6108 from Eastman Chemical, Kingsport, TN.
• the concentration of tackifier can vary depending on the intended adhesive composition. In some embodiments, the amount of tackifier is at least 10 wt-% or 20 wt- %. The maximum amount of tackifier is typically no greater than 40 wt-%, 50 wt-%, or 60 wt-%.
• additives can include, for example, initiators, ultraviolet absorbents
• antioxidants e.g., hindered phenol compounds, phosphoric esters, or derivatives thereof.
• Exemplary antioxidants include those available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals
• the adhesives of the present disclosure may be combined with a substrate to form any number of typical adhesive articles, e.g., single- and double-coated tapes, and laminating adhesives.
• laminating adhesives may comprise either a free film of adhesive or an adhesive film embedded with a support, e.g., a woven or non- woven scrim.
• Such products can be formed by applying (e.g., coating, casting, or extruding) the adhesive onto a release liner, and drying and/or curing the adhesive.
• the adhesives of the present disclosure may also be applied to one or both sides of a substrate to form a single- or double-coated tape.
• Any know substrate including single and multi-layer substrates comprising one or more of paper, polymeric film, and metal
• one or more layers of the substrate may be foam.
• one or both adhesive layers may be bonded directly to the substrate.
• one or both adhesive layers may be indirectly bonded to the substrate.
• one or more intermediate layers e.g., primer layers
• the adhesive is useful for bonding to a variety of metal and polymeric materials.
• Metals typically have a surface energy of at least about 500 dynes/cm.
• stainless steel is reported to have a surface energy of about 700-1100 dynes/cm.
• Inorganic oxides generally have a surface energy less than that of metals.
• glass is reported to have a surface energy of about 250-500 dynes/cm.
• the adhesive is particularly useful for bonding to various polymeric materials. Polymeric materials such as plastics generally have a surface energy of less than 100 dynes/cm, 75 dynes/cm, or 50 dynes/cm.
• polyester is reported to have surface energy of 43 dynes/cm; polycarbonate 42 dynes/cm; polyvinyl chloride 39 dynes/cm; and acrylic 38 dynes/cm.
• Even lower surface energy materials have a surface energy of less than 37 dynes/cm. These include for example polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, acetal, ethylene vinyl acetate, and
• polyethylene reported to have a surface energy of 31 dynes/cm.
• the pressure sensitive adhesive can exhibit various peel and shear properties, depending on the intended end use.
• the 90 degree peel to glass, stainless steel, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), or EPDM is at least 5 oz/inch (5 N/dm) for a temporary removable or low temperature PSA.
• the 90 degree peel to glass, stainless steel, HDPE, PP, or EPDM is typically 15-20 oz/inch (16 -22 N/dm).
• the 90 degree peel to glass, stainless steel, HDPE, or PP is at least 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90 oz/inch (55, 66, 77, 88 or 99 N/dm).
• the shear at room temperature (23°C) is at least 300 minutes, 500 minutes, or 800 minutes.
• the adhesive exhibits good adhesion to both high and low surface energy substrates.
• the 90 degree peel to glass or stainless steel is at least 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90 oz/inch (55, 66, 77, 88 or 99 N/dm) in combination with the 90 degree peel to PP being at least 30, 40, 50, or 60 oz/inch.
• the 90 degree peel to EPDM is typically at least 30, 40, or 50 oz/inch; whereas the 90 degree peel to HDPP is at least 30, 40, or 50 oz/inch.
• the shear at room temperature (23°C) or 70°C is at least 2,000 minutes; 4,000 minutes; 8,000 minutes; or 10,000 minutes.
• test panels were cleaned with a 1 : 1 isopropyl alcohol/ water mixture and thoroughly dried prior to use.
• the peel tests were performed after a 15 min dwell time in a controlled environment room on the test panel, unless otherwise stated.
• the average peel adhesion force required to remove the tape from the panel was measured in ounces and is expressed in Oz/inch, based on 2 test samples.
