WO2011055418A1 - 距離測定装置、及び距離測定方法 - Google Patents
距離測定装置、及び距離測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011055418A1 WO2011055418A1 PCT/JP2009/005958 JP2009005958W WO2011055418A1 WO 2011055418 A1 WO2011055418 A1 WO 2011055418A1 JP 2009005958 W JP2009005958 W JP 2009005958W WO 2011055418 A1 WO2011055418 A1 WO 2011055418A1
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- captured image
- direct light
- threshold value
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/12—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
- G01C3/02—Details
- G01C3/06—Use of electric means to obtain final indication
- G01C3/08—Use of electric radiation detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
- G01C3/10—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders using a parallactic triangle with variable angles and a base of fixed length in the observation station, e.g. in the instrument
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a distance measuring device, and more particularly to a distance measuring device mounted on a moving body such as an automobile.
- a distance measuring device using a method of measuring a relative distance from a preceding vehicle based on an image obtained by capturing a traveling direction with a camera is mounted on a moving body such as an automobile.
- a method for measuring the relative distance to the preceding vehicle for example, a position measurement method described in Patent Document 1 (hereinafter referred to as a conventional technique) is given as an example.
- a straight flat road model image in which a travel road image during straight flat road travel is estimated is generated based on the captured image. Then, by measuring the relative distance to the object based on the object position from the lower end in the straight flat road model image and the object position from the lower end in the actual traveling road image, on a traveling road with a road gradient Can also accurately measure the relative distance to the object.
- the conventional technology has the following problems.
- the above-described conventional technique uses a method of measuring the relative distance from the target object based on the distance from the lower end to the position of the target object in the traveling road image.
- the object is not clearly imaged (in the prior art, the ground contact position of the tire of the object is not clearly imaged as shown in FIG. 2).
- the relative distance from the object cannot be measured at night based on the image.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a distance measuring device and a distance measuring method capable of measuring a relative distance to an object based on an image even at night.
- the present invention has the following features.
- 1st aspect of this invention is the said picked-up image of the imaging means which images the traveling direction of the own vehicle as a captured image, the direct light currently imaged by the captured image, and the reflected light which the said direct light reflected on the road surface of driving
- a measuring means for measuring the relative distance to the object based on the positions of the direct light and the reflected light of the combinations respectively specified by the specifying means.
- the specifying unit is configured to determine, for each pixel column in the vertical direction of the captured image, the luminance value of the pixel included in the first region determined in advance in the captured image.
- the first generation means for generating the vertical direction integrated luminance distribution by integrating, and the vertical direction integrated luminance distribution and a predetermined first threshold value are compared, whereby direct light and reflection in the captured image are obtained.
- Area specifying means for specifying the second area in which the combination with light is imaged, and the luminance values of the pixels included in each of the second areas in the captured image are integrated for each pixel row in the horizontal direction of the captured image
- a second generation means for generating the horizontal direction integrated luminance distribution corresponding to each of the second regions, and the measuring means includes a combination of direct lights identified based on the horizontal direction integrated luminance distribution. Position and anti Based on the position of the light, to measure the relative distance to the object.
- the specifying means is determined in advance in a predetermined first peak threshold value and relatively lower than the first peak threshold value.
- Storage means for storing each value, and peak values generated in the respective lateral integrated luminance distributions generated by the second generation means were compared with the first peak threshold value and the second peak threshold value.
- the position of the direct light and the reflected light based on the result and the result of comparing the width of the distribution that generates the peak value of the horizontal integrated luminance distribution with the first distribution width threshold and the second distribution width threshold It further includes a combination specifying means for specifying a combination of positions. , Measuring means, based on the position of the direct light combinations identified and the position of the reflected light by the combination specifying means for measuring a relative distance to the object.
- the combination specifying unit is configured such that the peak value exceeds the first peak threshold value in the lateral integrated luminance distribution and the width of the distribution is the first.
- a direct light specifying means for specifying a distribution of a portion that is less than a distribution width threshold and specifying a vertical position as a direct light position in a captured image in which a peak value of the specified distribution occurs; and a horizontal integrated luminance distribution The distribution of the portion in which the peak value is within the range from the first peak threshold value to the second peak threshold value and the distribution width exceeds the second distribution width threshold value is specified and specified.
- Reflected light specifying means for specifying the vertical position in the captured image where the peak value of the distribution is generated as the position of the direct light, and the combination specifying means is the same horizontal by the direct light specifying means and the reflected light specifying means, respectively.
- Directional luminance distribution Combine to identify and al identified direct light position and the position of the reflected light.
- the area specifying unit includes a first integrated luminance distribution in a vertical direction corresponding to a preceding vehicle presence area that is predetermined as an area where the preceding vehicle exists in the captured image, and the first aspect.
- the second region is specified by comparing with the threshold value.
- the apparatus further comprises angular velocity detecting means for detecting a rotational angular velocity around an axis passing through the center of gravity of the host vehicle in the vertical direction, and the region specifying means is detected by the angular velocity detecting means.
- the preceding vehicle presence area is moved in the captured image according to the turning direction and the turning speed of the host vehicle determined based on the rotation angular velocity.
