WO2011045907A1 - 非水系二次電池用負極およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
非水系二次電池用負極およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011045907A1 WO2011045907A1 PCT/JP2010/005981 JP2010005981W WO2011045907A1 WO 2011045907 A1 WO2011045907 A1 WO 2011045907A1 JP 2010005981 W JP2010005981 W JP 2010005981W WO 2011045907 A1 WO2011045907 A1 WO 2011045907A1
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- negative electrode
- secondary battery
- aqueous secondary
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- active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous secondary battery, and particularly relates to a negative electrode used for a non-aqueous secondary battery.
- a lithium ion secondary battery has an active material capable of inserting and removing lithium (Li) in each of a positive electrode and a negative electrode. And it operate
- the performance of the secondary battery depends on the electrode material constituting the secondary battery.
- lithium metal or a lithium alloy is often used as an active material for an electrode material of a lithium secondary battery because a battery having a high energy density is obtained.
- an active material made of silicon (Si) which is an element capable of forming an alloy with lithium, has attracted attention.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using Li x Si (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 5) as a negative electrode active material is known.
- silicon-based active material such as Li x Si (abbreviated as “silicon-based active material”) expands and contracts due to a charge / discharge cycle.
- silicon-based active material expands or contracts, a load is applied to the binder that holds the silicon-based active material on the current collector, and the adhesion between the silicon-based active material and the current collector is increased.
- the capacity is lowered or the conductive path in the electrode is broken and the capacity is significantly lowered. As a result, the durability of the battery, for example, the cycle life is reduced.
- Patent Document 1 describes that a treatment for roughening the surface of the current collector may be performed.
- the current collector needs to be roughened in order to improve the durability of the battery using the silicon-based active material.
- Patent Document 2 describes that the surface of the current collector is provided with unevenness in order to suppress separation of the silicon-based active material from the current collector caused by expansion and contraction of the silicon-based active material.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a binder resin that can prevent pulverization and desorption of a silicon-based active material accompanying expansion and contraction.
- Patent Document 2 the load applied to the binder is not reduced because the silicon-based active material is fixed on the surface of the current collector as a vapor deposition film and the binder is not used. Moreover, although the binder is examined in Patent Document 3, it is necessary to further improve the performance.
- the present invention provides a negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery that can constitute a highly durable non-aqueous secondary battery by using a specific binder for a negative electrode active material containing silicon.
- the purpose is to do.
- the negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention was formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, comprising a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material containing silicon (Si), and a negative electrode mixture containing at least a binder.
- the binder has the following formula (wherein R 1 is an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride residue containing 90 mol% or more of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride residue) R 2 is an aromatic diamine residue containing 90 mol% or more of 4,4′diaminodiphenyl ether residue, R 3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R 4 is an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms And q is 1 to 5000, r is 1 to 1000, and m is 1 to 100.)
- a polyimide-silica hybrid resin obtained by sol-gel curing and dehydration ring closure of a silane-modified polyamic acid represented by the following formula: It is characterized by including.
- a silicon-based active material containing Si is used as the negative electrode active material.
- the silicon-based active material expands and contracts due to the charge / discharge cycle.
- the binder containing the above polyimide-silica hybrid resin for the silicon-based active material the present invention The durability of the negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery is improved. The reason is not clear, but it is thought as follows.
- the polyimide-silica hybrid resin contained in the binder has a silane-modified polyamic acid represented by the above formula as a precursor.
- the silane-modified polyamic acid has a block copolymer structure composed of a first polyamic acid segment and a second polyamic acid segment.
- One polyamic acid segment is made of silane-modified polyamic acid and has an alkoxysilane partial condensate, which is a reactive inorganic component, in the side chain.
- the alkoxysilane partial condensate forms an inorganic part containing silica by a sol-gel reaction.
- This inorganic part is considered to form intermolecular crosslinks and contribute to adhesion to the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode active material. Further, it is considered that the segment of polyamic acid, particularly polyamic acid not modified with silane, is involved in the mechanical properties of the polyimide-silica hybrid resin. That is, the binder used together with the silicon-based active material needs to have mechanical characteristics that can withstand repeated stresses generated by the expansion and contraction of the silicon-based active material accompanying the charge / discharge cycle.
