WO2010134360A1 - 薄膜太陽電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
薄膜太陽電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010134360A1 WO2010134360A1 PCT/JP2010/050239 JP2010050239W WO2010134360A1 WO 2010134360 A1 WO2010134360 A1 WO 2010134360A1 JP 2010050239 W JP2010050239 W JP 2010050239W WO 2010134360 A1 WO2010134360 A1 WO 2010134360A1
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- electrode layer
- photoelectric conversion
- solar cell
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- film solar
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
- H01L31/046—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/056—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thin film solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a first electrode layer made of a transparent electrode layer, a photoelectric conversion layer made of a thin film semiconductor, An electrode layer is formed in order.
- a separation groove is formed in the first electrode layer (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the first electrode layer made of a transparent electrode layer has irregularities on the surface to prevent light reflection loss. There is a problem that cracks and pinholes are generated in the photoelectric conversion layer made of a thin film semiconductor due to defects such as irregularities due to the formation of protrusions having locally steep slopes on the surface.
- the first electrode layer formed on the substrate is formed by forming an interface layer on the transparent conductive film having irregularities and removing local protrusions present on the first electrode layer using the interface layer as a mask.
- a method of suppressing the occurrence of cracks and pinholes due to irregularities in irregularities such as local protrusions on the surface and reducing the influence of short-circuit resistance has been disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- a concave portion is formed by laminating a second transparent electrode film mainly composed of zinc oxide selectively only on the concave portion of the first transparent electrode film having an uneven surface shape with a height difference on the upper surface, the main component being tin oxide.
- a method for suppressing the occurrence of defects by selectively eliminating steep recesses by smoothing the dents is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 3).
- film quality deterioration of the photoelectric conversion layer is not only due to cracks and pinholes.
- the increase in crystal grain boundaries due to the small crystal grain size and the generation of crystal grain boundaries due to collisions between grown crystal grains are caused by rebound of the leakage current and recombination of photoexcited carriers at the crystal grain boundary. Since it is an extinction region, it causes a decrease in open-circuit voltage characteristics and a fill factor characteristic, and further causes a decrease in short-circuit current density, which greatly affects photoelectric conversion characteristics.
- the above conventional technique is effective for a local protrusion having a steep slope formed on a transparent conductive film, but a local depression formed in the transparent conductive film like a separation groove. Is not effective.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and a thin-film solar cell excellent in photoelectric conversion characteristics, in which deterioration of characteristics due to a hollow portion of a transparent electrode layer laminated on a substrate is prevented, and production thereof
- the purpose is to obtain a method.
- a thin-film solar cell includes a first electrode layer made of a transparent conductive film, a photoelectric conversion layer that performs photoelectric conversion, and a translucent insulating substrate.
- the first electrode layer has a recess, and the bottom of the recess is filled with an insulating material.
- the bottom of the recess of the first electrode layer is filled with the insulating material, thereby preventing deterioration of the film quality of the photoelectric conversion layer due to the step of the transparent electrode layer laminated on the substrate.
- FIG. 1-1 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of a thin-film solar cell module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1-2 is a diagram for explaining a cross-sectional structure in a short direction of the thin-film solar battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1-3 is principal part sectional drawing which shows the structure of the thin film semiconductor layer which comprises the thin film photovoltaic cell concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-1 is sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing process of the thin film solar cell module concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-2 is sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing process of the thin film solar cell module concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-3 is sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing process of the thin film solar cell module concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-4 is sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing process of the thin film solar cell module concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-5 is sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing process of the thin film solar cell module concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-6 is sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing process of the thin film solar cell module concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-7 is sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing process of the thin film solar cell module concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. 2-8 is sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing process of the thin film solar cell module concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-9 is sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing process of the thin film solar cell module concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-10 is sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing process of the thin film solar cell module concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIG. 3-1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the method for forming a planarization layer in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3-2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the method of forming the planarization layer in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3-3 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the method of forming the planarizing layer in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the acrylic resin film thickness and the exposure amount of light energy.
- FIGS. 5-1 is principal part sectional drawing for demonstrating the formation method of the planarization layer in Embodiment 3 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 5-2 is principal part sectional drawing for demonstrating the formation method of the planarization layer in Embodiment 3 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 5-3 is principal part sectional drawing for demonstrating the formation method of the planarization layer in Embodiment 3 of this invention.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the light transmission characteristics of the transparent electrode layer according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of relevant parts for explaining the method of forming a planarization layer in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 8-1 is principal part sectional drawing for demonstrating the formation method of the planarization layer in Embodiment 5 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 8-2 is principal part sectional drawing for demonstrating the formation method of the planarization layer in Embodiment 5 of this invention.
- FIG. 1-1 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of a tandem thin film solar cell module (hereinafter referred to as a module) 10 which is a thin film solar cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1-2 is a diagram for explaining a cross-sectional structure in a short direction of a thin-film solar cell (hereinafter also referred to as a cell) 1 constituting the module 10, and is a line segment A in FIG. 1-1.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a main part in the ⁇ A ′ direction.
- FIG. 1-3 is a cross-sectional view of the principal part showing the configuration of the thin film semiconductor layer constituting the cell 1.
- the module 10 includes a plurality of strip-shaped (rectangular) cells 1 formed on a light-transmissive insulating substrate 2, and these modules The cells 1 have a structure in which they are electrically connected in series.
- the cell 1 includes a translucent insulating substrate 2, a transparent electrode layer (transparent conductive film) 3 formed on the translucent insulating substrate 2 and serving as a first electrode layer, and a transparent electrode layer 3.
- the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 which is a thin film semiconductor layer formed on the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 which is a thin film semiconductor layer formed on the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 and the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 which is formed on the first photoelectric conversion layer 14.
