WO2011034162A1 - リチウム二次電池の非水電解液用溶媒 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池の非水電解液用溶媒 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011034162A1 WO2011034162A1 PCT/JP2010/066177 JP2010066177W WO2011034162A1 WO 2011034162 A1 WO2011034162 A1 WO 2011034162A1 JP 2010066177 W JP2010066177 W JP 2010066177W WO 2011034162 A1 WO2011034162 A1 WO 2011034162A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/166—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by the solute
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solvent for a non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium secondary battery, a non-aqueous electrolyte containing the solvent, and a lithium secondary battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Requirement characteristics for non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries are becoming stricter year by year. As one of such required characteristics, an electrolytic solution that can be used under a high voltage is desired.
- FEC and difluoroethylene carbonate have a problem that they are vulnerable to moisture (easy to be hydrolyzed), and CF 3 -EC has a problem of high oxidation resistance but high viscosity.
- Monofluoroalkyl-substituted ethylene carbonates such as RfCH 2 -EC and RfCH 2 OCH 2 -EC have a problem of higher viscosity due to the presence of an alkyl group next to the carbon of EC, and 1,2-ditrifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate
- Such a difluoroalkyl-substituted ethylene carbonate has a problem that the reduction potential is low. Because of these problems, further improvements are required in battery characteristics of lithium secondary batteries under even higher voltages, such as discharge capacity, load characteristics, and cycle characteristics.
- the present inventors have been particularly difficult to hydrolyze 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate, and an electrolytic solution containing this 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate in a specific ratio.
- the present inventors have found that a lithium secondary battery produced using a liquid solvent can ensure stable battery characteristics even when used under a high voltage, thereby completing the present invention.
- the present invention provides a solvent for a non-aqueous electrolyte that provides a lithium secondary battery excellent in discharge capacity, load characteristics, and cycle characteristics even under high voltage, a non-aqueous electrolyte using the solvent, and a lithium secondary battery.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the present invention is a solvent for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing non-fluorine cyclic carbonate (I), non-fluorine chain carbonate (II), and 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III), And (II) and (III) are 100% by volume, the non-fluorine cyclic carbonate (I) is 10 to 50% by volume, and the non-fluorine chain carbonate (II) is 49.9 to 89.9% by volume. %, And 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III) is 0.1 volume% or more and 30 volume% or less.
- non-fluorine cyclic carbonate (I) one or a mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate is preferable from the viewpoint of good cycle characteristics.
- non-fluorine chain carbonate (II) at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate is preferable from the viewpoint of good load characteristics.
- 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III) is preferably 1,1-ditrifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate from the viewpoint of low viscosity.
- 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III) is preferable because its electrolyte content hardly occurs when its water content is 40 ppm or less.
- the ratio of the components (I), (II) and (III) is such that when the total of the components (I), (II) and (III) is 100% by volume, the non-fluorine cyclic carbonate (I) is 10 to 10%. 40 vol%, non-fluorine chain carbonate (II) 59.9-89.9 vol%, and 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III) 0.1 vol% to 10 vol% It is preferable from the viewpoint of good low-temperature characteristics.
- the present invention also relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery containing the solvent for non-aqueous electrolyte solution and an electrolyte salt.
- the present invention also relates to a lithium secondary battery using the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III) is not easily hydrolyzed specifically, and 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III) and non-fluorinated cyclic carbonate (I) And non-fluorine chain carbonate (II) in combination at a specific ratio to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent that provides a lithium secondary battery that is specifically excellent in discharge capacity, load characteristics, and cycle characteristics.
- a lithium secondary battery can be provided.
- the solvent for non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention contains non-fluorine cyclic carbonate (I), non-fluorine chain carbonate (II) and 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III) in a specific ratio.
- Non-fluorine cyclic carbonate examples include one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, and the like.
- ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) have a high dielectric constant and are particularly excellent in solubility of the electrolyte salt, and are preferable for the electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- This non-fluorine cyclic carbonate has excellent electrolyte salt solubility, as well as improved load characteristics and improved dielectric constant.
- vinylene carbonate also has a reduced discharge capacity, it can be added as an additional (optional) component in order to improve cycle characteristics.
- the blending amount is preferably 0.1 to 10% by volume with respect to the entire electrolyte.
- Non-fluorine chain carbonate examples include CH 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CH 3 (diethyl carbonate; DEC), CH 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 3 (methyl ethyl carbonate; MEC), CH One or more hydrocarbon chain carbonates such as 3 OCOOCH 3 (dimethyl carbonate; DMC) and CH 3 OCOOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 (methylpropyl carbonate) can be used.
