WO2011024374A1 - 太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナ - Google Patents
太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011024374A1 WO2011024374A1 PCT/JP2010/004567 JP2010004567W WO2011024374A1 WO 2011024374 A1 WO2011024374 A1 WO 2011024374A1 JP 2010004567 W JP2010004567 W JP 2010004567W WO 2011024374 A1 WO2011024374 A1 WO 2011024374A1
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- power
- voltage
- supply system
- power supply
- solar cell
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
- H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement of a power conditioner for photovoltaic power generation.
- a photovoltaic power conditioner that links a solar cell and an AC power supply system has a function of converting DC power generated by the solar battery into AC power and a function of connecting to an AC power supply system.
- the AC power sent to the AC power supply system is consumed by a load connected to the AC power supply system.
- a grid-connected inverter as a power conditioner for photovoltaic power generation converts DC power input from a DC power supply (solar cell) into AC power via a converter circuit and an inverter circuit where the input and output are not insulated. And output to a grounded AC power supply system (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the solar cell and the AC power supply system are non-insulated.
- the neutral point of the AC power supply system is grounded.
- the solar cell needs to be insulated from the ground (earth), and as a result, a floating capacitance Cs is generated between the solar cell and the ground.
- the neutral point voltage on the AC power supply system side is substantially the same voltage as the DC neutral point voltage of the inverter circuit.
- the voltage of the DC capacitor connected to the DC side of the inverter circuit is 2E volts
- the voltage of the floating capacitance Cs (the voltage of the negative electrode N as viewed from the ground) is -E volts. That is, the negative electrode N of the solar cell is negatively biased.
- an insulating transformer is provided in the power conversion unit that converts the DC power of the solar cell into AC power, and the solar cell and the AC power supply system are connected via the insulating transformer, There is a voltage converter that shifts so that the ground voltage is greater than 0 V for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the solar cell (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- JP 2001-275259 A (paragraph number 0027 and FIG. 1) JP 2008-047819 A (paragraph numbers 0040 and 0041, FIGS. 3 and 4)
- an output transformer (insulation transformer) is connected to the previous stage of the AC power supply system as described above. Since the solar battery and the AC power supply system are insulated by the output transformer, the negative electrode N can be grounded. However, power loss occurs in this output transformer. Specifically, copper loss occurs in the winding conductor, and iron loss occurs in the iron core.
- the basic function of the power conditioner for photovoltaic power generation is to convert the DC power generated by the solar battery into AC power without waste, but the above-mentioned loss becomes a factor that hinders this function. That is, in order to prevent acceleration of deterioration of the solar cell, the negative electrode N must be grounded, and in order to link with the grounded AC power supply system, it is necessary to provide an output transformer before the AC power supply system. Power loss increases. In addition, ventilation power is required to discharge heat generated by the loss to the outside. Furthermore, since the output transformer is generally large in size and weight, there are problems in price and mounting.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a power conditioner for photovoltaic power generation that can prevent acceleration of deterioration of a solar cell and reduce power loss.
- the photovoltaic power conditioner according to the present invention is a photovoltaic power conditioner for connecting a solar cell to a grounded AC power supply system without an insulating means, comprising a power converter and a bias applying device. And
- the power conversion device converts the DC power of a predetermined voltage generated by the solar cell into AC power
- the bias applying device is inserted in series between the power conversion device and the AC power supply system, and applies a bias voltage to the solar cell so that the negative electrode side of the solar cell does not become a negative potential.
