WO2010113433A1 - スパークプラグ - Google Patents
スパークプラグ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010113433A1 WO2010113433A1 PCT/JP2010/002095 JP2010002095W WO2010113433A1 WO 2010113433 A1 WO2010113433 A1 WO 2010113433A1 JP 2010002095 W JP2010002095 W JP 2010002095W WO 2010113433 A1 WO2010113433 A1 WO 2010113433A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ground electrode
- spark plug
- tip
- noble metal
- melting
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs
- H01T21/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs of sparking plugs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spark plug.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of improving the welding strength between a ground electrode and a noble metal tip.
- the present invention can take the following forms or application examples in order to solve at least a part of the problems described above.
- Application Example 1 An insulator having an axial hole penetrating in the axial direction, a center electrode provided on the tip end side of the axial hole, a substantially cylindrical metal shell for holding the insulator, and one end of the main body
- a ground electrode attached to a front end of the metal fitting and the other end facing the front end of the center electrode; and a ground electrode provided on a surface of the ground electrode opposite to the front end of the center electrode;
- a spark plug comprising: a noble metal tip forming a discharge gap, wherein at least a part between the ground electrode and the noble metal tip is a molten portion formed by melting the ground electrode and the noble metal tip.
- the thickness of the thickest portion of the thickness of the molten portion in the axial direction is A.
- the length of the longest portion of the length of the molten portion in the longitudinal direction of the ground electrode is B. And In case, characterized by satisfying the relation of 1.5 ⁇ B / A, the spark plug.
- Application Example 2 The spark plug according to Application Example 1, wherein the melting portion is cut along a plane parallel to the axial direction, passing through the central axis of the ground electrode, and the thickness of the melting portion In the spark plug, the portion of A / 1.3 is formed in the range of B / 2 from the rear end of the melting portion in the melting direction.
- the insulator which has an axial hole which penetrates in the direction of an axis, The central electrode provided in the tip side of the axial hole, The substantially cylindrical metallic shell which holds the insulator, One end is the main subject A ground electrode attached to a front end of the metal fitting and the other end facing the side surface of the center electrode; and a surface of the ground electrode facing the side surface of the center electrode, and a spark discharge gap between the ground electrode and the center electrode
- a spark plug including: a noble metal tip for forming a melting portion formed by melting the ground electrode and the noble metal tip in at least a portion between the ground electrode and the noble metal tip; A spark plug, wherein a thickness of the fusion zone in a longitudinal direction of the ground electrode is thicker toward a tip end in the axial direction.
- Application Example 5 The spark plug according to Application Example 4, wherein the width of the fusion zone in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction and in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ground electrode is the axial direction A spark plug characterized in that it becomes larger toward the tip end side.
- Application Example 6 The spark plug according to Application Example 4 or Application Example 5, wherein the thickness of the thickest portion of the thickness of the molten portion in the longitudinal direction of the ground electrode is D, and the axial direction is 2.
- Application Example 7 The spark plug according to Application Example 6, wherein the melting portion is cut along a plane parallel to the axial direction, passing through the central axis of the ground electrode, and the thickness of the melting portion
- the spark plug is characterized in that the portion of D / 1.3 is formed in the range of E / 2 from the rear end of the melting portion in the melting direction.
- Application Example 8 The spark plug according to any one of Application Examples 4 to 7, wherein a length of the longest portion of the lengths of the melting portion in the axial direction is E, and the axial direction is the same.
- Application Example 9 The spark plug according to any one of Application Examples 1 to 8, wherein the noble metal tip has a discharge surface that forms a spark discharge gap with the center electrode, At least a portion is embedded in a groove portion formed in the ground electrode, and the groove portion is also perpendicular to the discharge surface of the noble metal tip among the space between the groove portion and the noble metal tip.
- a spark plug characterized in that the fusion zone connecting the lead and the noble metal tip is formed.
- Application Example 10 The spark plug according to any one of Application Examples 1 to 9, wherein the melting portion is not formed on the surface of the noble metal tip opposed to the center electrode. To make a spark plug.
- Application Example 11 The spark plug according to any one of Application Examples 1 to 10, wherein a depth from the discharge surface of the noble metal tip to the melted portion closest to the discharge surface is L1.
- Application Example 12 The spark plug according to any one of Application Examples 1 to 11, wherein the melting portion is formed on the opposite side of the surface of the noble metal tip facing the center electrode in the melting portion.
- the spark plug wherein more than half of the boundary with the noble metal tip is parallel to the discharge surface of the noble metal tip.
- Application Example 13 The spark plug according to any one of Application Examples 1 to 12, wherein the fusion zone has a high energy beam in a direction parallel to the boundary between the ground electrode and the noble metal tip.
- Application Example 14 The spark plug according to any one of Application Examples 1 to 13, wherein the fusion zone has a high energy beam from an oblique direction with respect to the boundary between the ground electrode and the noble metal tip.
- Application Example 15 The spark plug according to any of Application Examples 1 to 14, wherein the fusion zone is irradiated with a fiber laser or an electron beam to the boundary between the ground electrode and the noble metal tip.
