WO2011019064A1 - セルロース誘導体、樹脂組成物、成形体及びその製造方法並びに電気電子機器用筐体 - Google Patents
セルロース誘導体、樹脂組成物、成形体及びその製造方法並びに電気電子機器用筐体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011019064A1 WO2011019064A1 PCT/JP2010/063662 JP2010063662W WO2011019064A1 WO 2011019064 A1 WO2011019064 A1 WO 2011019064A1 JP 2010063662 W JP2010063662 W JP 2010063662W WO 2011019064 A1 WO2011019064 A1 WO 2011019064A1
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- 0 CC(C)(*)[N+](*)[O-] Chemical compound CC(C)(*)[N+](*)[O-] 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B13/00—Preparation of cellulose ether-esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/32—Cellulose ether-esters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cellulose derivative, a resin composition, a molded product and a method for producing the same, and a case for an electric and electronic device.
- Various materials are used for members constituting an electric / electronic device such as a copying machine, a printer, etc. in consideration of characteristics, functions and the like required for the members.
- a member (housing) that stores a drive machine or the like of electric and electronic equipment and protects the drive machine PC (Polycarbonate), ABS (Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) resin, PC / ABS, etc. are generally used.
- PC Polycarbonate
- ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
- PC / ABS etc.
- These resins are produced by reacting compounds obtained using petroleum as a raw material.
- fossil resources such as oil, coal and natural gas are mainly composed of carbon which has been fixed in the ground for many years.
- carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere by burning such fossil resources or products derived from fossil resources, carbon that was originally fixed deep in the ground without being present in the atmosphere
- carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is greatly increased, which causes global warming. Therefore, polymers such as ABS and PC that use petroleum, which is a fossil resource, have excellent properties as materials for members for electric and electronic devices, but use petroleum that is a fossil resource as a raw material Therefore, it is desirable to reduce its use from the viewpoint of preventing global warming.
- a plant-derived resin is originally produced by a photosynthetic reaction in which plants use carbon dioxide in the air and water as raw materials. Therefore, even if the plant-derived resin is incinerated to generate carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide originally corresponds to the carbon dioxide that was in the atmosphere, so the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is plus or minus zero. In the end, there is an idea that the total amount of CO 2 in the atmosphere is not increased. From such a concept, plant-derived resins are referred to as so-called "carbon neutral" materials. The use of carbon-neutral materials in place of petroleum-derived resins is an urgent matter in preventing global warming in recent years.
- Patent Document 2 a method of reducing petroleum-derived resources by using plant-derived resources such as starch as a part of petroleum-derived materials in PC polymers.
- Patent Document 2 further improvement is required from the viewpoint of aiming at a more complete carbon neutral material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cellulose derivative and a resin composition which have good thermoplasticity, strength and heat resistance and are suitable for molding and processing.
- the present inventors have found that, by focusing on the molecular structure of cellulose and making the cellulose into a cellulose derivative of a specific structure, they exhibit good thermoplasticity, impact resistance and heat resistance, and complete the present invention It came to That is, the above-mentioned subject can be achieved by the following means.
- -CO-R C A cellulose derivative having (R C represents a hydrocarbon group).
- An electric / electronic device comprising a molded product obtained by heating and molding the cellulose derivative according to any one of the above (1) to (7) or the resin composition according to the above (9) Housing.
- a method for producing a molded article comprising the step of heating and molding the cellulose derivative according to any one of the above (1) to (8) or the resin composition according to the above (9).
- the cellulose derivative or resin composition of the present invention has excellent thermoplasticity and can be formed into a molded article. Moreover, the molded object formed with the cellulose derivative or resin composition of this invention has favorable impact resistance, heat resistance, etc., component parts, such as a motor vehicle, a household appliance, an electrical and electronic equipment, a machine part, a house -It can be suitably used as a building material and the like. In addition, since it is a plant-derived resin, it can be substituted for conventional petroleum-derived resins as a material that can contribute to the prevention of global warming. In addition, the cellulose derivative and the resin composition of the present invention exhibit biodegradability and are expected to be utilized as a material having a small environmental load.
- the cellulose derivative of the present invention is A) hydrocarbon group, B) an acyl group: -CO-R B and ethyleneoxy group: -C is group (R B comprising 2 H 4 -O- and represents a hydrocarbon group), and C) an acyl group:. -CO-R C (R C represents a hydrocarbon group).
- the cellulose derivative in the present invention at least a part of the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups contained in cellulose ⁇ (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n ⁇ is the above A) hydrocarbon group, the above B) acyl group (—CO— A group containing R B ) and an ethyleneoxy group (—C 2 H 4 —O—), and C ) substituted with an acyl group (—CO—R C ).
- the cellulose derivative in this invention has a repeating unit represented by following General formula (2).
- R 2 , R 3 and R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, A) a hydrocarbon group, B) an acyl group (—CO—R B ) and an ethyleneoxy group (—C 2 H 4 —O And-), or C) an acyl group (-CO-R C ).
- R B and R C each independently represent a hydrocarbon group.
- R 2, R 3, and at least a portion of the R 6 represents a hydrocarbon group
- at least a part of R 2 , R 3 and R 6 represents an acyl group (-CO-R C ).
- Cellulose derivatives of the present invention is a novel compound, at least part A of the hydroxyl groups of the ⁇ - glucose ring as described above) a hydrocarbon group, B) an acyl group (-CO-R B) ethylene oxy group ( It is possible to develop thermoplasticity by being etherified and esterified with a group containing —C 2 H 4 —O—) and C) an acyl group (—CO—R C ), and it is possible to mold and process it. It can be suitable. In addition, this cellulose derivative can exhibit excellent strength and heat resistance as a molded product, and is particularly useful as a thermoforming material. Furthermore, since cellulose is a complete plant-derived component, it is carbon neutral and can significantly reduce the burden on the environment.
- cellulose refers to a polymer compound in which a large number of glucose are bonded by ⁇ -1,4-glycosidic bond, and carbon atoms at positions 2, 3 and 6 in the glucose ring of cellulose. It means that the hydroxyl group bonded to is unsubstituted.
- hydroxyl group contained in cellulose refers to a hydroxyl group bonded to carbon atoms at positions 2, 3 and 6 in the glucose ring of cellulose.
- hydrogen atoms of hydroxyl groups contained in cellulose are A) at least one group substituted with a hydrocarbon group, At least one said B) an acyl group (-CO-R B) (R B is substituted with a group containing a represents a hydrocarbon group.) With ethylene group (-C 2 H 4 -O-) group And C) at least one group substituted with an acyl group (—CO—R C ) (R C represents a hydrocarbon group).
- the cellulose derivative of the present invention may have two or more different groups as the above A) to C).
- the cellulose derivative is, the A) hydrocarbon group in any part of the whole, B) a group containing an acyl group (-CO-R B) and ethyleneoxy group (-C 2 H 4 -O-), And C ) as long as it contains an acyl group (-CO-R C ), it may be composed of the same repeating unit, or may be composed of a plurality of types of repeating units. Furthermore, the cellulose derivative does not have to contain all of the substituents A) to C) in one repeating unit. More specific embodiments include, for example, the following embodiments.
- a part of the cellulose derivative may contain unsubstituted repeating units (that is, repeating units in which all of R 2 , R 3 and R 6 in the general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms).
- the hydrocarbon group may be either an aliphatic group or an aromatic group. When it is an aliphatic group, it may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may have an unsaturated bond.
- an aliphatic group an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group etc. are mentioned, for example.
- an aromatic group a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthryl group etc. are mentioned.
- the hydrocarbon group is preferably an aliphatic group, more preferably an alkyl group, and still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (lower alkyl group).
- methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, tert-butyl group, isoheptyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- Preferred is a group or ethyl group.
- R B represents a hydrocarbon group.
- R B may be either an aliphatic group or an aromatic group.
- R B may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may have an unsaturated bond.
- R B preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group is mentioned.
- the alkyl group or aryl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Most preferably, it is an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms (ie, a methyl group or an ethyl group).
- R B methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, tert-butyl group, isoheptyl group, etc.
- R B is a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group.
- B) a group containing an acyl group (-CO-R B) and ethyleneoxy group (-C 2 H 4 -O-) may be a group containing a structure represented by the following general formula (1) preferable.
- R B represents a hydrocarbon group.
- the definition and the preferred range of R B in the general formula (1) are the same as described above.
- the group B) may contain a plurality of ethyleneoxy groups or may contain only one ethyleneoxy group. More specifically, the group B) can be represented by the following general formula (1 ').
- R B represents a hydrocarbon group.
- n represents the number of repetitions and is a number of 1 or more.
- the definition and the preferred range of R B in the general formula (1 ′) are the same as described above.
- the upper limit of n is not particularly limited and changes depending on the introduction amount of ethyleneoxy group and the like, and is, for example, about 10.
- a group of the above B) containing only one ethyleneoxy group (a group in which n is 1 in the above general formula (1 ′)) and the above B) containing two or more ethyleneoxy groups
- a group (a group in which n is 2 or more in the above general formula (1 ′)) may be mixed and contained.
- R C represents a hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrocarbon group R C is represented, it is possible to apply the same as those described in the above R B.
- the preferred range of R C is also the same as in the above R B.
- the A) hydrocarbon group, the hydrocarbon group represented by the R B and R C , and the ethylene group may or may not have a further substituent, but are not substituted. Substitution is preferred.