• Static Shear Strength at 23°C/50 % Relative Humidity Evaluation of static shear strength was performed as described in the ASTM International standard, D3654, Procedure A, with a 1.3 cm x 2.5 cm (1/2 in. x 1 in.) test specimen and a 1000 g load. The test panels were stainless steel ("SS"). Time to failure in minutes was recorded. If no failure was observed after 10,000 minutes, the test was stopped and a value of >10,000 minutes was recorded.
• Static Shear Strength at 70°C Evaluation of static shear strength was performed as described in the ASTM International standard, D3654, Procedure A, with a 1.3 cm x 2.5 cm (1/2 in. x 1 in.) test specimen and a 500 g load. The test panels were stainless steel ("SS"). Time to failure in minutes was recorded. If no failure was observed after 10,000 minutes, the test was stopped and a value of >10,000 minutes was recorded.
• Adhesive compositions further comprising unfunctionalized PIB were prepared according to the following procedure: Kerocom ® PIBA03 was added to a glass vial. Next, the isooctyl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer solution (e.g.
• Example 1 the morphology of the compositions of Control B and Example 1 were examined via microscopy (10X).
• the adhesive of Example 1 comprising the functionalized PIB (e.g. PIBA03) bonded to the acrylic polymer, exhibits a more uniformly dispersed phase domain than Figure 1 , the adhesive of Control B lacking the functionalized PIB.
• the dispersion uniformity of the phase domain is surmised to closely relate to the adhesion properties.
• Control B exhibits lower peel adhesion to low surface energy substrates such as PP and EPDM.
• Such results are comparable to Control A, a pure Acrylic-PSA.
• Examples 1 and 2 exhibit more homogeneous phases and smaller phase domains.
• the presence of the functionalized PIB compatiblizes the two immiscible phases of unfunctionalized high molecular weight (e.g. PIB) synthetic rubber and the acrylic polymer.
• the resulting adhesive compositions exhibit improved peel adhesion to low energy surface substrate.
• PIB-Acrylate Macromonomer A 4 ounce amber bottle was equipped with a plastic cap with an approximately 1/8" hole. Glissopal ® SA (60.0 g) and a magnetic stir bar were added. Next, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (6.00 mL, 6.07 g, 52.2 mmol) and 4- (dimethylamino)pyridine (0.0520 g, 0.426 mmol) were added. The reaction was capped with the plastic cap and a piece of Teflon ® tubing was threaded through the hole and pushed into the bottom of the reaction mixture. Air was passed through the tubing and bubbled through the reaction mixture throughout the course of the reaction. The reaction was placed in an oil bath and heated to 100°C with stirring. After 3 days, the reaction was removed from the oil bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. The acrylate product was obtained as a pale yellow, very viscous liquid.
• PIB macromonomer (1.00 g) was added to a 4 ounce amber bottle with Teflon ® -wrapped threads. Hexane (8.50 mL, 5.60 g) was added and the mixture was sonicated for 40 minutes to dissolve the macromonomer. Next, isooctyl acrylate (2.00 g), acrylic acid (0.150 g) and Vazo ® 67 (0.010 g) were added and the mixture was mixed until homogeneous. The reaction was sparged with nitrogen for 7 minutes and then quickly sealed with a Teflon ® -lined plastic cap.
• the reaction was further sealed with Teflon ® tape and electrical tape.
• the reaction was placed in a water bath/shaker at 65 °C and gently agitated. After 24 hours, the reaction was removed from the water bath and was allowed to cool to room temperature.
• the reaction mixture was then added to methanol (100 mL) with stirring to precipitate the polymer product.
• the hazy methanol solution was decanted and the viscous pale yellow material was washed with methanol (3 X 5 mL).
• the precipitated product was transferred to a 20 mL glass vial with hexane and was then dried in vacuo to provide the polymer product (2.31 g, 73.1%) as a clear, pale yellow rubbery solid.
• the acrylate-PIB copolymer was then utilized to prepare adhesive compositions same manner as previously described.

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• 2010
  • 2010-11-15 US US13/499,921 patent/US8530578B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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