- the present invention is a photovoltaic power conditioner for connecting a solar cell to a grounded AC power supply system without an insulating means, and includes a power converter and a bias applying device,
- the power conversion device converts the DC power of a predetermined voltage generated by the solar cell into AC power, Since the bias application device is inserted in series between the power conversion device and the AC power supply system, and applies a bias voltage to the solar cell so that the negative electrode side of the solar cell does not become a negative potential, It is possible to prevent acceleration of deterioration of the solar cell and reduce power loss.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram in which only one phase is extracted in order to explain the charge / discharge operation of the output DC voltage circuit of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram in which only one phase is extracted in order to explain the charge / discharge operation of the output DC voltage circuit of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram in which only one phase is extracted in order to explain the charge / discharge operation of the output DC voltage circuit of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram in which only one phase is extracted in order to explain the charge / discharge operation of the output DC voltage circuit of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram in which only one phase is extracted in order to explain the charge / discharge operation of the output DC voltage circuit of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram in which only one phase is extracted in order to explain the charge / discharge operation of the output DC voltage circuit of FIG. 2. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the power conditioner for solar power generation which is Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the power conditioner for solar power generation which is Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the power conditioner for solar power generation which is Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the power conditioner for solar power generation which is Embodiment 6 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the power conditioner for solar power generation which is Embodiment 7 of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of a power conditioner for photovoltaic power generation that is Embodiment 1 for carrying out the present invention.
- the DC power generated by the thin-film solar cell 1 is converted (boosted) into DC power having a DC voltage of 2 E volts, which is a predetermined voltage, by a boost chopper circuit 10.
- the boosted DC power is converted into three-phase AC power by an inverter circuit 20 as a power converter, and is connected to an AC power supply system 5 via a sine wave filter 30 and an output DC voltage circuit 4 as a bias applying device. Is done.
- the solar cell 1 is not grounded, and its negative electrode N is grounded by an equivalent capacitor 3 having a floating capacitance Cs between the solar cell 1 and the ground.
- the AC power supply system 5 is a three-phase star-connected AC power supply system in which three-phase power sources are star-connected, and the neutral point thereof is grounded.
- the step-up chopper circuit 10 includes an input capacitor 11, a step-up reactor 12, an IGBT element 13, and a diode element 15, and is connected between the positive electrode P and the negative electrode N of the solar cell 1.
- the inverter circuit 20 is a three-phase two-level inverter circuit including IGBT elements 21 to 26 as switching elements connected to a three-phase full-wave bridge circuit and a DC capacitor 28.
- the sine wave filter 30 includes a filter reactor 31 and a filter capacitor 32, the filter reactor 31 is connected in series between the inverter circuit 20 and the output DC voltage circuit 4, and the filter reactor 31 is connected to the output DC voltage circuit 4 side.
- a filter capacitor 32 in which each capacitor unit is delta-connected is connected.
- the output DC voltage circuit 4 has three batteries 4 a, and each phase between the filter reactor 31 of the sine wave filter 30 connected to the AC output side of the inverter circuit 20 and the AC power supply system 5. It is inserted so that the positive electrode side becomes the filter reactor 31 side every time.
- the difference from the conventional photovoltaic power conditioner is that the output DC voltage circuit 4 is inserted in series between the inverter circuit 20 and the AC power supply system 5.
- the voltages of the batteries 4a of the respective phases are all set to the same value so that the influence due to the connection of the output DC voltage circuit 4 does not appear in the line voltage.
- the step-up chopper circuit 10, the inverter circuit 20, and the sine wave filter 30 are the same as those of the conventional one, a detailed description of the circuit operation is omitted here.
- the voltage of the DC capacitor 28 as the predetermined voltage of the DC power is 2E volts.
- the voltage of the output DC voltage circuit 4 that is, the battery 4 a is 0 volts, the effect of connection does not appear, and the neutral point voltage on the AC power supply system 5 side is almost equal to the DC neutral point voltage of the inverter circuit 20.
- the voltage of the equivalent capacitor 3 of the floating capacitance Cs between the solar cell 1 and the ground is ⁇ E volts.
- E volts which is a half value of the predetermined voltage 2E volts
- the phase voltage of each phase is biased by E volts and decreases by E volts.
- the line voltage has no effect.
- the neutral point voltage on the side of the AC power supply system 5 is also reduced by E volts and thus becomes 0 volts.
- the voltage of the equivalent capacitor 3 is also 0 volts.