- the captured image includes an imaging step of capturing the traveling direction of the host vehicle as a captured image, direct light captured in the captured image, and reflected light reflected from the traveling road surface by the direct light. And a measurement step of measuring a relative distance from the object based on the direct light position and the reflected light position of the combination specified in the specific step, respectively.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a distance measuring device and a distance measuring method capable of measuring a relative distance to an object based on an image even at night.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the distance measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a camera mounting position and an imaging range.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of a camera mounting position and an imaging range.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a captured image captured by the camera.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of the vertical direction integrated luminance distribution.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an example of threshold values in the vertical direction integrated luminance distribution.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example of the horizontal integrated luminance distribution.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an example of the direct light position and the reflected light position.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example of the horizontal integrated luminance distribution.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a positional relationship between the camera mounting position, the direct light source, and the reflection position.
- FIG. 7A is a flowchart illustrating processing of the distance measurement unit.
- FIG. 7B is a flowchart illustrating processing of the distance measurement unit.
- FIG. 7C is a flowchart illustrating processing of the distance measurement unit.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a preceding vehicle presence area.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing another schematic configuration of the distance measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the horizontal integrated luminance distribution.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a distance measuring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the distance measuring device 1 according to the present embodiment includes a camera 101, a distance measuring unit 102, a collision determining unit 103, a display unit 104, an electric brake ECU 105, and an alarm buzzer 106.
- the distance measuring device 1 will be described as being mounted on a mobile body such as an automobile (hereinafter referred to as the host vehicle).
- the camera 101 is a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera.
- 2A and 2B are diagrams respectively showing an example of a mounting location of the camera 101 in the host vehicle and an imaging range.
- 2A is a plan view of the traveling host vehicle looking down in the vertical direction
- FIG. 2B is a right side view of the host vehicle shown in FIG. 2A.
- the camera 101 is attached to the rear mirror of the host vehicle so that the traveling direction of the host vehicle can be imaged.
- the camera 101 sequentially captures the traveling direction of the host vehicle (for example, captures every 1/24 second (one frame)), and captures images (hereinafter referred to as captured images). Image data is generated every time an image is captured.
- the distance measuring unit 102 acquires image data generated by the camera 101 and measures the relative distance between the host vehicle and the preceding vehicle based on the captured image. When measuring the relative distance from the preceding vehicle, the distance measuring unit 102 generates distance data indicating the measured relative distance. Details of the process in which the distance measuring unit 102 measures the relative distance from the preceding vehicle will be described later.
- the collision determination unit 103 acquires the generated distance data when the distance measurement unit 102 generates the distance data.
- the collision determination unit 103 determines the possibility of a collision between the host vehicle and the preceding vehicle based on the relative distance indicated by the acquired distance data, and determines that there is a possibility of a collision A danger signal indicating that there is a possibility of collision is generated. Note that any known technique may be used as a method by which the collision determination unit 103 determines the possibility of collision based on the relative distance.
- the display unit 104 is typically a display screen that displays information generated by a car navigation system mounted on the host vehicle, or a display screen that displays a traveling speed of the host vehicle, an engine speed, and the like. .
- the display unit 104 also includes a processing circuit that controls the display content of the display screen.
- the display unit 104 acquires the generated danger signal.
- the display unit 104 displays an image indicating the possibility of a collision on the display screen to notify the driver that there is a possibility of the collision.
- the electric brake ECU 105 is an ECU (Electric Control Unit) that controls an electric brake mounted on the host vehicle.
- the collision determination unit 103 generates a danger signal
- the electric brake ECU 105 acquires the generated danger signal.
- the electric brake ECU 105 controls the braking force of the electric brake mounted on the host vehicle so as to reduce the possibility of a collision.
- the alarm buzzer 106 includes a speaker capable of outputting sound toward the passenger compartment of the host vehicle and a control circuit for controlling the speaker to output sound.
- the alarm buzzer 106 outputs a warning sound from the speaker to the passenger compartment to notify the driver of the host vehicle that there is a possibility of collision with the preceding vehicle. .
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a captured image when the host vehicle is traveling at night.
- an object such as a leading vehicle, an oncoming vehicle, and a guide light installed beside the traveling road is captured. Since the captured image shown in FIG. 3 is a captured image at night, details such as the contours of the objects such as the preceding vehicle, the oncoming vehicle, and the guide light are not clearly captured.
- the direct light directly incident on the camera 101 from the light emitting part for example, a tail lamp in the case of a preceding vehicle
- the reflected light reflected by the road surface etc. from the light emitting part are clearly imaged. To do.
- FIG. 3 shows direct light Pvd directly incident on the camera 101 from the tail lamp of the preceding vehicle, reflected light Pvi reflected by the road surface from the tail lamp of the preceding vehicle, and the head lamp of the oncoming vehicle.
- Direct light Cvd directly incident on the camera 101 direct light Cvi reflected from the road surface of the headlamp of the oncoming vehicle, direct light Rd directly incident on the camera 101 from the guide light, and light emitted from the guide light
- a typical lane line applied on the surface of the traveling road includes a reflective material (for example, glass beads), and reflects the light emitted from the headlamp of the own vehicle.
- the lane markings on both sides of the travel path are also shown in the example shown in FIG.
- the upper left of the captured image is the origin
- the right horizontal direction from the origin is the positive lateral direction of the captured image
- the downward direction perpendicular to the origin is the vertical direction. It is assumed that the captured image is in the positive vertical direction.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating, as an example, a vertical direction integrated luminance distribution generated by the distance measurement unit 102 according to the present embodiment for the captured image illustrated as an example in FIG. 3.
- the distance measuring unit 102 according to the present embodiment integrates the luminance value for each pixel column in the vertical direction for the pixels in the predetermined vertical luminance calculation region Tkr, so that the vertical integrated luminance distribution is obtained.
