WO2011007562A1 - 画像読取装置 - Google Patents
画像読取装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011007562A1 WO2011007562A1 PCT/JP2010/004556 JP2010004556W WO2011007562A1 WO 2011007562 A1 WO2011007562 A1 WO 2011007562A1 JP 2010004556 W JP2010004556 W JP 2010004556W WO 2011007562 A1 WO2011007562 A1 WO 2011007562A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/04—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa
- H04N1/19—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa using multi-element arrays
- H04N1/191—Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or vice versa using multi-element arrays the array comprising a one-dimensional array, or a combination of one-dimensional arrays, or a substantially one-dimensional array, e.g. an array of staggered elements
- H04N1/1911—Simultaneously or substantially simultaneously scanning picture elements on more than one main scanning line, e.g. scanning in swaths
- H04N1/1912—Scanning main scanning lines which are spaced apart from one another in the sub-scanning direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
- H04N1/48—Picture signal generators
- H04N1/486—Picture signal generators with separate detectors, each detector being used for one specific colour component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
- H04N23/13—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths with multiple sensors
- H04N23/15—Image signal generation with circuitry for avoiding or correcting image misregistration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/701—Line sensors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image reading apparatus having a plurality of one-dimensional pixel columns.
- a one-dimensional pixel row in which a plurality of pixels are arranged in a horizontal direction is arranged in a plurality of rows in a vertical direction, and the plurality of one-dimensional pixel rows are moved relative to a document in a vertical direction to obtain a color image.
- an image reading apparatus that acquires the image data.
- Patent Document 1 pixel signals generated in first to third pixel columns having blue, green, and red filters are transferred by a CCD shift register, and not only a color image but also a monochrome image has high sensitivity.
- a CCD-type solid-state imaging device that can be taken out at high speed is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 since the solid-state imaging device of Patent Document 1 is of the CCD system, it is necessary to provide a transfer gate and a CCD shift register between each one-dimensional pixel column, and the vertical arrangement pitch of each one-dimensional pixel column. There is a certain limit to reducing the size.
- Patent Document 2 an R / B sensor array 12-2 in which red and blue pixels are alternately arranged and a G sensor array 12-1 in which green pixels are arranged are arranged in the vertical direction without any gap.
- An improved linear sensor is disclosed.
- the lead-out gate portions 13-1 and 13-2 are arranged so as to sandwich the G sensor arrays 12-1 and 12-2, and the CCD analog shift registers 14-1 and 14 are arranged.
- -2 is arranged so as to sandwich the lead-out gate portions 13-1 and 13-2.
- Patent Document 2 discloses only the case where there are two sensor arrays, and does not disclose the case where there are three or more sensor arrays. Therefore, when three or more sensor arrays are arranged in the vertical direction without gaps, It is unclear how to arrange the lead-out gate section and the CCD analog shift register.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a CCD linear sensor in which an R sensor array, a G sensor array, and a B sensor array are arranged in this order in the vertical direction with no gaps.
- the R readout gate is arranged on the upper side of the R sensor array, and the G and B readout gates are arranged on the lower side of the B sensor array.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a vertical transfer gate for transferring the pixel signal of the G line sensor to the G and B readout gates is arranged between the B pixels constituting the B sensor array. Therefore, there is a problem that the light receiving area of each B pixel is reduced, and the sensitivity of the B pixel is lowered.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-228688 discloses three rows of R, G, and B one-dimensional pixel columns that are relatively moved in the vertical direction with respect to a document, and a common readout circuit for reading out pixel signals from each one-dimensional pixel column.
- a CMOS-type solid-state imaging device is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 in order to secure a reading period of the pixel signal for a certain time or more, if the vertical arrangement pitch P of each one-dimensional pixel column is W, the vertical width of the light receiving area of each pixel is It is set so as to satisfy P ⁇ (4/3) ⁇ W. Therefore, in Patent Document 3, since there is a certain limit to reducing the arrangement pitch, as described above, there is a problem in that color misregistration due to uneven speed of scanning occurs.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an image reading apparatus capable of preventing color misregistration without reducing the sensitivity of each pixel.
- a one-dimensional pixel column in which a plurality of pixels are arranged in a horizontal direction is arranged in n (n is an integer of 2 or more) rows in a vertical direction orthogonal to the horizontal direction.
- the reading circuit is controlled to cyclically select a one-dimensional pixel column in an arbitrary row from the original pixel column, and to read out a pixel signal of a subject exposed by the selected one-dimensional pixel column, and
- the vertical array of one-dimensional pixel columns Pitch of P, when the horizontal readout period is H, the scanning speed S is, and a control unit for controlling the vertical movement part such that S P / (H (n + 1)).
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an image reading apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is the figure which showed typically the external appearance structure of the pixel part by Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a pixel circuit constituting each pixel.