- the planarization layer 21 is provided in the opening part of the transparent electrode layer 3, and the surface by the side of the 1st photoelectric converting layer 4 of the transparent electrode layer 3 is substantially planarized.
- the opening is a portion that is recessed by removing a part of the transparent electrode layer 3.
- the flattening layer 21 is substantially flattened by filling the bottom of the depressed portion.
- the planarizing layer 21 does not necessarily reach the upper end of the depressed portion, and may be anything that can reduce the step of the depressed portion.
- the transparent electrode layer 3 formed on the translucent insulating substrate 2 has stripe-shaped first layers extending in a direction substantially parallel to the short side direction of the translucent insulating substrate 2 and reaching the translucent insulating substrate 2.
- One groove D1 is formed.
- the transparent electrode layers 3 of the adjacent cells 1 are separated from each other by the portion of the first groove D1.
- a planarizing layer 21 made of an insulating material is embedded in the first groove D1.
- the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 is formed on the portion of the groove D1 in which the planarizing layer 21 is embedded. In this way, a part of the transparent electrode layer 3 is separated for each cell so as to straddle the adjacent cells 1.
- the back electrode layer 5 is formed along the cross-sectional side wall portions of the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 and the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 up to the transparent electrode layer 3 at a location adjacent to the first groove D1.
- the back electrode layer 5 is connected to the transparent electrode layer 3 by forming the back electrode layer 5 on the side walls of the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 and the first photoelectric conversion layer 4. And since this transparent electrode layer 3 straddles the adjacent cell 1, one back surface electrode layer 5 of the two adjacent cells 1 and the other transparent electrode layer 3 are electrically connected.
- the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 and the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 are formed with a stripe-shaped second groove D2 reaching the transparent electrode layer 3. Further, the back electrode layer 5, the second photoelectric conversion layer 14, and the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 are stripe-shaped third layers that reach the transparent electrode layer 3 at locations different from the first grooves D 1 and the second grooves D 2. A groove (separation groove) D3 is formed, and each cell 1 is separated. As described above, the transparent electrode layer 3 of the cell 1 is connected to the back electrode layer 5 of the adjacent cell 1 so that the adjacent cells 1 are electrically connected in series.
- a translucent insulating substrate for example, a translucent insulating substrate is used.
- a material having a high transmittance is usually used, and a glass substrate having a small absorption from the visible region to the near infrared region is used.
- the transparent electrode layer 3 is a transparent conductive layer mainly composed of crystalline metal oxides such as zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), and zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ). And a transparent film such as a film obtained by adding aluminum (Al) as a dopant to these transparent conductive oxide films.
- the transparent electrode layer 3 is made of aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), boron (B), yttrium (Y), silicon (Si), zirconium (Zr), and titanium (Ti) as dopants. It may be a ZnO film using at least one selected element, an ITO film, a SnO 2 film, or a transparent conductive film formed by laminating these, and it is a transparent conductive film having optical transparency. I just need it.
- the transparent electrode layer 3 has a surface texture structure in which irregularities 3a are formed on the surface.
- This texture structure has a function of scattering incident sunlight and improving the light use efficiency in the first photoelectric conversion layer 4.
- the light incident from the translucent insulating substrate 2 side is incident on the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 after being scattered at the interface between the transparent electrode layer 3 having the unevenness 3 a and the first photoelectric conversion layer 4.
- the light is incident on the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 substantially obliquely.
- the substantial optical path of the light is extended and the light absorption is increased, so that the photoelectric conversion characteristics of the solar battery cell are improved and the output current is increased.
- a physical method such as a DC sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, or an ion plating method, or a chemical method such as a spray method, a dip method, or a CVD method may be used.
- the opening of the transparent electrode layer 3 may have locally steep wall portions.
- Such an opening having a steeply inclined side wall may be a part of the first groove D1 formed by patterning the transparent electrode layer 3, and other parts not related to the first groove D1.
- the portion where the opening having the steep slope is present is a portion where the transparent electrode layer 3 is not attached to the translucent insulating substrate 2 or very thin compared to most other regions.
- the transparent electrode layer 3 is substantially flattened by forming the flattening layer 21 in the opening having the steeply inclined side wall.
- various organic materials such as an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, an olefin resin, or a resin such as a silicon resin can be used. These organic materials have a relatively low viscosity and can easily cover the opening of the transparent electrode layer 3 flatly. Moreover, it is excellent in heat resistance and can be formed by a process of about 300 ° C. or lower.
- the planarizing layer 21 is selected from an insulating material such as silicon or a high resistance material that can electrically insulate adjacent transparent electrode layers from each other. Is done.
- the flattening layer 21 is formed only in the opening portion having the steep wall surface portion in the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3 on which the unevenness 3a is formed. Therefore, most of the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3 is not covered with the planarization layer 21, and in particular, most of the convex portions on the surface are not covered, so that the electrical connection between the transparent electrode layer 3 and the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 is achieved. Kept.
- the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 and the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 have a pn junction or a pin junction, and are configured by laminating one or more thin film semiconductor layers that generate power by incident light.
- the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 includes a p-type amorphous semiconductor layer 4a that is a first conductive semiconductor layer and an i-type that is a second conductive semiconductor layer from the transparent electrode layer 3 side.
- An amorphous semiconductor layer 4b and an n-type amorphous semiconductor layer 4c which is a third conductivity type semiconductor layer are provided.
- Examples of the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 include a p-type amorphous silicon carbide film (a-SiC film), an i-type amorphous silicon film (a-Si film), and an n-type amorphous film from the transparent electrode layer 3 side.
- a-SiC film p-type amorphous silicon carbide film
- a-Si film i-type amorphous silicon film
- n-type amorphous film from the transparent electrode layer 3 side A laminated film in which silicon films (a-Si films) are laminated is formed.
- the other first photoelectric conversion layer 4 includes, for example, a p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC: H) layer, which is a first conductivity type semiconductor layer, from the transparent electrode layer 3 side, and a second conductivity type semiconductor.