- R B and R C have a further substituent, it is preferable that the substituent which imparts water solubility, such as a sulfonic acid group or a carboxyl group, is not included. By not containing these groups, a cellulose derivative insoluble in water and a molding material comprising the cellulose derivative can be obtained.
- the further substituent include a halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine) An atom, an iodine atom), a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group (the carbon number of the alkyl group portion is preferably 1 to 5), an alkenyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- a halogen atom eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine
- An atom, an iodine atom an atom, an iodine atom
- a hydroxy group the carbon number of the alkyl group portion is preferably 1 to 5
- an alkenyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- said A) hydrocarbon group, R B or R C is other than an alkyl group, it may have an alkyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 5) as a substituent.
- the resin when using the cellulose derivative in this invention as a molding material, it is preferable that it is water-insoluble. Therefore, it is preferable that the resin substantially does not have a water-soluble substituent such as a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a salt thereof.
- the cellulose derivative can be made water insoluble by having substantially no carboxyl group, and is more suitable for molding processing.
- “having substantially no carboxyl group” refers not only to the case where the cellulose derivative in the present invention does not have any carboxyl group, but also to a slight amount of carboxyl groups within the range in which the cellulose derivative in the present invention is insoluble in water. The case where it has is included.
- a cellulose which is a raw material may contain a carboxyl group, and a cellulose derivative into which a substituent of the above A) to C) is introduced using this may contain a carboxyl group.
- water insoluble means that the solubility in 100 parts by mass of water at 25 ° C. (pH 3 to 11) is 5 parts by mass or less.
- the preferable content of the carboxyl group contained in the cellulose derivative of the present invention is 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less with respect to the cellulose derivative.
- cellulose derivative in the present invention examples include acetoxyethyl methyl acetyl cellulose, acetoxy ethyl ethyl acetyl cellulose, acetoxy ethyl propyl acetyl cellulose, acetoxy ethyl butyl acetyl cellulose, acetoxy ethyl pentyl acetyl cellulose, acetoxy ethyl hexyl acetyl cellulose and acetoxy ethyl cyclohexyl acetyl Cellulose, acetoxyethyl phenyl acetyl cellulose, acetoxy ethyl naphthyl acetyl cellulose,
- Propionyloxyethylmethylpropionylcellulose propionyloxyethylethylpropionylcellulose, propionyloxyethylpropylpropionylcellulose, propionyloxyethylbutylpropionylcellulose, propionyloxyethylpentylpropionylcellulose, propionyloxyethylhexylpropionylcellulose, propionyloxyethylcyclohexylpropionylcellulose, propionyloxy Ethyl phenyl propionyl cellulose, propionyloxy ethyl naphthyl propionyl cellulose,
- A) hydrocarbon groups in the cellulose derivative B) a group containing an acyl group (-CO-R B) and ethyleneoxy group (-C 2 H 4 -O-), and C) an acyl group (-CO-R
- substitution position of C There are no particular limitations on the substitution position of C ), and the number (degree of substitution) of each substituent per ⁇ -glucose ring unit.
- the substitution degree of the A) hydrocarbon group DSa (in the repeating unit, the number of A) hydrocarbon groups with respect to the hydroxyl group at the 2nd, 3rd and 6th positions of the ⁇ -glucose ring is 1.0 ⁇ DSa Is preferable, and 1.0 ⁇ DSa ⁇ 2.5 is more preferable.
- the number of groups B) containing an acyl group and an ethyleneoxy group for the hydroxyl group at position 6 and 6 is preferably 0 ⁇ DSb. Since the melting start temperature can be lowered by satisfying 0 ⁇ DSb, thermoforming can be performed more easily.
- the number of unsubstituted hydroxyl groups present in the cellulose derivative is also not particularly limited.
- the degree of substitution DSh of hydrogen atoms (the proportion of 2-, 3- and 6-hydroxyl groups in the polymerized unit being unsubstituted) can be in the range of 0 to 1.5, preferably 0 to 0.6. can do. By setting DSh to 0.6 or less, it is possible to improve the flowability of the thermoforming material, to accelerate the thermal decomposition and to suppress the foaming due to the water absorption of the thermoforming material at the time of molding.
- the cellulose derivative in the present invention the A) hydrocarbon group, B) an acyl group (-CO-R B) and ethyleneoxy group (-C 2 H 4 -O-) a base including, and C) acyl It may have a substituent other than the group (—CO—R C ).
- the substituent which may be carried include, for example, hydroxyethyl group, hydroxyethoxyethyl group and hydroxyethoxyethoxyethyl group. Therefore, although the sum total of each substitution degree of all the substituents which a cellulose derivative has is 3, (DSa + DSb + DSc + DSh) is 3 or less.
- the introduction amount of ethyleneoxy group in the group B) is represented by the degree of molar substitution (MS: introduced mole number of substituent per glucose residue) (Cellorite Society of Japan editorial, Cellulose Dictionary P 142).
- the molar substitution degree MS of the ethyleneoxy group is preferably 0 ⁇ MS, more preferably 0 ⁇ MS ⁇ 1.5, and still more preferably 0 ⁇ MS ⁇ 1.0.
- MS is 1.5 or less (MS ⁇ 1.5)
- heat resistance, moldability and the like can be improved, and a cellulose derivative suitable for a thermoforming material can be obtained.
- the molecular weight of the cellulose derivative is preferably in the range of 5 ⁇ 10 3 to 1000 ⁇ 10 3 , more preferably in the range of 10 ⁇ 10 3 to 800 ⁇ 10 3 , and further preferably in the range of 10 ⁇ 10 3 to 500 ⁇ 10 3. A range of 3 is most preferred.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is preferably in the range of 7 ⁇ 10 3 to 10000 ⁇ 10 3 , more preferably in the range of 100 ⁇ 10 3 to 5000 ⁇ 10 3 , and in the range of 500 ⁇ 10 3 to 5000 ⁇ 10 3 Is most preferred. By setting it as the average molecular weight of this range, the moldability of a molded object, mechanical strength, etc. can be improved.
- the molecular weight distribution (MWD) is preferably in the range of 1.1 to 10.0, and more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 8.0. By setting it as molecular weight distribution of this range, moldability etc. can be improved.
- the measurement of the number average molecular weight (Mn), the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) in the present invention can be performed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Specifically, N-methyl pyrrolidone can be used as a solvent, polystyrene gel can be used, and the molecular weight can be determined using a conversion molecular weight calibration curve previously obtained from the constitutive curve of standard monodispersed polystyrene.
- the method for producing a cellulose derivative in the present invention is not particularly limited, and the cellulose derivative of the present invention can be produced by using cellulose as a raw material and etherifying and esterifying cellulose.
- the raw material of cellulose is not limited, and examples thereof include cotton, linter, pulp and the like.
- a preferred embodiment of the method for producing a cellulose derivative in the present invention is, for example, an ester by reacting a cellulose ether having a hydrocarbon group and a hydroxyethyl group: -C 2 H 4 -OH with, for example, an acid chloride or an acid anhydride. It is carried out by the method including the step of conversion (acylation).
- cellulose ether for example, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, etc.
- cellulose is allowed to react with alkyl chloride / ethylene oxide such as methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, etc.
- alkyl chloride / ethylene oxide such as methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, etc.
- the method including the process of esterifying by making an acid anhydride etc. react is also mentioned.
- a method of reacting the acid chloride for example, the method described in Cellulose 10; 283-296, 2003 can be used.
- the cellulose derivative of the present invention can be obtained by esterification of hydroxyethyl alkyl cellulose. Since this esterification occurs with respect to the hydroxyl group of hydroxyethyl group and the hydroxyl group of cellulose, when the reaction is carried out using a plurality of esterifying agents (anhydride / acid chloride), a plurality of esterified hydroxy compounds are obtained. Ethyl groups and esterified cellulose are obtained.
- cellulose ether having a hydrocarbon group and a hydroxyethyl group examples include hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl propyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl allyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl benzyl cellulose and the like. Preferred are hydroxyethyl methylcellulose and hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose.
- hydroxyl ethyl methyl cellulose commercially available ones may be used. There are several substitution degree types in the commercial product, and there is a viscosity grade indicated by the viscosity value of a 2% aqueous solution at 20 ° C. for each substitution degree type, with a viscosity value of about 1 to 200,000. Generally, high viscosity grades have higher molecular weight (Mn, Mw) than low viscosity grades. The molecular weight of the produced cellulose derivative may be adjusted by changing the viscosity grade used.
- carboxylic acid chlorides include acetyl chloride, propionyl chloride, butyryl chloride, isobutyryl chloride, pentanoyl chloride, 2-methylbutanoyl chloride, 3-methylbutanoyl chloride, pivaloyl chloride, hexanoyl chloride, 2-Methylpentanoyl chloride, 3-methylpentanoyl chloride, 4-methylpentanoyl chloride, 2,2-dimethylbutanoyl chloride, 2,3-dimethylbutanoyl chloride, 3,3-dimethylbutanoyl chloride, 2- Ethylbutanoyl chloride, heptanoyl chloride, 2-methylhexanoyl chloride, 3-methylhexanoyl chloride, 4-methylhexano
- the acid anhydride it is possible to use, for example, an acyl group contained in the above B) and a carboxylic acid anhydride corresponding to the C) acyl group.
- carboxylic acid anhydride for example, acetic acid anhydride, propionic acid anhydride, butyric acid anhydride, valeric acid anhydride, hexanoic acid anhydride, heptanoic acid anhydride, octanoic acid anhydride, 2-ethylhexanoic acid Anhydride, nonanoic acid anhydride, etc. are mentioned.