- (A) is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the position of each pixel column and the original when the pixel portion is moved from the lower side to the upper side in the vertical direction with respect to the original.
- FIG. 4B is a timing chart showing an exposure period and a readout period of each pixel column when each pixel column moves as shown in FIG. (A) is the same figure as FIG. 4 (B),
- (B) is a timing chart which shows operation
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the position of each pixel column and the original when the pixel unit is moved from the lower side to the upper side in the vertical direction with respect to the original in the image reading apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. It is. It is the schematic diagram which showed the external appearance structure of the pixel part in Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a pixel unit and a readout circuit of an image reading device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an image reading apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the image reading apparatus 1 includes a pixel unit 2, a vertical scanning circuit 3, a horizontal scanning circuit 4, a reading circuit 5, a control unit 6, a differential amplifier 7, and a vertical moving unit 8.
- the image reading apparatus 1 scans a subject moving in the vertical direction with respect to the stationary pixel unit 2 or moves the subject in the vertical direction with respect to the stationary subject of the pixel unit 2. to scan.
- a document is adopted as the subject.
- control unit 6 is omitted, that is, the pixel unit 2, the vertical scanning circuit 3, the horizontal scanning circuit 4, the readout circuit 5, and the differential amplifier 7 are solid-state imaging devices.
- the pixel unit 2 includes pixel columns 21 to 23 (one-dimensional pixel columns) arranged in three rows in the vertical direction orthogonal to the horizontal direction.
- Each of the pixel columns 21 to 23 is a line sensor in which a plurality of pixels GP are arranged one-dimensionally in the horizontal direction.
- B (blue), G (green), and R (red) color filters are attached to the openings of the respective pixels GP, and the subject is exposed to expose B, G, and R. Read the pixel signal.
- the vertical scanning circuit 3 is connected to each of the pixel columns 21 to 23 via a row selection signal line L1, and a row selection signal for selecting each row of the pixel unit 2 according to the clock signal CLK output from the control unit 6.
- a row selection signal line L1 for selecting each row of the pixel unit 2 according to the clock signal CLK output from the control unit 6.
- the vertical scanning circuit 3 is configured by a shift register, but is not limited thereto, and may be configured by a random access circuit.
- the vertical scanning circuit 3 is configured by a shift register, the pixel columns 21 to 23 can be cyclically selected in accordance with the arrangement order with a simple configuration.
- the pixel columns 21 to 23 can be cyclically selected in an arbitrary order regardless of the arrangement order of the pixel columns 21 to 23.
- the horizontal scanning circuit 4 is composed of, for example, a shift register, and cyclically sends a column selection signal for selecting each column of the pixel unit 2 to the readout circuit 5 of each column in accordance with a clock signal CLK output from the control unit 6. For example, each readout circuit 5 is scanned in the horizontal direction from the left side to the right side or from the right side to the left side.
- Each vertical signal line L2 is connected to each of the three pixels GP in the corresponding column.
- the readout circuit 5 is provided corresponding to each column of the pixel unit 2 and reads a pixel signal from each pixel GP. That is, the readout circuit 5 is provided in common for the three pixels GP in the corresponding column, and reads out pixel signals from these three pixels GP via the vertical signal line L2.
- the readout circuit 5 includes a load transistor Qa, a signal sample hold switch S1, a noise sample hold switch S2, a signal sample hold capacitor C1, a noise sample hold capacitor C2, and amplifiers A1 and A2.
- the load transistor Qa is composed of, for example, a field effect transistor, and functions as a load by applying a load voltage signal VD to the gate under the control of the control unit 6.
- the noise sample hold switch S2 is turned on / off under the control of the control unit 6.
- the noise sample hold switch S2 is turned on, the noise component of the pixel signal is read from the pixel column selected by the vertical scanning circuit 3, and sampled in the noise sample hold capacitor C2. Hold.
- the amplifier A2 outputs the noise component sampled and held in the noise sample hold capacitor C2 to the differential amplifier 7 in accordance with the column selection signal output from the horizontal scanning circuit 4.
- the signal sample hold switch S1 is turned on / off under the control of the control unit 6 and reads the noise component + signal component of the pixel signal from the pixel column selected by the vertical scanning circuit 3 when the signal sample hold switch S1 is turned on. C1 is sample-held.
- the amplifier A1 outputs the noise component + signal component sampled and held in the signal sample hold capacitor C1 to the differential amplifier 7 in accordance with the column selection signal output from the horizontal scanning circuit 4.
- the control unit 6 includes, for example, a dedicated hardware circuit or a microcomputer including a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and the like, and controls the entire image reading apparatus 1. To manage.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- control unit 6 adds any one pixel column from the pixel columns 21 to 23 to the vertical scanning circuit 3 every time a predetermined horizontal readout period (hereinafter referred to as “H period”) elapses.