- Tkr predetermined vertical luminance calculation region
- FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an example of a region determined by the distance measurement unit 102 based on the vertical direction integrated luminance distribution. As shown in FIG. 4B as an example, the distance measurement unit 102 selects adjacent pixel columns having an integrated value that is equal to or greater than the threshold th among the integrated luminance values for each pixel column indicated by the vertical integrated luminance distribution. The combined horizontal area is determined as one horizontal luminance calculation area.
- FIG. 4B shows, as an example, a case where four areas of horizontal luminance calculation areas Ykr1 to Ykr4 are determined.
- the vertical height of the horizontal luminance calculation area may be the same height as the vertical luminance calculation area or the same as the number of pixels in the vertical direction of the captured image, as shown in FIG. 4B as an example. It may be any height.
- the magnitude of the threshold value th is set in advance to an optimum value for detecting the area where the tail lamp of the preceding vehicle in the captured image is captured as the lateral luminance calculation area. More specifically, when the camera 101 captures a captured image in which the information amount of the brightness value of the pixel is 8 bits, the brightness value of the pixel in the captured image is indicated in the range of 0 to 255, respectively.
- the vertical size of the captured image is 100 pixels
- the magnitude of the threshold value th in the present embodiment may be predetermined as 10% or 20% of the maximum value, that is, 2550 or 5100.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing an example of the horizontal integrated luminance distribution calculated by the distance measuring unit 102 according to the present embodiment for the horizontal luminance calculation region Ykr2 in the horizontal luminance calculation regions Ykr1 to Ykr4 shown in FIG. 4B. It is.
- the distance measuring unit 102 performs a feature detection process for detecting the feature of the generated horizontal integrated luminance distribution.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram showing a horizontal integrated luminance distribution calculated in correspondence with the horizontal luminance calculation region Ykr2 shown as an example in FIG. 5A.
- the feature detection process of the distance measurement unit 102 will be described by taking as an example the case of detecting the feature of the laterally integrated luminance distribution shown in FIG.
- the distance measuring unit 102 first extracts, as extraction curves, curves that generate peak values from the generated curve indicating the horizontal integrated luminance distribution.
- the distance measuring unit 102 When extracting the extraction curve from the horizontal integrated luminance distribution, the distance measuring unit 102 firstly sets the vertical position in the captured image that generates the maximum value of the horizontal integrated luminance distribution to the position where the peak value is generated (example shown in FIG. 5B). Then, it detects as Y1 and Y2). When the position where the peak value is generated is detected, the distance measurement unit 102 generates the respective peak value by scanning the horizontal integrated luminance distribution from the position where the peak value is generated toward both sides in the vertical direction of the captured image. The positions until the horizontal integrated luminance distributions on both sides with respect to the position become zero are detected, and the respective ranges (Ym1 and Ym2 in the example shown in FIG. 5B) are included in the horizontal direction.
- a curve indicating the integrated luminance distribution is extracted as an extraction curve.
- the distance measuring unit 102 extracts an extraction curve from the lateral direction integrated luminance distribution shown in FIG. 5B, two extraction curves Bk1 and an extraction curve Bk2 are extracted as shown in FIG.
- the distance measurement unit 102 specifies the size of the peak value of the extracted extraction curve and the curve width in association with each extraction curve, and completes the feature detection process.
- the curve width is the width of the intersection where the extracted curve and a second peak threshold value thp2 described later intersect.
- the distance measurement unit 102 When the distance measurement unit 102 according to the present embodiment completes the feature detection process, the distance measurement unit 102 of the direct light and the reflected light captured in the lateral luminance calculation area based on the peak value and the curve width of the extracted extraction curve. Each position in the vertical direction in the captured image is specified. More specifically, when the distance measurement unit 102 according to the present embodiment completes the feature detection process, the peak value of the extracted extracted curve is set to a first peak threshold value thp1 that is predetermined as described later, and Compared with the second peak threshold value thp2, the curve width of the extracted extracted curve is compared with a first curve width threshold value thpb1 and a second curve width threshold value thpb2 which are predetermined as will be described later. To do.
- the distance measuring unit 102 directly extracts an extracted curve having a peak value exceeding the first peak threshold value thp1 and a curve width being less than the first curve width threshold value thpb1 among the extracted extracted curves. Judgment is made as a curve indicating the horizontal integrated luminance distribution obtained by integrating the luminance values of the pixels indicating light, and the position in the vertical direction of the captured image where the peak value occurs is directly specified as the light position Yd. Further, the distance measuring unit 102 has a peak value within the range from the first peak threshold value thp1 to the second peak threshold value thp2 in the extracted extracted curve, and the curve width is the second value.
- the extracted curve Bk2 exceeding the curve width threshold value thpb2 is determined as a curve indicating the horizontal integrated luminance distribution obtained by integrating the luminance values of the pixels indicating the reflected light, and the position in the vertical direction of the captured image where the peak value occurs is reflected. It is specified as the light position Yi.
- the distance measuring unit 102 compares the peak value Pk1 and the curve width Pkb1 of the extraction curve Bk1 shown as an example in FIG. 5B with the respective threshold values as described above, it is apparent from FIG. Since the peak value Pk1 exceeds the first peak threshold value thp1 and the curve width Pkb1 is less than the first curve width threshold value thpb1, the position Y1 where the peak value Pk1 occurs is directly It is specified as the light position Yd.
- the extraction curve Bk1 that generates the peak value Pk1 at the position Y1 specified as the direct light position Yd is a curve that indicates a part of the horizontal luminance distribution of the horizontal luminance calculation region Ykr2. Therefore, the direct light position Yd is made to correspond to the horizontal luminance calculation area Ykr2.
