WO2010101272A1 - 発光素子形成用複合基板、発光ダイオード素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
発光素子形成用複合基板、発光ダイオード素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H10H20/824—Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP
- H10H20/825—Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP containing nitrogen, e.g. GaN
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- H10H20/013—Manufacture or treatment of bodies, e.g. forming semiconductor layers having light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials
- H10H20/0133—Manufacture or treatment of bodies, e.g. forming semiconductor layers having light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials with a substrate not being Group III-V materials
- H10H20/01335—Manufacture or treatment of bodies, e.g. forming semiconductor layers having light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials with a substrate not being Group III-V materials the light-emitting regions comprising nitride materials
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light emitting element forming substrate, and particularly to a light emitting element forming composite substrate using a light conversion material substrate and a method for forming the same.
- the most common current white light-emitting diode element is, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, emits yellow light by absorbing part of the blue light over the entire surface of the light-emitting element that emits blue light.
- a coating layer containing a phosphor and a mold layer for mixing the blue light of the light source with the yellow light from the coating layer are provided, and a pseudo white color is obtained by mixing blue and yellow in a complementary color relationship. It is.
- an Al 2 O 3 (0001) surface of a material having a structure in which Al 2 O 3 and Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce are continuously and three-dimensionally intertwined is defined as a main surface.
- a white light-emitting diode element in which a blue diode element having a light-emitting layer made of InGaN is formed on the above-described substrate has been reported.
- the white light-emitting diode element according to this report directly enters blue light emitted from the light-emitting layer into the substrate, transmits blue light as it is in the Al 2 O 3 phase, and is homogeneous in the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce phase.
- a method has been proposed in which uniform yellow light with uniform color is obtained by emitting light with a simple yellow light without using a coating layer containing phosphor powder and efficiently extracting light with a light emitting chip alone.
- Patent Document 2 it is difficult to form an element having a characteristic equal to or better than that of a conventional blue light-emitting diode element on a light conversion material substrate using a known technique, and an excellent white color There is a limit to obtaining a light emitting diode element. This is because the light conversion material substrate has different phases such as an Al 2 O 3 phase and a Y 3 Al 5 O 12 phase.
- a conventional blue light emitting diode element uses sapphire having a similar crystal structure or GaN having the same crystal structure as a substrate.
- the GaN layer is preferentially formed on the Al 2 O 3 phase.
- a GaN layer cannot be formed on the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce phase, which has a large lattice mismatch rate with GaN, and even if it can be formed, surface smoothness and crystallinity are poor. The characteristic is lowered.
- the present invention can easily form a high-quality nitride-based light-emitting diode on the upper surface, and the obtained light-emitting diode with a substrate can emit light of any color such as white.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a composite substrate for forming a light emitting element that functions as a simple light emitting element.
- the present inventor has found that two or more oxide layers including an Al 2 O 3 phase and an oxide phase emitting at least one fluorescence are continuous and three-dimensional.
- a nitride layer containing Al is formed by a specific method on a light conversion material substrate having a structure intertwined with each other, and an AlN layer having a flat surface with few defects is formed on the outermost surface. It was found that a good GaN-based light emitting diode element can be formed and a good light emitting diode element can be obtained, and the present invention has been made based on this finding.
- a light conversion material substrate that emits at least a part of incident light as light having a different wavelength from a surface opposite to the incident surface, and at least two or more layers including Al formed on the light conversion material substrate
- the nitride layer is a first layer comprising a nitride layer containing Al formed on each oxide phase constituting the light conversion material substrate.
- a second substrate composed of a continuous AlN layer that is flat and free of defects on the surface formed on the first layer.
- the second layer has a dislocation density of 1 ⁇ 10 12 / cm 2 or less, and more preferably has a surface roughness (root mean square roughness RMS) of 5 nm or less.
- the first layer and the second layer form a uniform continuous layer over all of the two or more oxide phases of the light conversion material substrate. It is characterized by that.
- the first layer and the second layer in the light conversion material substrate are substantially free of voids.