- the readout circuit 5 and the horizontal scanning circuit 4 are controlled so as to cyclically select and read out the pixel signal of the subject exposed by the selected pixel row.
- control unit 6 sets the vertical arrangement pitch of the pixel columns 21 to 23 to P and the H period to H, so that the scanning speed S in the vertical direction between the pixel unit 2 and the document satisfies the formula (1).
- the vertical moving unit 8 is controlled.
- control unit 6 causes the vertical scanning circuit 3 to cyclically select the pixel columns 21 to 23 in this order. However, the control unit 6 may cause the vertical scanning circuit 3 to cyclically select in any order. Good.
- the H period may be variable.
- an operation unit that receives an operation instruction from the user is further provided, and the control unit 6 may set the H period in accordance with the operation instruction received by the operation unit.
- the control unit 6 may change the H period, for example, by changing the frequency of the clock signal CLK or increasing / decreasing the number of pixels to be read in the 1H period.
- the differential amplifier 7 takes the difference between the noise component output from the amplifier A2 and the noise component + signal component output from the amplifier A1, and removes the noise component from the pixel signal. Output to the A / D converter.
- the vertical moving unit 8 moves the pixel unit 2 in the vertical direction relative to the document to be exposed at the scanning speed S shown in the equation (1).
- the vertical moving unit 8 moves the pixel unit 2 in the vertical direction with respect to the stationary document.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the pixel unit 2 is moved in the vertical direction with respect to the stationary document. You may make it move to.
- the pixel unit 2 When the pixel unit 2 is moved in the vertical direction with respect to the stationary document, the pixel unit 2 is moved by driving the moving mechanism for moving the pixel unit 2 in a predetermined movement range in the vertical direction. What is necessary is just to comprise the vertical moving part 8 using the motor for this.
- the vertical moving unit 8 may be configured by using a conveyance roller that moves the document in the vertical direction and a motor that drives the conveyance roller.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the external configuration of the pixel unit 2. As shown in FIG. 2, each of the pixel columns 21 to 23 includes a strip-shaped light shielding layer CV whose longitudinal direction is the horizontal direction.
- the pixel columns 21 to 23 are arranged without gaps in the vertical direction. Therefore, the arrangement pitch P of the pixel columns 21 to 23 is the length from the upper end to the lower end in the vertical direction of the light shielding layer CV of each pixel column.
- a rectangular light receiving region D1 for guiding light from the subject to the photoelectric conversion element of each pixel GP is formed on the main surface of the light shielding layer CV. If the width from the upper end to the lower end in the vertical direction of the light receiving region D1 is W, the arrangement pitch P satisfies the condition of the formula (2).
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a pixel circuit constituting each pixel GP.
- the pixel circuit is configured by a CMOS pixel circuit including a photoelectric conversion element PD, a transfer transistor TQ, a reset transistor RQ, an amplification transistor GQ, and a row selection transistor SQ.
- the photoelectric conversion element PD receives light from the subject and accumulates signal charges corresponding to the received light quantity.
- the photoelectric conversion element PD has an anode grounded and a cathode connected to the source of the transfer transistor TQ.
- the transfer transistor TQ transfers the signal charge accumulated by the photoelectric conversion element PD to a floating diffusion (hereinafter referred to as “FD”).
- a transfer signal ⁇ TX is input to the gate of the transfer transistor TQ and is turned on / off by the transfer signal ⁇ TX.
- the drain of the transfer transistor TQ is connected to the FD.
- the transfer signal ⁇ TX is output from the control unit 6, for example.
- the FD accumulates the signal charge transferred from the photoelectric conversion element PD, and outputs a voltage signal having a level corresponding to the magnitude of the accumulated signal charge as a pixel signal.
- ⁇ RST which is a signal for turning on / off the reset transistor RQ
- VRSB which is a drive voltage
- the reset transistor RQ is turned on / off under the control of the control unit 6 to reset the FD.
- VRSB is output from a voltage source (not shown), and ⁇ RST is output from the control unit 6, for example.
- the gate is connected to the transfer transistor TQ and the reset transistor RQ via the FD, the drive voltage VDD is input to the source, and the drain is connected to the row selection transistor SQ.
- the amplification transistor GQ amplifies the pixel signal output from the FD and outputs the amplified pixel signal to the row selection transistor SQ.
- VDD is output from, for example, an unillustrated voltage source.
- the row selection signal ⁇ V is input to the gate, the source is connected to the amplification transistor GQ, and the drain is connected to the readout circuit 5 via the vertical signal line L2.
- the row selection transistor SQ outputs the pixel signal amplified by the amplification transistor GQ to the readout circuit 5 via the vertical signal line L2.