- the cellulose derivative in the present invention does not have a carboxylic acid as a substituent, for example, a compound such as phthalic anhydride, dicarboxylic acid such as maleic anhydride, etc. is reacted with cellulose to generate a carboxyl group. It is preferable not to use
- An acid may be used as a catalyst.
- Preferred acids include, for example, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and the like. More preferred are sulfuric acid and methanesulfonic acid.
- Bisulfates may also be used, and examples include lithium bisulfate, sodium bisulfate, and potassium bisulfate.
- a solid acid catalyst may also be used, and for example, a solid polymer acid catalyst such as ion exchange resin, an inorganic oxide solid acid catalyst represented by zeolite, a carbon type such as used in JP 2009-67730
- a Solid acid catalysts may be mentioned.
- a Lewis acid catalyst may be used, and a titanate ester catalyst as used in US Pat. No. 2,976,277, zinc chloride and the like can be mentioned.
- a base may be used as a catalyst.
- a base examples thereof include pyridines, alkali metal salts of acetic acid such as sodium acetate, dimethylaminopyridine and anilines.
- reaction systems in which the esterification reaction proceeds without using a catalyst.
- a reaction system using N, N-dimethylacetamide as a solvent and acetyl chloride or propionyl chloride as an acetylating agent can be mentioned.
- a general organic solvent can be used.
- carboxylic acid and carboxamide solvents are preferable.
- carboxylic acid for example, a carboxylic acid corresponding to the acyl group contained in B) and the acyl group contained in C) can be used.
- carboxylic acid ethyl acetate or acetonitrile may be used in combination.
- carboxamide solvents include those used in JP-A-10-5117129 and US Pat. No. 2,705,710, and examples thereof include N, N-dimethylacetamide.
- dimethyl sulfoxide containing lithium chloride as used in JP-A-2003-41052 may be used.
- a halogenated solvent may be used, preferably dichloromethane.
- acid chloride used as an esterification agent may be used as a solvent.
- Cellulose derivatives used as raw materials are produced from biomass resources such as cotton linter and wood pulp. Materials made from biomass resources may also be used as raw materials other than cellulose derivatives. For example, acetic acid and acetic anhydride produced by a fermentation method from ethanol produced from cellulosic biomass or starch biomass can be mentioned.
- carboxylic acid or acetic acid containing a small amount of an acid catalyst may be added to the raw material cellulose derivative and mixed.
- the raw material cellulose derivative may be dried before use to reduce the water content. Since the contained water causes a side reaction to react with acetic anhydride, the amount of acetic anhydride used can be reduced by reducing the contained water.
- the rate of the esterification reaction may be controlled by adding the catalyst in divided portions, changing the addition rate, or combining them, as described in Japanese Patent No. 2,754,066.
- the esterification reaction is a violent exothermic reaction, and since the reaction solution has a high viscosity, it is effective when heat removal becomes difficult.
- the generated vapor is condensed to flow out to the reaction system.
- the reaction product may be concentrated.
- the heat of reaction generated by the esterification reaction can be removed by taking away the latent heat of vaporization of the volatile solvent.
- the esterification reaction may be carried out in multiple steps as described in JP-A-2000-511588. For example, as a first step, after reacting cellulose with a first acetylating agent in the presence of a base catalyst, as a second step, reacting with a second acetylating agent in the presence of an acid catalyst, and the like.
- the temperature of the esterification reaction is high, the esterification reaction rate is increased, and the reaction time can be shortened, but molecular weight reduction due to depolymerization reaction tends to occur.
- the lower the temperature the slower the esterification reaction. It is preferable to adjust the reaction temperature and time depending on the target cellulose derivative structure and target molecular weight (Mn, Mw).
- the reaction may be performed by irradiating ultrasonic waves.
- the mixture in the reactor gradually becomes doped from the solid-liquid state, and the dope viscosity in the reaction system becomes very high.
- the dope viscosity is further increased by a method in which the esterification reaction is performed under reduced pressure conditions while the gas phase components of the reaction system are distilled out of the reaction system.
- a base usually in the form of an aqueous solution
- water or an alcohol
- the acid catalyst is neutralized, and when adding water, the acid catalyst is not neutralized. Generally, it is better to neutralize, but it does not have to be. When it is better to neutralize, for example, the thermal stability of the synthesized polymer is reduced due to the influence of the bound sulfuric acid bound to the cellulose derivative.
- the combined sulfuric acid is decomposed without neutralization at one time by a method such as adding a base continuously. It is possible to adopt a method of neutralizing in stages while maintaining easy liquid properties.
- the base used as the neutralizing agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a base, but preferred examples thereof include alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds. Specifically, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, Calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and the like.
- the method for separating the target cellulose derivative is not particularly limited. For example, methods such as precipitation, filtration, washing, drying, extraction, concentration, and column chromatography can be used alone or in combination of two or more as appropriate. From the viewpoint of the properties, purification efficiency, etc., a method of separating the cellulose derivative by a precipitation (reprecipitation) operation is preferable.
- a solution containing the cellulose derivative is mixed with the poor solvent, for example, the reaction solution containing the cellulose derivative is charged into the poor solvent of the cellulose derivative, or the poor solvent is charged into a solution containing the cellulose derivative. It is done by doing.
- any solvent having low solubility of the cellulose derivative may be used, and examples thereof include dilute acetic acid, water, alcohols and the like. Preferably, it is dilute acetic acid or water.
- the solid-liquid separation method for the obtained precipitate is not particularly limited, and methods such as filtration and sedimentation can be used. It is preferably filtration, and various dehydrators using decompression, pressurization, gravity, squeezing, centrifugation and the like can be used. For example, a vacuum dehydrator, a pressure dehydrator, a belt press, a centrifugal filtration dehydrator, a vibrating screen, a roller press, a belt screen and the like can be mentioned.
- the separated precipitate is often washed with water or the like to remove acetic acid, an acid used as an acid catalyst, a solvent, and a free metal component.
- acetic acid and an acid used as an acid catalyst are preferably removed because they cause a decrease in molecular weight of the resin at the time of molding and a decrease in physical performance thereby.
- a neutralizing agent may be added at the time of washing.
- the base used as the neutralizing agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a base, but preferred examples thereof include alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds. Specifically, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, Calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and the like. Further, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-67961, a buffer may be used for washing.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and various dryers that perform drying under conditions such as air blowing and pressure reduction can be used.
- the resin composition of the present invention contains the above-described cellulose derivative, and may contain other additives as needed.
- the content ratio of the components contained in the thermoforming material is not particularly limited.
- the cellulose derivative is contained 75% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, still more preferably 80 to 100% by mass.
- the thermoforming material of the present invention may contain, in addition to the cellulose derivative of the present invention, if necessary, various additives such as a filler and a flame retardant.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain a filler (reinforcement material).
- the inclusion of the filler can enhance the mechanical properties of the formed article.
- the shape of the filler may be any of fibrous, plate, granular, powder and the like. In addition, it may be inorganic or organic. Specifically, as the inorganic filler, glass fiber, carbon fiber, graphite fiber, metal fiber, potassium titanate whisker, aluminum borate whisker, magnesium whisker, silicon whisker, warasteite, sepiolite, slag fiber, zonolite, Fibrous inorganic fillers such as elestadite, gypsum fiber, silica fiber, silica / alumina fiber, zirconia fiber, boron nitride fiber, boron nitride fiber and boron fiber; Glass flakes, non-swelling mica, carbon black, graphite, metal foil , Ceramic beads, talc, clay, mica, sericite, zeolite, bentonite, dolomite, kaolin, finely divided silicic acid, feldspar powder, potassium
- organic fillers synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers, nylon fibers, acrylic fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers, acetate fibers, etc., and kenaf, ramie, cotton, jute, hemp, sisal, manila hemp, flax, natural fibers such as linen, silk and wool
- organic fillers synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers, nylon fibers, acrylic fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers, acetate fibers, etc., and kenaf, ramie, cotton, jute, hemp, sisal, manila hemp, flax, natural fibers such as linen, silk and wool
- fibrous organic fillers obtained from microcrystalline cellulose, sugar cane, wood pulp, paper waste, waste paper and the like, and granular organic fillers such as organic pigments.
- the resin composition contains a filler
- its content is not limited, but it is usually 30 parts by mass or less, preferably 5 to 10 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cellulose derivative.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain a flame retardant. This can improve the flame retardant effect such as the reduction or suppression of the combustion rate.
- the flame retardant is not particularly limited, and a commonly used flame retardant can be used.
- a commonly used flame retardant can be used.
- brominated flame retardants, chlorinated flame retardants, phosphorus-containing flame retardants, silicon-containing flame retardants, nitrogen compound flame retardants, inorganic flame retardants and the like can be mentioned.
- it does not cause thermal decomposition at the time of compounding with a resin or during molding processing to generate hydrogen halide and cause corrosion of processing machines and molds or deterioration of the working environment, and also at the time of incineration disposal.
- Phosphorus-containing flame retardants and silicon-containing flame retardants are preferred because halogens are less likely to adversely affect the environment due to dispersal and decomposition to generate harmful substances such as dioxins.
- phosphorus-containing flame retardant there is no particular limitation on the phosphorus-containing flame retardant, and commonly used ones can be used.
- organic phosphorus compounds such as phosphoric acid ester, phosphoric acid condensed ester, polyphosphate and the like can be mentioned.