- the negative electrode for the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention is It is considered that the battery characteristics are maintained even at a high cycle number after repeated charge / discharge.
- the surface roughness of the negative electrode current collector is preferably 4.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.5 to 3 ⁇ m in terms of 10-point average roughness (Rz). .
- the conductive material used as the current collector does not show a high surface roughness value unless the surface is roughened.
- the negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention is excellent in durability without using a current collector having a roughened surface.
- the method for producing a negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery includes forming a negative electrode mixture layer comprising a negative electrode active material containing silicon (Si) and a binder raw material solution containing the silane-modified polyamic acid.
- a composition preparation step for forming a negative electrode mixture layer for preparing a composition for use A negative electrode mixture layer forming step of forming the negative electrode mixture layer by applying the composition to a current collector;
- the negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention and the negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention are excellent in durability.
- Results of a charge / discharge test using a battery including a negative electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery (# 1-1) of the present invention and a battery including conventional negative electrodes (# 2-1, # 3-1 and # 4-1) It is a graph which shows, Comprising: The discharge capacity maintenance factor with respect to the increase in the number of cycles is shown.
- the numerical range “x to y” described in this specification includes the lower limit x and the upper limit y.
- the numerical range can be configured by arbitrarily combining these upper limit value and lower limit value and the numerical values listed in the examples.
- a negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery is composed of a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material and a binder, and a negative electrode mixture containing a conductive auxiliary material as required. A layer.
- the binder binds the negative electrode active material or the negative electrode active material and the conductive additive, and holds them on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material contains silicon (Si). That is, the negative electrode active material is made of silicon and / or a silicon compound, and is preferably used in a powder form. Specifically, powders such as a simple substance of Si, an oxide containing Si, a nitride containing Si, and an alloy containing Si can be given. More specifically, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and the like can be given. Further, the negative electrode active material may contain another known active material. Specifically, graphite, Sn, Al, Ag, Zn, Ge, Cd, Pd and the like. Among these, one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds can be used. These negative electrode active materials can be produced using methods known in the art. The average particle diameter of the negative electrode active material is preferably 0.01 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m. Note that the negative electrode active material may be crystalline or amorphous.
- a material generally used for electrodes of non-aqueous secondary batteries may be used.
- a conductive carbon material such as carbon black, acetylene black, or carbon fiber.
- a known conductive aid such as a conductive organic compound may be used.
- One of these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the conductive additive when the total amount of the negative electrode active material, the binder and the conductive additive is 100% by mass, the conductive additive is preferably contained in an amount of 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 4 to 6% by mass. This is because if the amount of the conductive additive is too small, a good conductive network cannot be formed, and if the amount of the conductive additive is too large, the moldability of the electrode deteriorates and the energy density of the electrode decreases.
- the binder includes a polyimide-silica hybrid resin.
- the chemical formula of the silane-modified polyamic acid that is a precursor of the polyimide-silica hybrid resin is shown below.
- R 1 is an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride residue containing 90 mol% or more of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride residue
- R 2 is 4,4 'An aromatic diamine residue containing 90 mol% or more of diaminodiphenyl ether residue
- R 3 independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 4 independently represents an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- m is 1 to 100.
- the silane-modified polyamic acid is a silane-modified polyamic acid obtained by reacting a polyamic acid obtained by reacting tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a diamine with an epoxy group-containing alkoxysilane partial condensate. It is obtained by reacting tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine (that is, polyamic acid).
- R 1 (100 mol%) represents 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride residue of 90 mol% or more, preferably 95 mol% or more, more preferably 100 mol%. It is an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride residue.
- R 1 includes 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, 1,2,3,4-benzenetetracarboxylic anhydride, 4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, 2,2 ′, 3,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3, 3 ′, 4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dian
- R 2 is an aromatic diamine residue containing 90 mol% or more, preferably 95 mol% or more, more preferably 100 mol% of 4,4 ′ diaminodiphenyl ether residue. That is, as R 2 , in addition to 4,4′diaminodiphenyl ether, p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfide 3,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfide, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfide, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3 ' -Diaminobenzophenone,
- R 3 may be an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 4 may be an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkyl group.