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- MEC CH 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 3
- MEC methyl ethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- CH 3 OCOOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 methylpropyl carbonate
- 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonates are in the category of fluorine-containing ethylene carbonates, but are ethylene carbonates substituted with two fluorinated alkyl groups at the 1-position, and 4,4-bis-fluorinated alkyls Also referred to as -1,3-dioxolan-2-one.
- the two fluorinated alkyl groups may be the same or different.
- Fluorinated alkyl groups include CH 2 F, CHF 2 , CF 3 , CH 2 FCH 2 , CHF 2 CH 2 , CF 3 CH 2 , CH 2 FCFH, CHF 2 CFH, CF 3 CFH, CH 2 FCF 2 and CHF.
- 2 CF 2, CF 3 CF 2, CF 3 CF 2 fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such as CF 2 is preferred from the viewpoint low viscosity.
- 1,1-ditrifluoromethylethylene carbonate (4,4-bis-trifluoromethyl- [1,3] dioxolan-2-one), 1,1-dipentafluoroethylethylene carbonate (4,4 4-bis-pentafluoroethyl- [1,3] dioxolan-2-one), 1-trifluoromethyl-1-pentafluoroethylethylene carbonate (4-pentafluoroethyl-4-trifluoromethyl- [1,3 Dioxolan-2-one) and the like, and 1,1-ditrifluoromethylethylene carbonate is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of low viscosity.
- This 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III) has higher oxidation resistance and higher oxidation than similar fluorine-containing ethylene carbonates such as monofluoroethylene carbonates such as monofluoroethylene carbonate and dialkyl monofluoroethylene carbonate.
- the discharge capacity, load characteristics, cycle characteristics, and resistance reduction of lithium secondary batteries under voltage are particularly excellent.
- it is harder to hydrolyze than difluoroethylene carbonates such as difluoroethylene carbonate and difluoromonoalkylethylene carbonate, and further, discharge capacity, load characteristics, cycle characteristics, and internal resistance of lithium secondary batteries under high voltage are increased. It is particularly excellent in reducing
- the reduction potential is lower than that of structural isomers such as 1,2-ditrifluoromethylethylene carbonate, decomposition at the negative electrode is suppressed, and the discharge capacity and load characteristics of the lithium secondary battery under high voltage In particular, it is excellent in improving cycle characteristics and reducing internal resistance.
- the blending ratio is 10-50% by volume of non-fluorine cyclic carbonate (I) and non-fluorine chain carbonate (II) when the total of components (I), (II) and (III) is 100% by volume. 49.9 to 89.9% by volume, and 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III) is 0.1% by volume to 30% by volume.
- the content of the non-fluorine cyclic carbonate (I) is too large, the compatibility with other components is lowered, and especially in a low-temperature atmosphere (for example, ⁇ 30 to ⁇ 20 ° C.) such as the outside temperature in winter and the room temperature of a freezer. , May cause layer separation with other components.
- a low-temperature atmosphere for example, ⁇ 30 to ⁇ 20 ° C.
- the preferable upper limit is 35% by volume, and further 30% by volume.
- the solubility of the electrolyte salt in the entire solvent is lowered, and a desired electrolyte concentration (0.8 mol / liter or more) cannot be achieved.
- the non-fluorine cyclic carbonate (I) is blended so as to be less than the non-fluorine chain carbonate (II) so that the compatibility between the solvent components does not decrease.
- the compatibility between the solvent components is increased. Since it can be ensured, a uniform electrolyte can be formed in a wide temperature range, and it is preferable from the viewpoint of improving load characteristics and cycle characteristics of the lithium secondary battery.
- the blending amount of 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III) is 30% by volume or less.
- the discharge capacity tends to decrease, and the allowable upper limit is 30% by volume.
- Component (III) can exert its effect in a relatively small amount. Preferably it is 10 volume% or less.
- the effective lower limit value is preferably 0.1% by volume, and more preferably 0.5% by volume.
- 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III) is considered to form a good quality film on the negative electrode, and to reduce resistance as a result. Therefore, when a carbonaceous material such as graphite is used for the negative electrode, it is particularly preferably 5% by volume or less. Further, when an alloy-based material is used for the negative electrode, the expansion and contraction are large, and a more stable coating than that of the carbonaceous material system is required.