- the distance measurement unit 102 compares the peak value Pk2 and the curve width Pkb2 of the extraction curve Bk2 shown as an example in FIG. 5B with the respective threshold values as described above, FIG.
- the peak value Pk2 is within the range from the first peak threshold value thp1 to the second peak threshold value thp2, and the curve width Pkb2 is equal to the second curve width threshold value thpb2. Therefore, the position Y2 where the peak value Pk2 occurs is specified as the above-described reflected light position Yi.
- the extraction curve Bk2 that generates the peak value Pk2 at the position Y2 specified as the reflected light position Yi is a curve indicating a part of the horizontal luminance distribution of the horizontal luminance calculation region Ykr2. Therefore, the reflected light position Yi is made to correspond to the horizontal luminance calculation area Ykr2.
- the characteristics of the curve indicating the horizontal integrated luminance distribution of the pixels that indicate direct light will be described.
- the intensity of the direct light is relatively high because the light emitted from the tail lamp of the preceding vehicle is directly incident on the camera 101. Therefore, the curve indicating the horizontal integrated luminance distribution of the pixels indicating direct light has a relatively high peak value. Further, since direct light is directly incident on the camera 101 without being reflected and scattered by the surface of some object, the intensity does not vary. Therefore, the curve width of the curve indicating the horizontal integrated luminance distribution of the pixels indicating the direct light in the captured image is relatively narrow.
- the reflected light is light that is incident on the camera 101 after the light emitted from the tail lamp of the preceding vehicle is reflected on the traveling road surface.
- the road surface has irregularities on the surface, it is scattered when light is reflected. That is, the reflected light incident on the camera 101 is incident after being reflected and scattered by the traveling road surface, and therefore has relatively low and uneven intensity. Therefore, the curve indicating the horizontal integrated luminance distribution of the pixels indicating the reflected light in the captured image has a relatively low peak value and a relatively wide curve width.
- the distance measurement unit 102 compares the peak value of the extraction curve extracted from the lateral luminance distribution as described above.
- Peak threshold values in this embodiment, the first peak threshold value thp1 and the second peak threshold value thp2
- the curve width threshold value for comparison with the curve width of the extraction curve In the present embodiment, a first curve width threshold value thpb1 and a second curve width threshold value thpb2) are respectively predetermined.
- the distance measuring unit 102 specifies the intersection between the extraction curve and the second peak threshold thp2 as the curve width as described above.
- the distance measuring unit 102 extracts an extraction curve whose peak value exceeds the first peak threshold value thp1 and whose curve width is less than the first curve width threshold value thpb1. Then, it is specified as a curve indicating an integrated value of luminance values of pixels indicating direct light. Therefore, the first peak threshold value thp1 is determined in advance as a relatively large value so that a relatively high peak value of the integrated value of the luminance values of the pixels indicating direct light can be identified as described above. There is a need.
- the first curve width threshold value thpb1 is set to a relatively small value so that a relatively narrow curve width of the curve indicating the integrated value of the luminance values of the pixels indicating direct light can be identified as described above. It is necessary to determine in advance.
- the distance measuring unit 102 has a peak value within the range from the first peak threshold value thp1 to the second peak threshold value thp2, and has a curve width of the first peak value.
- An extraction curve exceeding the curve width threshold value thpb2 of 2 is specified as a curve indicating an integrated value of luminance values of pixels indicating reflected light. Therefore, as described above, the second peak threshold value thp2 has a relatively low peak value of the integrated value of the luminance values of the pixels indicating the reflected light as described above from the first peak threshold value thp1. It is necessary to determine in advance a relatively small value so as to be within the range up to the peak threshold value thp2.
- the second curve width threshold value thpb2 is set to a relatively large value so that a relatively wide curve width of the curve indicating the integrated value of the luminance values of the pixels indicating the reflected light can be identified. It is necessary to determine in advance.
- the distance measuring unit 102 directly specifies the light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi after performing the feature detection process.
- the vertical position in the captured image of the direct light and reflected light captured in the horizontal brightness calculation area Ykr2 in the horizontal brightness calculation area shown in FIG. As an example, the case where the reflected light position Yi is specified is described.
- the distance measurement unit 102 according to the present embodiment directly performs the feature detection process on all the horizontal luminance calculation regions as well as the horizontal luminance calculation region Ykr2, and then directly performs the light position Yd and the reflection. Each light position Yi is specified, and is associated with the horizontal luminance calculation area.
- the distance measurement unit 102 determines the specified direct light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi. Based on this, the relative distance from the preceding vehicle is measured.
- the distance measuring unit 102 uses these positions specified in association with only the horizontal luminance calculation area in which both the direct light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi can be specified. Based on this, the relative distance from the preceding vehicle is measured.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method in which the distance measuring unit 102 according to the present embodiment measures the relative distance from the preceding vehicle based on the direct light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi.
- FIG. 6 is a left side view of the host vehicle and a preceding vehicle of the host vehicle viewed from the left side. The preceding vehicle shown in FIG. 6 precedes the host vehicle with a relative distance D.
- the camera 101 is mounted at a height h from the road surface as shown in FIG.
- the pitch angle at the position where the direct light source Di (for example, tail lamp) of the preceding vehicle is present with respect to the mounting position of the camera 101 mounted on the host vehicle is indicated by the pitch angle ⁇ .