- a-Si: H i-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon
- ⁇ c-Si: H n-type hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon
- the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 includes a p-type microcrystalline semiconductor layer 14a, which is a first conductive semiconductor layer, and a second conductive semiconductor layer from the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 side.
- An i-type microcrystalline semiconductor layer 14b and an n-type microcrystalline semiconductor layer 14c which is a third conductivity type semiconductor layer are provided.
- Examples of the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 include a p-type microcrystalline silicon film ( ⁇ c-Si film), an i-type microcrystalline silicon film ( ⁇ c-Si film), and n from the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 side.
- a laminated film in which a type microcrystalline silicon film ( ⁇ c-Si film) is laminated is formed.
- microcrystalline silicon oxide ⁇ c-SiO x
- An intermediate layer made of a transparent film having conductivity such as aluminum-added zinc oxide (ZnO: Al), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), silicon oxide (SiO), etc. It may be inserted to improve the electrical and optical connection between the pin junctions.
- the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 and the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 as described above are formed into a thin film by a known means such as plasma CVD.
- the back electrode layer 5 is made of a crystalline metal oxide such as zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), and zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), like the transparent electrode layer 3.
- a transparent conductive oxide film containing as a main component and a light-transmitting film such as a film obtained by adding aluminum (Al) to these transparent conductive oxide films.
- the back electrode layer 5 is formed by a known means such as a sputtering method, a CVD method, or a spray method.
- the surface of the back electrode layer 5 has a surface texture structure in which the unevenness 5a is formed by a roughening process such as a blast method or a wet etching method.
- the planarizing layer 21 is embedded in the first groove D1, thereby electrically insulating adjacent transparent electrode layers 3 from each other and transparent.
- the surface of the electrode layer 3 on the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 side is substantially flattened.
- the planarization layer 21 is formed in the opening portion having the steeply inclined side wall in the transparent electrode layer 3 even in a portion different from the first groove D1.
- the electrode layer 3 is substantially flattened.
- the transparent electrode layer 3 prevents a decrease in open-circuit voltage characteristics, a curve factor characteristic, and a short-circuit current density due to a step of an opening having a steeply inclined side wall, thereby realizing a good photoelectric conversion efficiency. can do. This effect is also effective when the thickness of the transparent electrode layer 3 is relatively large with respect to the thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer.
- a tin oxide (SnO 2 ) transparent conductive film is well known as a transparent conductive film forming an uneven structure.
- uneven structure is formed on the tin oxide (SnO 2) transparent conductive film is formed by growing crystal grains of several tens to several hundreds 100nm diameter on the film surface by the thermal CVD method.
- a high temperature process of 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. is required, and a film thickness of about 1 ⁇ m is required. This is one of the factors that increase the cost.
- zinc oxide (ZnO) is becoming widespread as a material replacing tin oxide (SnO 2 ) from the viewpoint of excellent plasma resistance and abundant resources.
- ZnO zinc oxide
- This method is expected to reduce the cost of the solar cell device.
- a local opening having a steep slope may exist on the transparent conductive film.
- this opening causes pinholes, cracks, and crystal grain boundaries of the thin film semiconductor formed thereon, and causes a decrease in short-circuit resistance and deterioration of the characteristics of the solar cell device.
- the increase in grain boundaries due to the small crystal grain size and the generation of crystal grain boundaries due to collisions between grown crystal grains are caused by the occurrence of leakage current and recombination of photoexcited carriers at the grain boundary. Since it becomes the extinction region, the open circuit voltage characteristic, the fill factor characteristic, and the short circuit current density are lowered, which is a negative factor.
- the transparent electrode layer 3 is substantially flattened by forming the flattening layer 21 in the opening portion having the steeply inclined side wall in the transparent electrode layer 3.
- a thin film semiconductor (photoelectric conversion layer) formed on the transparent electrode layer 3 is formed.
- the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 and the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 pinholes, cracks, and crystal grain boundaries due to the steps of the opening can be prevented, and the film quality of the photoelectric conversion layer can be improved. That is, the local opening portion having a steep slope in the transparent electrode layer 3 is reduced, and a good carrier transport characteristic in the film thickness direction can be achieved by reducing the leakage current of the thin film semiconductor layer.
- the planarization layer 21 is provided to prevent the film quality of the crystalline photoelectric conversion layer from being deteriorated due to the step of the transparent electrode layer 3 in the transparent electrode layer 3.
- a thin film solar cell having excellent photoelectric conversion characteristics has been realized.
- the module 10 according to the first embodiment as described above has a multilayer thin film photoelectric conversion layer, and the photoelectric conversion layers are connected in series. For this reason, the short circuit current as a solar cell is restrict
- the module 10 even when the film thickness of the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 which is an amorphous silicon thin film semiconductor layer is thin, the module 10 has a good covering property.
- a thin film solar cell having a higher photoelectric conversion efficiency can be easily controlled by matching the current value with the second photoelectric conversion layer 14, which is a microcrystalline silicon thin film photoelectric conversion layer to be laminated, by the film thickness of the first photoelectric conversion layer 4. realizable.
- FIGS. 2-1 to 2-9 are cross-sectional views for explaining an example of the manufacturing process of the module 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the translucent insulating substrate 2 is prepared.
- a non-alkali glass substrate is used as the translucent insulating substrate 2 and will be described below.
- an inexpensive soda lime glass substrate may be used as the translucent insulating substrate 2, but in this case, in order to prevent diffusion of alkali components from the translucent insulating substrate 2, an SiO 2 film is formed by a PCVD method or the like. It is preferable to form about 50 nm.
- a 1 ⁇ m-thick zinc oxide (ZnO) film containing aluminum (Al) as a dopant is formed on the translucent insulating substrate 2 as the transparent conductive film 11 to be the transparent electrode layer 3 by DC sputtering (FIG. 2-1).