- the oxide phase which emits fluorescence of the light converting material substrate in the present invention Y 3 Al 5 O 12: a Ce phase, Al 2 O 3 (0001) plane and the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (111 ) plane Is the main surface.
- the first Al-containing nitride layer and the second AlN layer are crystal-grown by MOCVD on the light conversion material substrate.
- the nitride layer containing Al of the first layer in the present invention is AlN.
- the first layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the second layer is 2 to 9 ⁇ m.
- the present invention is a light emitting diode element in which a semiconductor light emitting layer is formed on the composite substrate for forming a light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein light obtained by wavelength-converting at least part of light from the semiconductor light emitting layer is formed as the light emitting element.
- the present invention relates to a light emitting diode element having a function of radiating from a composite substrate.
- the present invention is a light emitting diode element in which a semiconductor light emitting layer for emitting blue light is formed on the light emitting element forming composite substrate according to claim 2, and a light obtained by wavelength-converting a part of the light from the semiconductor light emitting layer.
- the present invention also relates to a white light emitting diode element having a function of emitting light from the light emitting element forming composite substrate together with light from a semiconductor light emitting layer.
- At least a part of incident light is emitted as light having a different wavelength from a surface opposite to the incident surface, and includes two or more including an Al 2 O 3 phase and at least one oxide phase emitting fluorescence.
- the substrate of the light conversion material having a structure in which the oxide layers are continuously and three-dimensionally entangled with each other is heat-treated at 1000 to 1300 ° C. in a mixed gas atmosphere of H 2 gas, N 2 gas, and NH 3 gas.
- a third step of forming a layer of It relates to the aforementioned method of manufacturing a light-emitting element for forming a composite substrate (claim 1), characterized in that.
- first step, the second step, and the third step in the present invention are performed by MOCVD.
- the molar ratio of Al in the organometallic compound gas containing N and Al in the NH 3 gas in the third step in the present invention is the organic ratio containing N and Al in the NH 3 gas in the second step. It is characterized by being smaller than the molar ratio of Al in the metal compound gas.
- the heat treatment time in the step 1 in the present invention is 10 to 90 minutes.
- the nitride layer containing Al in the present invention is made of AlN.
- the composite substrate for forming a light emitting element has a nitride layer containing Al and an outermost surface of AlN on a light conversion material substrate comprising an Al 2 O 3 phase and an oxide phase containing a fluorescent activator. Since the surface smoothness and crystallinity of the outermost AlN layer are good, a high-quality light-emitting diode element that easily emits any emission color can be obtained by using this composite substrate.
- the obtained light-emitting diode element with a substrate can be mixed with the fluorescence of the light conversion material substrate, and can emit any color with good characteristics.
- the activator that emits fluorescence is Ce
- yellow light is emitted, and a blue light-emitting diode is formed on a composite substrate for light-emitting element formation using Ce as an activator.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional shape of a composite substrate for forming a light emitting element of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional SEM photograph of a composite substrate for forming a light emitting device showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows PL measurement results of the light emitting layer formed on the composite substrate for forming a light emitting element of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional SEM photograph of the first layer formed on the light conversion material substrate shown as a comparison.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional SEM photograph of GaN formed on a light conversion material substrate as a comparison through a GaN buffer layer.
- the composite substrate for forming a light emitting element of the present invention will be described.
- the light conversion material substrate constituting the composite substrate for forming a light emitting element of the present invention at least two or more oxide phases selected from a single metal oxide and a composite metal oxide are mutually and continuously three-dimensionally. It is made of a solidified body formed in entanglement, at least one of the oxide phases in the solidified body is an Al 2 O 3 crystal phase, and at least one of the oxide phases in the solidified body is fluorescent.
- the metal element oxide which emits is contained.
- the Al 2 O 3 crystal phase has a property of transmitting ultraviolet light, visible light, and infrared light having a wavelength of 200 to 4000 nm.