- the non-fluorine cyclic carbonate (I) is 10 to 40 volumes. %, Non-fluorine chain carbonate (II) 59.9 to 89.9% by volume, and 1,1-difluorinated alkyl ethylene carbonate (III) 0.1% by volume to 10% by volume. can give.
- the solvent for the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention can solve the problems of the present invention only with the components (I), (II) and (III), but other solvents known as solvents for the non-aqueous electrolyte can be used as the component (I). And may be added in addition to (II) and (III).
- the type and blending amount must be within a range that does not impair the solution of the problems of the present invention.
- the present invention also relates to an electrolytic solution for a lithium secondary battery containing the nonaqueous electrolytic solution solvent of the present invention and an electrolyte salt.
- Examples of the electrolyte salt used in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention include LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 and the like.
- LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 or a combination thereof is particularly preferable.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt is required to be 0.5 mol / liter or more, further 0.8 mol / liter or more.
- the upper limit is usually 1.5 mol / liter.
- the solvent for non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention has a dissolving ability that brings the concentration of the electrolyte salt into a range satisfying these requirements.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention includes a flame retardant, a surfactant, a high dielectric additive, a cycle characteristic within the range in which the volume ratio of the components (I) to (III) is not lost and the effects of the present invention are not impaired. And when it aims at a load characteristic improving agent and safety
- the flame retardant a conventionally known flame retardant can be used.
- the phosphate ester may be blended in order to impart incombustibility (non-ignition property).
- the blending amount is 1 to 10% by volume with respect to the solvent for the non-aqueous electrolyte, and ignition can be prevented.
- phosphate esters include fluorine-containing alkyl phosphate esters, non-fluorine alkyl phosphate esters, aryl phosphate esters, etc., but fluorine-containing alkyl phosphate esters contribute to the incombustibility of electrolytes in a small amount. It is preferable because of its non-flammable effect.
- fluorine-containing alkyl phosphate ester examples include fluorine-containing dialkyl phosphate esters described in JP-A No. 11-233141, cyclic alkyl phosphate esters described in JP-A No. 11-283669, and fluorine-containing trialkyl phosphate esters. Examples thereof include alkyl phosphate esters.
- the fluorine-containing trialkyl phosphate ester has a high ability to impart nonflammability and also has good compatibility with the components (I) to (III), so that the addition amount can be reduced and 1 to 8 volumes. %, And even 1 to 5% by volume can prevent ignition.
- Rf is CF 3 —, CF 3 CF 2 —, CF 3 CH 2 —, HCF 2 CF 2 —, or CF 3 CFHCF 2.
- Rf is CF 3 —, CF 3 CF 2 —, CF 3 CH 2 —, HCF 2 CF 2 —, or CF 3 CFHCF 2.
- tri-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl phosphate and tri-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl phosphate are preferable.
- fluorine-containing carbonates other than component (III)
- fluorine-containing lactones fluorine-containing sulfolanes
- fluorine-containing ethers fluorine-containing ethers and the like
- fluorine-containing carbonate for example, Rf 1 -O-Rf 2 (Rf 1 and Rf 2 may be the same or different and may have a fluorine atom, and may have a fluorine atom.
- high dielectric additive examples include sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, acetonitrile, propionitrile and the like.
- overcharge inhibitor examples include hexafluorobenzene, fluorobenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, dichloroaniline, difluoroaniline, and toluene.
- Tetrahydrofuran and silicate compounds are effective for improving the load characteristics.
- the present invention also relates to a lithium secondary battery using the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and the electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- the positive electrode active material used for the positive electrode is a cobalt-based composite oxide, a nickel-based composite oxide, or a manganese-based composite. It is preferable that at least one lithium compound selected from the group consisting of oxides, iron-based composite oxides, and vanadium-based composite oxides has a high energy density and provides a high-power lithium secondary battery.
- a preferable positive electrode active material is a lithium compound represented by the following formula (A).
- Formula (A1) LiNi x Co y Al z O 2 (Wherein 0.7 ⁇ x ⁇ 1; 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3; 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.1; 0.9 ⁇ x + y + z ⁇ 1.1)
- Formula (A2) LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 (Wherein 0.3 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.6; 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.4; 0.3 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.6; 0.9 ⁇ x + y + z ⁇ 1.1)
- Formula (A3) Li x Mn z O 2 (Wherein 0.4 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.6; 0.9 ⁇ z ⁇ 1), or formula (A4): LiFe x Co y Mn z O 2 (Wherein 0.3 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.6; 0.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.4; 0.3 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.6; 0.9 ⁇ x + y + z ⁇ 1.1
- lithium-containing composite metal oxide represented by the formula (A1) for example, LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2, LiNi 0.7 Co 0.3 O 2, LiNi 0.82 Co 0.15 Al 0.03 O 2, LiNi 0.7 Co 0.2 Al 0.1 O 2 , LiNi 0.85 Co 0.1 Al 0.5 O 2 and the like.