- the present invention can be realized in various aspects.
- the present invention can be realized in the form of a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a spark plug, a manufacturing system, and the like.
- spark plug of the application example 1 it is possible to suppress the generation of oxide scale and improve the welding strength between the noble metal tip and the ground electrode.
- spark plug of the application example 2 an increase in the spark discharge gap (discharge gap) due to spark consumption can be suppressed, and the durability of the spark plug can be improved.
- the spark plug of the application example 3 since a wide part of the boundary between the noble metal tip and the ground electrode can be welded through the melting portion, the welding strength between the noble metal tip and the ground electrode can be increased. It becomes possible.
- the stress applied to the ground electrode can be appropriately alleviated, it is possible to suppress the generation of the oxide scale and to suppress the separation of the noble metal tip from the ground electrode. It becomes.
- the generation of the oxide scale in the vicinity of the fusion zone can be suppressed.
- the spark plug of the application example 8 since a wide part of the boundary between the noble metal tip and the ground electrode can be welded through the melting portion, the welding strength between the noble metal tip and the ground electrode can be increased. It becomes possible.
- the wider part of the space between the noble metal tip and the ground electrode can be welded through the melting portion, thereby further enhancing the weld strength between the noble metal tip and the ground electrode It becomes possible.
- the noble metal tip is superior in refractory flower expendability to the melted portion, so that the refractory flower expendability can be improved.
- the amount of increase in the discharge gap accompanying the use of the spark plug can be suppressed, and the durability of the noble metal tip can be further improved.
- the volume of the unmelted portion of the noble metal tip is increased, so that the spark erosion resistance can be improved.
- the high energy beam can melt the irradiation target deep, so that the melting portion having an appropriate shape can be formed also by such an irradiation direction.
- the boundary between the ground electrode and the noble metal tip can be melted deep, so the ground electrode and the noble metal tip are firmly joined. It can be done.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a spark plug 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a tip 22 of a center electrode 20 of a spark plug 100. It is explanatory drawing which shows the shape of the fusion
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the distance from the tip end surface 31 of the ground electrode 30 and the temperature of the ground electrode 30. It is a graph which shows the relationship between fusion
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory view showing the vicinity of a tip end portion 33 d of a ground electrode 30 d of a spark plug 100 j according to another embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the fusion
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a spark plug 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the axial direction OD of the spark plug 100 is referred to as the vertical direction in the drawing, and the lower side is described as the front end side of the spark plug 100 and the upper side as the rear end side.
- the spark plug 100 includes an insulator 10, a metal shell 50, a center electrode 20, a ground electrode 30, and a terminal metal 40.
- the center electrode 20 is held in the insulator 10 so as to extend in the axial direction OD.
- the insulator 10 functions as an insulator, and the metal shell 50 holds the insulator 10.
- the terminal fitting 40 is provided at the rear end portion of the insulator 10. The configurations of the center electrode 20 and the ground electrode 30 will be described in detail in FIG.
- the insulator 10 is formed by firing alumina or the like, and has a cylindrical shape in which an axial hole 12 extending in the axial direction OD is formed at the axial center.
- a flange portion 19 having the largest outer diameter is formed substantially at the center of the axial direction OD, and a rear end side body portion 18 is formed at the rear end side (upper side in FIG. 1).
- a distal end side body portion 17 having an outer diameter smaller than that of the rear end side body portion 18 is formed on the distal end side (lower side in FIG. 1) than the flange portion 19 and further on the distal end side than the distal end side body portion 17
- a long leg portion 13 whose outer diameter is smaller than that of the front end side body portion 17 is formed.
- the leg length portion 13 is reduced in diameter toward the tip end side, and is exposed to the combustion chamber when the spark plug 100 is attached to the engine head 200 of the internal combustion engine.
- a step 15 is formed between the long leg 13 and the front end side body 17.
- the metal shell 50 is a cylindrical metal fitting formed of a low carbon steel material, and fixes the spark plug 100 to the engine head 200 of the internal combustion engine.
- the metal shell 50 holds the insulator 10 inside, and the insulator 10 is surrounded by the metal shell 50 from a part from the rear end body 18 to the leg length 13.
- the metal shell 50 further includes a tool engaging portion 51 and a mounting screw portion 52.
- the tool engagement portion 51 is a portion to which a spark plug wrench (not shown) is fitted.
- the mounting screw portion 52 of the metal shell 50 is a portion where a screw thread is formed, and is screwed into the mounting screw hole 201 of the engine head 200 provided on the upper portion of the internal combustion engine.
- a hook-shaped seal portion 54 is formed between the tool engaging portion 51 of the metal shell 50 and the mounting screw portion 52.
- An annular gasket 5 formed by bending a plate is fitted in a screw neck 59 between the mounting screw portion 52 and the seal portion 54.
- the gasket 5 is crushed and deformed between the bearing surface 55 of the seal portion 54 and the opening peripheral portion 205 of the mounting screw hole 201. The deformation of the gasket 5 seals between the spark plug 100 and the engine head 200, and airtight leakage in the engine through the mounting screw hole 201 is prevented.