- ⁇ V is output from the vertical scanning circuit 3 through, for example, the row selection signal line L1.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the positions of the pixel rows 21 to 23 and the original when the pixel unit 2 is moved from the lower side to the upper side in the vertical direction with respect to the original.
- the vertical axis indicates the position in the vertical direction of the pixel columns 21 to 23, and the horizontal axis indicates time.
- a square of 1 square indicates one pixel column. Further, a region other than white in the square of 1 square indicates the light receiving region D1 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4B is a timing chart showing an exposure period and a readout period of each pixel column when the pixel columns 21 to 23 are moved as shown in FIG. 4A.
- one break of the time axis indicated by the dotted line indicates the H period.
- the vertical axis indicated by the dotted line indicates the movement distance of the pixel columns 21 to 23 in the 1H period.
- one frame period is obtained in the 3H period.
- An area of a document exposed by one pixel column in one frame period is called a frame.
- the front end f1 of the pixel column 21 moves from the rear end of the line ⁇ 13 to the front end, and the pixel column 21 exposes a part of the line ⁇ 9 to the line ⁇ 13.
- a part of the line ⁇ 9 indicates a region from the position of the rear end b1 of the light receiving region D1 of the pixel row 21 to the front end of the line ⁇ 9 at the start time of the period T ( ⁇ 2).
- a part of the line ⁇ i i is an index for designating the line
- period T ( ⁇ 1) the front end f1 of the pixel row 21 moves from the rear end of the line ⁇ 14 to the front end, and the pixel row 21 exposes a part of the line ⁇ 10 to the line ⁇ 14.
- the readout circuit 5 includes a frame FL1 composed of a part of the line ⁇ 9 to the line ⁇ 15 exposed by the pixel column 21 in the 3H period from the period T ( ⁇ 2) to the period T (0).
- the R pixel signal is read out from the pixel row 21.
- the readout circuit 5 reads out the pixel signal from the pixel column 21.
- the pixel column 21 exposes a part of the line ⁇ 12 to the line ⁇ 16.
- the pixel row 21 exposes a part of the line ⁇ 13 to the line ⁇ 18.
- the readout circuit 5 reads out pixel signals of a part of the line ⁇ 12 to the line ⁇ 18 exposed by the pixel column 21 in the 3H period from the period T (1) to the period T (3).
- the pixel column 21 exposes a part of the line ⁇ 15 to the line ⁇ 19.
- the pixel column 21 and the readout circuit 5 repeat the above-described operation. That is, every time the 3H period elapses, the readout circuit 5 reads out the pixel signal of the line exposed by the pixel column 21 in the 3H period.
- the pixel column 22 exposes a part of the line ⁇ 6 to the line ⁇ 12.
- the readout circuit 5 reads out the pixel signals of a part of the line ⁇ 6 to the line ⁇ 12 exposed by the pixel column 22 in the 3H period from the period T ( ⁇ 1) to the period T (1).
- the pixel row 22 exposes the lines ⁇ 9 to ⁇ 13.
- the readout circuit 5 reads out the pixel signal of the line exposed by the pixel row 22 in the 3H period.
- the G reading period is set to the H period following the R reading period. Therefore, the period T (5) is the next G reading period.
- the readout circuit 5 reads out the frame FL1 exposed by the pixel column 22 in the 3H period from the period T (2) to the period T (4).
- the readout circuit 5 reads out the R pixel signal of the frame FL1 in the period T (1). Therefore, the G pixel signal read by the readout circuit 5 is a pixel signal in the same region as the R pixel signal.
- the B readout period is set to the H period next to the G readout period. Further, every time the 3H period elapses, the readout circuit 5 reads out the pixel signal of the line exposed by the pixel column 23 in the 3H period.
- the readout period of B is the period T (3), the period T (6), and the period T (9). However, illustration of the period T (9) is omitted.
- the readout circuit 5 reads out the frame FL1 exposed by the pixel row 23 in the 3H period from the period T (6) to the period T (8).
- the readout circuit 5 reads out the R pixel signal of the frame FL1 in the period T (1). Further, as described above, the readout circuit 5 reads out the G pixel signal of the frame FL1 in the period T (5).
- the B pixel signal read by the readout circuit 5 is a G pixel signal and a pixel signal in the same region as the B pixel signal.
- the scan speed S is set as shown in the above equation (1), and each H period is cyclically assigned as a readout period of R, G, B pixel signals, and the 3H period has elapsed.
- each H period is cyclically assigned as a readout period of R, G, B pixel signals, and the 3H period has elapsed.
- the readout circuit 5 reads out the R, G, and B pixel signals in the region exposed in this 3H period. Therefore, the R, G, and B pixel signals read by the readout circuit 5 become pixel signals in the same region, and color misregistration is prevented.