- the voltage of the battery 4a is set to E volts
- the voltage of the equivalent capacitor 3 is also 0 volts, but the voltage of the battery 4a is set to E + a volts with some margin.
- the phase voltage of each phase decreases by E + a volts
- the neutral point voltage on the AC power supply system side also decreases by E + a volts to ⁇ a volts.
- the voltage of the floating capacitance Cs becomes + a volts.
- the voltage of the floating capacitance Cs between the solar cell 1 and the ground can be arbitrarily set by changing the voltage of the battery 4a.
- E is 180 volts (direct current) and a is about 10 volts.
- the battery 4a gives a bias voltage of 1/2 or more of the voltage 2E volts as a predetermined voltage, that is, E volts or more. Accordingly, the negative electrode N of the solar cell 1 is not negatively biased, that is, the negative electrode N of the solar cell 1 is not negatively charged, and can be 0 volt or positively biased. And acceleration of deterioration of a thin film type solar cell can be suppressed. Further, since it is not necessary to provide an output transformer in front of the AC power supply system in order to insulate the solar battery from the AC power supply system, the power loss of the output transformer can be eliminated, and the overall power loss can be reduced.
- FIG. 2 and 3 show the second embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the power conditioner for photovoltaic power generation
- FIGS. 3 to 6 are one-phase diagrams for explaining the charge / discharge operation. It is the circuit diagram which extracted only the part (X phase part).
- X phase part the circuit diagram which extracted only the part.
- the case where the batteries 4a are connected in series has been described.
- a capacitor can be used instead of the battery 4a.
- This capacitor requires a charge / discharge circuit that controls its DC voltage. 2
- the output DC voltage circuit 6 replaces each battery 4a in FIG.
- the output capacitors 61x to 61z are arranged between the filter reactor 31 of the sine wave filter 30 connected to the AC output side of the inverter circuit 20 and the AC power supply system 5 so that the positive electrode side becomes the filter reactor 31 side for each phase. Is inserted.
- Each of the charging circuits 63x to 63z has an IGBT element TN, a diode DN, and a current limiting resistor RN, and is connected between the negative terminal of each of the output capacitors 61x to 61z and the negative terminal of the DC capacitor 28, respectively.
- the discharge circuits 64x to 64z each have an IGBT element TP and a current limiting resistor RP, and are connected between the positive terminal of the DC capacitor 28 and the negative terminals of the output capacitors 61x to 61z, respectively. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the same reference numerals are given to the corresponding components and the description thereof is omitted.
- 3 to 6 are circuit diagrams in which only one phase (X phase) is extracted in order to explain the charge / discharge operation. The operation will be described by paying attention to the X phase.
- the IGBT elements 21 and the IGBT elements 22 that are components of the inverter circuit are turned on and off alternately according to, for example, pulse width modulation.
- the IGBT element TN of the charging circuit 63x and the IGBT element TP of the discharging circuit 64x are turned on and off according to the charging command and the discharging command, respectively.
- the IGBT element TN of the charging circuit 63x is turned on as shown in FIG. While the IGBT element 21 of the inverter circuit 20 is on, the output capacitor 61x is charged by the DC capacitor 28. The charging current is suppressed by the current limiting resistor RN of the charging circuit 63x.
- [Operation mode 2] which is a period in which the IGBT element 22 of the inverter circuit 20 is ON, flows because current is flowing as shown in FIG. 4 but is blocked by the diode DN of the charging circuit 63x.
- the output capacitor 61x is neither charged nor discharged.
- the diode DN of the charging circuit 63x has a function of preventing the output capacitor 61x from discharging while the IGBT element 22 is on.
- a discharge current path of the output capacitor 61x is formed in any period in which either the IGBT element 21 or the IGBT element 22 of the inverter circuit 20 is turned on.
- the discharge current is suppressed by the current limiting resistor RP of the discharge circuit 64x.