- phosphoric acid esters include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, tributoxyethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, tris (isopropyl phenyl) Phosphate, tris (phenylphenyl) phosphate, trinaphthyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, xylenyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, di (isopropylphenyl) phenyl phosphate, monoisodecyl phosphate, 2-acryloyloxyethyl Acid phosphate, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl acid phosphate, dipheny -2-Acryloyl
- phosphoric acid condensation esters examples include resorcinol polyphenyl phosphate, resorcinol poly (di-2,6-xylyl) phosphate, bisphenol A polycresyl phosphate, hydroquinone poly (2,6-xylyl) phosphate and condensates thereof, etc. And aromatic phosphoric acid condensation esters and the like.
- polyphosphates comprising salts of phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, metals of Groups 1 to 14 of the periodic table, ammonia, aliphatic amines, and aromatic amines.
- lithium salts as metal salts, sodium salts, calcium salts, barium salts, iron (II) salts, iron (III) salts, aluminum salts, etc.
- methylamine salts as aliphatic amine salts
- aromatic amine salts include pyridine salts, triazines and the like.
- halogen-containing phosphate esters such as trischloroethyl phosphate, trisdichloropropyl phosphate, tris ( ⁇ -chloropropyl) phosphate and the like, and a structure in which a phosphorus atom and a nitrogen atom are connected by a double bond And phosphazene compounds having phosphoric acid and phosphoric acid ester amides.
- phosphorus-containing flame retardants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an organosilicon compound having a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure, polydimethylsiloxane, or a side chain or terminal methyl group of polydimethylsiloxane is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, Those which are substituted or modified with aromatic hydrocarbon groups, so-called silicone oils or modified silicone oils are mentioned.
- a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, an amino group, an epoxy group, a polyether group, a carboxyl group, a mercapto group, Chloroalkyl group, alkyl higher alcohol ester group, alcohol group, aralkyl group, vinyl group, trifluoromethyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- These silicon-containing flame retardants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the flame retardant other than the phosphorus-containing flame retardant or the silicon-containing flame retardant for example, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, antimony trioxide, antimony pentoxide, sodium antimonate, zinc hydroxystannate, zinc stannate, Metastannic acid, tin oxide, tin oxide salt, zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, ferrous oxide, ferric oxide, stannous oxide, stannic oxide, zinc borate, ammonium borate, ammonium octamolybdate, tungsten Inorganic flame retardants such as metal salts of acids, complex oxides of tungsten and metalloid, ammonium sulfamate, ammonium bromide, zirconium compounds, guanidine compounds, fluorine compounds, graphite, swelling graphite, etc. can be used . These other flame retardants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content thereof is not limited, but usually 30 parts by mass or less, preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cellulose derivative. By setting this range, impact resistance, brittleness and the like can be improved, and the occurrence of pellet blocking can be suppressed.
- the resin composition of the present invention is, besides the above-mentioned cellulose derivative, filler and flame retardant, for the purpose of further improving various properties such as moldability and flame retardancy within the range not to inhibit the object of the present invention. It may contain ingredients. Other components include, for example, polymers other than the above-mentioned cellulose derivatives, plasticizers, stabilizers (antioxidants, UV absorbers, etc.), release agents (fatty acids, fatty acid metal salts, oxyfatty acids, fatty acid esters, aliphatic moieties) Saponified ester, paraffin, low molecular weight polyolefin, fatty acid amide, alkylene bis fatty acid amide, aliphatic ketone, fatty acid lower alcohol ester, fatty acid polyhydric alcohol ester, fatty acid polyglycol ester, modified silicone), antistatic agent, flame retardant auxiliary agent, Processing aids, anti-drip agents, antibacterial agents, anti-mold agents and the like can be mentioned. Furthermore, coloring agents including
- thermoplastic polymer As polymers other than the said cellulose derivative, although a thermoplastic polymer and a thermosetting polymer can also be used, a thermoplastic polymer is preferable from the point of a moldability.
- Specific examples of polymers other than cellulose derivatives include low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene copolymer, ethylene-butene- 1) Copolymers, polypropylene homopolymers, polypropylene copolymers (such as ethylene-propylene block copolymers), polyolefins such as polybutene-1 and poly-4-methylpentene-1, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate and other aromatic polyesters Polyamides such as polyester, nylon 6, nylon 46, nylon 66, nylon 610, nylon 612, nylon 6 T, nylon 12 etc., polystyrene, high impact polys
- various acrylic rubbers ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers and alkali metal salts thereof (so-called ionomers), ethylene-acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymers (for example, ethylene-ethyl acrylate co-weight) Combined, ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer), diene rubber (eg, 1,4-polybutadiene, 1,2-polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polychloroprene), copolymer of diene and vinyl monomer (eg, , Styrene-butadiene random copolymer, styrene-butadiene block copolymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-isoprene random copolymer, styrene-isoprene block copolymer,
- those having various degrees of crosslinking those having various microstructures, such as those having a cis structure, a trans structure, etc., those having a vinyl group, or those having various average particle sizes, or the core layer A so-called core-shell rubber multi-layer structure polymer or the like composed of one or more covering shell layers and adjacent layers comprising different polymers may also be used, and further, a core-shell rubber containing a silicone compound. Can also be used. These polymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content is preferably 30 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cellulose derivative.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain a plasticizer.
- a plasticizer those commonly used in the formation of polymers can be used.
- polyester plasticizers, glycerin plasticizers, polyvalent carboxylic acid ester plasticizers, polyalkylene glycol plasticizers, epoxy plasticizers and the like can be mentioned.
- polyester plasticizers include acid components such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, diphenyldicarboxylic acid, rosin, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4 And polyesters comprising a diol component such as butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, and polyesters comprising a hydroxycarboxylic acid such as polycaprolactone. These polyesters may be endcapped with a monofunctional carboxylic acid or monofunctional alcohol, or may be endcapped with an epoxy compound or the like.
- acid components such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, diphenyldicarboxylic acid, rosin, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4
- glycerin-based plasticizer examples include glycerin monoacetomonolaurate, glycerin diacetomonolaurate, glycerin monoacetomonostearate, glycerin diacetomonooleate, and glycerin monoacetomonomontanate.
- polyvalent carboxylic acid plasticizers include phthalates such as dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, diheptyl phthalate, dibenzyl phthalate, and butyl benzyl phthalate, and trimellitic acid Trimellitic esters such as tributyl, trioctyl trimellitate, trihexyl trimellitate, diisodecyl adipate, n-octyl-n-decyl adipate, methyl diglycol butyl diglycol adipate, benzyl methyl diglycol adipate, adipic acid Adipates such as benzyl butyl diglycol Citric acid esters such as triethyl acetyl citrate and tributyl acetyl citrate, azelaic acid esters such as di-2-ethylhexyl azelate
- polyalkylene glycol plasticizers include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, poly (ethylene oxide / propylene oxide) block and / or random copolymer, polytetramethylene glycol, ethylene oxide addition polymers of bisphenols, bisphenols
- propylene oxide addition polymers, polyalkylene glycols such as tetrahydrofuran addition polymers of bisphenols, or terminal epoxy-modified compounds thereof, terminal ester-modified compounds, terminal ether-modified compounds and the like can be mentioned.
- Epoxy plasticizers generally refer to epoxy triglycerides and the like consisting of alkyl epoxy stearate and soybean oil, but also so-called epoxy resins mainly made from bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin. It can be used.
- plasticizers include neopentyl glycol dibenzoate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, benzoic acid esters of aliphatic polyols such as triethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, fatty acid amides such as stearic acid amide, oleic acid Aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as butyl, methyl acetyl ricinoleate, oxy acid esters such as butyl acetyl ricinoleate, pentaerythritol, various sorbitols and the like.
- the content thereof is usually 5 parts by mass or less, preferably 0.005 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0. 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cellulose derivative. It is 01 to 1 part by mass.
- the molded object of this invention is obtained by shape
- the application of the molded article of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, interior or exterior parts of electric and electronic devices (home appliances, OA / media related devices, optical devices and communication devices etc.), automobiles, mechanical parts And materials for housing and construction.
- electric and electronic devices home appliances, OA / media related devices, optical devices and communication devices etc.
- automobiles mechanical parts And materials for housing and construction.
- exterior components for electric and electronic devices such as copiers, printers, personal computers, televisions etc. Can be suitably used as
- Synthesis Example 1 Synthesis of acetoxyethyl methyl acetyl cellulose (C-1) Weigh 45 g of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (trade name Marpolose ME-250T; made by Matsumoto Yushi) and 2250 mL of N, N-dimethylacetamide in a 5 L three-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, condenser and dropping funnel and stir at room temperature. did. After confirming that the reaction system became clear and completely dissolved, 129 mL of acetyl chloride was slowly added dropwise to raise the temperature of the system to 80.degree. C. to 90.degree. After stirring for 3 hours, the temperature of the reaction system was cooled to room temperature.
- C-1 acetoxyethyl methyl acetyl cellulose
- the reaction solution was poured into 10 L of water while vigorously stirring to precipitate a white solid.
- the white solid was filtered off by suction filtration and washed three times with a large amount of water.
- the resulting white solid was vacuum dried at 100 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain the target cellulose derivative (C-1) (acetoxyethyl methyl acetyl cellulose, substitution degree described in Table 1) as a white powder (57. 8g).
- the reaction solution was poured into 10 L of water while vigorously stirring to precipitate a white solid.
- the white solid was filtered off by suction filtration and washed three times with a large amount of water.