- ZnO film doped with aluminum (Al) is formed as the transparent conductive film 11 to be the transparent electrode layer 3, but the transparent conductive film 11 to be the transparent electrode layer 3 is not limited to this, but is oxidized.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- SnO 2 tin oxide
- the transparent electrode layer 3 is made of aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), boron (B), yttrium (Y), silicon (Si), zirconium (Zr), and titanium (Ti) as dopants.
- It may be a ZnO film using at least one selected element, an ITO film, a SnO 2 film, or a transparent conductive film formed by laminating these, and it is a transparent conductive film having optical transparency. I just need it. Further, as a film formation method, another film formation method such as a CVD method may be used.
- the translucent insulating substrate 2 is immersed in, for example, a 1% hydrochloric acid (HCl) aqueous solution for 30 seconds to etch and roughen the surface of the transparent conductive film 11, thereby forming small irregularities 3 a on the surface of the transparent conductive film 11. (FIG. 2-2). Thereafter, the translucent insulating substrate 2 is washed with pure water for 1 minute or more and dried. By this etching process, irregularities 3a having an average depth of, for example, 100 nm or more are formed on the surface of the transparent conductive film 11 to be the transparent electrode layer 3, and the average film thickness is about 500 nm.
- HCl hydrochloric acid
- a part of the transparent electrode layer 3 is cut and removed in a stripe shape in a direction substantially parallel to the transversal direction of the translucent insulating substrate 2, and the transparent electrode layer 3 is patterned into a strip shape to obtain a plurality of transparent
- the electrode layer 3 is separated (FIG. 2-3).
- the patterning of the transparent electrode layer 3 is performed by forming a first stripe D1 extending in a direction substantially parallel to the transversal direction of the translucent insulating substrate 2 and reaching the translucent insulating substrate 2 by laser scribing. Do by forming.
- a shape abnormality may occur in the first groove D1 even when the transparent electrode layer 3 is separated by patterning (FIG. 2-). 3).
- the portion where the opening 23 having such a steep slope exists is a portion where the transparent electrode layer 3 is not attached to the translucent insulating substrate 2 or very thin compared to most other regions.
- a steep opening 23 is formed in the etched transparent conductive film 11 due to the influence of the foreign matter 22 inherent in the transparent conductive film 11 as shown in FIG. May exist locally (FIG. 2-2).
- the planarizing layer 21 is formed on the translucent insulating substrate 2 after the patterning of the transparent electrode layer 3 (FIGS. 2-4).
- a material of the planarization layer 21 for example, various organic materials such as polyimide and acrylic can be used. These organic materials have a relatively low viscosity and can easily cover the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3 flatly. Moreover, it is excellent in heat resistance, and a process of about 300 ° C. or lower can be used.
- acrylic resin is used as the planarizing layer 21, and the first groove D 1 and the steep opening 23 are formed with a thickness of 1 ⁇ m on the light-transmitting insulating substrate 2, and then 250. Bake at about °C.
- the thickness of the planarizing layer 21 is preferably set to be approximately higher than the height (projection height) 24 from the surface of the translucent insulating substrate 2 of the projections of the projections and depressions 3a from the viewpoint of processing variation and throughput.
- the planarizing layer 21 is formed into a predetermined film so as to leave the acrylic resin as the planarizing layer 21 inside the first groove D1 or the steep opening 23.
- the acrylic resin on the transparent electrode layer 3 is etched back and removed to a thickness (FIG. 2-5).
- a parallel plate RIE (Reactive on Etching) method is employed as an etching method.
- the etching conditions are preferably such that the planarization layer 21 is etched at a higher etching rate than the transparent electrode layer 3 so as not to change the shape of the irregularities 3a on the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3.
- etching is performed using a single gas of oxygen (O 2 ) as an etching gas in order to etch an acrylic resin at a higher etching rate than zinc oxide (ZnO).
- O 2 oxygen
- ZnO zinc oxide
- the etching rate of the acrylic resin can be easily adjusted by adjusting the supply gas ratio of the oxygen gas, and the controllability is good.
- the etching rate of the zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film is low with respect to the oxygen gas, and the shape change of the unevenness 3a on the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3 can be suppressed by using the oxygen gas as the bottom of the etching.
- the etching time by the above method is set until the acrylic resin disappears on the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3. Accordingly, at least the first groove D1 and the steep opening 23 can be filled with the acrylic resin as the planarizing layer 21.
- a method for confirming the etching time a method can be used in which the consumption rate of oxygen radicals is detected from the change in plasma emission intensity.
- a single gas of oxygen (O 2 ) is used as an etching gas, but tetrafluoromethane (CF 4 ), trifluoromethane (CHF 3 ), and hexafluoroethane (C 2 F 6 ).
- halogen-containing gas containing halogen such as octafluoropropane (C 3 F 8 ), carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), or the like and halogen gas and oxygen (O 2 It is also possible to use a mixed gas with the gas as an etching gas.
- the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 is formed on the transparent electrode layer 3 by a plasma CVD method.
- a p-type amorphous silicon carbide film a-SiC film
- a-Si film an i-type amorphous silicon film
- a-SiC film an n-type amorphous silicon film from the transparent electrode layer 3 side.
- Amorphous silicon films (a-Si films) are sequentially stacked (FIG. 2-6).
- the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 is formed on the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 by a plasma CVD method.
- a p-type microcrystalline silicon film ( ⁇ c-Si film) As the second photoelectric conversion layer 14, a p-type microcrystalline silicon film ( ⁇ c-Si film), an i-type microcrystalline silicon film ( ⁇ c-Si film) from the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 side, N-type microcrystalline silicon films ( ⁇ c-Si films) are sequentially stacked (FIGS. 2-7).
- An intermediate layer made of a transparent conductive film may be formed between the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 and the second photoelectric conversion layer 14.
- middle layer is comprised with the film
- the output current density with 14 can be adjusted to improve the module characteristics.
