Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/555—Heterocyclic compounds containing heavy metals, e.g. hemin, hematin, melarsoprol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F15/02—Iron compounds
  • C07F15/025—Iron compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/795—Porphyrin- or corrin-ring-containing peptides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/795—Porphyrin- or corrin-ring-containing peptides
  • C07K14/805—Haemoglobins; Myoglobins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of bioorganic chemistry and is directed to the development of new antimicrobial agents and compositions based on hemin derivatives, as well as to obtain new hemin derivatives.
• Bacteria cause epidemic diseases such as cholera, typhoid, paratyphoid, plague, diphtheria, tularemia, brucellosis, as well as tuberculosis, blood poisoning (sepsis), leprosy, syphilis, etc.
• bacteria cause glanders, anthrax, tuberculosis and etc.
• Fungal diseases mainly affect the skin and mucous membranes and are, in particular, keratomycoses, microsporia, trichophytosis, cryptococcosis, etc.
• antimicrobial agents such as antibacterial agents (including antibiotics) and antifungal agents.
• antibacterial agents including antibiotics
• antifungal agents many known agents have a number of disadvantages, such as toxicity, sensitivity to the action of proteolytic enzymes, hemolytic effect, insufficient breadth of antimicrobial action.
• bacteria quickly develop resistance to existing antimicrobial agents, mainly antibiotics. Therefore, the problem of finding new non-toxic, biocompatible antimicrobial agents, the use of which would not lead to resistance, is very relevant.
• hemin has antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus [Y. Nitzan, N. Ladan, S. Gozansky, Z. Malik. Characterization of hemin antibacterial action on Staphylococcus aureus // FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 1987, V. 48 (3), p. 401-406].
• the use of hemin as an antibacterial agent is difficult due to its insolubility in water, hemolytic activity, and short duration antibacterial effect.
• nuclease (nucleolytic) activity was established, manifested in the ability to destroy plasmid DNA [patent RU ⁇ 2250906, 04/27/2005; Zheltukhina G.A., Lobanova T.N., Nebolsin V.E., M.O. Gallyamov, Dranitsyna SM., Kostanyan I.A. // Bioorgan, chemistry. 2006. T. 32, S. 198-210].
• linear gramicidin D which is a mixture of peptides of the formula (II):
• Compound II is effective against gram-positive bacteria [W. E.
• Compound III is mainly effective against gram-positive bacteria at concentrations of 5-15 ⁇ M [Jingbo Xiao, Bernard Weisblum, and Peter Wipf. Electrostatic versus Steric Effects in Peptidomimicry: Synthesis and Secondary Structure Analysis of Gramicidin S Analogues with (E) - Alkene Peptide Isosteres // J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2005, 127 (16), pp 5742-5743]. Compounds II and III are used in medical practice for external use only.
• antimicrobial peptides are obtained mainly by the solid-phase method, which makes these substances extremely expensive, and their use is not economically feasible. Therefore, the search for shorter analogues of AMP and their derivatives, including conjugates with compounds of other classes, is very relevant.
• the present invention relates to the use of hemin derivatives of the general formula (I)
• Ri and R 2 are the same or different, provided that both R ⁇ and R 2 simultaneously do not represent -OH, while
• R are both -ArgOMe, -SerOMe, -PAlaHA, -
• PAlaHis -NHCH 2 CH 2 OH, -GlyOMe, -NHCH (CH 2 OH) CH 2 OH, NHCH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 OH, -Glu (ArgOMe) - ArgOM
• Me p + represents Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ ;
• the invention also relates to an antimicrobial, including antibacterial and / or antifungal agent based on the above compounds of formula (I) and the corresponding pharmaceutical, antiseptic and / or disinfectant compositions, as well as a method for the treatment and / or prevention of diseases caused by microorganisms.