- the resulting white solid was vacuum dried at 100 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain the target cellulose derivative (C-2) (acetoxyethyl methyl acetyl cellulose, the degree of substitution is described in Table 1) as a white powder (58. 5g).
- Synthesis Example 3 Synthesis of propionyloxyethylmethylpropionyl cellulose (C-3) Weigh 45 g of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (trade name Marpolose ME-350T; made by Matsumoto Yushi) and 2250 mL of N, N-dimethylacetamide in a 5 L three-necked flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, condenser and dropping funnel and stir at room temperature. did. After confirming that the reaction system became clear and completely dissolved, 158 mL of propionyl chloride was slowly added dropwise to raise the temperature of the system to 80.degree. C. to 90.degree. After stirring for 3 hours, the temperature of the reaction system was cooled to room temperature.
- C-3 propionyloxyethylmethylpropionyl cellulose
- the reaction solution was poured into 10 L of water while vigorously stirring to precipitate a white solid.
- the white solid was filtered off by suction filtration and washed three times with a large amount of water.
- the obtained white solid was vacuum dried at 100 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain the target cellulose derivative (C-3) (propionyloxyethylmethylpropionyl cellulose, the degree of substitution is described in Table 1) as a white powder (79 .2g).
- Synthesis Example 4 Synthesis of propionyloxyethylmethylpropionyl cellulose (C-4) Weigh 45 g of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (trade name Marpolose ME-350T; made by Matsumoto Yushi) and 2250 mL of N, N-dimethylacetamide in a 5 L three-necked flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, condenser and dropping funnel and stir at room temperature. did. After confirming that the reaction system became clear and completely dissolved, 93.1 mL of propionyl chloride was slowly added dropwise, and the temperature of the system was raised to 80 ° C to 90 ° C.
- C-4 propionyloxyethylmethylpropionyl cellulose
- the temperature of the reaction system was cooled to room temperature, and 100 ml of methanol and 500 ml of water were added.
- the reaction solution was poured into 10 L of water with vigorous stirring, and the white solid was filtered off by suction filtration and washed three times with a large amount of water.
- the obtained white solid was vacuum dried at 100 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain the target cellulose derivative (C-4) (propionyloxyethylmethylpropionyl cellulose, the degree of substitution is described in Table 1) as a white powder (50 .5g).
- Synthesis Example 6 Synthesis of acetoxyethylpropionyloxyethylmethylacetylpropionyl cellulose (C-6)> Weigh 45 g of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (trade name Marpolose ME-350T; made by Matsumoto Yushi) and 2250 mL of N, N-dimethylacetamide in a 5 L three-necked flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, condenser and dropping funnel and stir at room temperature. did.
- Synthesis Example 7 Synthesis of acetoxyethyl butyryloxy ethyl methyl acetyl butyryl cellulose (C-7) Weigh 45 g of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (trade name Marpolose ME-350T; made by Matsumoto Yushi) and 2250 mL of N, N-dimethylacetamide in a 5 L three-necked flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, condenser and dropping funnel and stir at room temperature. did.
- the types of functional groups substituted by hydroxyl groups (R 2 , R 3 and R 6 ) contained in cellulose, and DSa, MS, and DSb + DSc are Cellulose Communication 6,73-79 ( It was observed and determined by 1 H-NMR using the method described in 1999).
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the obtained cellulose derivative were measured.
- the measurement methods of these are as follows.
- the measurement of a number average molecular weight (Mn) and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) used gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Specifically, N-methyl pyrrolidone was used as a solvent, polystyrene gel was used, and it was determined using a conversion molecular weight calibration curve previously obtained from a constitutive curve of standard monodispersed polystyrene.
- the GPC apparatus used was HLC-8220GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation).
- “B) group containing an acyl group and an ethyleneoxy group” in the cellulose derivatives C-1, C-2, C-9 and C-10 all includes the structure of the following formula (1-1)
- the group "B) containing an acyl group and an ethyleneoxy group” in the cellulose derivatives C-3, C-4, and C-11 is any group including the structure of the following formula (1-2)
- the “B) group containing an acyl group and an ethyleneoxy group” in the cellulose derivative C-5 is a group containing the structure of the following formula (1-3)
- “a group containing a group” is a group containing a structure of the following formula (1-1) and a structure containing (1-2)
- “B) an acyl group and an ethyleneoxy group in the cellulose derivative C-7 “Group containing” is a group containing the structure of the following formula (1-1) and (1 A group containing the structure of 3) and “a group
- melting start temperature of cellulose derivative The melting start temperature of the obtained cellulose derivative and the raw material Marpolose was measured. The measurement methods of these are as follows. Melting start temperature (Tm) Using a flow tester (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the outflow start temperature of the resin was measured when the temperature was raised at a temperature increase rate of 5 ° C./min under a load of 100 kg, and this was taken as the melting start temperature. The melting start temperature is shown in Table 2.
- the thermal decomposition start temperature was measured about the obtained cellulose derivative and marpolose which is a raw material.
- the measurement methods of these are as follows. [Thermal decomposition start temperature (Td)] Using a thermogravimetric / differential thermal analyzer (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.), the 2% weight loss temperature of the sample was measured when the temperature was raised at 10 ° C./min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and this was taken as the thermal decomposition initiation temperature.
- the thermal decomposition start temperature is shown in Table 2.
- the obtained cellulose derivative has the melting start temperature significantly reduced relative to the raw material marporose.
- the obtained cellulose derivative has a Td-Tm much larger than that of the raw material marpolose, which indicates that the molding utilizing thermoplasticity is facilitated.
- solubility to water was measured about the obtained cellulose derivative and marporose which is a raw material.
- the measurement method of solubility is as follows. [Solubility measurement in water] Each sample was added to 100 g of water at 25 ° C. and stirred to confirm the presence or absence of dissolution. The results are shown in Table 3 below. In Table 3 below, those having a dissolution amount of 5 g or less were regarded as “insoluble”, and those having an amount larger than 5 g were regarded as “dissolution”.
- H-1 is ME-250T (Marpolose: manufactured by Matsumoto Yushi-Chemical)
- H-2 is ME-350T (Marpolose: manufactured by Matsumoto Yushi-Chemical). It can be seen from Table 3 that while hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (H-1 and H-2) is soluble in water, the cellulose derivatives within the scope of the present invention are insoluble.
- Example 1 Preparation of a Formed Article Made of a Cellulose Derivative
- the cellulose derivative (C-1) obtained above is supplied to an injection molding machine (a semi-automatic injection molding machine manufactured by Imoto Machinery Co., Ltd.) to obtain a cylinder temperature of 200 ° C., a mold temperature of 30 ° C., and an injection pressure of 1.5 kgf / A 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 80 mm multi-purpose test specimen (impact test specimen and heat deformation test specimen) was formed in cm 2 .
- an injection molding machine a semi-automatic injection molding machine manufactured by Imoto Machinery Co., Ltd.
- Examples 2 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 In the same manner as in Example 1, cellulose derivatives (C-2) to (C-11), as comparative compounds (H-1) ME-250T (Marpolose: manufactured by Matsumoto Yushi-Kagaku), (H-2) ME-350T (Merpolose: made by Matsumoto Yushi-Chemical), (H-3) (made by Dow Chemical: ethyl cellulose, degree of ethoxy substitution 2.6), (H-4) (made by Eastman Chemical: cellulose acetate propionate, degree of acetyl substitution 0 .1 using a propionyl substitution degree of 2.5) according to the molding conditions of Table 4 described later, to prepare test pieces.
- the cellulose derivative or resin composition of the present invention has excellent thermoplasticity and can be formed into a molded article. Moreover, the molded object formed with the cellulose derivative or resin composition of this invention has favorable impact resistance, heat resistance, etc., component parts, such as a motor vehicle, a household appliance, an electrical and electronic equipment, a machine part, a house -It can be suitably used as a building material and the like. In addition, since it is a plant-derived resin, it can be substituted for conventional petroleum-derived resins as a material that can contribute to the prevention of global warming. In addition, the cellulose derivative and the resin composition of the present invention exhibit biodegradability and are expected to be utilized as a material having a small environmental load.