- the readout circuit 5 for other frames other than the frame FL1 is similar to the frame FL1. It can be easily estimated that pixel signals of R, G, and B in the same frame can be read out.
- FIG. 5A is the same diagram as FIG. 4B, and FIG. 5B is a timing chart showing the operation of the image reading apparatus 1.
- ⁇ TX1 represents the transfer signal ⁇ TX input to the transfer transistor TQ of the R pixel circuit
- ⁇ TX2 represents the transfer signal ⁇ TX input to the transfer transistor TQ of the G pixel circuit
- ⁇ TX3 represents A transfer signal ⁇ TX input to the transfer transistor TQ of the B pixel circuit is shown.
- 5B indicates the voltage level of the pixel signal flowing through the vertical signal line L2.
- ⁇ RST becomes high level (hereinafter referred to as “Hi”) for a predetermined time, the reset transistor RQ is turned on / off, and FD is reset.
- a pixel signal of a reset level (hereinafter referred to as “RST level”) is output from the vertical signal line L2.
- the readout circuit 5 reads out this pixel signal as a noise component, and samples and holds it with a noise sample and hold capacitor C2.
- ⁇ TX1 becomes Hi for a predetermined time
- the transfer transistor TQ is turned on, and the R signal charge accumulated by the photoelectric conversion element PD is transferred to the FD.
- the readout circuit 5 reads out this pixel signal as a noise component + a signal component, and samples and holds it with a signal sample hold capacitor C1.
- the R pixel signal exposed in the R exposure period from the period T ( ⁇ 2) to the period T (0) is read out in the period T (1).
- the G pixel signal becomes Hi for a predetermined time at time t3 and the FD is reset, and the noise component is read out.
- ⁇ TX2 becomes Hi for a predetermined time, and the noise component + signal component of the G pixel signal exposed in the G exposure period from period T ( ⁇ 1) to period T (1) is in period T (2). Read out.
- the B pixel signal becomes Hi for a predetermined time at time t5, the FD is reset, and the noise component is read out.
- ⁇ TX3 becomes Hi for a predetermined time, and the noise component + signal component of the B pixel signal exposed in the B exposure period from period T (0) to period T (2) is read out in period T (3). It is.
- the period from when ⁇ TX1 becomes Hi until ⁇ TX2 becomes Hi is the R readout period, and the period from when ⁇ TX2 becomes Hi until ⁇ TX3 becomes Hi is G
- the period from when ⁇ TX3 becomes Hi until when ⁇ TX1 becomes Hi becomes the read period of B. Accordingly, the periods of ⁇ TX1 to ⁇ TX3 are each 3H periods.
- any one of the three pixel columns 21 to 23 is cyclically selected and selected every time the H period elapses.
- the pixel signal of the subject exposed by the pixel row of the one row is read by the common readout circuit 5 provided for each column of the pixel unit 2.
- the relative scanning speed S of the pixel unit 2 with respect to the subject is set by the above equation (1).
- each of the pixel columns 21 to 23 exposes the same line of the subject, and color misregistration can be prevented.
- the scanning speed S satisfies the expression (1), it is possible to expose the same line of the subject to each of the pixel columns 21 to 23 regardless of the arrangement pitch P in the vertical direction of the pixel columns. As a result, it is possible to reduce the arrangement pitch P and suppress the occurrence of color misregistration due to the speed unevenness of the scan speed S.
- the light receiving area D1 of each pixel GP can be increased by the reduction of the arrangement pitch P, and the sensitivity of each pixel GP can be increased.
- the arrangement pitch P can be reduced to reduce the size of the apparatus.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an external configuration of the pixel unit 2 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the pixel unit 2 includes four pixel columns of pixel columns 21 to 24 in order from the upper side in the vertical direction.
- the same elements as those in the first embodiment are not described.
- control unit 6 shown in FIG. 1 causes the vertical scanning circuit 3 to cyclically select any one pixel column from the pixel columns 21 to 24 every time the 1H period elapses,
- the readout circuit 5 and the horizontal scanning circuit 4 are controlled so as to read out the pixel signal of the subject exposed by the selected pixel row.
- control unit 6 controls the vertical moving unit 8 so that the scanning speed S satisfies the expression (3).
- control unit 6 causes the vertical scanning circuit 3 to cyclically select the pixel columns 21 to 24 in this order.
- control unit 6 may cause the vertical scanning circuit 3 to cyclically select in an arbitrary order. Good.
- FIG. 7 shows the positions of the pixel columns 21 to 24 and the original when the pixel unit 2 is moved from the lower side to the upper side in the vertical direction with respect to the original in the image reading apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. It is the schematic diagram which showed the relationship.
- the pixel row 21 is composed of pixels GP that expose infrared light (IR).