• the invention also relates to new derivatives of hemin of the formula (I)
• R] and R 2 are the same or different, provided that both R] and R 2 simultaneously do not represent —OH,
• Ri and R 2 both represent —NHCH 2 CH 2 OH, —GlyOMe, —NCHCH (CH 2 OH) CH 2 OH, —NHCH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 OH, —Glu (ArgOMe) —ArgOMe, —HA or -Arg-ArgOMe,
• Me p + represents Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ ;
• Figure 1 shows graphs reflecting the dynamics of the release of carboxyfluorescein from model liposomes under the action of hemin derivatives.
• Figure 2 shows the dependence of hemolytic activity (estimated by the intensity of the output of hemoglobin from red blood cells) on the concentration of hemin derivatives.
• the inventors of the present invention unexpectedly found that the compounds of the above formula (I), which are conjugates of hemin with peptides, amino acids or their analogs, are promising antimicrobial agents.
• hemin derivatives of formula (I) are their biocompatibility and biodegradability, low toxicity to normal human cells and the absence of a hemolytic effect, as well as high antibacterial efficacy, including against resistant strains, in combination with antifungal activity.
• Ri and R 2 are the same or different, provided that both Ri and R 2 at the same time do not represent -OH, while
• R or one of R] and R 2 is —OH, and the other is —ArgArgTrpHisArgLeuLysGlu (OMe) OH,
• Ri and R 2 are both -ArgOMe, -SerOMe, -PAlaHA, -pAlaHis, -NHCH 2 CH 2 OH, -GlyOMe, -NHCH (CH 2 OH) CH 2 OH, NHCH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 OH , -Glu (ArgOMe) - ArgOM -HA or -Arg- ArgOMe,
• Me p + represents Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ ;
• Antimicrobial activity includes both antibacterial and antifungal activity.
• the above compounds of formula (I) are active against gram-positive bacteria, such as bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus), Bacillus (e.g., Bacillus subtilis), Enterococcus (e.g. Enterococcus faecalis) and Micrococcus (e.g. Micrococcus luteus), including resistant ones, i.e. possessing resistance to the action of known antibacterial agents.
• these bacteria belong to the strains of Bacillus subtilis VKM B-501, Staphylococcus aureus 209P, Enterococcus faecalis VKM B-871 or Micrococcus luteus VKM Ac-2230.
• these compounds exhibit antibacterial activity against resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus 25923 ATCC, Staphylococcus aureus N ° 100 KS, Staphylococcus epidermidis 533, Enterococcus faecalis N ° 559 or Enterococcus faecium N ° 569.
• the above compounds of formula (I) are active against microscopic fungi of Cryptococcus (in particular, Cryptococcus neoformans, preferably a strain of Cryptococcus neoformans N ° 465), as well as Candida (in particular, Candida albicans, preferably a strain of Candida albicans N ° 927) .
• Cryptococcus in particular, Cryptococcus neoformans, preferably a strain of Cryptococcus neoformans N ° 465
• Candida in particular, Candida albicans, preferably a strain of Candida albicans N ° 927) .
• the compounds of formula (I) can exist as isomers, as well as mixtures of isomers that are fully within the scope of the claimed invention. For example, upon modification of one of the two carboxyl groups of hemin, a mixture of (6), (7) derivatives can form.
• the compounds of formula (I) can be used both in the form of salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, for example, lactic, tartaric, citric, hydrochloric, etc., and in the form of salts of carboxyl groups with alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, such as sodium, potassium , calcium, or, for example, with pharmaceutically acceptable bases, such as ammonia, ethanolamine.
• pharmaceutically acceptable acids for example, lactic, tartaric, citric, hydrochloric, etc.
• alkali and alkaline earth metal ions such as sodium, potassium , calcium
• pharmaceutically acceptable bases such as ammonia, ethanolamine.
• the above compounds of formula (I) and / or their salts can be used as active ingredients in pharmaceutical compositions (for example, in solid, semi-solid or liquid forms) in admixture with an organic or inorganic carrier or excipient.