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Abstract
Description
しかし、より完全なカーボンニュートラルな材料を目指す観点から、さらなる改良が求められている。
本発明の目的は、良好な熱可塑性、強度及び耐熱性を有し、成形加工に適したセルロース誘導体及び樹脂組成物を提供することである。
すなわち、上記課題は以下の手段により達成することができる。
(1)A)炭化水素基、
B)アシル基:-CO-RBとエチレンオキシ基:-C2H4-O-とを含む基(RBは炭化水素基を表す。)、及び
C)アシル基:-CO-RC(RCは炭化水素基を表す。)を有するセルロース誘導体。
(2)前記A)炭化水素基が炭素数1~4のアルキル基である、上記(1)に記載のセルロース誘導体。
(3)前記A)炭化水素基がメチル基又はエチル基である、上記(1)に記載のセルロース誘導体。
(4)前記B)アシル基:-CO-RBとエチレンオキシ基:-C2H4-O-とを含む基が、下記一般式(1)で表される構造を含む基である、上記(1)~(3)のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体。
(5)前記RB及びRCが、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基又はアリール基である、上記(1)~(4)のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体。
(6)前記RB及びRCが、それぞれ独立に、メチル基、エチル基、又はプロピル基である、上記(1)~(4)のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体。
(7)前記セルロース誘導体がカルボキシル基を実質的に有さない、上記(1)~(6)のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体。
(8)上記(1)~(7)のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体の製造方法であって、
炭化水素基及びヒドロキシエチル基:-C2H4-OHを有するセルロースエーテルをエステル化する工程を含む、セルロース誘導体の製造方法。
(9)上記(1)~(8)のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体を含有する樹脂組成物。
(10)上記(1)~(7)のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体又は上記(9)に記載の樹脂組成物を加熱し、成形して得られる成形体から構成される電気電子機器用筐体。
(11)上記(1)~(8)のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体又は上記(9)に記載の樹脂組成物を加熱し、成形する工程を備えた、成形体の製造方法。
1.セルロース誘導体
本発明のセルロース誘導体は、
A)炭化水素基、
B)アシル基:-CO-RBとエチレンオキシ基:-C2H4-O-とを含む基(RBは炭化水素基を表す。)、及び
C)アシル基:-CO-RC(RCは炭化水素基を表す。)を有する。
すなわち、本発明におけるセルロース誘導体は、セルロース{(C6H10O5)n}に含まれる水酸基の水素原子の少なくとも一部が、前記A)炭化水素基、前記B)アシル基(-CO-RB)とエチレンオキシ基(-C2H4-O-)とを含む基、及び前記C)アシル基(-CO-RC)により置換されている。
より詳細には、本発明におけるセルロース誘導体は、下記一般式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を有する。
また、このセルロース誘導体は、成形体としても優れた強度及び耐熱性を発現することができ、特に熱成形材料として有用である。更には、セルロースは完全な植物由来成分であるため、カーボンニュートラルであり、環境に対する負荷を大幅に低減することができる。
前記A)炭化水素基で置換された基を少なくとも1つ、
前記B)アシル基(-CO-RB)(RBは炭化水素基を表す。)とエチレンオキシ基(-C2H4-O-)とを含む基で置換された基を少なくとも1つ、及び
前記C)アシル基(-CO-RC)(RCは炭化水素基を表す。)で置換された基を少なくとも1つ含む。
本発明のセルロース誘導体は、前記A)~C)として異なる2種以上の基を有していてもよい。
より具体的な態様としては、例えば以下の態様が挙げられる。
(1)R2、R3及びR6の一部が、A)炭化水素基で置換されている繰り返し単位と、R2、R3及びR6の一部が、B)アシル基(-CO-RB)とエチレンオキシ基(-C2H4-O-)とを含む基で置換されている繰り返し単位と、R2、R3及びR6の一部が、C)アシル基(-CO-RC)で置換されている繰り返し単位と、から構成されるセルロース誘導体。
(2)ひとつの繰り返し単位のR2、R3及びR6のいずれかがA)炭化水素基、B)アシル基(-CO-RB)とエチレンオキシ基(-C2H4-O-)とを含む基、及びC)アシル基(-CO-RC)で置換されている(すなわち、ひとつの繰り返し単位中に前記A)~C)の置換基をすべて有する)同種の繰り返し単位から構成されるセルロース誘導体。
(3)前記A)~C)の置換基の置換位置や置換基の種類が異なる繰り返し単位が、ランダムに結合しているセルロース誘導体。
また、セルロース誘導体の一部には、無置換の繰り返し単位(すなわち、前記一般式(1)において、R2、R3及びR6すべてが水素原子である繰り返し単位)を含んでいてもよい。
A)炭化水素基は、脂肪族基が好ましく、より好ましくはアルキル基であり、更に好ましくは炭素数1~4のアルキル基(低級アルキル基)である。具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、tert-ブチル基、イソヘプチル基等が挙げられ、メチル基又はエチル基が好ましい。
RBとしては、好ましくはアルキル基又はアリール基が挙げられる。アルキル基又はアリール基としては、炭素数1~12のアルキル基又はアリール基が好ましく、より好ましくは炭素数1~12のアルキル基であり、更に好ましくは炭素数1~4のアルキル基であり、最も好ましくは炭素数1又は2のアルキル基(すなわち、メチル基又はエチル基)である。
具体的には、RBとしては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、tert-ブチル基、イソヘプチル基等が挙げられる。好ましくは、RBはメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基である。
一般式(1)におけるRBの定義及び好ましい範囲は前述のものと同様である。
前記B)の基は、エチレンオキシ基を複数含んでいてもよいし、1つだけ含むものであってもよい。より具体的には前記B)の基は、下記一般式(1’)で表すことができる。
一般式(1’)におけるRBの定義及び好ましい範囲は前述のものと同様である。
nの上限は特に限定されず、エチレンオキシ基の導入量等により変わるが、例えば10程度である。
本発明のセルロース誘導体において、エチレンオキシ基を1つだけ含む前記B)の基(上記式一般式(1’)においてnが1である基)と、エチレンオキシ基を2以上含む前記B)の基(上記式一般式(1’)においてnが2以上である基)とが混合して含まれていてもよい。
特に、RB及びRCがさらなる置換基を有する場合、水溶性を付与するような置換基、例えば、スルホン酸基、カルボキシル基などを含まないことが好ましい。これらの基を含まないことにより、水に不溶なセルロース誘導体及び該セルロース誘導体からなる成形材料が得られる。
ここで「カルボキシル基を実質的に有さない」とは、本発明におけるセルロース誘導体が全くカルボキシル基を有さない場合のみならず、本発明におけるセルロース誘導体が水に不溶な範囲で微量のカルボキシル基を有する場合を包含するものとする。例えば、原料であるセルロースにカルボキシル基が含まれる場合があり、これを用いて前記A)~C)の置換基を導入したセルロース誘導体はカルボキシル基が含まれる場合があるが、これは「カルボキシル基を実質的に有さないセルロース誘導体」に含まれるものとする。
また、「水不溶性である」とは、25℃の水(pH3~11)100質量部への溶解度が5質量部以下であることを意味する。
本発明のセルロース誘導体に含まれるカルボキシル基の好ましい含有量としては、セルロース誘導体に対して1質量%以下、より好ましくは0.5質量%以下である。
B)アシル基(-CO-RB)とエチレンオキシ基(-C2H4-O-)とを含む基の置換度DSb(繰り返し単位中、β-グルコース環のセルロース構造の2位、3位及び6位の水酸基に対するB)アシル基とエチレンオキシ基を含む基の数)は、0<DSbであることが好ましい。0<DSbであることにより、溶融開始温度を低くできるので、熱成形をより容易に行うことができる。
C)アシル基(-CO-RC)の置換度DSc(繰り返し単位中、β-グルコース環のセルロース構造の2位、3位及び6位の水酸基に対するC)アシル基の数)は、0.1<DScであることが好ましく、0.1<DSc<2.0であることがより好ましい。
分子量分布(MWD)は1.1~10.0の範囲が好ましく、2.0~8.0の範囲が更に好ましい。この範囲の分子量分布とすることにより、成形性等を向上させることができる。
本発明における、数平均分子量(Mn)、重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分子量分布(MWD)の測定は、ゲル・パーミエーション・クロマトグラフィー(GPC)を用いて行うことができる。具体的には、N-メチルピロリドンを溶媒とし、ポリスチレンゲルを使用し、標準単分散ポリスチレンの構成曲線から予め求められた換算分子量較正曲線を用いて求めることができる。
本発明におけるセルロース誘導体の製造方法は特に限定されず、セルロースを原料とし、セルロースに対しエーテル化及びエステル化することにより本発明のセルロース誘導体を製造することができる。セルロースの原料としては限定的でなく、例えば、綿、リンター、パルプ等が挙げられる。
本発明におけるセルロース誘導体の製造方法の好ましい態様は、例えば、炭化水素基とヒドロキシエチル基:-C2H4-OHを有するセルロースエーテルに例えば酸クロライド又は酸無水物等を反応させることにより、エステル化(アシル化)する工程を含む方法によって行うものである。
また、別の態様として、セルロースエーテル(例えばメチルセルロース、エチルセルロース等)にエチレンオキサイド等によりエーテル化するか、又はセルロースにメチルクロライド、エチルクロライド等のアルキルクロライド/エチレンオキサイドを作用させた後、更に酸クロライド又は酸無水物等を反応させることにより、エステル化する工程を含む方法も挙げられる。
酸クロライドを反応させる方法としては、例えばCellulose 10;283-296,2003に記載の方法を用いることができる。
なお、前述したとおり、本発明におけるセルロース誘導体は置換基としてカルボン酸を有さないことが好ましいため、例えば無水フタル酸、無水マレイン酸等のジカルボン酸等、セルロースと反応させてカルボキシル基が生じる化合物を用いないことが好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、上記で説明したセルロース誘導体を含有しており、必要に応じてその他の添加剤を含有することができる。
熱成形材料に含まれる成分の含有割合は、特に限定されない。好ましくはセルロース誘導体を75質量%以上、より好ましくは80質量%以上、更に好ましくは80~100質量%含有する。
本発明の熱成形材料は、本発明のセルロース誘導体のほか、必要に応じて、フィラー、難燃剤等の種々の添加剤を含有していてもよい。