- a film of zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), silicon monoxide (SiO), or the like can be used.
- the semiconductor layers (the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 and the second photoelectric conversion layer 14) thus laminated are patterned by laser scribing in the same manner as the transparent electrode layer 3 (FIGS. 2-8). That is, a part of the semiconductor layer (the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 and the second photoelectric conversion layer 14) is cut and removed in a stripe shape in a direction substantially parallel to the transversal direction of the translucent insulating substrate 2, and the semiconductor layer The first photoelectric conversion layer 4 and the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 are patterned into strips and separated.
- Patterning of the semiconductor layers is substantially parallel to the short direction of the translucent insulating substrate 2 at a location different from the first groove D1 by a laser scribing method. This is performed by forming a striped second groove D2 extending in the direction and reaching the transparent electrode layer 3. After the formation of the second groove D2, the scattered matter adhering in the second groove D2 is removed by high-pressure water cleaning, megasonic cleaning, or brush cleaning.
- the back electrode layer 5 made of a silver alloy (Ag Alloy) film having a thickness of 200 nm is formed on the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 and in the second groove D2 by, for example, sputtering (FIG. 2-9). Further, as the film formation method of the back electrode layer 5, other film formation methods such as a CVD method and a spray method may be used. In order to prevent metal diffusion of the second photoelectric conversion layer 14 into silicon, between the back electrode layer 5 and the second photoelectric conversion layer 14, for example, zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin oxide (ITO), A transparent conductive film such as tin oxide (SnO 2 ) may be provided.
- ZnO zinc oxide
- ITO indium tin oxide
- SnO 2 A transparent conductive film such as tin oxide (SnO 2 ) may be provided.
- a part of the back electrode layer 5 and the semiconductor layer are arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the short side direction of the translucent insulating substrate 2.
- a striped third groove D3 reaching the transparent electrode layer 3 is formed at a location different from the first groove D1 and the second groove D2 by cutting and removing in a stripe shape, and patterned into a strip shape to form a plurality of strips. Separated into cell 1 (FIG. 2-10).
- a semiconductor layer (the 1st photoelectric converting layer 4 and the 2nd photoelectric converting layer 14) absorbs a laser beam energy, and with a semiconductor layer
- the back electrode layer 5 is blown off locally to be separated into a plurality of unit elements (power generation regions), that is, a plurality of cells 1.
- the module 10 having the cell 1 as shown in FIGS. 1-1 to 1-3 is completed.
- AM (air mass) 1.5 light is emitted at 100 mW / cm 2 using a solar simulator.
- the output characteristic was measured by entering from the substrate side with the amount of light, and the characteristic as a solar cell was evaluated.
- the open circuit voltage is 1.35 V
- the short-circuit current is 12.5 mA / cm 2
- the fill factor is 0.74
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 12.5%
- the transparent electrode layer 3 This is because in the transparent electrode layer 3, these openings are formed inside the opening 23 which is a local opening having a steep slope and inside the first groove D 1 which is a region between adjacent transparent electrode layers 3. It can be said that the planarization layer 21 is formed to fill the region and planarize.
- the planarizing layer 21 is formed in the first groove D1, thereby electrically insulating adjacent transparent electrode layers 3 from each other.
- the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3 on the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 side is substantially flattened.
- the step due to the first groove D1 is reduced, and the first groove D1 of the thin film semiconductor (the first photoelectric conversion layer 4 and the second photoelectric conversion layer 14) which is a photoelectric conversion layer formed thereon is formed.
- Generation of pinholes, cracks, and crystal grain boundaries due to steps can be prevented, and the film quality of the photoelectric conversion layer can be improved. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent a decrease in open-circuit voltage characteristics, a decrease in curve factor characteristics, and a decrease in short-circuit current density due to the step of the first groove D1, and to realize a good photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the planarizing layer 21 is formed in the opening having the steeply inclined side wall in the transparent electrode layer 3 even in a portion different from the first groove D1. Then, the transparent electrode layer 3 is substantially flattened. Thereby, like the case where the level
- the transparent electrode layer 3 prevents a decrease in open-circuit voltage characteristics, a curve factor characteristic, and a short-circuit current density due to a step of an opening having a steeply inclined side wall, thereby realizing a good photoelectric conversion efficiency. can do.
- the transparent electrode layer 3 is transparent.
- a thin film solar cell excellent in photoelectric conversion characteristics can be manufactured with high yield by preventing deterioration of the film quality of the crystalline photoelectric conversion layer due to the step of the transparent electrode layer 3 in the electrode layer 3.
- amorphous silicon used for the first photoelectric conversion layer 4
- an amorphous silicon-based semiconductor such as amorphous silicon germanium or amorphous silicon carbide; Using these crystalline silicon-based semiconductors, a tandem-type thin film solar cell having a first photoelectric conversion layer and a second photoelectric conversion layer 14 is formed as shown in FIGS. 1-2 and 1-3. You can also Good characteristics can be obtained by using a pin structure using these semiconductors.
- tandem thin film solar cell has been described as an example.
- the present invention is a thin film solar cell including a photoelectric conversion layer made of a microcrystalline semiconductor layer. Applicable.
- Embodiment 2 FIG.
- the parallel plate RIE method is used as the method for forming the planarizing layer 21 as in the first embodiment, but the method for forming the planarizing layer 21 is not limited to this.
- the parallel plate RIE method is used to form the planarizing layer 21 as in the first embodiment, the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3 is damaged due to plasma ion bombardment, resulting in unevenness 3a on the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3.
- an optical transfer technique photolithography technique
- FIGS. 3A to 3C are cross-sectional views for explaining the method of forming the planarization layer in the second embodiment.
- a positive acrylic resin film 31 is formed to a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m, for example, on the transparent insulating substrate 2 after the patterning of the transparent electrode layer 3 (FIG. 3-1). Then, after baking at about 100 ° C., the acrylic resin is irradiated with light (exposure processing) from the film surface side of the acrylic resin film 31 (FIG. 3-2).