• the active ingredient may be included in the composition along with commonly used non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers suitable for the manufacture of solutions, tablets, pills, capsules, suppositories, emulsions, suspensions, sprays, inhalers, drops, ointments and any other dosage forms.
• carriers water, glucose, lactose, gum arabic, gelatin, starch, magnesium trixylite, talc, corn starch, urea, polyethylene glycol and other carriers suitable for the manufacture of solid, soft or liquid preparations can be used.
• stabilizers, thickeners, colorants and perfumes can be used as additives.
• the compound of formula I is introduced into the composition in an amount sufficient to obtain an antimicrobial effect.
• the amount of active ingredient used in combination with a carrier may vary depending on the recipient being treated, on the particular method of drug administration.
• the content of the active principle in them is 0.001-1 mass%.
• a diluent of the substance 0.9% sodium chloride solution, distilled water, novocaine solution for injection, Ringer's solution, glucose solution can be used.
• the compounds of general formula (I) in the form of tablets and suppositories the amount of the substance is 1.0-100.0 mg per unit dosage form.
• any pharmaceutically acceptable base is used as a pharmaceutical excipient.
• the compounds of general formula (I) are both water soluble and lipophilic, they can be used in the form of aqueous solutions, alcohol solutions, ointments, creams, etc.
• the invention further relates to an antimicrobial drug based on the above compounds of formula (I), as well as to a method for treating diseases caused by the above bacteria and / or microscopic fungi, comprising administering to the patient in need of the above compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutical compositions based on it.
• the method is intended for the treatment of mammalian patients, including humans.
• Recommended doses of the compound of formula (I) are 0.01-10 mg / kg.
• the compounds of formula (I) have antibacterial and antifungal activity, they can also be used as or as part of antiseptic and / or disinfectants.
• Such agents can be made, for example, in the form of solutions using various solvents, such as water and lower alcohols (for example, 1-propanol or 2-propanol).
• Ri and R 2 are the same or different, provided that both R] and R 2 simultaneously do not represent —OH,
• R] and R 2 are —OH, and the other is —Val-Gly-Ala- (D-Leu) -Ala- (D-Val) -Val- (D-Val) -Trp- (D-Leu) -X-
• Ri and R 2 are both —NHCH 2 CH 2 OH, —GlyOMe, -
• HA is a histamine residue
• Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing the above new compounds of formula (I).
• the compounds of formula (I) are prepared by reacting a hemin derivative activated at the carboxyl group (s) with an amino component.
• amino groups of amino components are acylated with hemin bis-K-oxysuccinimide ester; or, upon preparation of hemin mono derivatives, 6 (7) -MOHO-N-OKCH-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxyimide hemin ester; or a hemin derivative activated on one carboxyl group, and di-tert-butyl pyrocarbonate in the presence of pyridine is used as an activating agent. Reactions are carried out in DMF for 0.5-2 hours, at a temperature of from -15 ° to + 30 ° C.
• IR spectra were recorded on a Fourier spectrometer: Magna 750 (Nicolet, USA).
• Liposomes were prepared using an Avanti mini extruder (Avanti Polar Lipids, USA)
• the peptidyl polymer was filtered off, washed with dichloroethane (2 min * 3), DMF (2 min x 2), isopropanol (2 min x 2), DMF (2 min x 2), isopropanol (2 min x 2), methanol (2 min x 1), diethyl ether (2 min ⁇ 2), dried on a water jet.
• the degree of substitution of the resin was determined spectrophotometrically.
• To 10 mg of the obtained Fmoc-Phe polymer 1 ml of a 20% solution of piperidine in DMF was added and stirred for 20 min at 25 ° C.
• the resin was filtered off, an aliquot of the filtrate was taken, and the optical absorption of the solution of the resulting M- (9-fluorenylmethyl) piperidine was determined at 289 nm.