具体的には、無機フィラーとしては、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、グラファイト繊維、金属繊維、チタン酸カリウムウイスカー、ホウ酸アルミニウムウイスカー、マグネシウム系ウイスカー、珪素系ウイスカー、ワラステナイト、セピオライト、スラグ繊維、ゾノライト、エレスタダイト、石膏繊維、シリカ繊維、シリカ・アルミナ繊維、ジルコニア繊維、窒化硼素繊維、窒化硅素繊維及び硼素繊維等の繊維状の無機フィラーや;ガラスフレーク、非膨潤性雲母、カーボンブラック、グラファイト、金属箔、セラミックビーズ、タルク、クレー、マイカ、セリサイト、ゼオライト、ベントナイト、ドロマイト、カオリン、微粉ケイ酸、長石粉、チタン酸カリウム、シラスバルーン、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、硫酸バリウム、酸化カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、酸化マグネシウム、ケイ酸アルミニウム、酸化ケイ素、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、石膏、ノバキュライト、ドーソナイト、白土等の板状や粒状の無機フィラーが挙げられる。
難燃剤は、特に限定されず、常用のものを用いることができる。例えば、臭素系難燃剤、塩素系難燃剤、リン含有難燃剤、ケイ素含有難燃剤、窒素化合物系難燃剤、無機系難燃剤等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、樹脂との複合時や成形加工時に熱分解してハロゲン化水素が発生して加工機械や金型を腐食させたり、作業環境を悪化させたりすることがなく、また、焼却廃棄時にハロゲンが気散したり、分解してダイオキシン類等の有害物質の発生等によって環境に悪影響を与える可能性が少ないことから、リン含有難燃剤及びケイ素含有難燃剤が好ましい。
これらのリン含有難燃剤は、1種単独でも2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
これらのケイ素含有難燃剤は1種単独でも2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
他の成分としては、例えば、前記セルロース誘導体以外のポリマー、可塑剤、安定剤(酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤など)、離型剤(脂肪酸、脂肪酸金属塩、オキシ脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪族部分鹸化エステル、パラフィン、低分子量ポリオレフィン、脂肪酸アミド、アルキレンビス脂肪酸アミド、脂肪族ケトン、脂肪酸低級アルコールエステル、脂肪酸多価アルコールエステル、脂肪酸ポリグリコールエステル、変成シリコーン)、帯電防止剤、難燃助剤、加工助剤、ドリップ防止剤、抗菌剤、防カビ剤等が挙げられる。更に、染料や顔料を含む着色剤などを添加することもできる。
また、各種アクリルゴム、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン-アクリル酸共重合体及びそのアルカリ金属塩(いわゆるアイオノマー)、エチレン-アクリル酸アルキルエステル共重合体(例えば、エチレン-アクリル酸エチル共重合体、エチレン-アクリル酸ブチル共重合体)、ジエン系ゴム(例えば、1,4-ポリブタジエン、1,2-ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、ポリクロロプレン)、ジエンとビニル単量体との共重合体(例えば、スチレン-ブタジエンランダム共重合体、スチレン-ブタジエンブロック共重合体、スチレン-ブタジエン-スチレンブロック共重合体、スチレン-イソプレンランダム共重合体、スチレン-イソプレンブロック共重合体、スチレン-イソプレン-スチレンブロック共重合体、ポリブタジエンにスチレンをグラフト共重合させたもの、ブタジエン-アクリロニトリル共重合体)、ポリイソブチレン、イソブチレンとブタジエン又はイソプレンとの共重合体、ブチルゴム、天然ゴム、チオコールゴム、多硫化ゴム、アクリルゴム、ニトリルゴム、ポリエーテルゴム、エピクロロヒドリンゴム、フッ素ゴム、シリコーンゴム、その他ポリウレタン系やポリエステル系、ポリアミド系などの熱可塑性エラストマー等が挙げられる。
これらのポリマーは、1種単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
より具体的には、前記セルロース誘導体、又は、前記セルロース誘導体及び必要に応じて各種添加剤等を含む樹脂組成物を加熱し、各種の成形方法により成形する工程を含む製造方法によって得られる。
成形方法としては、例えば、射出成形、押し出し成形、ブロー成形等が挙げられる。
加熱温度は、通常160~300℃であり、好ましくは180~260℃である。
メカニカルスターラー、温度計、冷却管、滴下ロートをつけた5Lの三ツ口フラスコにヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(商品名マーポローズME-250T;松本油脂製)45g、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド2250mLを量り取り、室温で攪拌した。反応系が透明になり完溶したことを確認した後、アセチルクロライド129mLをゆっくりと滴下し、系の温度を80℃~90℃に昇温した。このまま3時間攪拌した後、反応系の温度を室温まで冷却した。反応溶液を水10Lへ激しく攪拌しながら投入すると、白色固体が析出した。白色固体を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、大量の水で3回洗浄を行った。得られた白色固体を100℃で6時間真空乾燥することにより目的のセルロース誘導体(C-1)(アセトキシエチルメチルアセチルセルロース、置換度は表1に記載)を白色粉体として得た(57.8g)。
メカニカルスターラー、温度計、冷却管、滴下ロートをつけた5Lの三ツ口フラスコにヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(商品名マーポローズME-350T;松本油脂製)45g、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド2250mLを量り取り、室温で攪拌した。反応系が透明になり完溶したことを確認した後、アセチルクロライド129mLをゆっくりと滴下し、系の温度を80℃~90℃に昇温した。このまま3時間攪拌した後、反応系の温度を室温まで冷却した。反応溶液を水10Lへ激しく攪拌しながら投入すると、白色固体が析出した。白色固体を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、大量の水で3回洗浄を行った。得られた白色固体を100℃で6時間真空乾燥することにより目的のセルロース誘導体(C-2)(アセトキシエチルメチルアセチルセルロース、置換度は表1に記載)を白色粉体として得た(58.5g)。
メカニカルスターラー、温度計、冷却管、滴下ロートをつけた5Lの三ツ口フラスコにヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(商品名マーポローズME-350T;松本油脂製)45g、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド2250mLを量り取り、室温で攪拌した。反応系が透明になり完溶したことを確認した後、プロピオニルクロライド158mLをゆっくりと滴下し、系の温度を80℃~90℃に昇温した。このまま3時間攪拌した後、反応系の温度を室温まで冷却した。反応溶液を水10Lへ激しく攪拌しながら投入すると、白色固体が析出した。白色固体を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、大量の水で3回洗浄を行った。得られた白色固体を100℃で6時間真空乾燥することにより目的のセルロース誘導体(C-3)(プロピオニルオキシエチルメチルプロピオニルセルロース、置換度は表1に記載)を白色粉体として得た(79.2g)。
メカニカルスターラー、温度計、冷却管、滴下ロートをつけた5Lの三ツ口フラスコにヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(商品名マーポローズME-350T;松本油脂製)45g、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド2250mLを量り取り、室温で攪拌した。反応系が透明になり完溶したことを確認した後、プロピオニルクロライド93.1mLをゆっくりと滴下し、系の温度を80℃~90℃に昇温した。このまま3時間攪拌した後、反応系の温度を室温まで冷却し、メタノール100ml、水500mlを添加した。反応溶液を水10Lへ激しく攪拌しながら投入し、白色固体を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、大量の水で3回洗浄を行った。得られた白色固体を100℃で6時間真空乾燥することにより目的のセルロース誘導体(C-4)(プロピオニルオキシエチルメチルプロピオニルセルロース、置換度は表1に記載)を白色粉体として得た(50.5g)。
メカニカルスターラー、温度計、冷却管、滴下ロートをつけた5Lの三ツ口フラスコにヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(商品名マーポローズME-350T;松本油脂製)45g、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド2250mLを量り取り、室温で攪拌した。反応系が透明になり完溶したことを確認した後、ブチリルクロライド112.3mLをゆっくりと滴下し、系の温度を80℃~90℃に昇温した。このまま3時間攪拌した後、反応系の温度を室温まで冷却し、メタノール100ml、水500mlを添加した。反応溶液を水10Lへ激しく攪拌しながら投入し、白色固体を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、大量の水で3回洗浄を行った。得られた白色固体を100℃で6時間真空乾燥することにより目的のセルロース誘導体(C-5)(ブチリルオキシエチルメチルブチリルセルロース、置換度は表1に記載)を白色粉体として得た(55.2g)。
メカニカルスターラー、温度計、冷却管、滴下ロートをつけた5Lの三ツ口フラスコにヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(商品名マーポローズME-350T;松本油脂製)45g、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド2250mLを量り取り、室温で攪拌した。反応系が透明になり完溶したことを確認した後、アセチルクロライド38.7ml、プロピオニルクロライド46.6mLの混合液をゆっくりと滴下し、系の温度を80℃~90℃に昇温した。このまま3時間攪拌した後、反応系の温度を室温まで冷却し、メタノール100ml、水500mlを添加した。反応溶液を水10Lへ激しく攪拌しながら投入し、白色固体を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、大量の水で3回洗浄を行った。白色固体をメタノールで溶解させ、その溶液を水に落とすことで得られた白色固体を100℃で6時間真空乾燥することにより目的のセルロース誘導体(C-6)(アセトキシエチルプロピオニルオキシエチルメチルアセチルプロピオニルセルロース、置換度は表1に記載)を白色粉体として得た(59.1g)。
メカニカルスターラー、温度計、冷却管、滴下ロートをつけた5Lの三ツ口フラスコにヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(商品名マーポローズME-350T;松本油脂製)45g、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド2250mLを量り取り、室温で攪拌した。反応系が透明になり完溶したことを確認した後、アセチルクロライド38.7ml、ブチリルクロライド56.2mLの混合液をゆっくりと滴下し、系の温度を80℃~90℃に昇温した。このまま3時間攪拌した後、反応系の温度を室温まで冷却し、メタノール100ml、水500mlを添加した。反応溶液を水10Lへ激しく攪拌しながら投入し、白色固体を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、大量の水で3回洗浄を行った。白色固体をメタノールで溶解させ、その溶液を水に落とすことで得られた白色固体を100℃で6時間真空乾燥することにより目的のセルロース誘導体(C-7)(アセトキシエチルブチリルオキシエチルメチルアセチルブチリルセルロース、置換度は表1に記載)を白色粉体として得た(60.2g)。