- the pitch angle ⁇ of the reflection position Ii at which the direct light source Di of the preceding vehicle reflects on the road surface with respect to the mounting position of the camera 101 mounted on the host vehicle is indicated by the pitch angle ⁇ . .
- the direct light source Di shown in FIG. 6 is a light source existing at the direct light position Yd specified corresponding to the horizontal luminance calculation region Ykr2 in the captured image shown in FIG. 5B.
- the description will be continued assuming that the position of the reflection position Ii shown in FIG. 6 on the captured image is the reflected light position Yi specified in correspondence with the horizontal luminance calculation region Ykr2 in the captured image shown in FIG. 5B.
- the distance measuring unit 102 sets the pitch angle ⁇ and the pitch angle ⁇ for each of all the horizontal luminance calculation regions in which both the direct light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi can be specified. Both are calculated and the relative distance D is calculated as the relative distance to the preceding vehicle as described above.
- the distance measuring unit 102 calculates the relative distance D in association with each horizontal luminance calculation region.
- the distance measuring unit 102 generates distance data indicating the calculated relative distance D.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C are flowcharts showing the flow of processing of the distance measuring unit 102 according to this embodiment.
- step S101 the distance measuring unit 102 acquires image data from the camera 101, and generates the above-described vertical integrated luminance distribution for the captured image indicated by the acquired image data.
- step S102 the distance measuring unit 102 determines the horizontal luminance calculation region in the captured image as described above based on the vertical integrated luminance distribution generated in step S101.
- step S103 the distance measuring unit 102 generates the horizontal integrated luminance distribution as described above in correspondence with all the horizontal luminance calculation regions determined in step S102.
- step S104 the distance measuring unit 102 determines the direct light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi as described above based on the horizontal integrated luminance distribution generated in step S103 in association with the horizontal luminance calculation area.
- a position specifying process is performed for specifying in correspondence with the direction luminance calculation area. Details of the position specifying process will be described later.
- step S105 the distance measuring unit 102 obtains the relative distance D from the preceding vehicle based on the direct light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi specified in step S104. Further, when the relative distance D is obtained in step S105, the distance measuring unit 102 generates distance data indicating the obtained relative distance D.
- step S104 details of the position specifying process in step S104 will be described.
- step S201 the distance measurement unit 102 performs processing for directly specifying the light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi from the horizontal luminance calculation area generated by associating the horizontal integrated luminance distribution in step S103. An area that does not exist is selected and set as a process target area.
- step S202 the distance measuring unit 102, as described above, from the horizontal integrated luminance distribution generated in step S103 corresponding to the horizontal luminance calculation region set as the processing target region in step S201,
- the extracted curve Bk2 is extracted, and the peak value and the curve width of each extracted curve are specified as features.
- step S203 the distance measurement unit 102 sets any one extraction curve that is not set as the processing target curve from the extraction curves Bk1 and Bk2 extracted in step S202 as the processing target curve.
- the distance measurement unit 102 may sequentially set the extracted curve extracted in step S202 from the extracted curve existing at the position closest to the vertical direction from the origin of the captured image, Any one extraction curve may be set at random.
- step S204 the distance measuring unit 102 determines whether or not the peak value of the extraction curve set in step S203 exceeds the first peak threshold value thp1.
- the process proceeds to step S205.
- the distance measurement unit 102 determines in step S204 that the peak value of the extraction curve set in step S203 does not exceed the first peak threshold value thp1
- the process proceeds to step S207.
- step S205 the distance measuring unit 102 determines whether or not the curve width of the extracted curve set in step S203 is less than the first curve width threshold thb1.
- the process proceeds to step S206.
- the distance measuring unit 102 determines in step S205 that the curve width is not less than the first curve width threshold thb1, the process proceeds to step S207.
- step S206 the distance measuring unit 102 identifies the extraction curve set in step S203 as a curve indicating an integrated value of luminance values of pixels that indicate direct light in the captured image.
- the distance measuring unit 102 can determine the extraction curve as a curve indicating the integrated value of the luminance values of the pixels indicating direct light in step S206 because the peak value of the extraction curve is the first peak threshold thp1 in step S204.
- the curve width is determined to be less than the first curve width threshold value thpb1 in step S205, and the extracted curve is determined to be a curve indicating direct light. This is because the process of step S206 is performed.
- step S207 the distance measuring unit 102 determines whether or not the peak value of the extraction curve set in step S203 is within a range from the first peak threshold value thp1 to the second peak threshold value thp2. .
- the process proceeds to step S208.
- the distance measurement unit 102 determines in step S207 that the peak value is not within the range from the first peak threshold value thp1 to the second peak threshold value thp2, the process proceeds to step S211.
- step S208 the distance measuring unit 102 determines whether or not the curve width of the extracted curve set in step S203 exceeds the second curve width threshold thb2.
- the process proceeds to step S209.
- the distance measuring unit 102 determines in step S208 that the curve width does not exceed the second curve width threshold thb2
- the process proceeds to step S211.
- step S209 the distance measuring unit 102 specifies the extraction curve set in step S203 as a curve indicating an integrated value of luminance values of pixels indicating reflected light in the captured image.
- the distance measuring unit 102 can determine the extraction curve as a curve indicating the integrated value of the luminance values of the pixels indicating the reflected light in step S209 because the peak value of the extraction curve is the first peak threshold thp1 in step S207.
- the second peak threshold value thp2 and it is determined in step S208 that the curve width exceeds the second curve threshold value thpb2, and the extraction curve is a curve indicating reflected light. This is because the processing of step S209 is performed when the above-described conditions that can be determined to exist are satisfied.