- the light conversion material substrate constituting the composite substrate for forming a light emitting element of the present invention transmits at least one light (for example, blue light) from a light emitting layer in which at least an Al 2 O 3 crystal phase is formed on the substrate.
- the fluorescent layer absorbs light from the light emitting layer to emit fluorescent light (for example, yellow light), the transmitted light and fluorescent light are mixed, and the mixed light (for example, white light) is a light conversion material substrate.
- the mixed light for example, white light
- the single metal oxide is an oxide of one kind of metal
- the composite metal oxide is an oxide of two or more kinds of metals. Each oxide is in a single crystal state and has a three-dimensionally entangled structure.
- Examples of such a single metal oxide include Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , MgO, SiO 2 , TiO 2 , BaO, BeO, CaO, Cr 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , CeO 2, Pr 6 O 11, Nd 2 O 3, Sm 2 O 3, Gd 2 O 3, Eu 2 O 3, Tb 4 O 7, Dy 2 O 3, Ho 2 O 3, Er 2 O 3, Tm 2 Examples thereof include rare earth element oxides such as O 3 , Yb 2 O 3 , and Lu 2 O 3 .
- the LaAlO 3 is a composite metal oxide, CeAlO 3, PrAlO 3, NdAlO 3, SmAlO 3, EuAlO 3, GdAlO 3, DyAlO 3, ErAlO 3, Yb 4 Al 2 O 9, Y 3 Al 5 O 12, Er 3 Al 5 O 12, Tb 3 Al 5 O 12, 11Al 2 O 3 ⁇ La 2 O 3, 11Al 2 O 3 ⁇ Nd 2 O 3, 3Dy 2 O 3 ⁇ 5Al 2 O 3, 2Dy 2 O 3 ⁇ Al 2 O 3, 11Al 2 O 3 ⁇ Pr 2 O 3, EuAl 11 O 18, 2Gd 2 O 3 ⁇ Al 2 O 3, 11Al 2 O 3 ⁇ Sm 2 O 3, Yb 3 Al 5 O 12, CeAl 11 O 18, Er 4 Al 2 O 9 or the like.
- the at least two or more oxide phases selected from the single metal oxide and the composite metal oxide of the light conversion material substrate are not limited as dimensions of each phase on the substrate surface.
- the major axis of the metal oxide phase has dimensions of several tens of micrometers to several hundreds of micrometers, and the minor axis has dimensions of several micrometers to several tens of micrometers.
- the light conversion material substrate constituting the present invention is composed of two or more types of oxide phases, and the refractive indexes of the individual oxide phases are different. As a result, total reflection on the inner surface of the substrate hardly occurs, and good light extraction efficiency can be obtained. Further, since the light conversion material substrate is also a phosphor, uniform fluorescence can be emitted by light from the light emitting layer in the semiconductor layer.
- a garnet-type crystal single crystal that is a composite metal oxide activated with Ce in an oxide phase that emits fluorescence is preferable.
- the garnet-type crystal is represented by a structural formula of A 3 X 5 O 12 , and A in the structural formula is one or more elements selected from the group of Y, Tb, Sm, Gd, La, Er, It is particularly preferred that one contains at least one element selected from Al and Ga.
- Y 3 Al 5 O 12 activated with Ce is preferable because it emits strong fluorescence.
- the light conversion material substrate is composed of an Al 2 O 3 single crystal and a Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce single crystal, and each oxide phase is formed continuously and three-dimensionally intertwined with each other. As a whole, it is composed of two single crystal phases.
- the cut-out orientation of the light conversion material has an Al 2 O 3 (0001) plane and a Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (111) plane as main surfaces.
- the first layer constituting the present invention is composed of a nitride layer containing Al, but this nitride layer may be a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the first layer is made of a nitride layer containing Al, so that a uniform continuous film is formed between the Al 2 O 3 phase constituting the light conversion material substrate and at least one of the oxide phases emitting fluorescence. It is possible to form.
- the uniform continuous film refers to a film in which the first layer is formed on the entire surface of the substrate and the first layer has no discontinuous region (the discontinuous layer in FIG. 5 and the continuous layer in FIGS. 2 and 4). Contrast with layer).