メカニカルスターラー、温度計、冷却管、滴下ロートをつけた5Lの三ツ口フラスコにヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(商品名マーポローズME-350T;松本油脂製)45g、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド2250mLを量り取り、室温で攪拌した。反応系が透明になり完溶したことを確認した後、プロピオニルクロライド46.6ml、ブチリルクロライド56.2mLの混合液をゆっくりと滴下し、系の温度を80℃~90℃に昇温した。このまま3時間攪拌した後、反応系の温度を室温まで冷却し、メタノール100ml、水500mlを添加した。反応溶液を水10Lへ激しく攪拌しながら投入し、白色固体を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、大量の水で3回洗浄を行った。得られた白色固体を100℃で6時間真空乾燥することにより目的のセルロース誘導体(C-8)(ブチリルオキシエチルプロピオニルオキシエチルメチルブチリルプロピオニルセルロース、置換度は表1に記載)を白色粉体として得た(55.9g)。
1Lのニーダー(攪拌機としてシグマブレードを有する二軸のウェルナー型ニーダー)にヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(商品名マーポローズME-250T;松本油脂製)30g、メタンスルホン酸0.74g、無水酢酸57.4mlを量り取り、室温で10分攪拌の後、反応系の温度を35℃まで昇温し、酢酸120mlを30分かけて滴下した後、更に2時間保持し、アセチル化を行った。撹拌しながら水180mlをゆっくり滴下した。このドープ溶液を10%希酢酸420ml中に攪拌下投入すると、白色固体が析出した。白色固体を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、大量の水で洗浄を行った。得られた白色固体を100℃で6時間真空乾燥することにより、目的のセルロース誘導体(C-9)(アセトキシエチルメチルアセチルセルロース、置換度は表1に記載)を白色粉体として得た(35.1g)。
1Lのニーダー(攪拌機としてシグマブレードを有する二軸のウェルナー型ニーダー)にヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(商品名マーポローズME-250T;松本油脂製)30g硫酸0.37g、無水酢酸57.4mlを量り取り、室温で10分攪拌の後、反応系の温度を35℃まで昇温し、酢酸120mlを30分かけて滴下した後、更に2時間保持し、アセチル化を行った。撹拌しながら水180mlをゆっくり滴下した。このドープ溶液を10%希酢酸420ml中に攪拌下投入すると、白色固体が析出した。白色固体を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、大量の水で洗浄を行った。得られた白色固体を100℃で6時間真空乾燥することにより、目的のセルロース誘導体(C-10)(アセトキシエチルメチルアセチルセルロース、置換度は表1に記載)を白色粉体として得た(36.9g)。
1Lのニーダー(攪拌機としてシグマブレードを有する二軸のウェルナー型ニーダー)にヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(商品名マーポローズME-250T;松本油脂製)30g、メタンスルホン酸0.74g、無水プロピオン酸77.2mlを量り取りを量り取り、室温で10分攪拌の後、反応系の温度を35℃まで昇温し、プロピオン酸120mlを30分かけて滴下した後、更に2時間保持し、アセチル化を行った。撹拌しながら水180mlをゆっくり滴下した。このドープ溶液を10%希酢酸420ml中に攪拌下投入すると、白色固体が析出した。白色固体を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、大量の水で洗浄を行った。得られた白色固体を100℃で6時間真空乾燥することにより、目的のセルロース誘導体(C-11)((プロピオニルオキシエチルメチルプロピオニルセルロース、置換度は表1に記載)を白色粉体として得た(37.6g)。
得られたセルロース誘導体について、数平均分子量(Mn)、重量平均分子量(Mw)、を測定した。これらの測定方法は以下の通りである。
[分子量及び分子量分布]
数平均分子量(Mn)、重量平均分子量(Mw)の測定は、ゲル・パーミエーション・クロマトグラフィー(GPC)を用いた。具体的には、N-メチルピロリドンを溶媒とし、ポリスチレンゲルを使用し、標準単分散ポリスチレンの構成曲線から予め求められた換算分子量較正曲線を用いて求めた。GPC装置は、HLC-8220GPC(東ソー社製)を使用した。
得られたセルロース誘導体及び原料であるマーポローズについて、溶融開始温度を測定した。これらの測定方法は以下の通りである。
[溶融開始温度(Tm)]
フローテスター(島津製作所製)において荷重100kgにて、昇温速度5℃/minで昇温したときの樹脂の流出開始温度を測定し、溶融開始温度とした。溶融開始温度を表2に示す。
得られたセルロース誘導体及び原料であるマーポローズについて、熱分解開始温度を測定した。これらの測定方法は以下の通りである。
[熱分解開始温度(Td)]
熱重量/示差熱分析装置(Seiko Instruments Inc.製)を用い、窒素雰囲気下にて10℃/minで昇温したときのサンプルの2%重量減少温度を測定し、熱分解開始温度とした。熱分解開始温度を表2に示す。
[水への溶解度測定]
25℃の水100gに対して各試料を加えて攪拌し、溶解の有無を確認した。結果を下記表3に示す。なお、以下の表3において、溶解量が5g以下のものを「不溶」とし、5gより多い量であったものを「溶解」とした。
表3から、ヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース(H-1及びH-2)は水に対して溶解するのに対し、本発明の範囲のセルロース誘導体は不溶であることがわかる。
[試験片作製]
上記で得られたセルロース誘導体(C-1)を射出成形機((株)井元製作所製、半自動射出成形機)に供給してシリンダー温度200℃、金型温度30℃、射出圧力1.5kgf/cm2にて4×10×80mmの多目的試験片(衝撃試験片及び熱変形試験片)を成形した。
実施例1と同様にして、セルロース誘導体(C-2)~(C-11)、比較化合物として(H-1)ME-250T(マーポローズ:松本油脂化学製)、(H-2)ME-350T(マーポローズ:松本油脂化学製)、(H-3)(ダウケミカル製:エチルセルロース、エトキシ置換度2.6)、(H-4)(イーストマンケミカル製:セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、アセチル置換度0.1、プロピオニル置換度2.5)を用いて、後述の表4の成形条件に従って成形し試験片を作製した。
得られた試験片について、下記の方法にしたがってシャルピー衝撃強度及び熱変形温度(HDT)を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
[シャルピー衝撃強度]
ISO179に準拠して、射出成形にて成形した試験片に入射角45±0.5°、先端0.25±0.05mmのノッチを形成し、23℃±2℃、50%±5%RHで48時間以上静置した後、シャルピー衝撃試験機((株)東洋精機製作所製)によってエッジワイズにて衝撃強度を測定した。
[熱変形温度(HDT)]
ISO75に準拠して、試験片の中央に一定の曲げ荷重(1.8MPa)を加え(フラットワイズ方向)、等速度で昇温させ、中央部のひずみが0.34mmに達したときの温度を測定した。
本発明を詳細にまた特定の実施態様を参照して説明したが、本発明の精神と範囲を逸脱することなく様々な変更や修正を加えることができることは当業者にとって明らかである。
本出願は、2009年8月12日出願の日本特許出願(特願2009-187416)、及び2009年12月25日出願の日本特許出願(特願2009-295059)に基づくものであり、それらの内容はここに参照して組み込まれる。
Claims (11)
- A)炭化水素基、
B)アシル基:-CO-RBとエチレンオキシ基:-C2H4-O-とを含む基(RBは炭化水素基を表す。)、及び
C)アシル基:-CO-RC(RCは炭化水素基を表す。)を有するセルロース誘導体。 - 前記A)炭化水素基が炭素数1~4のアルキル基である、請求項1に記載のセルロース誘導体。
- 前記A)炭化水素基がメチル基又はエチル基である、請求項1に記載のセルロース誘導体。
- 前記RB及びRCが、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基又はアリール基である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体。
- 前記RB及びRCが、それぞれ独立に、メチル基、エチル基、又はプロピル基である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体。
- 前記セルロース誘導体がカルボキシル基を実質的に有さない、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体の製造方法であって、
炭化水素基及びヒドロキシエチル基:-C2H4-OHを有するセルロースエーテルをエステル化する工程を含む、セルロース誘導体の製造方法。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体を含有する樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体又は請求項9に記載の樹脂組成物を加熱し、成形して得られる成形体から構成される電気電子機器用筐体。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース誘導体又は請求項9に記載の樹脂組成物を加熱し、成形する工程を備えた、成形体の製造方法。
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CN201080035806.4A CN102471384B (zh) | 2009-08-12 | 2010-08-11 | 纤维素衍生物、树脂组合物、成型体及其制备方法,以及用于电气和电子装置的壳体 |
KR1020127003472A KR101668902B1 (ko) | 2009-08-12 | 2010-08-11 | 셀룰로오스 유도체, 수지 조성물, 성형체 및 그 제조 방법 그리고 전기 전자기기용 케이싱 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101668902B1 (ko) | 2016-10-24 |
JP2011057958A (ja) | 2011-03-24 |
TWI494321B (zh) | 2015-08-01 |
US20120146468A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
JP5757681B2 (ja) | 2015-07-29 |
KR20120041217A (ko) | 2012-04-30 |
TW201107347A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
CN102471384A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
EP2465874B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
US9074020B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 |
EP2465874A4 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
CN102471384B (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
EP2465874A1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
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