- LiNi 0.82 Co 0.15 Al 0.03 O 2 (NCA) is preferable.
- lithium-containing composite metal oxide represented by the formula (A2) include, for example, LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 , LiNi 0.75 Mn 0.25 O 2 , LiNi 0.25 Mn 0.75 O 2 , LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn Examples thereof include 1/3 O 2 , LiNi 0.4 Co 0.2 Mn 0.4 O 2 , and LiNi 0.3 Co 0.5 Mn 0.2 O 2. Among these, LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NCM) is preferable.
- lithium-containing composite metal oxide represented by the formula (A3) include Li 0.5 MnO 2 (spinel manganese), LiMnO 2 and the like.
- lithium-containing composite metal oxide represented by the formula (A4) include, for example, LiFe 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , Li 0.5 Fe 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , LiFe 0.4 Co 0.3 Mn 0.3 O 2 , Li 0.5 Fe 0.4 Co 0.3 Mn 0.3 O 2 and the like.
- LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 and the like can also be used.
- the particles of the positive electrode active material are mainly secondary particles, and the secondary particles It is preferable to contain 0.5 to 7.0% by volume of fine particles having an average particle size of 40 ⁇ m or less and an average primary particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the contact area with the electrolytic solution is increased, and the diffusion of lithium ions between the electrode and the electrolytic solution can be accelerated, and the output performance can be improved.
- Examples of the negative electrode active material used for the negative electrode in the present invention include carbon materials, and also include metal oxides and metal nitrides into which lithium ions can be inserted.
- Examples of carbon materials include natural graphite, artificial graphite, pyrolytic carbons, cokes, mesocarbon microbeads, carbon fibers, activated carbon, and pitch-coated graphite.
- Metal oxides capable of inserting lithium ions include tin and Examples of the metal compound include silicon and titanium, such as tin oxide, silicon oxide, and lithium titanate. Examples of the metal nitride include Li 2.6 Co 0.4 N.
- the separator that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and is a microporous polyethylene film, a microporous polypropylene film, a microporous ethylene-propylene copolymer film, a microporous polypropylene / polyethylene bilayer film, a microporous polypropylene / polyethylene / Examples thereof include a polypropylene three-layer film. Moreover, in order to prevent a short circuit etc. and improve safety, the film etc. which coated the aramid resin on the separator are also mentioned.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is useful as a large-sized lithium secondary battery for a hybrid vehicle or a distributed power source, a small-sized lithium secondary battery such as a mobile phone or a portable information terminal.
- Electrolyte salt (V) (VA): LiPF 6 (VB): LiN (O 2 SCF 3 ) 2 (VC): LiN (O 2 SC 2 F 5 ) 2 (VD): LiBF 4
- IR Infrared spectroscopic analysis
- a mechanical stirrer, Dimroth, and dropping funnel were attached to a 3 L glass-made 4-neck flask.
- 1 L of pure water was put into a reaction vessel, and then 69 g (1.93 mol) of sodium tetrahydroborate was added and dissolved.
- Thereto was added dropwise 515 g (2.28 mol) of 2-hydroxy-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethylpropionic acid methyl ester (hereinafter referred to as MTTHP).
- MTTHP 2-hydroxy-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethylpropionic acid methyl ester
- a mechanical stirrer, Dimroth, and dropping funnel were attached to a glass 1 L 4-neck flask.
- 400 mL of IPE is placed in a reaction vessel, and 133 g (0.45 mol) of triphosgene is dissolved therein, and 222 g of 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethylpropane-1,2-diol is added. (1.71 mol) was added.
- 170 g (1.68 mol) of triethylamine was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.
- the reaction solution was quenched by adding 600 mL of pure water, separated, and the organic layer was washed with 600 mL of 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid, separated, washed with 600 mL of pure water, and then separated.
- Secard KW manufactured by Shinagawa Kasei Co., Ltd.
- magnesium sulfate were added to the obtained organic layer for deoxidation and dehydration.