• the degree of substitution of the resin was calculated by the formula:
• c is the content of active groups in the polymer
• a 289 is the optical density of the solution relative to the control
• W (mg) is the mass of the polymer taken
• 5800 is the molar absorption coefficient of (9-fluorenylmethyl) piperidine.
• the content of Fmoc-Phe in the polymer was 0.3 mmol / g.
• the peptidyl polymer was filtered, washed with dichloroethane (2 min 3), DMF (2 min 2), isopropanol (2 min 2), DMF (2 min ⁇ 2), isopropanol (2 min x 2), methanol (2 min ⁇ 1), diethyl ether (2 min ⁇ 2).
• the volume of one portion of the washing solution is 2 ml.
• the synthetic cycle includes: 1) 10-minute activation of the attached Fmoc amino acid (3 equivalents) with DIC (3 equivalents) and HOBt (3.6 equivalents) in 1 ml of DMF; 2) the release of ⁇ -amino groups by treatment with a 20% solution of piperidine in DMF (3 ml x 3) for 30 min; 3) washing the peptidylpolymer DMF (1.5 ml x 8, 3 min each); 4) additional washing of the peptidylpolymer with a solution of HOBt (3.6 equiv.) In 1.5 ml of DMF for 3 minutes; 5) condensation of the activated Fmoc amino acid (3 equiv.) With the peptidylpolymer within 24 hours; 6) washing the peptidylpolymer DMF (1.5 ml ⁇ 2, 2 min each); 7) control of the completeness of substitution of amino groups upon addition of another Fmoc- amino acids were carried out using the ninhydrin test; with a positive test result, the condensation stage
• the heminpeptidyl polymer was washed with DCM (2 ml x 2, 2 min each), dried in a vacuum of a water-jet pump and 4.5 ml of a mixture of TFA-TFE-DCM (1: 1: 8) was added to it, stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours.
• the polymer was separated , washed with a mixture of TFA-TFE-DCM (1: 1: 8) (1 ml x 4, 1 min).
• the residue was triturated with chilled anhydrous diethyl ether (10-12-fold excess by volume), the precipitate was filtered off, washed with 2 ether, and dried in vacuo.
• a 20 ml column was filled with swollen Sephadex, after which 60 ml of buffer containing 10 mM Tris, 10 mM MES, 100 mM KCl were equilibrated (buffer A).
• the volume of the suspension of liposomes containing CF was 500 ⁇ l (lipid concentration 0.045 mg / ml).
• the suspension was placed in a cuvette, the volume was adjusted to 2 ml with buffer A.
• 10 ⁇ l of a 10 "4 M solution of hemin derivative of general formula I in DMSO was added to the obtained liposome suspension.
• the dynamics of the yield of CF were controlled fluorimetrically.
• F 0 and F f are the fluorescence levels before and after the addition of the peptide, respectively, and F m is the fluorescence value after complete destruction of the liposomes with Triton X-100 detergent added to a final concentration of 2.4% (by weight).
• Figure 1 presents the dynamics of the release of carboxyfluorescein from liposomes under the action of hemin derivatives of the general formula I at a lipid / hemin derivative ratio of 10: 1 (mol / mol).
• the main parameters that characterize antibacterial activity are the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).
• MIC is the lowest concentration of the test compound that completely inhibits the growth of bacteria in a liquid medium.
• MMC is the lowest concentration that causes the death of all cells.
• MICs were evaluated by inhibiting culture growth in a liquid medium with serial dilutions of substances according to a modified method [Amsterdam, D. 1996. Susceptibility testing of antimicrobials in liquid media, pp.52-111. In Loman, V., ed. Antibiotics in laboratory medicine, 4th ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore].
• Bacteria were cultured and tested in liquid MH medium (Mueller-Hinton medium: dry extract of beef broth 4 g / l, starch 1, 5 g / l, casein hydrolyzate 17.5 g / l; Sigma-Fluka catalog number 70192) at 37 ° C, 100% humidity and stirring.