- a thin crimped portion 53 is provided on the rear end side of the metal shell 50 with respect to the tool engagement portion 51. Further, similarly to the caulking portion 53, a thin buckling portion 58 is provided between the seal portion 54 and the tool engagement portion 51. Annular ring members 6 and 7 are interposed between the inner peripheral surface from the tool engaging portion 51 of the metal shell 50 to the caulking portion 53 and the outer peripheral surface of the rear end side body portion 18 of the insulator 10. It is done. Furthermore, powder of talc (talc) is filled between the two ring members 6 and 7. When the crimped portion 53 is crimped so as to be bent inward, the insulator 10 is pressed toward the front end side in the metal shell 50 via the ring members 6 and 7 and the talc 9.
- the step portion 15 of the insulator 10 is supported by the step portion 56 formed on the inner periphery of the metal shell 50, and the metal shell 50 and the insulator 10 are integrated.
- the airtightness between the metal shell 50 and the insulator 10 is held by the annular plate packing 8 interposed between the step portion 15 of the insulator 10 and the step portion 56 of the metal shell 50, and the combustion is performed. Outflow of gas is prevented.
- the buckling portion 58 is configured to be flexed and deformed outward with the application of a compressive force when caulking, and the compression stroke of the talc 9 is obtained to improve the airtightness in the metal shell 50. .
- a clearance CL with a predetermined dimension is provided between the insulator 10 and the tip end side of the stepped portion 56 of the metal shell 50.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip 22 of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100.
- the center electrode 20 is a rod-like electrode having a structure in which the core material 25 is embedded in the inside of the electrode base material 21.
- the electrode base material 21 is formed of nickel or a nickel-based alloy such as Inconel (trade name) 600 or 601.
- the core material 25 is formed of copper or an alloy containing copper as a main component, which is superior in thermal conductivity to the electrode base material 21.
- the center electrode 20 is manufactured by packing the core material 25 in the inside of the electrode base material 21 formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape, and performing extrusion molding from the bottom side and drawing it.
- the core member 25 has a substantially constant outer diameter in the body portion, but a reduced diameter portion is formed on the tip end side. Further, the center electrode 20 is extended toward the rear end in the shaft hole 12 and electrically connected to the terminal fitting 40 (FIG. 1) via the seal body 4 and the ceramic resistor 3 (FIG. 1). It is done. A high voltage cable (not shown) is connected to the terminal fitting 40 via a plug cap (not shown) and a high voltage is applied.
- the tip 22 of the center electrode 20 protrudes further than the tip 11 of the insulator 10.
- a center electrode tip 90 is bonded to the end of the end portion 22 of the center electrode 20.
- the center electrode tip 90 has a substantially cylindrical shape extending in the axial direction OD, and is formed of a high melting point noble metal in order to improve the resistance to spark erosion.
- the center electrode tip 90 is made of, for example, one of iridium (Ir) and Ir as a main component, platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd) and rhenium (Re). It is formed of an Ir alloy to which two or more types are added.
- the ground electrode 30 is formed of a highly corrosion resistant metal, for example, a nickel alloy such as Inconel (trade name) 600 or 601.
- the base portion 32 of the ground electrode 30 is joined to the front end portion 57 of the metal shell 50 by welding. Further, the ground electrode 30 is bent, and the tip 33 of the ground electrode 30 faces the tip 22 of the center electrode 20, and also faces the tip surface 92 of the center electrode tip 90.
- ground electrode tip 95 is joined to the tip end portion 33 of the ground electrode 30 via the melting portion 98.
- a discharge surface 96 of the ground electrode tip 95 faces the tip end surface 92 of the center electrode tip 90, and a gap G is formed between the discharge surface 96 of the ground electrode tip 95 and the tip end surface 92 of the center electrode tip 90. Is formed.
- the ground electrode tip 95 can be formed of the same material as the center electrode tip 90.
- FIG. 3A is a view of the tip 33 of the ground electrode 30 as seen from the direction along the axial direction OD.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 3A.
- the ground electrode tip 95 is embedded in a groove portion 88 formed in the ground electrode 30, and at least a part between the ground electrode tip 95 and the ground electrode 30.
- a melting portion 98 is formed.
- the melting portion 98 is formed by melting the ground electrode tip 95 and the ground electrode 30, and includes both components of the ground electrode tip 95 and the ground electrode 30. Therefore, the fusion zone 98 has an intermediate composition between the ground electrode tip 95 and the ground electrode 30.
- the melting portion 98 is depicted also in FIG. 3A for the sake of description. The same applies to the drawings shown below. Further, although a broken line is drawn at the boundary between the ground electrode tip 95 and the ground electrode 30 (FIG. 3B), actually, the portion where the melting portion 98 is formed is the ground electrode tip 95 and the ground The electrode 30 and the electrode 30 are melted together, and the broken line at the boundary disappears. The same applies to the drawings shown below.
- the fusion zone 98 can be formed by irradiating a high energy beam from a direction LD substantially parallel to the boundary between the ground electrode 30 and the ground electrode tip 95.