- the filtrate was recovered by suction filtration and rectified under normal pressure using a 10-stage Oldershaw to obtain 264 g of 1,1-ditrifluoromethylethylene carbonate (isolation yield 69%, purity 99.5%). It was. Thereafter, molecular sieves 3A (manufactured by Wako Sakai) was added, and the water content was reduced to 30 ppm.
- a stir bar was placed in a 300 mL four-necked flask, and a septum, a Dim funnel, and a dropping funnel were attached. 100 mL of pure water was added thereto, and 50 mL of 50 mass% NaOH aqueous solution was added. The reaction solution was cooled to ⁇ 5 ° C., and 15 g (211 mmol) of chlorine gas was introduced while bubbling to prepare a NaOCl solution. Next, 0.5 g (1.24 mmol) of phase transfer catalyst Aliquat 336 (manufactured by Aldrich) was added to this solution, and the reaction solution was brought to 0 ° C.
- phase transfer catalyst Aliquat 336 manufactured by Aldrich
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- Measurement example 1 (LSV measurement) Measured by adding LiPF 6 as an electrolyte salt to a concentration of 0.1 mol / liter to 5 mL of 1,1-ditrifluoromethylethylene carbonate (IIIA) (water content 30 ppm) and stirring sufficiently at 25 ° C. A non-aqueous electrolyte solution 1 was prepared.
- IIIA 1,1-ditrifluoromethylethylene carbonate
- LiPF 6 as an electrolyte salt was added to 5 mL of propylene carbonate (IB) to a concentration of 0.1 mol / liter, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred at 25 ° C. to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte solution 2 for comparison. did.
- LiPF 6 as an electrolyte salt was added to 5 mL of monofluoroethylene carbonate (IVA) so as to have a concentration of 0.1 mol / liter, and sufficiently stirred at 25 ° C. to prepare a nonaqueous electrolyte solution 3 for comparison. did.
- the electrolytic solution of Example 1 has a higher potential at which the rapid start of the electrolytic solution starts decomposing than the electrolytic solutions of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, and the decomposition rate is slow. It is understood that it is strong.
- Example 1 Ethylene carbonate (IA) as component (I), dimethyl carbonate (IIA) as component (II), 1,1-ditrifluoromethylethylene carbonate (IIIA) (water content 30 ppm) as component (III)
- the mixture was mixed so that the ratio was 3% by volume, and LiPF 6 was added as an electrolyte salt to the nonaqueous electrolyte solution so as to have a concentration of 1.0 mol / liter, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred at 25 ° C.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared.
- Example 2 A nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1-trifluoromethyl-1-pentafluoroethylethylene carbonate (IIIB) (water content 30 ppm) was used as component (III).
- IIIB 1-trifluoromethyl-1-pentafluoroethylethylene carbonate
- Examples 3-8 In the same manner as in Example 1, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention was prepared using the types and amounts shown in Table 1 as Component (I), Component (II), and Component (III).
- Examples 9-11 instead of LiPF 6 (VA) as an electrolyte salt, LiN (O 2 SCF 3 ) 2 (VB) (Example 9), LiN (O 2 SC 2 F 5 ) 2 (VC) (Example 10) or LiBF 4 (VD) (Example 11) was used, and the non-aqueous solution of the present invention was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and amounts shown in Table 2 were used as Component (I), Component (II), and Component (III). An electrolyte solution was prepared.
- Example 12-21 The non-aqueous solution of the present invention was the same as in Example 1 except that LiPF 6 (VA) was used as the electrolyte salt and the types and amounts shown in Table 2 were used as Component (I), Component (II), and Component (III). An electrolyte solution was prepared.
- LiPF 6 VA
- Table 2 the types and amounts shown in Table 2 were used as Component (I), Component (II), and Component (III).
- An electrolyte solution was prepared.
- Example 30 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 30% by volume of ethylene carbonate (IA) was used as component (I), 70% by volume of diethyl carbonate (IIC) was used as component (II), and no component (III) was added. A non-aqueous electrolyte for comparison was prepared.
- IA ethylene carbonate
- IIC diethyl carbonate
- III no component
- Comparative Example 2 30% by volume of ethylene carbonate (IA) is used as component (I), 67% by volume of dimethyl carbonate (IIA) is used as component (II), and 3% by volume of monofluoroethylene carbonate (IVA) is used as component (IV).
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution for comparison was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the component (III) was not blended.
- Comparative Example 3 30% by volume of ethylene carbonate (IA) is used as component (I), 67% by volume of dimethyl carbonate (IIA) is used as component (II), and 3% by volume of 1,1-difluoroethylene carbonate (IVB) is used as component (IV).