- light energy to be irradiated ultraviolet light and visible light having a wavelength of about 200 nm to 500 nm are used.
- a mixed line of g line (wavelength 436 nm) and i (wavelength 365 nm) is used in an emission line spectrum of ultra high pressure mercury orange by a transfer device such as a stepper.
- the acrylic resin is subjected to an organic alkali solvent treatment and a water washing treatment as a chemical reaction process (development treatment), and then baked at, for example, 250 ° C. to flatten the first groove D1 and the steep opening 23. It can be in a state where the acrylic resin which is the conversion layer 21 is embedded (FIG. 3-3).
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the acrylic resin film thickness and the exposure amount of light energy.
- Embodiment 3 As a method for forming the planarization layer 21, another method using an optical transfer technique (photolithography technique) will be described.
- the method for forming the planarization layer 21 of the third embodiment uses a photolithography technique as in the second embodiment, except that light is irradiated from the translucent insulating substrate 2 side.
- light having a wavelength such that the light transmittance of the transparent electrode layer 3 is smaller than that of the translucent insulating substrate 2 i-line, h-line, g-line, etc. from 350 nm to 450 nm
- a negative photosensitive resin is used so that a portion of the resin irradiated with light of this wavelength remains.
- FIGS. 5-1 to 5-3 are cross-sectional views of relevant parts for explaining the method of forming the planarization layer in the third embodiment.
- the first groove D1 is formed by a laser scribing method or the like to separate the transparent electrode layer 3. .
- planarization layer 21 is formed in the same manner as in the first embodiment, an optical transfer technique (photolithography technique) is used in this embodiment.
- a negative photosensitive resin 41 is formed on the translucent insulating substrate 2 to a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m, for example (FIG. 5-1).
- the photosensitive resin 41 is baked at about 100 ° C., the photosensitive resin 41 is irradiated with light (exposure processing) (FIG. 5-2).
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the light transmission characteristics of the transparent electrode layer 3 made of ZnO to which aluminum is added.
- the wavelength of light used when the steep uneven shape is flattened with an organic resin and the transparent electrode layer 3 It is a characteristic view which shows the relationship with a total light transmittance (%).
- the photosensitive resin 41 After subjecting the photosensitive resin 41 to an organic alkali solvent treatment and a water washing treatment as a chemical reaction process (development treatment), for example, by baking at 250 ° C., the first groove D1 and the steeply inclined side wall
- development treatment for example, by baking at 250 ° C.
- the photosensitive resin 41 which is the planarizing layer 21 is embedded in the opening having the (FIG. 5-3).
- the planarization layer 21 fills not only the depression reaching the substrate surface of the translucent insulating substrate 2 but also the bottom of the unevenness 3a that is the texture formed on the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3 that is particularly deep.
- the exposure amount is adjusted so that the planarizing layer 21 does not remain in the convex portion of the transparent electrode layer 3 or in the shallow depression.
- a resin such as an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, an olefin resin, or a silicon resin can be used as an organic resin used for the negative photosensitive resin 41.
- the planarization layer 21 is formed as described above, the transparent electrode layer 3 itself is used as a mask, and the planarization layer 21 is formed in a thin portion thereof. It is possible to form the planarization layer 21 that fills the bottom of the depression. Of the textured irregularities 3a formed on the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3, the flattening layer 21 that is an insulating film exists in a deep portion, and there is a portion that cannot be electrically connected to the photoelectric conversion layer 4. However, the electrical connection is not hindered because most of the parts are very small and electrically connected.
- Embodiment 4 FIG.
- a method that does not use an optical transfer technique photolithography technique
- a method for forming a planarization layer in the present embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of relevant parts for explaining the method for forming a planarization layer in the fourth embodiment.
- the first groove D1 is formed by a laser scribing method or the like to separate the transparent electrode layer 3. .
- the planarization layer 21 is formed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- a spin coating method is used. A coating solution is obtained by adjusting with a solvent so that the viscosity of the organic resin is as low as possible. Then, while coating this coating solution on the transparent electrode layer 3 and the translucent insulating substrate 2 by spin coating, unnecessary coating solution is scattered and removed. Thereafter, the solvent is removed, and the organic resin is further cured. Curing of the organic resin is performed by appropriately selecting depending on the characteristics of the resin, such as heating and UV irradiation.
- the planarizing layer 21 not only has a recess reaching the substrate surface of the translucent insulating substrate 2 but also the bottom portion of the unevenness 3a which is a texture formed on the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3 with a particularly deep depth.
- the resin film thickness for resin coating is adjusted so that the planarizing layer 21 does not remain in the convex portion of the transparent electrode layer 3 or in the shallow depression.
- the planarizing layer 21 is formed as described above, it can be used even with a coating liquid that does not have photosensitivity, and the width of the resin material to be applied is widened. Even a coating liquid having photosensitivity can be used unless exposure and development are performed.
- the organic resin for example, a resin such as an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, an olefin resin, or a silicon resin can be used.
- the exposure / development process can be omitted, the cost and the throughput can be reduced as compared with the other embodiments.
- Embodiment 5 FIG.
- a method for forming the planarization layer 51 by a sol-gel coating method using a transparent conductive oxide electrode material will be described as a planarization layer formation method.
- a method for forming a planarization layer in the present embodiment will be described.
- 8A and 8B are cross-sectional views of relevant parts for explaining the method of forming the planarization layer 51 in the fifth embodiment.
- the transparent electrode layer 3 is formed on the translucent insulating substrate 2.
- a gel is prepared using a transparent conductive oxide electrode material as a raw material.