- a high energy beam for forming the fusion zone 98 for example, it is preferable to use a fiber laser or an electron beam.
- a fiber laser since the boundary between the ground electrode 30 and the ground electrode tip 95 can be melted deep, the ground electrode 30 and the ground electrode tip 95 can be firmly joined.
- the thickness Ax of the melting portion 98 in the direction perpendicular to the discharge surface 96 of the ground electrode tip 95 is a direction TD toward the tip of the ground electrode 30 (in the following, the ground electrode It is preferable that the thickness is gradually increased along the longitudinal direction TD of 30). The reason will be described. As described later, the temperature of the ground electrode 30 gradually becomes higher along the direction TD toward the tip of the ground electrode 30 in the used state of the spark plug 100. For this reason, the stress applied to the ground electrode 30 becomes larger as it gets closer to the tip surface 31.
- the melting portion 98 has a thermal expansion coefficient intermediate between the ground electrode 30 and the ground electrode tip 95, stress applied to the ground electrode 30 can be relieved.
- stress on the ground electrode 30 can be appropriately alleviated by gradually increasing the thickness Ax of the melting portion 98 along the direction TD toward the tip of the ground electrode 30, thereby suppressing the generation of oxide scale. It is possible to suppress peeling of the ground electrode tip 95 from the ground electrode 30. In other words, it is preferable that the thickness Ax of the fusion zone 98 in the direction perpendicular to the discharge surface 96 of the ground electrode tip 95 be thicker as the temperature of the ground electrode tip 95 becomes higher in the used state of the spark plug 100.
- the width Wx of the melting portion 98 in the direction parallel to the tip surface 31 of the ground electrode 30 and in the direction parallel to the discharge surface 96 of the ground electrode tip 95 is It is preferable that the height gradually increases along the direction TD toward the tip of the ground electrode 30. The reason for this is the same as the reason for increasing the thickness Ax of the melting portion 98 gradually along the direction TD toward the tip of the ground electrode 30. In this way, the stress applied to the ground electrode 30 can be properly alleviated, so generation of oxide scale can be suppressed and peeling of the ground electrode tip 95 from the ground electrode 30 can be suppressed. It becomes.
- the spark plug 100 preferably satisfies the following relational expression (1).
- the thickness of the melting portion 98 is formed in the range of B / 2 from the fusion direction back end 94 of the fusion part 98. That is, the distance X from the melting direction rear end 94 of the melting portion 98 to the portion P where the thickness Ax of the melting portion 98 is A / 1.3 is preferably B / 2 or less. If the melting portion 98 has such a shape, an increase in the gap G due to spark consumption can be suppressed, and the durability of the spark plug can be improved. The reason is as follows.
- the portion P where the thickness of the melting portion 98 becomes A / 1.3 is closer to the tip in the melting direction than B / 2 (such as B / 1.4), the ground electrode tip 95 is consumed by spark discharge. Since the melted portion 98 is likely to appear on the discharge surface when it occurs, the gap G tends to increase.
- the portion P where the thickness of the melting portion 98 is A / 1.3 is closer to the rear end 94 in the melting direction than B / 2 (B / 2, B / 3), the melting portion 98 has a discharge surface And the amount of increase in the gap G can be suppressed.
- the ground electrode tip 95 is preferably embedded in a groove portion 88 formed in the ground electrode 30.
- the length of the ground electrode tip 95 in the direction perpendicular to the tip surface 31 of the ground electrode 30 is denoted by C.
- the length of the ground electrode tip 95 in the longitudinal direction TD of the ground electrode 30 is C.
- B be the length of the longest portion of the length of the fusion portion 98 in the direction perpendicular to the tip surface 31 of the ground electrode 30.
- B be the length of the longest portion of the length of the fusion portion 98 in the longitudinal direction TD of the ground electrode 30.
- the spark plug 100 preferably satisfies the following relational expression (2).
- the fusion zone 98 is not formed on the discharge surface 96 of the ground electrode tip 95.
- the fusion portion 98 is not formed on the surface 96 facing the center electrode 20 of the ground electrode tip 95.
- the reason for this is that the ground electrode tip 95 is superior to the fused portion 98 in refractory flower wear resistance. Therefore, if the melting portion 98 is not formed on the discharge surface 96 of the ground electrode tip 95, the spark erosion resistance can be improved.
- the depth from the discharge surface 96 of the ground electrode tip 95 to the portion closest to the discharge surface 96 in the boundary between the melting portion 98 and the ground electrode tip 95 is L1.
- the depth from the discharge surface 96 of the ground electrode tip 95 to the portion farthest from the discharge surface 96 in the boundary between the melting portion 98 and the ground electrode tip 95 is L2.
- the spark plug 100 preferably satisfies the following relational expression (3). L2-L1 ⁇ 0.3 mm (3) In this manner, the amount of increase in the gap G accompanying the use of the spark plug 100 can be suppressed, and the durability of the ground electrode tip 95 can be further improved.