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for comparison was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the component (III) was not added.
- Comparative Example 4 10% by volume of ethylene carbonate (IA) is used as component (I), 59% by volume of dimethyl carbonate (IIA) is used as component (II), and 1,1-ditrifluoromethylethylene carbonate (IIIA) 31 is used as component (III).
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution for comparison was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the volume% was used.
- Comparative Example 5 30% by volume of ethylene carbonate (IA) is used as component (I), 67% by volume of dimethyl carbonate (IIA) is used as component (II), and 1,2-ditrifluoromethylethylene carbonate (IVC) 3 is used as component (IV).
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution for comparison was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the volume% was used and the component (III) was not blended.
- Test 1 Measurement of battery characteristics
- a cylindrical secondary battery was produced by the following method.
- a positive electrode active material in which LiCoO 2 , carbon black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: KF-1000) are mixed at 90/3/7 (mass% ratio) is dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone Then, the slurry is applied uniformly on a positive electrode current collector (aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m), dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer, and then compression-molded with a roller press and then cut. The lead body was then welded to produce a strip-shaped positive electrode.
- a negative electrode current collector (thickness 10 ⁇ m) was prepared by adding styrene-butadiene rubber dispersed in distilled water to artificial graphite powder to a solid content of 6% by mass and mixing with a disperser to form a slurry. On the copper foil) and dried to form a negative electrode mixture layer, then compression molded with a roller press, cut, dried, welded the lead body, Produced.
- the strip-shaped positive electrode was stacked on the strip-shaped negative electrode via a microporous polyethylene film (separator) having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m and wound in a spiral shape to obtain a laminated electrode body having a spiral winding structure.
- the positive electrode current collector was wound so that the rough surface side was the outer peripheral side.
- the electrode body was filled in a bottomed cylindrical battery case having an outer diameter of 18 mm, and the positive and negative lead bodies were welded.
- Charging / discharging conditions Charging: 1.0C, holding until the charging current becomes 1 / 10C at 4.4V (CC / CV charging) Discharge: 1C 3.0Vcut (CC discharge)
- Cycle maintenance ratio (%) 100 cycle discharge capacity (mAh) / 1 cycle discharge capacity (mAh) ⁇ 100
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Abstract
Description