- transparent conductive oxide electrode materials include fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO 2 : F), antimony-doped tin oxide (SnO 2 : Sb), tin-doped indium oxide (In 2 O 3 : Sn), Al-doped zinc oxide ( A transparent conductive oxide electrode material typified by ZnO: Al), Ga-doped zinc oxide (ZnO: Ga) or the like is suitable.
- the translucent insulating substrate 2 is immersed in this gel and pulled up, and then the transparent electrode layer 3 is turned up. Thereby, a gel accumulates in the recessed part of the unevenness
- FIG. 8-1 the solvent contained in the gel is removed.
- a film can be formed only with a small thickness by a single treatment. Therefore, the above process is repeated to form a planarization layer 51 made of a transparent conductive oxide electrode material with a desired thickness in the recesses of the unevenness 3a that is the texture formed on the surface of the transparent electrode layer 3 (FIG. 8-1).
- the number of treatments is adjusted so that the flattening layer 51 does not remain in the convex portion or shallow depression of the transparent electrode layer 3. Further, when the flattened layer 51 is formed in a convex portion or a shallow depression of the transparent electrode layer 3 or when the flattened layer 51 is thicker than a desired thickness, etching of the flattened layer 51 is performed. The thickness can be adjusted.
- the first groove D1 is formed by a laser scribing method or the like to separate the transparent electrode layer 3 (FIG. 8-2).
- the planarization layer 51 is formed of a transparent conductive oxide electrode material, and thus the planarization layer 51 is not formed in the first groove D1.
- the planarization layer 51 is also formed in the first groove D1, the adjacent transparent electrode layers 3 are short-circuited. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the first groove D1 is formed after the planarization layer 51 is formed.
- the transparent conductive oxide electrode material is used as the material for filling the step in the transparent electrode layer 3, the material for filling the step in the transparent electrode layer 3 (the material filling the material transparent electrode layer 3).
- the material for filling the step in the transparent electrode layer 3 the material filling the material transparent electrode layer 3.
- the method for manufacturing a thin-film solar cell according to the present invention is useful for manufacturing a thin-film solar cell having a high-quality photoelectric conversion layer and excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Abstract
Description
図1-1は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる薄膜太陽電池であるタンデム型薄膜太陽電池モジュール(以下、モジュールと呼ぶ)10の概略構成を示す平面図である。図1-2は、モジュール10を構成する薄膜太陽電池セル(以下、セルと呼ぶ場合がある)1の短手向における断面構造を説明するための図であり、図1-1の線分A-A’方向における要部断面図である。図1-3は、セル1を構成する薄膜半導体層の構成を示す要部断面図である。
Tin Oxide)、酸化スズ(SnO2)および酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)などの結晶性金属酸化物を主成分とする透明導電性酸化膜や、これらの透明導電性酸化膜にドーパントとしてアルミニウム(Al)を添加した膜などの透光性の膜によって構成される。また、透明電極層3は、ドーパントとしてアルミニウム(Al)、ガリウム(Ga)、インジウム(In)、ホウ素(B)、イットリウム(Y)、シリコン(Si)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、チタン(Ti)から選択した少なくとも1種類以上の元素を用いたZnO膜、ITO膜、SnO2膜、またはこれらを積層して形成した透明導電膜であってもよく、光透過性を有している透明導電膜であればよい。また、成膜方法として、CVD法などの他の成膜方法を用いてもよい。
上述した実施の形態1では、平坦化層21の形成方法として平行平板型RIE法を用いる場合について説明したが、平坦化層21の形成方法はこれに限定される物ではない。実施の形態1のように平坦化層21の形成において平行平板型RIE法を用いる場合には、透明電極層3の表面に対するプラズマのイオン衝撃による加工損傷により、透明電極層3の表面の凸凹3aの形状変化が問題となる場合がある。そこで、実施の形態2では、平坦化層21の形成方法として、光転写技術(フォトリソグラフィ技術)を用いる。
実施の形態3では、平坦化層21の形成方法として、光転写技術(フォトリソグラフィ技術)を用いる他の方法について説明する。実施の形態3の平坦化層21の形成方法は、実施の形態2と同様にフォトリソグラフィ技術を用いるが、透光性絶縁基板2側から光を照射する点が異なる。また、実施の形態3では、透明電極層3の光透過率が透光性絶縁基板2に比べて小さくなる波長の光(350nm~450nmのi線、h線、g線など)を使用し、平坦化層21となる樹脂にはこの波長の光が照射された部分の樹脂が残るようなネガ型の感光性樹脂を用いる。
実施の形態4では、実施の形態2,3と異なり、平坦化層21の形成方法として、光転写技術(フォトリソグラフィ技術)を用いない方法について説明する。以下、本実施の形態における平坦化層の形成方法を説明する。図7は、実施の形態4における平坦化層の形成方法を説明するための要部断面図である。