- step S210 the distance measuring unit 102 specifies the position where the peak value of the extraction curve set in step S203 is generated as the position of the light source. Specifically, when the distance measurement unit 102 proceeds from step S206 to step S210, the extracted curve set in step S203 can be determined to be a curve indicating direct light as described above. The position in the vertical direction in the captured image in which the peak value occurs is set as the direct light position Yd, and is specified in association with the horizontal luminance calculation area set as the processing target area.
- the extraction curve set in step S203 can be determined to be a curve indicating reflected light as described above, and thus the peak value is The position in the vertical direction in the captured image to be generated is set as the reflected light position Yi, and is specified in association with the horizontal luminance calculation area set as the processing target area.
- step S211 the distance measurement unit 102 determines whether there is an extraction curve that is not set as the processing target curve among the extraction curves extracted in step S202 from the horizontal luminance calculation region set as the processing target region. Judging. When the distance measurement unit 102 determines in step S211 that there is an extracted curve that is not set as a processing target curve, the process returns to step S203. On the other hand, when the distance measurement unit 102 determines in step S211 that there is no extracted curve that is not set as the processing target curve, the process proceeds to step S212.
- step S212 the distance measurement unit 102 determines whether there is a horizontal luminance calculation region that is not set as a processing target region among the horizontal luminance calculation regions generated by associating the horizontal integrated luminance distribution in step S103. Determine whether.
- the process returns to step S201.
- the distance measurement unit 102 determines in step S212 that there is no horizontal luminance calculation region that is not set as the processing target region, the distance measurement unit 102 completes the processing illustrated in the flowchart of FIG. 7B and follows the flowchart of FIG. 7A. The process proceeds to step S105.
- step S301 the distance measurement unit 102 does not set the calculation target area from the horizontal luminance calculation areas specified in correspondence with both the direct light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi in step S104.
- the luminance calculation area is set as the calculation target area.
- step S301 if there is no horizontal luminance calculation area specified by the distance measuring unit 102h corresponding to both the direct light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi, the process illustrated in FIG. 7C is immediately performed. Upon completion, the processing may be returned to step S101 according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 7A.
- step S302 the distance measuring unit 102 calculates the pitch angle ⁇ as described above based on the direct light position Yd specified corresponding to the horizontal luminance calculation area set as the calculation target area in step S301.
- step S303 the distance measuring unit 102 calculates the pitch angle ⁇ as described above based on the reflected light position Yi specified corresponding to the horizontal luminance calculation area set as the calculation target area in step S301.
- step S304 the distance measurement unit 102, as described above, based on the pitch angle ⁇ calculated in step S302, the pitch angle ⁇ calculated in step S303, and the known height h of the mounting position of the camera 101 in the host vehicle.
- the relative distance D is calculated to correspond to the horizontal luminance calculation region set as the calculation target region in step S301.
- step S305 the distance measurement unit 102 does not set the calculation target area from the horizontal luminance calculation areas specified in correspondence with both the direct light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi in step S104. It is determined whether there is a luminance calculation area.
- the process returns to step S301.
- the process proceeds to step S306.
- step S306 the distance measurement unit 102 generates distance data indicating all the calculated relative distances D, ends the process shown in the flowchart of FIG. 7C, and performs the process in step S101 according to the flowchart of FIG. 7A. return.
- the distance measurement unit 102 can sequentially measure the relative distance from the preceding vehicle by repeating the processes shown in the flowcharts of FIGS. 7A to 7C at predetermined time intervals.
- processing shown in the flowcharts of FIGS. 7A to 7C may be started when the ignition switch or the accessory switch of the host vehicle is turned on, and may be ended when it is turned off, for example.
- the distance measurement unit 102 has the position (direct light position) in the captured image of the direct light captured in the captured image and the reflected light reflected by the traveling light on the road surface.
- a combination of Yd and reflected light position Yi) is specified. This is because the horizontal luminance calculation region, that is, the region in the captured image in which the combination of the direct light and the reflected light is imaged is identified by comparing the vertical integrated luminance distribution and the threshold th.
- the direct light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi are specified based on the extraction curve extracted from the horizontal integrated luminance distribution generated corresponding to the horizontal luminance calculation area, and the same This can be realized by corresponding to the horizontal luminance calculation area. Then, by calculating the relative distance D based on the combined direct light position Yd and reflected light position Yi as described in the first embodiment, the relative distance to the object such as the preceding vehicle is measured. be able to.
- the extraction curve described in the first embodiment corresponds to a distribution of a portion where a peak value occurs in the horizontal direction integrated luminance distribution.
- the distance measuring unit 102 for example, even at night, the direct light emitted from the direct light source mounted on the preceding vehicle and the light emitted from the direct light source travel. Based on the reflected light reflected on the road surface, the relative distance to the preceding vehicle can be measured.
- the distance measuring unit 102 sets the peak value and the curve width of all the extracted curves as the first peak threshold value thp1, the second peak threshold value thp2, and the first curve width threshold.
- Each of the value thpb1 and the second curve width threshold value thpb2 is compared as described in the first embodiment.
- the distance measurement unit 102 randomly determines one of the extraction curves, The vertical position in the captured image where the peak value of the extraction curve occurs may be specified as the direct light position Yd.
- the distance measurement unit 102 randomly determines any one extraction curve, The position in the vertical direction in the captured image where the peak value of the extraction curve occurs may be specified as the reflected light position Yi.
- the distance measuring unit 102 has been described as measuring the relative distance D with the preceding vehicle.