- the voltage command value of the output capacitor 61 x is set to E volts, and the IGBT element TN of the charging circuit 63 x and the IGBT element TP of the discharging circuit 64 x are controlled on and off. Then, the voltage of the equivalent capacitor 3 of the floating capacitance Cs between the solar cell 1 and the ground becomes 0 volts.
- the voltage command value is set to E + a volts, the voltage of the equivalent capacitor 3 is a volts. That is, the voltage of the equivalent capacitor 3 between the solar cell 1 and the ground can be arbitrarily set by changing the voltage command value of the output capacitor 61x.
- the negative electrode N of the solar cell 1 can be positively biased to 0 volt without being biased to a negative potential. That is, by applying a bias voltage of 1/2 or more of the voltage 2E volts as the predetermined voltage, that is, a voltage of EV or more, acceleration of deterioration of the thin film solar cell can be suppressed.
- the voltage of the DC capacitor 28 may be changed during operation of the photovoltaic power conditioner depending on the system operation. At this time, the voltages of the output capacitors 61x to 61z are changed according to the voltage of the DC capacitor 28.
- the output capacitors 61x to 61z are charged by the charging circuits 63x to 63z, and when the voltage of the DC capacitor 28 is decreased, the output capacitors 61x to 61z are discharged by the discharge circuits 64x to 64z. As a result, the voltages of the output capacitors 61x to 61z are changed.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of a photovoltaic power conditioner according to the third embodiment.
- the output capacitors 71x to 71z have an impedance of 5% of the impedance of the AC power supply system 5, and each phase is interposed between the filter reactor 31 of the sine wave filter 30 and the AC power supply system 5.
- the positive electrode side is inserted so as to be on the filter reactor 31 side. Since other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the same reference numerals are given to the corresponding components and the description thereof is omitted. Since an output current flows through the output capacitors 71x to 71z, the terminal voltages of the output capacitors 71x to 71z vary.
- the terminal voltage fluctuation of the output capacitors 71x to 71z is desirably zero volts. Therefore, in an actual photovoltaic power conditioner, it is desirable to reduce the impedance of the output capacitors 71x to 71z as much as possible, and the specific impedance of the output capacitors 71x to 71z is suitably 5% or less. Therefore, in this embodiment, an electrolytic capacitor having a large capacitance is applied, and its impedance is set to 5% of the impedance of the AC power supply system 5.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of a photovoltaic power conditioner according to the fourth embodiment.
- diodes 81x to 81z are connected in parallel to the output capacitors 71x to 71z in parallel, that is, the cathodes of the diodes 81x to 81z are connected to the positive side of the output capacitors 71x to 71z. Yes. Since other configurations are the same as those of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- Electrolytic capacitors are used as the output capacitors 71x to 71z.
- diodes 81x to 81z are connected in antiparallel with output capacitors 71x to 71z, which are electrolytic capacitors, respectively.
- FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a photovoltaic power conditioner according to the fifth embodiment.
- the actual power conditioner for photovoltaic power generation includes an interconnection switch 101 between the inverter circuit 20 and the AC power supply system 5. Since other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the same reference numerals are given to the corresponding components and the description thereof is omitted.
- the interconnection switch 101 is closed when the inverter circuit 20 is ready to be connected to the AC power supply system 5.
- the output capacitors 61x to 61z are initially charged, and when the voltage of the output capacitors 61x to 61z reaches a predetermined value or more, the interconnection switch 101 is closed, and the solar cell 1 and the AC power supply system 5 are connected to the inverter circuit 20. Interconnected via
- the output capacitors 61x to 61z may be transiently reverse charged. There is. Accordingly, it is desirable to close the interconnection switch 101 after the initial charging of the output capacitors 61x to 61z to a predetermined voltage and to start an alternating current from the inverter circuit 20.
- the IGBT elements 21 to 23 and the charging circuits 9x to 9z are turned on as follows.