非フッ素環状カーボネート(I)としては、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネートなどの1種または2種以上があげられる。なかでも、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)は誘電率が高く、また電解質塩の溶解性に特に優れており、本発明の電解液に好ましい。
非フッ素鎖状カーボネート(II)としては、たとえばCH3CH2OCOOCH2CH3(ジエチルカーボネート;DEC)、CH3CH2OCOOCH3(メチルエチルカーボネート;MEC)、CH3OCOOCH3(ジメチルカーボネート;DMC)、CH3OCOOCH2CH2CH3(メチルプロピルカーボネート)などの炭化水素系鎖状カーボネートの1種または2種以上があげられる。これらのうち粘性が低く、かつ低温特性が良好なことから、DEC、MEC、DMCが好ましい。
含フッ素エチレンカーボネートの範疇に入るが、1位に2個のフッ素化アルキル基が置換したエチレンカーボネートであり、4,4-ビス-フッ素化アルキル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オンとも称される。
Rf1-O-Rf2
(Rf1およびRf2は同じかまたは異なり、フッ素原子を含んでいてもよい炭素数1~3のアルキル基。ただし、Rf1およびRf2の少なくとも一方はフッ素原子を含む)で示される含フッ素鎖状カーボネート、または
などがあげられる。
式(A):
LixM1 yM2 1-yO2
(式中、0.4≦x≦1;0.3≦y≦1;M1はNiおよびMnよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種;M2はCo、AlおよびFeよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種)で示されるリチウム含有複合金属酸化物である。
式(A1):
LiNixCoyAlzO2
(式中、0.7≦x≦1;0≦y≦0.3;0≦z≦0.1;0.9≦x+y+z≦1.1)、
式(A2):
LiNixCoyMnzO2
(式中、0.3≦x≦0.6;0≦y≦0.4;0.3≦z≦0.6;0.9≦x+y+z≦1.1)、
式(A3):
LixMnzO2
(式中、0.4≦x≦0.6;0.9≦z≦1)、または
式(A4):
LiFexCoyMnzO2
(式中、0.3≦x≦0.6;0.1≦y≦0.4;0.3≦z≦0.6;0.9≦x+y+z≦1.1)
で示されるリチウム含有複合金属酸化物が好ましい。
(IA):エチレンカーボネート
(IB):プロピレンカーボネート
(IIA):ジメチルカーボネート
(IIB):メチルエチルカーボネート
(IIC):ジエチルカーボネート
(IIIA):1,1-ジトリフルオロメチルエチレンカーボネート
(IIIB):1-トリフルオロメチル-1-ペンタフルオロエチルエチレンカーボネート
(IVA):モノフルオロエチレンカーボネート
(IVB):1,1-ジフルオロエチレンカーボネート
(IVC):1,2-ジトリフルオロメチルエチレンカーボネート
(VA):LiPF6
(VB):LiN(O2SCF3)2
(VC):LiN(O2SC2F5)2
(VD):LiBF4
装置:BRUKER製のAC-300
測定条件:
19F-NMR:282MHz(トリフルオロメチルベンゼン=-62.3ppm)
1H-MNR:300MHz(トリフルオロメチルベンゼン=7.51ppm)
Perkin Elmer社製フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計1760Xで室温にて測定する。
カールフィッシャー水分量測定装置(MKC-501 京都電子工業株式会社製)を用い測定を行った。
1H-NMR(CDCl3:TMS標準):δ 4.69ppm(s、2H)
IR:1460cm-1
1H-NMR(CDCl3:TMS標準):δ 4.15ppm(s、2H)
IR:1463cm-1
1,1-ジトリフルオロメチルエチレンカーボネート(IIIA)(水分含有量30ppm)5mLに電解質塩としてLiPF6を0.1モル/リットルの濃度となるように加え、25℃にて充分に攪拌して測定用の非水電解液1を調製した。
BAS社製ボルタンメトリー用密閉セル(VC-4)を用い、作用極に白金極、対極・参照極にLiを用い測定用電解液を3mL入れて測定セルを作製した。このセルを25℃一定でポテンショ-ガルバノスタット(ソーラトロン社の1287型)を用い、自然電位から7.0Vまで5mV/secでスキャンした。その結果を図1に示す。
成分(I)としてエチレンカーボネート(IA)、成分(II)としてジメチルカーボネート(IIA)、成分(III)として1,1-ジトリフルオロメチルエチレンカーボネート(IIIA)(水分含有量30ppm)を30/67/3体積%比となるように混合し、この非水電解液用溶媒にさらに電解質塩としてLiPF6を1.0モル/リットルの濃度となるように加え、25℃にて充分に撹拌し本発明の非水電解液を調製した。
成分(III)として1-トリフルオロメチル-1-ペンタフルオロエチルエチレンカーボネート(IIIB)(水分含有量30ppm)を用いたほかは実施例1と同様にして本発明の非水電解液を調製した。
実施例1と同様にして、成分(I)、成分(II)、成分(III)として表1に示す種類と量を用いて本発明の非水電解液を調製した。
電解質塩としてLiPF6(VA)に代えて、LiN(O2SCF3)2(VB)(実施例9)、LiN(O2SC2F5)2(VC)(実施例10)またはLiBF4(VD)(実施例11)を用い、成分(I)、成分(II)、成分(III)として表2に示す種類と量を用いたほかは実施例1と同様にして本発明の非水電解液を調製した。
電解質塩としてLiPF6(VA)を用い、成分(I)、成分(II)、成分(III)として表2に示す種類と量を用いたほかは実施例1と同様にして本発明の非水電解液を調製した。
成分(I)としてエチレンカーボネート(IA)30体積%を用い、成分(II)としてジエチルカーボネート(IIC)70体積%を用い、成分(III)を配合しなかったほかは実施例1と同様にして比較用の非水電解液を調製した。
成分(I)としてエチレンカーボネート(IA)30体積%を用い、成分(II)としてジメチルカーボネート(IIA)67体積%を用い、成分(IV)としてモノフルオロエチレンカーボネート(IVA)3体積%を用い、成分(III)を配合しなかったほかは実施例1と同様にして比較用の非水電解液を調製した。
成分(I)としてエチレンカーボネート(IA)30体積%を用い、成分(II)としてジメチルカーボネート(IIA)67体積%を用い、成分(IV)として1,1-ジフルオロエチレンカーボネート(IVB)3体積%を用い、成分(III)を配合しなかったほかは実施例1と同様にして比較用の非水電解液を調製した。
成分(I)としてエチレンカーボネート(IA)10体積%を用い、成分(II)としてジメチルカーボネート(IIA)59体積%を用い、成分(III)として1,1-ジトリフルオロメチルエチレンカーボネート(IIIA)31体積%を用いたほかは実施例1と同様にして比較用の非水電解液を調製した。