- the direct light emitted from the headlamp of the oncoming vehicle as the direct light emitted from the direct light source
- the direct light emitted from the direct light source as the direct light emitted from the direct light source
- the direct light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi are specified based on the reflected light reflected by the road surface, and the relative distance from the oncoming vehicle is calculated as the relative distance from the preceding vehicle based on these positions. May end up. Therefore, when it is not preferable to calculate the relative distance to the oncoming vehicle, as another embodiment, the distance measuring unit 102 is considered to have a preceding vehicle as shown in FIG.
- a vertical direction integrated luminance distribution is generated, and the generated vertical direction integrated luminance is generated.
- a horizontal luminance calculation area may be determined based on the distribution, and in the determined horizontal luminance calculation area, a feature detection process may be performed to directly identify the light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi, and calculate the relative distance. .
- the distance measuring unit 102 is not affected by the light source mounted on the object that is not the preceding vehicle such as the oncoming vehicle, and is relative to the preceding vehicle based only on the light source mounted on the preceding vehicle. The distance can be calculated.
- the distance measurement unit 102 performs the feature detection process only on the lateral luminance calculation area determined in the preceding vehicle presence area Sr as described above, specifies the direct light position Yd and the reflected light position Yi, and the relative distance.
- the direct light source Di mounted on the preceding vehicle may deviate from the preceding vehicle existence area Sr. Therefore, in another embodiment, the schematic configuration of the distance measuring device 1 according to the first embodiment may be modified as shown in FIG.
- the distance measuring device 2 shown in FIG. 9 is different from the distance measuring device 1 according to the first embodiment in that it further includes a yaw rate sensor 107.
- the yaw rate sensor 107 sequentially detects the rotational angular velocity around the axis passing through the center of gravity of the host vehicle in the vertical direction, and generates rotational angular velocity data indicating the detected rotational angular velocity.
- the distance measuring unit 102 provided in the distance measuring device 2 acquires rotational angular velocity data generated by the yaw rate sensor 107.
- the distance measuring unit 102 determines the direction and curvature of the curve in which the host vehicle is traveling based on the rotational angular velocity indicated by the acquired rotational angular velocity data, and the determined direction and the magnitude of the curvature. Accordingly, the preceding vehicle presence area Sr is moved. More specifically, when the distance measuring unit 102 provided in the distance measuring device 2 indicates that the rotational angular velocity indicated by the rotational angular velocity data indicates that the host vehicle is traveling on a curved road curved in the right direction.
- the curvature of the preceding vehicle presence area Sr is determined according to the magnitude of the rotational angular velocity, and is moved in the right direction in the captured image according to the determined curvature.
- the rotational angular velocity indicated by the rotational angular velocity data indicates that the host vehicle is traveling on a curved road that curves in the left direction
- the distance measuring unit 102 provided in the distance measuring device 2 has a preceding vehicle.
- the curvature of the region Sr is determined according to the magnitude of the rotational angular velocity, and the region Sr is moved to the left in the captured image according to the determined curvature.
- the distance measuring unit 102 provided in the distance measuring device 2 can detect the relative distance from the preceding vehicle based on the direct light source of only the preceding vehicle even when the host vehicle or the preceding vehicle is traveling on a curved road. Can be measured.
- the camera 101 is a CCD camera.
- the camera 101 sequentially captures the traveling direction of the host vehicle, such as a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide ⁇ ⁇ Semiconductor) camera.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide ⁇ ⁇ Semiconductor
- other types of cameras may be used.
- the alarm buzzer 106 outputs a warning sound when a danger signal is acquired by the electric brake ECU 105.
- the distance measuring device 1 is configured so that the alarm buzzer 106 can directly acquire the danger signal generated by the collision determination unit 103, and the danger signal generated by the collision determination unit 103 is directly acquired. When this occurs, the alarm buzzer 106 may output a warning sound.
- the distance is measured based on image data indicating a captured image captured at night by the camera 101.
- image data indicating a captured image captured at night by the camera 101.
- an image obtained by performing binarization processing or edge detection processing on an image captured at night by the camera 101 and extracting only direct light and reflected light is shown.
- the distance may be measured based on the image data.
- first peak threshold value thp1 and the second peak threshold value thp2 described in the first embodiment are changed to the first curve width threshold value thpb1 and the second curve width threshold value thpb2. May be stored in advance in a storage unit (not shown).
- the horizontal integrated from the position where the peak value occurs in the horizontal integrated luminance distribution toward both sides in the vertical direction of the captured image By scanning the luminance distribution, the positions until the horizontal accumulated luminance distributions on both sides with respect to the positions where the respective peak values are generated become zero are detected, and the horizontal range of each range included in each position is detected.
- the direction integrated luminance distribution was extracted as an extraction curve.
- FIG. 10 when an extraction curve is extracted from a lateral integrated luminance distribution having a minimum value without becoming zero, each peak value is generated.
- Y1 and Y2 are detected until the respective minimum integrated values are reached, and the respective ranges included in the respective positions (FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 10, the horizontal direction integrated luminance distributions of Ym1 and Ym2) may be extracted as extraction curves.