- U-phase output capacitor 61x IGBT element 21 and charging circuit 63x
- V-phase output capacitor 61y IGBT element 23 and charging circuit 63y W-phase output capacitor 61z: IGBT element 25 and charging circuit 63z
- the initial charging voltage assuming that the voltage of the solar cell 1, that is, the DC capacitor 28 is 2E volts, the target voltage of the output capacitors 61x to 61z at the initial charging is set to, for example, half E volts, and the DC power output from the solar cell
- the connection switch 101 is closed when the voltage becomes 1 ⁇ 2 or more of the voltage. This prevents the output capacitors 61x to 61z from being reversely charged transiently.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of a power conditioner for photovoltaic power generation according to the sixth embodiment.
- the sine wave filter 130 has a filter capacitor 132, the filter capacitor 132 is star-connected, and the common connection point side is connected to the negative terminal of the DC capacitor 28 (the negative electrode N of the solar cell 1).
- the charging circuits 9x to 9z are connected between the positive terminal of the DC capacitor 28 (the positive electrode P of the solar cell 1) and the positive terminals of the output capacitors 61x to 61z.
- Each of the charging circuits 9x to 9z includes an IGBT element T and a current limiting resistor R connected in series. Since other configurations are the same as those of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the filter is passed through the path of DC capacitor 28 ⁇ IGBT element 21 ⁇ filter reactor 31 ⁇ filter capacitor 132 ⁇ DC capacitor 28.
- the capacitor 132 is also charged.
- the charge current peak may reach the overcurrent level of the inverter circuit 20 and the current and voltage oscillations continue, which is not preferable as a circuit operation.
- the sine wave filter 130 is thus star-connected to the filter capacitor 132, the above problem can be avoided by separately connecting the charging circuits 9x to 9z for initial charging.
- the charging circuit 9x and the charging circuit 63x are turned on.
- the charging current of the U-phase output capacitor 61x is limited to a safe value by the current limiting resistor R of the charging circuit 9x and the current limiting resistor RN of the charging circuit 63x.
- the filter capacitor 132 is charged by turning on the charging circuit 9x, but the charging current of the charging filter capacitor 132 is also limited to a safe value by the current limiting resistor R of the charging circuit 9x.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a photovoltaic power conditioner according to the seventh embodiment.
- each of the three phases is star-connected and the neutral point is grounded.
- one of the phases for example, the V phase may be grounded in the delta connection. In this case, the same problem as described above occurs. In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to such a case.
- the DC power generated by the solar cell 1 is boosted to a predetermined DC voltage E volts by the boost chopper circuit 210.
- the boosted DC power is converted into three-phase AC power by the inverter circuit 220 and connected to the AC power supply system 50 via the sine wave filter 230 and the output DC voltage circuit 4.
- the solar cell 1 is not grounded, and its negative electrode N is grounded by an equivalent capacitor 3 having a floating capacitance Cs between the solar cell 1 and the ground.
- the AC power supply system 50 is a three-phase delta-connected AC power supply system in which three-phase power sources are delta-connected, and the V-phase is grounded.
- the step-up chopper circuit 210 includes an input capacitor 11, a step-up reactor 12, an IGBT element 13, and a diode element 15.
- the inverter circuit 220 is a single-phase two-level inverter circuit having IGBT elements 221 to 224 as switching elements connected to a single-phase full-wave bridge circuit and a DC capacitor 228, and two DC capacitors 228 are connected in series. , And connected between the cathode side of the diode element 15 and the negative electrode N of the solar cell 1.
- the sine wave filter 230 includes a filter reactor 231 and a filter capacitor 232. A filter reactor 231 is connected in series between the inverter circuit 220 and the output DC voltage circuit 4.
- the filter capacitor 232 is connected between the output DC voltage circuit 4 side of the filter reactor 231 and the negative electrode N of the solar cell 1.
- the output DC voltage circuit 4 includes three batteries 4 a, and each battery 4 a is connected between each filter reactor 231 of the sine wave filter 230 and the AC power supply system 50, and two DC capacitors 228 of the inverter circuit 220. It is inserted between the connection point and the AC power supply system 50.