• liquid MH medium Meeller-Hinton medium: dry extract of beef broth 4 g / l, starch 1, 5 g / l, casein hydrolyzate 17.5 g / l; Sigma-Fluka catalog number 70192
• gramicidin D absorb light at a wavelength of 595 nm, used to evaluate the growth of a bacterial culture. Therefore, when evaluating the optical density of the bacterial suspension, the correction for the absorption of each compound was taken into account, taking into account its concentration in the well.
• the growth inhibition (IR) of bacteria was calculated as a percentage after 20 hours of incubation of cells with substances according to the optical density (A) measured in each well at a wavelength of 595 nm, using the formula:
• HPi [(A Kt - A k0 ) - (Ait - A i0 )] x 100 / (A Kt - A k0 ) (1), where the index i denotes the number of the hole, and k is the control well with bacteria into which the test compound not applied, 0 - measurement is carried out immediately after the test substance is introduced into the well, t - measurement 20 hours after the substance is added.
• the morphological characteristics of the strain and the absence of contamination with foreign bacteria were checked (a) by plating on agar (15 g / l agar) MN medium according to the shape and color of the colonies formed, (b) under a microscope (Mikmed-2, LOMO, Russia) with a 40x objective characteristic morphological features of cells. Then the bacteria were cultured in 1 ml of liquid MH medium at a temperature of 37 ° C with stirring. Cells were reseeded every day. Starting from the 3rd and ending with the 6th reseeding, the cell culture was used to set up the tests.
• the suspension was diluted with MH medium to 5x10 4 -1x 10 5 cells / ml and transferred into a sterile 96-well plate at 100 ⁇ l per well. Then, the studied compounds were introduced to the cells and serial double dilutions of these compounds were made in the wells of the plate.
• the maximum concentration of substances in the series was 10 "4 M, the minimum was 1.6 x 10 " 6 M.
• the study of antibacterial activity was performed in 2 repetitions for each compound, and the result was averaged.
• MBC MBC was defined as the lowest concentration of the test compound at which the colonies on the Petri dish did not grow.
• the compound has a bacteriostatic effect: it inhibits the reproduction of bacteria at a specified concentration, but does not kill them.
• compounds VII, VIII and XVIII inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria S. aureus at concentrations up to 50 ⁇ M (table 2).
• Enterococci E. faecalis on average, are more resistant to the action of these compounds than micrococci M. luteus and staphylococci S. fureus.
• the most effective compound against E. faecalis was compound XVIII: MIC of 12.5 ⁇ M.
• test drugs are hemin derivatives, soluble in water (VII, XVIII) and soluble in DMSO (VIII, XV, XIV). Vancomycin was taken as a comparison drug. Each substance was tested in triplicate.
• Müller-Hinton broth for work was prepared from dry media (Mueller Hinton broth, Acumedia, Baltimore) and autoclaved at 121 ° C for 15 minutes.
• Staphylococcus aureus N ° 25923 ATCC American Type Culture Collection
• Staphylococcus aureus N ° 100 KC Staphylococcus aureus N ° 100 KC
• the bacterial inoculum was constant and amounted to 5 ⁇ 10 5 CFU / ml.
• the results are presented in tables (Mer).
• DMSO-soluble compounds For DMSO-soluble compounds from 2 to 8 wells, 10 ⁇ l of solvent (DMSO) was added, then 20 ⁇ l of stock solution of the test compound in water with a concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 M was added to 1 well and its concentration was adjusted twice to a concentration of 0.039 ⁇ 10 3 M 2 ⁇ l was taken from each well and 198 ⁇ l of bacterial culture (10 5 CFU) was added. As a control, wells that did not contain the tested drugs were included (culture growth control). In addition, purity of nutrient media and solvents was monitored. The plates were incubated in an incubator at 36 ° C for 24 hours.
• hemin derivatives of the general formula I are active to varying degrees with respect to Gr + strains of resistant bacteria.