- regulated like said relational expression (3) is mentioned later.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a cross-sectional shape of a melting portion 98b in a spark plug 100b according to a second embodiment. At least a part of the ground electrode tip 95 is embedded in a groove portion 88 formed in the ground electrode 30, and the fusion zone 98b is a ground electrode between the groove portion of the ground electrode 30 and the ground electrode tip 95. It is preferable that the portion 97 (boundary 97) substantially perpendicular to the discharge surface 96 of the tip 95 is also formed. In this way, a wider part of the boundary between the ground electrode tip 95 and the ground electrode 30 can be welded via the melting portion 98b, so the welding strength between the ground electrode tip 95 and the ground electrode 30 can be obtained. Can be further enhanced.
- the melting portion 98b having such a shape may be formed by making the irradiation time of the fiber laser or the electron beam longer than the irradiation time in the case of forming the melting portion 98 shown in FIG. it can.
- the fusion zone 98b can be formed also by increasing the irradiation output of the fiber laser or the electron beam.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a cross-sectional shape of a melting portion 98c in a spark plug 100c according to a third embodiment.
- more than half of the boundary 45 with the ground electrode tip 95 of the fusion zone 98c formed on the opposite side to the surface 96 (discharge surface 96) opposite to the center electrode 20 of the ground electrode tip 95 is It is preferable to be parallel to the discharge surface 96 of the ground electrode tip 95. In this way, the volume of the portion of the ground electrode tip 95 which is not melted by the fiber laser or the like is increased, so that it is possible to improve the spark erosion resistance.
- the fused portion 98 c having such a shape can be formed by irradiating the fiber laser or the electron beam from the direction BD oblique to the boundary between the ground electrode 30 and the ground electrode tip 95.
- FIG. 6A is an explanatory view showing the vicinity of a front end portion 33 d of a ground electrode 30 d of a spark plug 100 d according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 (B) is an explanatory view showing a tip portion 33d of the ground electrode 30d in an enlarged manner.
- FIG. 6C is a view of the ground electrode tip 95d as seen from the direction perpendicular to the discharge surface 96d.
- the tip end surface 31 d of the ground electrode 30 d faces the side surface 93 of the center electrode tip 90. If the center electrode tip 90 is regarded as a part of the center electrode 20, it can be said that the tip 33d of the ground electrode 30d faces the side surface 93 of the center electrode 20. That is, the spark plug 100d is a so-called horizontal discharge type plug, and the discharge direction is perpendicular to the axial direction OD.
- the ground electrode tip 95d is provided on the surface 31d of the ground electrode 30d facing the side surface 93 of the center electrode 20 (the side surface 93 of the center electrode tip 90).
- a spark discharge gap is formed between it and 20 (center electrode tip 90).
- a fused portion 98d formed by melting the ground electrode 30d and the ground electrode tip 95d is present at least in part between the ground electrode 30d and the ground electrode tip 95d.
- the thickness Dx of the melted portion 98d in the direction perpendicular to the discharge surface 96d of the ground electrode tip 95d is gradually increased along the axial direction OD of the spark plug 100d. .
- the thickness Dx of the melted portion 98d in the longitudinal direction TD of the ground electrode 30d be thicker toward the tip end side of the axial direction OD. The reason for this is that the temperature in the vicinity of the tip surface 31d of the ground electrode 30d in the lateral discharge type plug is high along the axial direction OD. Therefore, if the melting portion 98 d has such a shape, as in the case of the spark plug 100 shown in FIG. 3B, the stress applied to the ground electrode 30 can be relaxed appropriately. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of the occurrence of peeling of the ground electrode tip 95d from the ground electrode 30d.
- the width Wxd of the melting portion 98d in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction OD of the spark plug 100d and in the direction parallel to the discharge surface 96d of the ground electrode tip 95d is It is preferable that the diameter gradually increases along the axial direction OD of the spark plug 100d.
- the width Wxd of the melting portion 98d in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction OD and in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction TD of the ground electrode 30d is larger toward the tip side in the axial direction OD. Is preferred. In this way, as in the case of the spark plug 100 shown in FIG. 3A, since the stress applied to the ground electrode 30 can be appropriately alleviated, the generation of oxide scale can be suppressed, and the ground electrode tip can be reduced. It is possible to suppress peeling of 95d from the ground electrode 30d.
- the thickness of the thickest portion of the thickness Dx of the melted portion 98 d in the direction perpendicular to the discharge surface 96 d of the ground electrode tip 95 d is D.
- the length of the longest portion of the length of the fusion portion 98 d in the axial direction OD of the spark plug 100 d is E.
- the spark plug 100d satisfy the following relational expression (4). 1.5 ⁇ E / D (4) In this way, as in the case of the spark plug 100 shown in FIG. 3B, generation of oxide scale in the vicinity of the melted portion 98 d can be suppressed it can. The reason is the same as in the case of the spark plug 100 shown in FIG. 3B, and will be described later.
- the portion Q which is /1.3 be formed in the range of E / 2 from the rear end 94d in the melting direction of the melting portion 98d. That is, the distance X from the melting direction rear end 94d of the melting portion 98d to the portion Q where the thickness Dx of the melting portion 98d is D / 1.3 is preferably E / 2 or less. If the fusion zone 98d has such a shape, as in the case of the spark plug 100 shown in FIG. 3B, an increase in the gap G due to spark consumption can be suppressed, and the durability of the spark plug is improved. It can be done. The reason is the same as that of the spark plug 100 shown in FIG.