- Each of the pixel columns 22 to 24 includes a pixel GP that exposes R, G, and B light.
- each H period is cyclically assigned as a readout period for IR, R, G, and B pixel signals, and the IR of the region exposed in this 4H period every 4H period elapses.
- R, G, B pixel signals are read out by the readout circuit 5.
- the readout circuit 5 reads the pixel signal of the frame FL1 exposed by the pixel column 21 in the 4H period from the period T (-3) to T (0).
- the readout circuit 5 reads out the pixel signal of the frame FL1 exposed by the pixel row 22 in the 4H period from the period T (2) to T (5).
- the readout circuit 5 reads out the pixel signal of the frame FL1 exposed by the pixel column 23 in the 4H period from the period T (7) to T (10).
- the readout circuit 5 reads out the pixel signal of the frame FL1 exposed by the pixel column 24 in the 4H period from the period T (12) to T (15).
- the IR, R, G, and B pixel signals of the frame FL1 are read in the period T (1), the period T (6), the period T (11), and the period T (16), respectively.
- the IR, R, G, and B pixel signals read by the readout circuit 5 become pixel signals in the same region, and color misregistration is prevented.
- reading circuit 5 Since reading periods IR, R, G, and B are set as shown in FIG. 7, for other frames other than the frame FL1, the reading circuit 5 similarly performs IR, It is easily estimated that R, G, and B pixel signals can be read out.
- the image reading apparatus 1 As described above, according to the image reading apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, even when the pixel columns are arranged in four rows in the vertical direction, the IR, R, G, and B pixel signals read by the reading circuit 5 are in the same frame. Color misregistration can be prevented.
- the image reading apparatus 1 according to the third embodiment is a generalization of the contents of the first and second embodiments by arranging pixel columns in n rows (n is an integer of 2 or more) in the vertical direction.
- n rows of pixel columns are represented as pixel columns 21 to 2n in order from the upper side in the vertical direction.
- control unit 6 shown in FIG. 1 causes the vertical scanning circuit 3 to cyclically select any one pixel column from the pixel columns 21 to 2n every time the H period elapses,
- the readout circuit 5 and the horizontal scanning circuit 4 are controlled so as to read out the pixel signal of the subject exposed by the selected pixel row.
- control unit 6 may cause the vertical scanning circuit 3 to cyclically select the pixel columns 21 to 2n in this order, or may cause the vertical scanning circuit 3 to cyclically select in any order.
- control part 6 controls the vertical movement part 8 so that the scanning speed S may satisfy
- the pixel columns 21 to 2n can expose the same frame and prevent color misregistration. can do.
- the image reading apparatus 1 according to the fourth embodiment is characterized in that, in the image reading apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment, the pixel columns 21 to 24 are shifted in the horizontal direction, and the pixels GP are arranged in a staggered manner.
- the description of the same elements as in the first to third embodiments is omitted.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an external configuration of the pixel unit 2 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, in the pixel row 22, each pixel GP is arranged so as to be shifted in the horizontal direction by a width w ⁇ b> 1 with respect to each pixel GP in the pixel row 21.
- each pixel GP is arranged so as to be shifted by a width w2 in the horizontal direction with respect to each pixel GP in the pixel row 22.
- each pixel GP is arranged so as to be shifted by a width w3 in the horizontal direction with respect to each pixel GP in the pixel row 23.
- widths w1 to w3 for example, a size that is 1 ⁇ 2 of the horizontal arrangement pitch of the pixels GP may be employed, or a size other than 1 ⁇ 2 may be employed. Also, w1 to w3 may be different sizes or the same size.
- the scan speed S is set, and the pixel signals of the pixel columns 21 to 24 are set every 1H period.
- the same frame can be exposed to the pixel columns 21 to 24.
- the pixel unit 2 can be configured with a pseudo honeycomb structure.
- the horizontal resolution can be increased.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the pixel unit 2 and the readout circuit 5 of the image reading apparatus 1 according to the fifth embodiment.
- the reading circuit 5 is divided into two blocks 51 and 52, and the block 51 is arranged on the upper side in the vertical direction of the pixel row 21.
- the block 52 is arranged below the pixel row 23 in the vertical direction.
- the block 51 includes a readout circuit 5 corresponding to an odd number column of the pixel unit 2. Further, the block 52 includes a readout circuit 5 corresponding to an even number column of the pixel unit 2.
- the odd-numbered read circuit 5 from the left in the horizontal direction is connected to the amplifier 72, and the even-numbered read circuit 5 is connected to the amplifier 71.
- the odd-numbered read circuit 5 from the left in the horizontal direction is connected to the amplifier 73, and the even-numbered read circuit 5 is connected to the amplifier 74.