• Fresh capillary blood of a person was used to study hemolytic activity.
• the hemolysis efficiency was determined by the release of hemoglobin from red blood cells in RPMI-1640 medium (without phenol red, with the addition of 10% fetal calf serum and 20 mM L-glutamine) at an initial density of red blood cells (1, 0 ⁇ 0.1) x 10 7 cells / ml after 3 hours of incubation with the agent (37 ° C, 5% C0 2 , 100% humidity, mixing on an orbital shaker).
• hemoglobin As a characteristic of hemolytic activity, the proportion of hemoglobin released from red blood cells into the environment was used. Red blood cells, shadows, and intermediate forms containing not released hemoglobin were separated by centrifugation. Hemoglobin was determined by the absorption of the supernatant at a wavelength of 414 nm (near the maximum of the Sorema heme band).
• Br [(A ei - A ⁇ , eo ..MAmi - Amo ⁇ x lOO / CAet - Aeo) (2), where the index e denotes the supernatant of the sample with red blood cells, i is the added concentration of the compound, o is the supernatant of the sample without adding the studied compounds, m - solution without red blood cells, t - supernatant of the sample with 100% lysed red blood cells.
• the proportion of hemoglobin released is equal to the fraction of lysed red blood cells, provided that the lysis occurs completely, that is, during lysis, all the hemoglobin contained in it is released from the red blood cell.
• Blood 100 ⁇ l was taken from the finger of a healthy donor into a tube containing 0.9 ml of RPMI-1640 medium (without phenol red) and heparin (10 u / ml). Cells were besieged by centrifugation for 5 min at 200xg and transferred to 10 ml of RPMI-1640 medium (without phenol red, with the addition of 10% fetal calf serum and 20 mM L-glutamine, then complete medium). The density of red blood cells in the suspension was determined by counting in a Goryaev chamber using a Mikmed-2 microscope (LOMO, Russia) and diluted with complete medium to (2 ⁇ 0.2) ⁇ 10 cells / ml.
• LOMO LOMO
• a series of dilutions was used to prepare a series of solutions of the compounds in complete medium with a step of 2 times (maximum concentration 200 ⁇ M, minimum 1.6 ⁇ M, volume 75 ⁇ l). 75 ⁇ l of a suspension of red blood cells with a density of (2 ⁇ 0.2) 10 7 cells / ml was quickly added to the prepared solutions.
• erythrocytes with a density of (2 ⁇ 0.2) ⁇ 10 7 cells / ml were added: a) 75 ⁇ l of complete medium (4 samples); b) 60 ⁇ l of complete medium and 15 ⁇ l of water (4 samples); or c) 73.5 ⁇ l of complete medium and 1.5 ⁇ l of DMSO (4 samples).
• erythrocytes from 75 ⁇ l of the suspension were precipitated by centrifugation (5 min at 200xg), the pellet was resuspended in deionized water (50 ⁇ l), after complete lysis, the sample volume was brought to 150 ⁇ l with complete medium .
• Compound XII does not exhibit hemolytic activity up to 100 ⁇ M.
• Substances V, VI, VIII, IX, XVIII have low hemolytic activity (figure 2), and the hemolysis efficiency of all synthesized compounds is significantly lower than that of hemin, and is very low even at a maximum concentration of compounds (100 ⁇ M).
• the total leukocyte fraction was isolated from human blood by free sedimentation, for which purpose freshly collected venous blood from a healthy donor was used.
• the concentration of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the suspension was determined by counting in a Goryaev chamber, after which the suspension was adjusted with complete medium to a leukocyte concentration of (1,0,0 ⁇ 0,1) ⁇ 10 6 cells / ml. Moreover, the concentration of red blood cells in the suspension of blood cells used for measurements did not exceed 30% of the concentration of leukocytes.