- the length of the ground electrode tip 95d in the axial direction OD of the spark plug 100d is F.
- E be the length of the longest part among the lengths of fusion
- the spark plug 100 d satisfy the following relational expression (5).
- F ⁇ E (5) In this way, as in the case of the spark plug 100 shown in FIG. 3B, a wide portion of the boundary between the ground electrode tip 95d and the ground electrode 30d is melted. Since welding can be performed via 98d, welding strength between the ground electrode tip 95d and the ground electrode 30d can be increased.
- the depth from the discharge surface 96d of the ground electrode tip 95d to the portion closest to the discharge surface 96d in the boundary between the melting portion 98d and the ground electrode tip 95d is Ld1.
- the depth from the discharge surface 96d of the ground electrode tip 95d to the portion farthest from the discharge surface 96d in the boundary between the melting portion 98d and the ground electrode tip 95d is Ld2.
- the spark plug 100d satisfy the following relational expression (6).
- the amount of increase in the gap G accompanying the use of the spark plug 100 d can be suppressed.
- the durability of the ground electrode tip 95d can be further improved.
- regulated like said relational expression (6) it is the same as the ground which prescribed said relational expression (3), and it mentions later.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the distance from the tip end surface 31 of the ground electrode 30 and the temperature of the ground electrode 30. As shown in FIG. The horizontal axis of FIG. 7 indicates the distance from the tip surface 31 of the ground electrode 30, and the vertical axis indicates the temperature of the ground electrode 30 at that distance.
- the temperature of the ground electrode 30 As the temperature of the ground electrode 30, the temperature of the ground electrode 30 on the surface opposite to the surface on which the ground electrode tip 95 is provided was measured. According to FIG. 7, it can be understood that the temperature is higher as it is closer to the front end surface 31 of the ground electrode 30, and the temperature is lower as it is farther from the front end surface 31. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the thickness Ax of the melting portion 98 is thicker as the temperature of the ground electrode 30 is higher, that is, the thickness TD of the melting portion 98 is directed to the tip of the ground electrode 30 If the thickness is increased gradually, the stress applied to the ground electrode 30 can be properly relieved, and the generation of oxide scale can be suppressed. Also in the spark plug 100d shown in FIG. 6, it is preferable that the thickness Dx of the melting portion 98d is thicker toward the tip end side in the axial direction OD.
- the ground electrode 30 was heated by a burner for 2 minutes to raise the temperature of the ground electrode 30 to 1100 ° C. Thereafter, the burner was turned off, the ground electrode 30 was gradually cooled for 1 minute, and the ground electrode 30 was heated again by the burner for 2 minutes to raise the temperature of the ground electrode 30 to 1100 ° C. This cycle was repeated 1000 times, and the length of the oxide scale generated in the vicinity of the melting portion 98 was measured from a half cross section. Then, from the measured length of the oxide scale, the generation ratio of the oxide scale was determined.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the melt portion ratio B / A and the oxide scale generation ratio.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 8 indicates the melted portion ratio B / A, and the vertical axis indicates the oxide scale generation ratio.
- the oxide scale generation ratio decreases as the melted portion ratio B / A increases. This is because as the melting portion ratio B / A increases, the volume of the melting portion 98 occupying the interface between the ground electrode tip 95 and the ground electrode 30 increases, and oxidation occurs at the interface between the ground electrode tip 95 and the ground electrode 30. It is believed that this is because the scale is less likely to occur. Then, when the melted portion ratio B / A becomes 1.5 or more, the oxide scale generation ratio becomes 0%.
- the melting portion 98 such that the melting portion ratio B / A is 1.5 or more. Also in the spark plug 100 d shown in FIG. 6, it is preferable to form the fusion part 98 d so that the fusion part ratio E / D is 1.5 or more.
- FIG. 9A is a graph showing the relationship between the melted portion height difference LA and the increase amount of the gap G after the test.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 9A indicates the molten portion height difference LA
- the vertical axis indicates the increase amount (mm) of the gap G after 100 hours of the desktop spark test.
- FIG. 9A it can be understood that the amount of increase in the gap G decreases and the durability of the ground electrode tip 95 improves as the molten portion height difference LA decreases. Further, by setting the molten portion height difference LA smaller than 0.3, the amount of increase in the gap G can be suppressed to 0.1 mm, and the durability of the ground electrode tip 95 can be further improved.
- the fused portion 98 it is preferable to form the fused portion 98 so that the fused portion height difference LA is 0.3 mm or less.
- the spark plug 100d shown in FIG. 6 it is preferable to form the melted portion 98d so that the melted portion height difference LA is 0.3 mm or less.
- FIG. 9B is a graph showing the relationship between the distance X and the increase amount of the gap G after the test.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 9B indicates the distance X, and the vertical axis indicates the increase (mm) in the gap G after the desk spark test is performed for 100 hours. According to FIG. 9B, it can be understood that as the distance X is smaller, the amount of increase in the gap G is smaller and the durability of the ground electrode tip 95 is improved.