- m is 1 to 100, preferably 1 to 5. Note that R 1 to R 4 described above are independent of each other in any chemical formula, and each independently represent the above-listed configuration.
- the silane-modified polyamic acid is obtained by reacting a polyamic acid with an epoxy group-containing alkoxysilane partial condensate.
- the use ratio of the polyamic acid and the epoxy group-containing alkoxysilane partial condensate is not particularly limited, but q is 1 to 5000, preferably 1 to 2500, and r is 1 to 1000, preferably 1 to 100.
- [Equivalent of epoxy group of epoxy group-containing alkoxysilane partial condensate] / [Equivalent of carboxylic acid group of tetracarboxylic acid used in polyamic acid] is preferably in the range of about 0.01 to 0.4. .
- the above numerical value is 0.01 or more and 0.4 or less because the transparency of the coating film after film formation becomes good.
- care must be taken because the above value is 0.3 or more, and gelation may occur due to a reaction between an epoxy group and a carboxylic acid group. .
- a silane-modified polyamic acid particularly suitable for the present invention is a compound in which R 1 is a 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride residue and R 2 is a 4,4 ′ diaminodiphenyl ether residue.
- R 3 is a methyl group
- R 4 is a methoxy group
- q is 1 to 2500
- r is 1 to 100
- m is 1 to 5.
- the silane-modified polyamic acid becomes a cured product of a polyimide-silica hybrid resin by sol-gel curing and dehydration ring closure.
- the cured product containing a polyimide gelled fine silica (SiO 2) and the amic acid groups by ring closure reaction to imide groups.
- Silica has a structure derived from R 3 and R 4 on the surface, and the silica part and the polyimide part are in a bonded state.
- the polyimide-silica hybrid resin is imidized at 90 mol% or more, preferably 95 mol% or more, more preferably 100 mol% when the amide acid group of the silane-modified polyamic acid is 100 mol% (imide). Conversion rate).
- the imidization rate can be adjusted by a heating temperature and a heating time, which will be described in detail later.
- the imidization rate can be measured by a known method such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
- the polyimide-silica hybrid resin is difficult to dissolve or swell in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the polyimide-silica hybrid resin is characterized by high elongation at break. If the breaking elongation is defined, the breaking elongation measured by the method defined in JIS K7127 is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 50 to 150%.
- the binder may contain other resin together with the polyimide-silica hybrid resin.
- resins include polyimide resin, polyamide resin, polyamideimide resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, phenol resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene butadiene rubber, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc. Can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector can be a metal mesh or metal foil.
- the current collector include a porous or non-porous conductive substrate made of a metal material such as stainless steel, titanium, nickel, aluminum, or copper, or a conductive resin.
- the porous conductive substrate include a mesh body, a net body, a punching sheet, a lath body, a porous body, a foamed body, a fiber group molded body such as a nonwoven fabric, and the like.
- the non-porous conductive substrate include a foil, a sheet, and a film.
- the ten-point average roughness Rz may be a surface roughness of 4.5 ⁇ m or less, 4 ⁇ m or less, and further 1.5 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the above binder even if the surface roughness is 4.5 ⁇ m or less, it can withstand repeated stress generated by expansion and contraction of the silicon-based active material. However, even if a current collector having a surface roughness exceeding 4.5 ⁇ m is used, the durability is not greatly deteriorated.
- As a metal material having such a surface roughness there is an electrolytic metal foil or a rolled metal foil which is not roughened. These surface roughnesses are generally 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m in Rz.
- the ten-point surface roughness is defined in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS B0601-1994) and can be measured with a surface roughness meter or the like.
- the negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery can be produced through a negative electrode mixture layer forming composition preparation step, a negative electrode mixture layer formation step, and a heating step described below.
- the composition preparation step for forming a negative electrode mixture layer is a step of preparing a composition for forming a negative electrode mixture layer including a negative electrode active material containing Si and a binder raw material solution containing a silane-modified polyamic acid.
- a conductive additive may be further mixed.
- the negative electrode active material and the silane-modified polyamic acid are as described above. Prior to mixing with the binder, at least the negative electrode active material may be classified (sieved) to 100 ⁇ m or less, further 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the raw material of the binder such as silane-modified polyamic acid is mixed with the negative electrode active material or the like in the form of a powder (or dispersion) dissolved (or dispersed) in an organic solvent.