実施の形態5では、平坦化層の形成方法として、透明導電性酸化物電極材料を用いて、ゾルゲル法によるコーティング法で平坦化層51を形成する方法について説明する。以下、本実施の形態における平坦化層の形成方法を説明する。図8-1および図8-2は、実施の形態5における平坦化層51の形成方法を説明するための要部断面図である。
2 透光性絶縁基板
3 透明電極層
3a 凸凹
4 光電変換層
4a p型非晶質半導体層
4b i型非晶質半導体層
4c n型非晶質半導体層
5 裏面電極層
5a 凹凸
10 モジュール
11 透明導電膜
14 光電変換層
14a p型微結晶半導体層
14b i型微結晶半導体層
14c n型微結晶半導体層
21 平坦化層
22 異物
23 開口部
41 感光性樹脂41
51 平坦化層
D1 第1の溝
D2 第2の溝
D3 第3の溝
Claims (15)
- 透光性絶縁基板上に、透明導電膜からなる第1電極層と、光電変換を行う光電変換層と、光を反射する導電膜からなる第2電極層と、がこの順で積層されてなる複数の薄膜太陽電池セルが配設されるとともに、隣接する前記薄膜太陽電池セル同士が電気的に直列接続された薄膜太陽電池であって、
前記第1電極層は窪み部を有し、前記窪み部の底部は絶縁材料により埋められていること、
を特徴とする薄膜太陽電池。 - 前記第1電極層は、隣接する前記薄膜太陽電池セル間にまたがるとともに前記透光性絶縁基板の面内で分離溝により互いに分離されて前記透光性絶縁基板上に複数形成され、
前記窪み部が前記分離溝であること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の薄膜太陽電池。 - 前記第1電極層は、前記光電変換層側の表面に凹凸を有するテクスチャ構造が形成され、
前記窪み部が前記テクスチャ構造の凹部であること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の薄膜太陽電池。 - 前記光電変換層は、
前記第1電極層の上に形成された非晶質半導体膜からなり光電変換を行う非晶質光電変換層と、
前記非晶質光電変換層の上に形成された微結晶半導体膜からなり光電変換を行う結晶質光電変換層と、
を備えること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の薄膜太陽電池。 - 透光性絶縁基板上に、透明導電膜からなる第1電極層と、半導体膜からなり光電変換を行う光電変換層と、光を反射する導電膜からなる第2電極層と、がこの順で積層されてなる複数の薄膜太陽電池セルが配設されるとともに、隣接する前記薄膜太陽電池セル同士が電気的に直列接続された薄膜太陽電池の製造方法であって、
前記透光性絶縁基板上に、窪み部を有する前記第1電極層を形成する第1工程と、
前記窪み部を含む前記第1電極層上に絶縁材料膜を塗布した後に、前記窪み部の底部に前記絶縁材料膜を残すとともに前記第1電極層上の前記絶縁材料膜を除去する第2工程と、
前記第1電極層上および前記窪み部上に前記光電変換層を形成する第3工程と、
前記光電変換層上に前記第2電極層を形成する第4工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする薄膜太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記第1工程は、前記第1電極層を基板面内で薄膜太陽電池セルごとに互いに分離する分離溝を形成する工程を含み、
前記窪み部が、前記分離溝であること、
を特徴とする請求項5に記載の薄膜太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記第1工程は、前記第1電極層の表面に凹凸を有するテクスチャ構造を形成する工程を含み、
前記窪み部が、前記テクスチャ構造の凹部であること、
を特徴とする請求項5に記載の薄膜太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記第2工程では、エッチング技術を用いて前記第1電極層上の前記絶縁性料膜を除去すること、
を特徴とする請求項5に記載の薄膜太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記絶縁材料膜が、アクリル樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、オレフィン樹脂、シリコン樹脂の何れか一種以上を含む有機物材料膜、またはシリコン膜であり、
前記第2工程では、酸素ガス、ハロゲン系ガスまたは酸素ガスとハロゲン系ガスとの混合ガスをエッチングガスとして用いた反応性イオンエッチングにより前記第1電極層上の前記絶縁材料膜をエッチバックすること、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の薄膜太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記第2工程では、フォトリソグラフィ技術を用いて前記第1電極層上の前記絶縁材料膜を除去する工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の薄膜太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記絶縁材料膜がポジ型の感光性を有し、
前記第2工程では、前記絶縁材料膜の膜面側から前記絶縁材料膜に光を照射後に現像処理を行って前記第1電極層上の前記絶縁材料膜を除去すること、
を特徴とする請求項10に記載の薄膜太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記絶縁材料膜がネガ型の感光性を有し、
前記第2工程では、前記透光性絶縁基板側から前記絶縁材料膜に光を照射後に現像処理を行って前記第1電極層上の前記絶縁材料膜を除去すること、
を特徴とする請求項10に記載の薄膜太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記絶縁材料膜が低粘度性を有し、
前記第2工程では、スピンコートすることにより前記第1電極層上の前記絶縁材料膜を除去し、前記窪み部と分離溝にのみ前記絶縁性材料を残すこと、
を特徴とする請求項10に記載の薄膜太陽電池の製造方法。 - 透光性絶縁基板上に、透明導電膜からなる第1電極層と、半導体膜からなり光電変換を行う光電変換層と、光を反射する導電膜からなる第2電極層と、がこの順で積層されてなる複数の薄膜太陽電池セルが配設されるとともに、隣接する前記薄膜太陽電池セル同士が電気的に直列接続された薄膜太陽電池の製造方法であって、
前記透光性絶縁基板上に、窪み部を有する前記第1電極層を形成する第1工程と、
前記窪み部の底部に透明導電性材料膜を選択的に塗布形成する第2工程と、
前記第1電極層が隣接する前記薄膜太陽電池セル間にまたがるとともに前記透光性絶縁基板の面内で互いに分離されるように前記第1電極層に分離溝を形成する第3工程と、
前記窪み部を含む前記第1電極層上および前記分離溝上に前記光電変換層を形成する第4工程と、
前記光電変換層上に前記第2電極層を形成する第5工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする薄膜太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記第2工程では、前記第1電極層上に透明導電性材料膜を塗布した後に、前記窪み部の底部に前記透明導電性材料膜を残すとともに前記第1電極層上の前記透明導電性材料膜を除去すること、
を特徴とする請求項14に記載の薄膜太陽電池の製造方法。
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CN102723386A (zh) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-10 | 苏州嘉言能源设备有限公司 | 薄膜太阳能电池光吸收透明薄膜 |
WO2022114026A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | Agc株式会社 | 透明電極基板及び太陽電池 |
CN115579406B (zh) * | 2020-11-30 | 2024-05-07 | Agc株式会社 | 透明电极基板和太阳能电池 |
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CN109888027A (zh) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-06-14 | 北京铂阳顶荣光伏科技有限公司 | 背电极、太阳能电池及其制备方法 |
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CN115579406B (zh) * | 2020-11-30 | 2024-05-07 | Agc株式会社 | 透明电极基板和太阳能电池 |
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