- the distance X is smaller than B / 2, that is, the portion P where the thickness Ax of the melting portion 98 is A / 1.3 is within the range of B / 2 from the other end of the melting portion 98 If the gap G is formed to be smaller than 0.1 mm, the durability of the ground electrode tip 95 can be further improved. Therefore, it is preferable to form the fusion zone 98 such that the distance X is B / 2 or less. Also in the spark plug 100d shown in FIG. 6, it is preferable to form the fusion zone 98d so that the distance X is equal to or less than E / 2.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing a fusion zone 98e of a spark plug 100e according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 10A is a view of the tip portion 33 of the ground electrode 30 as viewed from a direction along the axial direction OD
- FIG. 10B is a view showing a cross section taken along the line BB in FIG. It is. The same applies to FIGS. 11 to 14 below.
- approximately half of the ground electrode tip 95e protrudes from the tip end surface 31 of the ground electrode 30, and the fusion portion 98e may not be formed in this protruding portion. .
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a melting portion 98 f of the spark plug 100 f in another embodiment.
- the shape of the ground electrode tip 95f may be cylindrical, and the ground electrode tip 95f may not protrude from the tip surface 31 of the ground electrode 30.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing a melting portion 98g of the spark plug 100g according to another embodiment.
- the shape of the ground electrode tip 95g may be cylindrical, and the ground electrode tip 95g may also be formed by irradiating a fiber laser or an electron beam from the direction along the axial direction OD. It is good also as forming fusion part 99g in the perimeter part of. By so doing, the welding strength of the ground electrode tip 95g can be further improved.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory view showing a fusion zone 98h of a spark plug 100h according to another embodiment.
- the fusion zone 99h may be formed on the outer periphery of the ground electrode tip 95h by irradiating the fiber laser or the electron beam also from the direction along the axial direction OD. This can further improve the welding strength of the ground electrode tip 95h.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory view showing a fusion zone 98i of a spark plug 100i according to another embodiment.
- the shape of the ground electrode tip 95i may be cylindrical, and the ground electrode tip 95i is disposed on the plane portion 34i of the ground electrode 30i without providing a groove in the ground electrode 30i. You may do it.
- FIG. 15A is an explanatory view showing the vicinity of a front end portion 33d of the ground electrode 30d of the spark plug 100j according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 15 (B) is an explanatory view showing a tip portion 33d of the ground electrode 30d in an enlarged manner.
- FIG. 15C is a view of the ground electrode tip 95j as seen from the direction perpendicular to the discharge surface 96j.
- This spark plug 100j is a horizontal discharge type spark plug, like the spark plug 100d in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. However, in the spark plug 100j, the shape of the ground electrode tip 95j is cylindrical. Thus, in the horizontal discharge type spark plug, the shape of the ground electrode tip 95 j may be cylindrical.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory view showing a fusion zone 98k of a spark plug 100k according to another embodiment.
- This spark plug 100k is a horizontal discharge type spark plug, similarly to the spark plug 100d in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.
- a groove 35k is provided in the vicinity of the tip 33k of the ground electrode 30k.
- the groove 35k may be provided in the ground electrode 30k.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory view showing a fusion zone 98l of a spark plug 100l according to another embodiment.
- the length in the axial direction OD of the ground electrode tip 95l may be the same as or longer than the length in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction OD. Further, the ground electrode tip 95l may be disposed on the flat portion 34l of the ground electrode 30l without providing the groove portion in the ground electrode 30l.