- the paste-form composition for negative mix layer formation which is easy to provide to a collector is obtained by adding an organic solvent to powder.
- Usable organic solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), methanol, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and the like.
- the compounding ratio of the organic solvent is a viscosity suitable for the composition for forming the obtained negative electrode mixture layer to be applied to the current collector in the subsequent negative electrode mixture layer forming step, specifically, room temperature ( It is desirable to select a value of 1000 to 9000 mPa ⁇ s as measured by a rotary (B type) viscometer at 25 ° C.
- a general mixing device such as a planetary mixer, a defoaming kneader, a ball mill, a paint shaker, a vibration mill, a reiki machine, an agitator mill may be used. .
- the negative electrode mixture layer forming step is a step of forming the negative electrode mixture layer by applying the composition prepared in the negative electrode mixture layer forming composition preparation step to the current collector.
- a negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery has an active material layer formed by binding at least a negative electrode active material with a binder attached to a current collector. Therefore, the obtained negative electrode mixture is preferably applied to the surface of the current collector.
- a coating method a conventionally known method such as a doctor blade or a bar coater may be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer is preferably formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector with a thickness of about 10 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the heating step is a step of heating the negative electrode mixture layer to cure the silane-modified polyamic acid by sol-gel curing and dehydration ring closure.
- the silane-modified polyamic acid is cured into a polyimide-silica hybrid resin.
- the heating temperature and time depend on the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer, almost 100% imidization occurs by heating at 350 to 430 ° C. for 1 to 2 hours. Heating may be performed in the air, or may be performed in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere, but is preferably in a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere. In this specification, the heating temperature is the atmospheric temperature of the heating. In addition, as a standard of heating conditions with an imidation ratio of 90 mol%, it is about 1 hour at 300 ° C.
- the negative electrode may be formed to have a desired thickness and density by a known method such as a roll press or a pressure press.
- the obtained negative electrode is in the form of a sheet, and is used after being cut into dimensions according to the specifications of the non-aqueous secondary battery to be produced.
- a non-aqueous secondary battery is composed of the positive electrode, the negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in which an electrolyte material is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- This non-aqueous secondary battery includes a separator and a non-aqueous electrolyte sandwiched between a positive electrode and a negative electrode in addition to a positive electrode and a negative electrode, as in a general secondary battery.
- the separator separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode and holds the non-aqueous electrolyte, and a thin microporous film such as polyethylene or polypropylene can be used.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is obtained by dissolving an alkali metal salt as an electrolyte in an organic solvent.
- an organic solvent there is no limitation in particular in the kind of nonaqueous electrolyte solution used with a nonaqueous secondary battery provided with said negative electrode for nonaqueous secondary batteries.
- aprotic organic solvents such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and the like. Can be used.
- an alkali metal salt that is soluble in an organic solvent such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiI, LiClO 4 , NaPF 6 , NaBF 4 , NaAsF 6 , LiBOB can be used.
- the negative electrode is as described above.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material into which alkali metal ions can be inserted and removed, and a binder that binds the positive electrode active material. Further, a conductive aid may be included.
- the positive electrode active material, the conductive additive, and the binder are not particularly limited as long as they can be used in the nonaqueous secondary battery. Specifically, examples of the positive electrode active material include LiCoO 2 , LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , Li 2 MnO 2 , and S.
- the current collector may be any material that is generally used for the positive electrode of a non-aqueous secondary battery, such as aluminum, nickel, and stainless steel.
- the shape of the non-aqueous secondary battery is not particularly limited, and various shapes such as a cylindrical shape, a stacked shape, and a coin shape can be adopted. Regardless of the shape, a separator is sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to form an electrode body, and the space between the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector to the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal is used for current collection. After connecting using a lead or the like, the electrode body is sealed in a battery case together with a non-aqueous electrolyte to form a battery.
- Silane-modified polyamic acids (I) and (II) were represented by the above-described formulas, and R 1 to R 4 , q, r, and m were as follows.
- R 1 is 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride residue
- R 2 is 4,4′diaminodiphenyl ether residue
- R 3 is a methyl group
- R 4 is a methoxy group.
- q is 1 to 2500
- r is 1 to 100
- m is 1 to 5.