- the image reading apparatus 1 configured as described above operates as follows. First, when a pixel column is selected by the vertical scanning circuit 3, each readout circuit 5 in the block 51 reads out a pixel signal exposed by the corresponding pixel GP in the odd column.
- each readout circuit 5 of the block 52 reads out the pixel signal exposed by the corresponding pixel GP in the even-numbered column.
- the blocks 51 and 52 output the read pixel signals to the amplifiers 71 to 74.
- the block 51 outputs the pixel signal of the pixel GP in the first column to the amplifier 71 and simultaneously outputs the pixel signal in the third column to the amplifier 72.
- the block 52 outputs the pixel signal of the pixel GP in the second column to the amplifier 73 and simultaneously outputs the pixel signal in the fourth column to the amplifier 74.
- the block 52 includes the pixel GP in the second column and the pixel in the fourth column.
- the pixel signal with GP is output to the amplifiers 73 and 74.
- the time for each readout circuit 5 to output a pixel signal for one row is 1 ⁇ 4 the conventional time, and the pixel signal can be read at high speed.
- the image reading apparatus 1 according to the present invention may adopt the following modes.
- the 4T pixel circuit including the transfer transistor TQ is used as the pixel circuit.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a 3T pixel circuit not including the transfer transistor TQ is used. May be.
- the size of W which is the width from the upper end to the lower end in the vertical direction of the light receiving region D1, may be the same as the size of the photoelectric conversion element PD.
- each of the pixel columns 21 to 23 is an R, G, B pixel column.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the pixel columns 21 to 23 may have the same color but may be composed of pixel columns made up of pixels having sensitivity in different wavelength regions.
- the pixel columns 21 to 24 may be composed of pixel columns different from IR, R, G, and B. In this case as well, as in the case of the three columns, the pixel columns 21 to 24 may be composed of pixel columns having the same color but having sensitivity in different wavelength regions.
- the image reading apparatus includes a pixel unit in which a one-dimensional pixel column in which a plurality of pixels are arranged in a horizontal direction is arranged in n (n is an integer of 2 or more) rows in a vertical direction orthogonal to the horizontal direction.
- a vertical movement unit that moves the pixel unit relative to the subject to be exposed in the vertical direction at a predetermined scan speed, and a column corresponding to each column of the pixel unit.
- any one one-dimensional pixel column out of n one-dimensional pixel columns is cyclically selected every time the horizontal readout period elapses, and the selected one-dimensional one-dimensional pixel column is selected.
- the pixel signal of the subject exposed by the above is read by a readout circuit common to each column provided corresponding to each column of the pixel portion.
- the scanning speed S satisfies the above equation, it is possible to expose the same line of the subject to each one-dimensional pixel row regardless of the vertical arrangement pitch of the one-dimensional pixel row. As a result, it is possible to reduce the arrangement pitch of the one-dimensional pixel row and suppress the occurrence of color misregistration due to the influence of the speed variation of the scan speed.
- the horizontal readout period is shortened, the scanning speed can be increased.
- As a method for shortening the horizontal readout period it is possible to cope with improvement of electrical drive frequency, reduction of the number of readout pixels, and the like.
- the light receiving area of each pixel can be increased by reducing the vertical arrangement pitch of the one-dimensional pixel column, and the sensitivity of each pixel can be increased.
- the light receiving area of each pixel can be increased, a certain level of sensitivity can be maintained even when the scanning speed is increased.
- the arrangement pitch P preferably satisfies the condition of W ⁇ P ⁇ W ⁇ (n + 1) / n, where W is the width in the vertical direction of the light receiving region of each pixel.
- the arrangement pitch P satisfies the condition of P ⁇ W ⁇ (n + 1) / n, the arrangement pitch in the vertical direction of each one-dimensional pixel row can be reduced. Since the arrangement pitch is reduced, the ratio of the light receiving region to each pixel can be increased, and the sensitivity of each pixel can be improved.
- the horizontal readout period is preferably variable.
- the scan speed can be set to a desired value according to the resolution, the document size, and the like.
- the vertical scanning circuit is preferably constituted by a shift register.
- the one-dimensional pixel row can be selected according to the arrangement order in the vertical direction.
- the vertical scanning circuit is preferably constituted by a random access circuit.
- the one-dimensional pixel row can be selected in an arbitrary order regardless of the arrangement order.
- the pixel is constituted by a pixel circuit in a CMOS solid-state imaging device.