- step-up chopper circuit and the inverter circuit shown in each of the above embodiments may have other configurations.
Abstract
Description
電力変換装置は、太陽電池が発電する所定電圧の直流電力を交流電力に変換するものであり、
バイアス印加装置は、電力変換装置と交流電源系統との間に直列に挿入され太陽電池の負極側がマイナス電位にならないように太陽電池にバイアス電圧を与えるものである。
電力変換装置は、太陽電池が発電する所定電圧の直流電力を交流電力に変換するものであり、
バイアス印加装置は、電力変換装置と交流電源系統との間に直列に挿入され太陽電池の負極側がマイナス電位にならないように太陽電池にバイアス電圧を与えるものであるので、
太陽電池の劣化の加速を防止できるとともに電力損失を低減できる。
図1は、この発明を実施するための実施の形態1である太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナの構成を示す構成図である。図1において、薄膜型の太陽電池1で発電された直流電力は、昇圧チョッパ回路10によって所定電圧である直流電圧2Eボルトの直流電力に変換(昇圧)される。昇圧された直流電力は、電力変換装置としてのインバータ回路20にて三相交流電力に変換され、正弦波フィルタ30、及びバイアス印加装置としての出力直流電圧回路4を介して交流電源系統5に接続される。太陽電池1は、接地されておらず、その負極Nは、大地との間に浮遊静電容量Csの等価コンデンサ3にて接地された形になっている。交流電源系統5は三相の各相の電源がスター結線された三相スター結線交流電源系統であり、その中性点が接地されている。
図2、図3は、実施の形態2を示すものであり、図2は太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナの構成を示す構成図、図3~図6は充放電動作を説明するために1相分(X相分)だけを抜き出した回路図である。実施の形態1では、バッテリ4aを直列に接続した場合について示したが、バッテリ4aの代わりにコンデンサを用いることができる。このコンデンサには、その直流電圧を制御する充放電回路が必要である。図2において、出力直流電圧回路6は、図1における各バッテリ4aを出力コンデンサ61x~61zに置換し、かつ各相の出力コンデンサ61x~61zの充電回路63x~63z及び放電回路64x~64zを設けている。出力コンデンサ61x~61zは、インバータ回路20の交流出力側に接続された正弦波フィルタ30のフィルタリアクトル31と交流電源系統5との間に、各相毎に正極側がフィルタリアクトル31側になるようにして挿入されている。
図3~図6は、充放電動作を説明するために、1相(X相)分だけを抜き出した回路図である。動作はX相に注目して説明する。インバータ回路の構成要素であるIGBT素子21とIGBT素子22は、例えばパルス幅変調に従って交互にオンオフする。一方、充電回路63xのIGBT素子TNと、放電回路64xのIGBT素子TPは、それぞれ充電指令と放電指令に従ってオンオフする。出力コンデンサ61xを充電する[動作モード1]場合は、図3に示すように、充電回路63xのIGBT素子TNをオンする。インバータ回路20のIGBT素子21がオンしている期間は、直流コンデンサ28によって出力コンデンサ61xが充電される。充電電流は、充電回路63xの限流抵抗RNによって抑制される。
図7は、実施の形態3である太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナの構成を示す構成図である。図7において、出力コンデンサ71x~71zは、そのインピーダンスが交流電源系統5のインピーダンスの5%にされており、正弦波フィルタ30のフィルタリアクトル31と交流電源系統5との間に、各相毎に正極側がフィルタリアクトル31側になるようにして挿入されている。その他の構成については、図2に示した実施の形態2と同様のものであるので、相当するものに同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。出力コンデンサ71x~71zには出力電流が流れるため、出力コンデンサ71x~71zの端子電圧は変動する。また、三相交流の場合、その電圧変動には位相差が存在する。理想的には、出力コンデンサ71x~71zの端子電圧変動は零ボルトであることが望ましい。従って、実際の太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナでは、出力コンデンサ71x~71zのインピーダンスを可能な限り小さくすることが望ましく、出力コンデンサ71x~71zの具体的なインピーダンスとしては5%以下が適当である。従って、この実施の形態においては、静電容量の大きな電解コンデンサを適用し、かつ、そのインピーダンスを交流電源系統5のインピーダンスの5%にしている。
220V/√3/50A×5%=127mΩ
交流電源系統周波数を60Hzとすると、出力コンデンサ71x~71zの静電容量は以下となる。
1/(127mΩ×2×π×60Hz)=21mF
図8は、実施の形態4である太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナの構成を示す構成図である。図8において、ダイオード81x~81zが、出力コンデンサ71x~71zのそれぞれに逆並列に、すなわち、各ダイオード81x~81zの陰極側が出力コンデンサ71x~71zの正極側になるようにして並列に接続されている。その他の構成については、図7に示した実施の形態3と同様のものであるので、相当するものに同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。出力コンデンサ71x~71zとして電解コンデンサを用いているが、電解コンデンサは逆方向に充電すると破壊するため、いかなる条件においても逆充電されないよう対策を施す必要である。逆充電を防止するための具体的な手段として、電解コンデンサである出力コンデンサ71x~71zと逆並列にダイオード81x~81zをそれぞれ接続している。