- the first layer forms a uniform continuous layer over all phases of two or more oxide phases of the light conversion material substrate.
- the substrate, the first layer, and the second layer are continuous in the direction perpendicular to the substrate over the entire surface of the substrate, and preferably a gap (between the substrate and the second layer) Voids due to imperfections in the continuity of the first layer are not substantially formed.
- the first layer has a role as a buffer layer when forming the second layer made of the AlN layer.
- the Al 2 O 3 phase and the Y 3 Al 5 O are formed.
- the second layer formed on each of the 12 phases it is possible to form a second layer that does not include crystal grain boundaries, has few crystal defects such as dislocations, and has excellent surface smoothness.
- the first layer includes Al represented by In x Al y Ga 1-xy N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1) such as AlN, AlGaN, and InAlGaN.
- a nitride layer is preferable, and among them, it is possible to form a uniform continuous film between both the Al 2 O 3 phase constituting the light conversion material substrate and at least one of the oxide phases emitting fluorescence,
- the first layer is particularly preferably a single layer of AlN because of the effect of preventing the surface smoothness and crystallinity of the second layer and the semiconductor layer from being deteriorated.
- the film thickness in the first layer is 0.1 ⁇ m or less, a step is likely to occur between the Al 2 O 3 phase and the other oxide phase, and if the film thickness is 5 ⁇ m or more, cracks are likely to occur on the surface. Therefore, the film thickness of the first layer is preferably 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the light conversion material substrate is composed of an Al 2 O 3 layer and a Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce phase, and the first layer When is a single layer of AlN, it is preferably 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the second layer constituting the present invention is made of AlN.
- the first layer is intended to form a uniform continuous film between the Al 2 O 3 phase constituting the light conversion material substrate and at least one of the oxide phases emitting fluorescence, and is suitable for that purpose. Since the first layer is formed under different growth conditions, pits, irregularities, defects and the like are easily generated on the surface, and the surface smoothness tends to be low (see FIG. 4).
- a second layer made of AlN on the first layer and adjusting the growth conditions of the second layer, surface pits and irregularities generated in the first layer
- a high-quality semiconductor layer can be formed, and as a result, the characteristics of the light-emitting diode element can be improved.
- the distinction between the first layer and the second layer is the Al 2 O 3 phase constituting the light conversion material substrate. It can be distinguished by the dislocation density of the first layer and the second layer on the oxide phase other than the above, and the first layer has a higher dislocation density than the second layer.
- the dislocation density of the second layer made of AlN in the present invention can be 1 ⁇ 10 12 / cm 2 or less. Preferably 1 ⁇ 10 10 / cm 2 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 9 / cm 2 or less. Since the second layer made of AlN has such a low dislocation density, a high-quality semiconductor layer, particularly a nitride compound semiconductor layer, can be formed on the second layer.
- the second layer made of AlN of the composite substrate for forming a light emitting element of the present invention can have a surface roughness (root mean square roughness RMS) of 5 nm or less.
- the thickness is preferably 2 nm or less, more preferably 1 nm or less, and particularly preferably 0.7 nm or less.
- the second layer made of AlN having such a low planar smoothness is suitable for forming a high-quality semiconductor layer, particularly a nitride compound semiconductor layer, on the second layer.
- AlN is formed on the substrate surface in the second layer as compared with the first layer.
- a growth condition in which the ratio between the growth rate in the parallel direction and the growth rate in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is larger is preferable.
- a growth condition in which the growth rate of AlN in the direction parallel to the substrate surface is faster than the growth rate in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is more preferable. More preferably, the ratio between the growth rate in the parallel direction and the growth rate in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is larger.
- the second layer By forming the second layer under such AlN growth conditions, the surface pits, irregularities, defects, etc. generated when forming the first layer are reduced, and the surface having excellent surface smoothness is obtained. Two layers can be obtained.