- R 1 is 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride residue (95 mol%) and pyromellitic anhydride residue (5 mol%)
- R 2 is p-phenylene diamine residue (75 mol%) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether residue (25 mol%)
- R 3 is a methyl group
- R 4 is a methoxy group.
- q is 1 to 2500
- r is 1 to 100
- m is 1 to 5.
- the polyamic acids (III) and (IV) were represented by the following formula, and R 6 to R 7 and n were as follows.
- R 6 is 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride residue
- R 7 is 4,4′diaminodiphenyl ether residue
- n 100 to 300.
- R 6 is 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride residue (95 mol%) and pyromellitic anhydride residue (5 mol%)
- R 7 is p-phenylene Diamine residue (75 mol%) and 4,4 'diaminodiphenyl ether residue (25 mol%)
- n is 100-300.
- FIG. 6 shows a stress strain curve (SS curve) measured by preparing a test piece in which the above (I) to (IV) are completely cured.
- the SS curve shown in FIG. 6 was measured by the method defined in JIS K7127. Since the resins (III) and (IV) are polyimide resins not containing silica, the elongation at break exceeded 60%. On the other hand, the elongation at break of the resins (I) and (II) was lowered due to the presence of silica. Nevertheless, it was found that the resin (I) maintains a breaking elongation of about 70%. That is, it was found that the SS curves differ greatly depending on the structure of the segment made of polyamic acid.
- R 1 represents an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride residue containing 90 mol% or more of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride residue
- R 2 represents An aromatic diamine residue containing 90 mol% or more of 4,4′diaminodiphenyl ether residue
- R 3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 4 is independently an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the polyimide-silica hybrid resin obtained from the silane-modified polyamic acid in which q is 1 to 5000, r is 1 to 1000, and m is 1 to 100 has the same SS curve as (I) in FIG.
- the above composition was applied to the surface of the current collector to a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, dried, volatilized with an organic solvent, pressed, and punched into a predetermined shape. Then, it heated at 350 degreeC for about 1 hour with the vacuum furnace, and obtained 16 types of negative electrodes shown in Table 1.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the configuration of the electrode plate group of the laminate cell, which will be described in detail later, and the negative electrode produced by the above procedure corresponds to the electrode 11 of FIG.
- the electrode 11 includes a sheet-shaped current collector foil 12 made of a copper foil, and a negative electrode active material layer 13 formed on the surface of the current collector foil 12.
- the current collector foil 12 includes a rectangular (26 mm ⁇ 31 mm) composite material coating portion 12a and a tab weld portion 12b extending from a corner of the composite material coating portion 12a.
- a negative electrode active material layer 13 is formed on one surface of the composite material coating portion 12a.
- the negative electrode active material layer 13 is made of Si powder, a conductive additive, and a binder that binds both.
- the nickel tab 14 was resistance welded to the tab weld 12 b of the current collector foil 12. Furthermore, the resin film 15 was adhered to the tab weld portion 12b.
- a laminate cell was prepared using a positive electrode containing LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material as a counter electrode of the negative electrode obtained by the above procedure.
- the laminate cell includes an electrode plate group 10 formed by laminating any of the electrodes 11, the counter electrode 16, and the separator 19, a laminate film (not shown) that encloses and seals the electrode plate group 10, and a laminate film.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte injected into the inside. The production procedure of the laminate cell will be described with reference to FIG.
- the configuration of the electrode 11 was as described above.
- a positive electrode containing LiCoO 2 manufactured by Piotrek Co., Ltd.
- an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m was used as a current collector, a capacity was 2.2 mAh / cm 2 , and an electrode density was 2.8 g / cm 2 .
- the counter electrode 16 includes a rectangular (25 mm ⁇ 30 mm) composite material coating portion 16a and a tab weld portion 16b extending from a corner of the composite material coating portion 16a. It was set as the structure which consists of aluminum foil.
- a positive electrode active material layer containing LiCoO 2 was formed on one surface of the composite material coating portion 16a.
- An aluminum tab 17 was resistance welded to the tab weld 16b. Further, a resin film 18 was attached to the tab weld 16b.
- a rectangular sheet (27 mm ⁇ 32 mm, thickness 25 ⁇ m) made of polypropylene resin was used as the separator 19.