図9は、実施の形態5である太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナの構成を示す構成図である。図9において、実際の太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナは、インバータ回路20と交流電源系統5との間に連系スイッチ101を備えている。その他の構成については、図2に示した実施の形態2と同様のものであるので、相当するものに同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。連系スイッチ101は、インバータ回路20を交流電源系統5に接続する準備が整った時点に閉路する。すなわち、出力コンデンサ61x~61zを初期充電し、出力コンデンサ61x~61zの電圧が所定値以上になった時点で連系スイッチ101を閉路し、太陽電池1と交流電源系統5とをインバータ回路20を介して連系する。
U相の出力コンデンサ61x:IGBT素子21と充電回路63x
V相の出力コンデンサ61y:IGBT素子23と充電回路63y
W相の出力コンデンサ61z:IGBT素子25と充電回路63z
初期充電電圧は、太陽電池1すなわち直流コンデンサ28の電圧を2Eボルトとすると、初期充電時における出力コンデンサ61x~61zの目標電圧を例えば半分のEボルトに設定し、太陽電池から出力される直流電力の電圧の1/2以上になったとき連系スイッチ101を閉路する。これにより、出力コンデンサ61x~61zが過渡的に逆充電されるのを防止する。
図10は、実施の形態6である太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナの構成を示す構成図である。図10において、正弦波フィルタ130はフィルタコンデンサ132を有し、フィルタコンデンサ132をスター結線し、その共通接続点側を直流コンデンサ28の負端子(太陽電池1の負極N)と接続している。また、各充電回路9x~9zが、直流コンデンサ28の正端子(太陽電池1の正極P)と各出力コンデンサ61x~61zの正端子との間に接続されている。なお、各充電回路9x~9zは、IGBT素子Tと限流抵抗Rとが直列に接続されたものである。その他の構成については、図9に示した実施の形態5と同様のものであるので、相当するものに同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。
図11は、実施の形態7である太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナの構成を示す構成図である。以上の各実施の形態における交流電源系統5は、三相の各相がスター結線され中性点が接地されるものであった。上記以外としては、デルタ結線でそのうちの一つの相例えばV相が接地される場合がある。この場合にも、上述したのと同様の課題が生じる。この実施の形態は、このような場合に本発明を適用したものである。図11において、太陽電池1で発電された直流電力は、昇圧チョッパ回路210によって所定の直流電圧Eボルトへ昇圧される。昇圧された直流電力は、インバータ回路220にて三相交流電力に変換され、正弦波フィルタ230、及び出力直流電圧回路4を介して交流電源系統50に接続される。太陽電池1は、接地されておらず、その負極Nは、大地との間に浮遊静電容量Csの等価コンデンサ3にて接地された形になっている。交流電源系統50は三相の各相の電源がデルタ結線された三相デルタ結線交流電源系統であり、そのV相が接地されている。
Claims (9)
- 太陽電池を接地された交流電源系統に絶縁手段を介することなく接続する太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナであって、電力変換装置とバイアス印加装置とを有し、
上記電力変換装置は、上記太陽電池が発電する直流電力を交流電力に変換するものであり、
上記バイアス印加装置は、上記電力変換装置と上記交流電源系統との間に直列に挿入され上記太陽電池の負極側がマイナス電位にならないように上記太陽電池にバイアス電圧を与えるものである
太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナ。 - 上記太陽電池は、薄膜型太陽電池であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナ。
- 上記バイアス印加装置は、上記直流電力の電圧の1/2以上のバイアス電圧を与えるものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナ。
- 上記バイアス印加装置は、コンデンサと充電回路とを有するものであって、
上記コンデンサは、上記電力変換装置と上記交流電源系統との間に直列に挿入されるものであり、
上記充電回路は、上記直流電力を上記コンデンサに充電して上記バイアス電圧を与えるものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナ。 - 上記コンデンサは、そのインピーダンスが上記電力変換装置の定格インピーダンスの5%以下に設定されたものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナ。
- 上記コンデンサは、電解コンデンサであり、
ダイオードが設けられたものであって、