成分(I)としてエチレンカーボネート(IA)30体積%を用い、成分(II)としてジメチルカーボネート(IIA)67体積%を用い、成分(IV)として1,2-ジトリフルオロメチルエチレンカーボネート(IVC)3体積%を用い、成分(III)を配合しなかったほかは実施例1と同様にして比較用の非水電解液を調製した。
以下の方法で円筒型二次電池を作製した。
充放電電流をCで表示した場合、1800mAを1Cとして以下の充放電測定条件で測定を行う。評価は、比較例1の放電容量の結果を100とした指数で行う。
充電:1.0C、4.4Vにて充電電流が1/10Cになるまでを保持(CC・CV充電)
放電:1C 3.0Vcut(CC放電)
充電については、1.0Cで4.4Vにて充電電流が1/10Cになるまで充電し0.2C相当の電流で3.0Vまで放電し、放電容量を求める。引き続き、1.0Cで4.4Vにて充電電流が1/10Cになるまで充電し、2C相当の電流で3.0Vになるまで放電し、放電容量を求める。この2Cでの放電容量と、0.2Cでの放電容量との比から、つぎの計算式に代入して負荷特性を求める。
負荷特性(%)=2C放電容量(mAh)/0.2C放電容量(mAh)×100
サイクル特性については、上記の充放電条件(1.0Cで4.4Vにて充電電流が1/10Cになるまで充電し1C相当の電流で3.0Vまで放電する)で行う充放電サイクルを1サイクルとし、最初のサイクル後の放電容量と100サイクル後の放電容量を測定する。サイクル特性は、つぎの計算式で求められた値をサイクル維持率の値とする。
サイクル維持率(%)=100サイクル放電容量(mAh)/1サイクル放電容量(mAh)×100
Claims (8)
- 非フッ素環状カーボネート(I)と非フッ素鎖状カーボネート(II)と1,1-ジフッ素化アルキルエチレンカーボネート(III)とを含む非水電解液用溶媒であって、(I)と(II)と(III)の合計を100体積%としたときに、非フッ素環状カーボネート(I)が10~50体積%、非フッ素鎖状カーボネート(II)が49.9~89.9体積%、および1,1-ジフッ素化アルキルエチレンカーボネート(III)が0.1体積%以上で30体積%以下であるリチウム二次電池の非水電解液用溶媒。
- 非フッ素環状カーボネート(I)が、エチレンカーボネートおよびプロピレンカーボネートの1種または混合物である請求項1記載の非水電解液用溶媒。
- 非フッ素鎖状カーボネート(II)が、ジメチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネートおよびジエチルカーボネートよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1または2記載の非水電解液用溶媒。
- 1,1-ジフッ素化アルキルエチレンカーボネート(III)の水分含有量が40ppm以下である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の非水電解液用溶媒。
- 1,1-ジフッ素化アルキルエチレンカーボネート(III)が、1,1-ジトリフルオロメチルエチレンカーボネートである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の非水電解液用溶媒。
- (I)と(II)と(III)の合計を100体積%としたときに、非フッ素環状カーボネート(I)が10~40体積%、非フッ素鎖状カーボネート(II)が59.9~89.9体積%、および1,1-ジフッ素化アルキルエチレンカーボネート(III)が0.1体積%以上で10体積%以下である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の非水電解液用溶媒。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の非水電解液用溶媒と電解質塩を含むリチウム二次電池の非水電解液。
- 請求項7記載の非水電解液を用いたリチウム二次電池。
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JP2012216391A (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-08 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 電気化学デバイス及び電気化学デバイス用非水電解液 |
JP2015531761A (ja) * | 2012-08-13 | 2015-11-05 | エイチエスシー コーポレーション | トリフルオロメチル基含有環状炭酸エステルの製造方法 |
JPWO2014050872A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2016-08-22 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液、電気化学デバイス、リチウム電池、及び、モジュール |
US9923240B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2018-03-20 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Electrolyte solution, electrochemical device, lithium battery, and module |
JP2022045347A (ja) * | 2020-09-08 | 2022-03-18 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 含フッ素カルボン酸塩化合物 |
JP7480095B2 (ja) | 2020-09-08 | 2024-05-09 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 含フッ素カルボン酸塩化合物 |
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US20120183867A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
JPWO2011034162A1 (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
JP5321685B2 (ja) | 2013-10-23 |
US9070951B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
CN102484283A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
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