- the negative electrode active material layer and the positive electrode active material layer are stacked so that the negative electrode active material layer and the positive electrode active material layer face each other through the separator 19 in this order.
- a plate group 10 was constructed.
- the electrode plate group 10 was covered with a set of two laminated films, the three sides were sealed, and then a non-aqueous electrolyte was injected into the laminated film in a bag shape. Thereafter, the remaining one side was sealed to obtain a laminate cell in which the four sides were hermetically sealed, and the electrode plate group 10 and the non-aqueous electrolyte were sealed. Note that some of the tabs 14 and 17 of both poles extend outward for electrical connection to the outside.
- # 1-1 to # 1-4 and # 2-1 to # 2-4 all use a polyimide-silica hybrid resin as a binder.
- Batteries using the negative electrodes # 1-1 to # 1-4 using the high-breaking elongation type polyimide-silica hybrid resin (I) are high in any surface roughness current collector.
- the cycle life was superior to the battery using the negative electrode of # 2-1 to # 2-4 using the breaking strength type polyimide-silica hybrid resin (II).
- the high breaking strength type polyimide resin (IV) showed the same breaking elongation as the high breaking elongation type polyimide-silica hybrid resin (I) (see FIG. 6). However, in any of the results of # 4-1 to # 4-4, the discharge capacity retention rate after 80 cycles was less than 30%.
- # 1-1 to # 1-4 and # 3-1 to # 3-4 use a high breaking elongation type resin as a binder.
- Batteries using negative electrodes # 1-1 to # 1-4 using polyimide-silica hybrid resin (I) used negative electrodes # 3-1 to # 3-4 using polyimide resin (III). Compared with the battery, it showed the same or longer cycle life.
- Both the battery using the negative electrode of # 1-4 and the battery using the negative electrode of # 3-4 use a current collector with a surface roughness Rz of 5 ⁇ m. The discharge capacity retention rate was shown.
- the current collector with a large Rz is higher than that of the battery using the negative electrodes of # 3-1 to # 3-3 having a current collector with a small Rz.
- the battery using the negative electrode of # 3-4 was superior. That is, when the high breaking elongation type polyimide resin (III) is used, it is possible to increase the durability by roughening the surface of the current collector. However, if the high breaking elongation type polyimide-silica hybrid resin (I) is used, Durability is maintained without roughening the surface of the current collector.
- the durability on both sides of the electrode can be made equal if the high fracture elongation type polyimide-silica hybrid resin (I) is used. it can.
Abstract
Description