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Abstract
Description
融部98の長さのうち、最も長い部分の長さをBとする。換言すれば、接地電極30の長手方向TDにおける溶融部98の長さのうち、最も長い部分の長さをBとする。この場合において、スパークプラグ100は、以下の関係式(1)を満たすことが好ましい。 1.5≦B/A …(1) 上記関係式(1)を満たすように溶融部98を形成すれば、溶融部98近傍に酸化スケールが発生するのを抑制することができる。この理由については後述する。また、B/Aを以下では溶融部比率とも呼ぶ。
する根拠については、上記関係式(3)を規定した根拠と同じであり、後述する。
0d…スパークプラグ 100e…スパークプラグ 100f…スパークプラグ 100g…スパークプラグ 100h…スパークプラグ 100i…スパークプラグ 100j…スパークプラグ 100k…スパークプラグ 100l…スパークプラグ 200…エンジンヘッド 201…孔 205…開口周縁部
Claims (15)
- 軸線方向に貫通する軸孔を有する絶縁体と、 前記軸孔の先端側に設けられた中心電極と、 前記絶縁体を保持する略筒状の主体金具と、 一端が前記主体金具の先端部に取り付けられ、他端が前記中心電極の先端部と対向する接地電極と、 前記接地電極の前記中心電極の先端部と対向する面に設けられ、前記中心電極との間で火花放電間隙を形成する貴金属チップと、 を備えるスパークプラグであって、 前記接地電極と前記貴金属チップとの間の少なくとも一部には、前記接地電極と前記貴金属チップとが溶け合って形成された溶融部があり、 前記軸線方向における前記溶融部の厚さのうち、最も厚い部分の厚さをAとし、 前記接地電極の長手方向における前記溶融部の長さのうち、最も長い部分の長さをBとした場合において、 1.5≦B/A の関係を満たすことを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項1に記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記接地電極の中心軸を通り、前記軸線方向と平行な平面で、前記溶融部を切断した場合において、 前記溶融部の厚さのうち、A/1.3となる部分が、前記溶融部の溶融方向後端からB/2の範囲に形成されていることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記接地電極の長手方向における前記貴金属チップの長さをCとした場合において、 C≦B の関係を満たすことを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 軸線方向に貫通する軸孔を有する絶縁体と、 前記軸孔の先端側に設けられた中心電極と、 前記絶縁体を保持する略筒状の主体金具と、 一端が前記主体金具の先端部に取り付けられ、他端が前記中心電極の側面と対向する接地電極と、 前記接地電極の前記中心電極の側面と対向する面に設けられ、前記中心電極との間で火花放電間隙を形成する貴金属チップと、を備えるスパークプラグであって、 前記接地電極と前記貴金属チップとの間の少なくとも一部には、前記接地電極と前記貴金属チップとが溶け合って形成された溶融部があり、 前記接地電極の長手方向における前記溶融部の厚さは、前記軸線方向先端側に向かうほど厚くなっていることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項4に記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記軸線方向に垂直な方向であり、かつ、前記接地電極の長手方向に垂直な方向における前記溶融部の幅は、前記軸線方向先端側に向かうほど大きくなっていることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項4または請求項5に記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記接地電極の長手方向における前記溶融部の厚さのうち、最も厚い部分の厚さをDとし、 前記軸線方向における前記溶融部の長さのうち、最も長い部分の長さをEとした場合において、 1.5≦E/D の関係を満たすことを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項6に記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記接地電極の中心軸を通り、前記軸線方向と平行な平面で、前記溶融部を切断した場合において、 前記溶融部の厚さのうち、D/1.3となる部分が、前記溶融部の溶融方向後端からE/2の範囲に形成されていることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項4ないし請求項7のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記軸線方向における前記溶融部の長さのうち、最も長い部分の長さをEとし、 前記軸線方向における前記貴金属チップの長さをFとした場合において、 F≦E の関係を満たすことを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記貴金属チップは、前記中心電極との間で火花放電間隙を形成する放電面を有し、 自身の少なくとも一部が前記接地電極に形成された溝部分に埋設されており、 前記溝部分と前記貴金属チップとの間のうち、前記貴金属チップの放電面に対して垂直な部分においても、前記溝部分と前記貴金属チップとを接続する前記溶融部が形成されていることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記貴金属チップの前記中心電極と対向する面には、前記溶融部が形成されていないことを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項1ないし請求項10のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記貴金属チップの放電面から、前記放電面に最も接近した前記溶融部までの深さをL1とし、 前記貴金属チップの放電面から、前記放電面に最も遠い前記溶融部までの深さをL2とした場合において、 L2-L1≦0.3mm の関係を満たすことを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項1ないし請求項11のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記溶融部のうち、前記貴金属チップの中心電極と対向する面とは反対側に形成された溶融部の前記貴金属チップとの境界の半分以上は、前記貴金属チップの放電面と平行である、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項1ないし請求項12のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記溶融部は、前記接地電極と前記貴金属チップとの境界に対して平行な方向から高エネルギービームが照射されることによって形成されていることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項1ないし請求項13のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記溶融部は、前記接地電極と前記貴金属チップとの境界に対して斜めの方向から高エネルギービームが照射されることによって形成されていることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
- 請求項1ないし請求項14のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグであって、 前記溶融部は、前記接地電極と前記貴金属チップとの境界に対してファイバーレーザまたは電子ビームが照射されることによって形成されていることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
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EP14169825.8A EP2790281B1 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-25 | Spark plug |
EP10758218.1A EP2416462B1 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-25 | Spark plug |
US13/138,779 US8624473B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-25 | Spark plug |
CN2010800116385A CN102349207B (zh) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-25 | 火花塞 |
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WO2012042801A1 (ja) | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-05 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ |
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US9028289B2 (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2015-05-12 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Electron beam welded electrode for industrial spark plugs |
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JP6347818B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-16 | 2018-06-27 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 点火プラグ |
US9837797B2 (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-12-05 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Ignition plug |
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Also Published As
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KR20120003924A (ko) | 2012-01-11 |
US20120019120A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
CN102349207A (zh) | 2012-02-08 |
EP2790281A3 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
US8624473B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 |
JP4619443B2 (ja) | 2011-01-26 |
EP2790281A2 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
EP2416462A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
EP2416462A4 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
CN102349207B (zh) | 2013-09-11 |
EP2416462B1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
EP2790281B1 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
JP2010238498A (ja) | 2010-10-21 |
KR101550090B1 (ko) | 2015-09-03 |
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