- each pixel is configured by a pixel circuit in the CMOS solid-state imaging device, the pixel signal is amplified and output, and can be less affected by noise in the signal transmission path.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Facsimile Heads (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
以下、図面を参照しつつ、本発明の実施の形態1による画像読取装置について説明する。図1は、本発明の実施の形態1による画像読取装置1の全体構成図である。図1に示すように画像読取装置1は、画素部2、垂直走査回路3、水平走査回路4、読出回路5、制御部6、差動アンプ7、及び垂直移動部8を備えている。
ここで、制御部6は、画素列21~23をこの順番で循環的に垂直走査回路3に選択させるものとするが、任意の順番で循環的に垂直走査回路3に選択させるようにしてもよい。
W=Pの場合は、画素GPに対して受光領域D1の占める割合が最大になっている。また、P=W・(4/3)の場合は、画素GPに対して受光領域D1の占める割合が最小となっている。よって、配列ピッチPが増大するにつれて、画素GPに対して受光領域D1の占める割合が小さくなり、配列ピッチPが減少するにつれて、画素GPに対して受光領域D1の占める割合が大きくなる。
次に実施の形態2の画像読取装置1について説明する。実施の形態2の画像読取装置1は、画素列を垂直方向に4行で配列したことを特徴とする。図6は、本発明の実施の形態2における画素部2の外観構成を模式的に示した図である。
また、配列ピッチPは式(4)の条件を満たす。
ここで、制御部6は、画素列21~24をこの順番で循環的に垂直走査回路3に選択させるものとするが、任意の順番で循環的に垂直走査回路3に選択させるようにしてもよい。
次に実施の形態3の画像読取装置1について説明する。実施の形態3の画像読取装置1は、画素列を垂直方向にn(nは2以上の整数)行で配列し、実施の形態1及び2の内容を一般化したものである。なお、本実施の形態において、実施の形態1、2と同一のものは説明を省略する。また、本実施の形態において、n行の画素列を垂直方向の上側から順番に、画素列21~2nとして表す。
また、配列ピッチPは式(6)の条件を満たす。
ここで、式(5)について捕捉する。1H期間で画素列が移動する距離dはd=S・Hである。また、3H期間である1フレーム期間で画素列が移動する距離FはF=n・S・Hである。よって、画素列21~2nに同一ラインを露光させるためには、配列ピッチPをP=d+Fに設定すればよい。これにより、P=S・H(n+1)が得られ、式(5)が得られる。
次に、本発明の実施の形態4による画像読取装置1について説明する。実施の形態4の画像読取装置1は、実施の形態2の画像読取装置1において、画素列21~24を水平方向にずらし、各画素GPを千鳥状に配列したことを特徴とする。なお、本実施の形態において、実施の形態1~3と同一のものは説明を省略する。
次に、本発明の実施の形態5による画像読取装置1について説明する。図9は、実施の形態5による画像読取装置1の画素部2及び読出回路5の模式図である。
Claims (6)
- 水平方向に複数の画素が配列された一次元画素列が、前記水平方向に直交する垂直方向にn(nは2以上の整数)行で配列された画素部と、
露光対象となる被写体に対して、前記画素部を前記垂直方向に所定のスキャン速度で相対的に移動させる垂直移動部と、
前記画素部の各列に対応して設けられ、各画素から画素信号を読み出す各列共通の読出回路と、
前記画素部を前記垂直方向に走査する垂直走査回路と、
所定の水平読出期間が経過する毎に、前記垂直走査回路に前記n行の一次元画素列の中から任意の1行の一次元画素列を循環的に選択させ、選択された一次元画素列により露光された被写体の画素信号を読み出すように前記読出回路を制御すると共に、前記一次元画素列の前記垂直方向の配列ピッチをP、前記水平読出期間をHとすると、前記スキャン速度Sが、
S=P/(H(n+1))
となるように前記垂直移動部を制御する制御部とを備えることを特徴とする画像読取装置。 - 前記配列ピッチPは、各画素の受光領域の前記垂直方向の幅をWとすると、
W≦P≦W・(n+1)/n
の条件を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1記載の画像読取装置。 - 前記水平読出期間は、可変であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の画像読取装置。
- 前記垂直走査回路は、シフトレジスタにより構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の画像読取装置。
- 前記垂直走査回路は、ランダムアクセス回路により構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の画像読取装置。
- 前記画素はCMOS固体撮像素子における画素回路により構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の画像読取装置。
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JP2011522732A JP5655783B2 (ja) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-14 | 画像読取装置 |
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JP7314752B2 (ja) | 2019-09-30 | 2023-07-26 | 株式会社リコー | 光電変換素子、読取装置、画像処理装置および光電変換素子の製造方法 |
JP7559377B2 (ja) * | 2020-06-25 | 2024-10-02 | 株式会社リコー | 固体撮像素子、読取装置、画像処理装置および制御方法 |
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JP3813059B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-26 | 2006-08-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | グレーティングの作製方法 |
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- 2010-07-14 US US13/384,533 patent/US8654416B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-14 WO PCT/JP2010/004556 patent/WO2011007562A1/ja active Application Filing
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JP5655783B2 (ja) | 2015-01-21 |
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