• test concentration range 3.2-100 ⁇ M for GrD compounds and gramicidin S 8-500 ⁇ M for compound XIII; 8-1000 ⁇ M for compounds V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XIV, XV, XIX and No
• test concentration range 3.2-100 ⁇ M for GrD compounds and gramicidin S 8-500 ⁇ M for compound XIII; 8-1000 ⁇ M for compounds V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XIV, XV, XIX and No
• test substances were prepared: water for compounds VII and X; DMSO aqueous solution for compound V, VI, VIII, IX; DMSO for GrD, Gramicidin S, Hem, XI, XIII, XIV, XV, XIX.
• An additional control is a suspension of white blood cells without any additives.
• the proportion of dead cells was determined by fluorescence images of cells in the blue (Hoechst 33342) and red (propidium iodide) spectral regions obtained using an Axio Observer fluorescence microscope (Zeiss, Germany) with a 10x objective (Plan-Neofluar 1 Ox / 0.3 )
• the following sets of fluorescent filters were used.
• propidium iodide a band-pass filter for excitation 530-585 nm; 600 nm barrier dichroic mirror, 615 nm long-wavelength barrier analysis filter.
• Hoechst 33342 band pass filter for excitation 359-372 nm; 395 nm barrier dichroic mirror, 397 nm long-wave barrier analysis filter.
• the objects of exposure were cells of the museum strain of Cryptococcus neoformans N ° 3465, as well as cells of the museum strain of Candida albicans N ° 927 grown on glucose-peptone-yeast medium at 32 ° C for 1 day.
• Antimycotics pimafucin, amphotericin, fluconazole were used as a comparison compound.
• compound XII was effective against one of the causative agents of cryptococcosis Cryptococcus humicolus with a MIC of 12.5 ⁇ M.
• the compounds of general formula I exhibit fungistatic and / or fungicidal effects, the magnitude of which depends on the structure and manifests itself in the concentration range from 10 to 10 ⁇ 6 M.
• Examples of dosage forms A Gelatin capsules
• composition of the powder introduced into the capsule :
• the above ingredients are mixed, and the mixture is introduced into hard gelatin capsules in an amount of 151-285 mg.
• a tablet form is prepared using the following ingredients:
• the components are mixed and pressed to form 200 mg tablets each.
• composition of the aerosol mixture designed for 10 receptions:
• the compound is mixed with fillers and placed in a special device for spraying.
• Cocoa butter the amount required to obtain a suppository. If necessary, it is possible to produce rectal, vaginal and urethral suppositories with appropriate excipients.
• hydrocarbon ointment bases white and yellow petrolatum (Vaselinum album, Vaselinum flavum), liquid paraffin (Oleum Vaselini), white and liquid ointment (Unguentum album, Unguentum flavum), and paraffin wax and wax as additives to give a denser consistency;
• absorbent ointment bases hydrophilic petrolatum (Vaselinum hydrophylicum), lanolin (Lanolinum), cold cream (Unguentum leniens);
• ointment bases washed off with water - hydrophilic ointment (Unguentum hydrophylum); water-soluble ointment bases - polyethylene glycol ointment (Unguentum Glycolis Polyaethyleni), bentonite bases and others.
• composition of the ointment is an example of the composition of the ointment:
• composition of the solution for injection is a composition of the solution for injection:
• compositions for disinfectants and antiseptics A.
• Compound corresponding to general formula (I) 0.001-1% 1- propanol 30-40%
• Quaternary ammonium base (or a mixture thereof) 2-10%
• DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• the hemin derivatives of the general formula (I) possess antibacterial and antifungal activity, including against S. aureus pathogenic for humans and its resistant strains.
• almost all of the claimed hemin derivatives to varying degrees, have the ability to increase the permeability of model lipid membranes, which, as is known from the literature, is an important part of the mechanism of antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal) action of antimicrobial agents.
• the effectiveness of the compounds corresponding to the general formula I confirms their suitability for industrial use in the composition of disinfectant, antiseptic and therapeutic agents with antifungal and antibacterial effects.

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• 2009
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