上記ダイオードはその陰極側が上記電解コンデンサの正極側に接続されるようにして上記電解コンデンサに並列に接続されたものであることを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナ。 - 連系スイッチが設けられたものであって、
上記連系スイッチは、上記バイアス印加装置と上記交流電源系統との間に設けられ、上記バイアス印加装置の出力電圧が上記直流電力の電圧の1/2以上になったとき閉路されるものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナ。 - 上記交流電源系統は、三相の各相電源がスター結線されるとともに中性点が接地された三相スター結線交流電源系統であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナ。
- 上記交流電源系統は、三相の各相電源がデルタ結線されるとともに一相が接地された三相デルタ結線交流電源系統であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽光発電用パワーコンディショナ。
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- 2010-07-14 CN CN201080037607.7A patent/CN102484372B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-14 JP JP2011528624A patent/JP5226873B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-14 WO PCT/JP2010/004567 patent/WO2011024374A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-07-14 US US13/386,710 patent/US8614903B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103814514A (zh) * | 2011-08-19 | 2014-05-21 | 艾思玛太阳能技术股份公司 | 逆变器的输入线路的电位限定 |
US20140159504A1 (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2014-06-12 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Potential definition of input lines of an inverter |
US9912218B2 (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2018-03-06 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Potential definition of input lines of an inverter |
JP2016201548A (ja) * | 2011-10-31 | 2016-12-01 | テンケーソーラー インコーポレイテッドTenksolar,Inc. | 光起電システム |
JP2013162671A (ja) * | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-19 | Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co Ltd | パワーコンディショナ |
CN103427435A (zh) * | 2012-05-17 | 2013-12-04 | 北京动力源科技股份有限公司 | 一种三相非隔离型光伏并网逆变器和一种光伏发电系统 |
JP2018516060A (ja) * | 2015-05-27 | 2018-06-14 | 華為技術有限公司Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd. | 電源システム及び電力供給方法 |
JP2018133926A (ja) * | 2017-02-15 | 2018-08-23 | オムロン株式会社 | 電源システム、dc/dcコンバータ及びパワーコンディショナ |
JP2019122093A (ja) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-22 | シャープ株式会社 | 電力制御装置、太陽光発電システム、およびプログラム |
JP7046600B2 (ja) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-04-04 | シャープ株式会社 | 電力制御装置、太陽光発電システム、およびプログラム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2011024374A1 (ja) | 2013-01-24 |
JP5226873B2 (ja) | 2013-07-03 |
CN102484372A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
US8614903B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 |
CN102484372B (zh) | 2014-06-18 |
US20120120694A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
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