前記結着剤は、下記式(式中、R1は3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物残基を90モル%以上含む芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物残基、R2は4,4’ジアミノジフェニルエーテル残基を90モル%以上含む芳香族ジアミン残基、R3は炭素数1~8のアルキル基、R4は炭素数1~8のアルキル基またはアルコキシル基をそれぞれ独立に示し、qは1~5000、rは1~1000、mは1~100である。)で示されるシラン変性ポリアミック酸をゾル-ゲル硬化および脱水閉環させたポリイミド-シリカハイブリッド樹脂を含むことを特徴とする。
前記組成物を集電体に付与して負極合材層を形成する負極合材層形成工程と、
前記負極合材層を加熱して前記シラン変性ポリアミック酸をゾル-ゲル硬化および脱水閉環させる加熱工程と、
を経て、結着剤としてポリイミド-シリカハイブリッド樹脂を含む負極を得ることを特徴とする。
非水系二次電池用負極は、負極集電体と、負極活物質および結着剤、必要に応じて導電助材を含む負極合材からなり負極集電体の表面に形成された負極合材層と、を備える。結着剤は、負極活物質あるいは負極活物質と導電助材とを結着し、それらを負極集電体に保持する。
上記非水系二次電池用負極は、次に説明する負極合材層形成用組成物調製工程、負極合材層形成工程および加熱工程を経て作製可能である。
正極と、上記の非水系二次電池用負極と、電解質材料を有機溶媒に溶解した非水電解液と、で非水系二次電池が構成される。この非水系二次電池は、一般の二次電池と同様、正極および負極の他に、正極と負極の間に挟装されるセパレータおよび非水電解液を備える。
負極活物質として純度99.9%以上の市販のSi粉末(福田金属株式会社製、粒径10μm以下)、導電助材としてケッチェンブラック(KB:平均粒径:30~50nm)を準備した。また、これらの負極活物質および導電助材を結着する結着剤の原料として、2種類のシラン変性ポリアミック酸((I)高破断伸度タイプおよび(II)高破断強度タイプ)および2種類のポリアミック酸((III)高破断伸度タイプおよび(IV)高破断強度タイプ)を準備した。
正極活物質としてLiCoO2を含む正極を、上記の手順で得られた負極の対極として用い、ラミネートセルを作製した。ラミネートセルは、上記のうちのいずれかの電極11、対極16およびセパレータ19が積層されてなる極板群10と、極板群10を包み込んで密閉するラミネートフィルム(図示せず)と、ラミネートフィルム内に注入される非水電解液と、を備える。ラミネートセルの作製手順を、図5を用いて説明する。
上記の手順で作製したラミネートセルについて、室温(30℃)にて充放電試験を行った。充放電試験は、1Cで4.2VまでCCCV充電(定電流定電圧充電)を2.5時間行った後、1Cで3VまでCC放電(定電流放電)を行い、これを1サイクルとして80サイクル繰り返した。電流は、16.5mAの定電流とした。そして、1サイクル目の放電容量を100としたときの、各サイクルにおける放電容量を算出し、放電容量維持率(%)とした。結果を図1~図4に示す。
Claims (9)
- 負極集電体と、珪素(Si)を含む負極活物質および結着剤を少なくとも含む負極合材からなり該負極集電体の表面に形成された負極合材層と、を備え、
前記結着剤は、下記式(式中、R1は3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物残基を90モル%以上含む芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物残基、R2は4,4’ジアミノジフェニルエーテル残基を90モル%以上含む芳香族ジアミン残基、R3は炭素数1~8のアルキル基、R4は炭素数1~8のアルキル基またはアルコキシル基をそれぞれ独立に示し、qは1~5000、rは1~1000、mは1~100である。)で示されるシラン変性ポリアミック酸をゾル-ゲル硬化および脱水閉環させたポリイミド-シリカハイブリッド樹脂を含むことを特徴とする非水系二次電池用負極。
- 前記負極集電体の表面粗さは、十点平均粗さ(Rz)で4.5μm以下である請求項1記載の非水系二次電池用負極。
- 前記負極集電体の表面粗さは、十点平均粗さ(Rz)で1.5~3μmである請求項2記載の非水系二次電池用負極。
- 前記集電体は、粗面化処理されていない電解金属箔または圧延金属箔である請求項1記載の非水系二次電池用負極。
- 前記ポリイミド-シリカハイブリッド樹脂は、破断伸度が50%以上である請求項1記載の非水系二次電池用負極。
- 前記式中、R1は3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物残基、R2は4,4’ジアミノジフェニルエーテル残基、R3はメチル基、R4はメトキシ基、qは1~2500、rは1~100、mは1~5である請求項1記載の非水系二次電池用負極。
- 前記結着剤は、前記シラン変性ポリアミック酸のアミド酸基のうちの90モル%以上がイミド化してなる請求項1記載の非水系二次電池用負極。
- 珪素(Si)を含む負極活物質と、下記式(式中、R1は3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物残基を90モル%以上含む芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物残基、R2は4,4’ジアミノジフェニルエーテル残基を90モル%以上含む芳香族ジアミン残基、R3は炭素数1~8のアルキル基、R4は炭素数1~8のアルキル基またはアルコキシル基をそれぞれ独立に示し、qは1~5000、rは1~1000、mは1~100である。)で示されるシラン変性ポリアミック酸を含む結着剤原料溶液と、を含む負極合材層形成用組成物を調製する負極合材層形成用組成物調製工程と、
前記組成物を集電体に付与して負極合材層を形成する負極合材層形成工程と、
前記負極合材層を加熱して前記シラン変性ポリアミック酸をゾル-ゲル硬化および脱水閉環させる加熱工程と、
を経て、結着剤としてポリイミド-シリカハイブリッド樹脂を含む負極を得ることを特徴とする非水系二次電池用負極の製造方法。
- 前記加熱工程は、350~430℃で1~2時間加熱する工程である請求項8記載の非水系二次電池用負極の製造方法。
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