- a distance measuring device capable of measuring a relative distance from a preceding vehicle based on an image even at night, which is useful for a distance measuring device mounted on a moving body such as an automobile.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る距離測定装置1の概略構成を示すブロック図である。本実施形態に係る距離測定装置1は、カメラ101と、距離測定部102と、衝突判断部103と、表示部104と、電動ブレーキECU105と、警報ブザー106とを備える。尚、本実施形態では、距離測定装置1が自動車などの移動体(以下、自車両と称する)に搭載されるものとして説明する。
101 カメラ
102 距離測定部
103 衝突判断部
104 表示部
105 電動ブレーキECU
106 警報ブザー
107 ヨーレートセンサ
Claims (7)
- 自車両の走行方向を撮像画像として撮像する撮像手段と、
前記撮像画像に撮像されている直接光と当該直接光が走行路面で反射した反射光との当該撮像画像における位置の組み合わせをそれぞれ特定する特定手段と、
前記特定手段によってそれぞれ特定された組み合わせの前記直接光の位置と前記反射光の位置とに基づき、対象物との相対距離を測定する測定手段とを備える、距離測定装置。 - 前記特定手段は、
前記撮像画像において予め定められた第1の領域に含まれる画素の輝度値を当該撮像画像の縦方向の画素列毎に積算することにより縦方向積算輝度分布を生成する第1の生成手段と、
前記縦方向積算輝度分布と予め定められた第1のしきい値とを比較することにより、前記撮像画像において前記直接光、及び前記反射光との組み合わせが撮像されている第2の領域を特定する領域特定手段と、
前記撮像画像における前記第2の領域のそれぞれに含まれる画素の輝度値を当該撮像画像の横方向の画素列毎に積算することにより横方向積算輝度分布を当該第2の領域にそれぞれ対応させて生成する第2の生成手段とを含み、
前記測定手段は、前記横方向積算輝度分布に基づいて特定された組み合わせの前記直接光の位置と前記反射光の位置とに基づき、前記対象物との相対距離を測定する、請求項1に記載の距離測定装置。 - 前記特定手段は、
予め定められた第1のピークしきい値と、当該第1のピークしきい値よりも相対的に低く予め定められた第2のピークしきい値と、予め定められた第1の分布幅しきい値と、当該第1の分布幅しきい値よりも相対的に大きく予め定められた第2の分布幅しきい値とをそれぞれ記憶する記憶手段と、
前記第2の生成手段によって生成されたそれぞれの前記横方向積算輝度分布に生じるピーク値を前記第1のピークしきい値、及び前記第2のピークしきい値と比較した結果と、当該横方向積算輝度分布の前記ピーク値を生じる分布の幅を前記第1の分布幅しきい値、及び前記第2の分布幅しきい値と比較した結果に基づき前記直接光の位置、及び前記反射光の位置の組み合わせを特定する組み合わせ特定手段をさらに含み、
前記測定手段は、前記組み合わせ特定手段によって特定された組み合わせの前記直接光の位置と前記反射光の位置とに基づき、前記対象物との相対距離を測定する、請求項2に記載の距離測定装置。 - 前記組み合わせ特定手段は、
前記横方向積算輝度分布の中でピーク値が前記第1のピークしきい値を超え、且つ分布の幅が前記第1の分布幅しきい値未満となる部分の分布を特定し、特定した分布のピーク値が生じる前記撮像画像における縦方向の位置を前記直接光の位置として特定する直接光特定手段と、
前記横方向積算輝度分布の中でピーク値が前記第1のピークしきい値から前記第2のピークしきい値までの範囲内であり、且つ分布の幅が前記第2の分布幅しきい値を超える部分の分布を特定し、特定した分布のピーク値が生じる前記撮像画像における縦方向の位置を前記直接光の位置として特定する反射光特定手段とを含み、
前記組み合わせ特定手段は、前記直接光特定手段、及び前記反射光特定手段によってそれぞれ同一の前記横方向積算輝度分布から特定された前記直接光の位置と前記反射光の位置とを特定して組み合わせる、請求項3に記載の距離測定装置。 - 前記領域特定手段は、前記撮像画像において先行車両が存在する領域として予め定められた先行車両存在領域に対応する前記縦方向積算輝度分布と前記第1のしきい値とを比較することにより前記第2の領域を特定する、請求項4に記載の距離測定装置。
- 前記自車両の重心を鉛直方向に通る軸周りの回転角速度を検出する角速度検出手段をさらに備え、
前記領域特定手段は、
前記角速度検出手段によって検出された前記回転角速度に基づいて判断した前記自車両の旋回方向と旋回速度とに応じて前記先行車両存在領域を前記撮像画像内で移動させる、請求項5に記載の距離測定装置。 - 自車両の走行方向を撮像画像として撮像する撮像ステップと、
前記撮像画像に撮像されている直接光と当該直接光が走行路面で反射した反射光との当該撮像画像における位置の組み合わせをそれぞれ特定する特定ステップと、
前記特定ステップにおいてそれぞれ特定された組み合わせの前記直接光の位置と前記反射光の位置とに基づき、対象物との相対距離を測定する測定ステップとを備える、距離測定方法。
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2009
- 2009-11-09 WO PCT/JP2009/005958 patent/WO2011055418A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-11-09 DE DE112009005352T patent/DE112009005352T5/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-11-09 JP JP2011524089A patent/JP5051405B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-11-09 US US13/133,557 patent/US8760632B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPS6052710A (ja) * | 1983-09-01 | 1985-03-26 | Rikagaku Kenkyusho | 距離検知装置 |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015106332A (ja) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-08 | 株式会社リコー | 座標検出システム、情報処理装置、プログラム、記憶媒体、座標検出方法 |
US10473785B2 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2019-11-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Distance measuring device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2011055418A1 (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
JP5051405B2 (ja) | 2012-10-17 |
US20120206707A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
DE112009005352T5 (de) | 2012-08-16 |
US8760632B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
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