- AlN As a condition for realizing the growth in which the rate of growth of AlN in the second layer is higher in the direction parallel to the substrate surface than in the second layer compared to the first layer, for example, AlN is grown at a temperature higher than the growth temperature in the case where the first layer is made of AlN, and the N / Al ratio (molar ratio) between the Al source and the N source in the vapor phase growth method is Although it can mention making it smaller than N / Al ratio in the case of consisting of AlN, it is not limited to these.
- the film thickness of the second layer is preferably 2 to 9 ⁇ m. If the film thickness of the second layer is less than 2 ⁇ m, the surface pits and irregularities may not be completely embedded in the first layer, and the surface crystallinity and smoothness tend to deteriorate. On the other hand, if the film thickness exceeds 9 ⁇ m, cracks and abnormal nuclei are likely to occur.
- the film thickness is preferably 5 to 7 ⁇ m.
- the light-emitting diode element of the present invention can be obtained by forming a semiconductor layer including a light-emitting layer on the above-described composite substrate for forming a light-emitting element.
- the semiconductor layer including the light emitting layer is formed of a nitride-based compound semiconductor represented by In x Al y Ga 1-xy N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1). It is preferable.
- the light emitting layer is preferably composed of at least a nitride layer that emits visible light.
- the visible light passes through the light conversion material substrate constituting the composite substrate for forming a light emitting element of the present invention, it is converted into fluorescence converted into wavelength. New pseudo light can be obtained in accordance with the wavelength of the light mixed by mixing the previous visible light.
- the visible light preferably emits purple to blue having a wavelength of 400 to 500 nm.
- the emission color is purple to blue
- light from the light emitting layer constitutes the light conversion material substrate Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :
- yellow fluorescence is generated from the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce crystal, and purple to blue light is transmitted as it is in the Al 2 O 3 crystal. Since these lights are mixed and emitted by the tissue in which the light conversion material substrate is continuously and three-dimensionally entangled with each other, a uniform white color with no color unevenness can be obtained.
- the solidified body constituting the light conversion material substrate is produced by melting and solidifying the raw metal oxide.
- the raw metal oxide for example, it is possible to obtain a solidified body by a simple method of cooling and condensing a melt charged in a crucible held at a predetermined temperature while controlling the cooling temperature, and most preferably one produced by a unidirectional solidification method. is there. This is because the crystal phases contained by unidirectional solidification grow continuously in a single crystal, and each phase has a single crystal orientation.
- the following first to third steps can form the semiconductor layer of the light emitting diode element in the same apparatus. Are preferred.
- the first step after introducing the light conversion material substrate into the MOCVD apparatus, in order to remove the adsorbed gas, dust and the like on the substrate surface, H 2 gas and N 2 gas are flowed, and the temperature is 1000 ⁇ .
- Thermal cleaning is performed at 1300 ° C. for 5 to 15 minutes.
- the temperature of the thermal cleaning in particular, the temperature at which the nitride layer is formed on the substrate or higher, can suppress the influence on the film quality due to degassing at the temperature at the time of forming the nitride layer. it can.
- H 2 gas, N 2 gas, and NH 3 gas are flowed at a temperature of 1000 to 1300 ° C., and nitriding treatment is performed for about 10 to 120 minutes in order to form a thin nitride film layer on the substrate surface.
- This nitride film layer is a layer that becomes a nucleus when forming a nitride layer containing Al directly on the substrate, and in particular, the other oxide phase constituting the light conversion material substrate is a Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce phase.
- a nitriding treatment of 90 minutes at a pressure of 76 Torr, a temperature of 1270 ° C., an H 2 gas flow rate of 12 slm, an N 2 gas flow rate of 3 slm, and an NH 3 gas of 50 sccm is preferable.
- a first layer made of a nitride layer containing Al is formed. Its nitride layer formed directly on the substrate when the In x Al y Ga 1-x -y N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1,0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1,0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1) are preferably used, first
- the formation temperature of the layer can be formed in the range of 400 to 1300 ° C. In particular, the formation temperature is preferably 1000 to 1300 ° C. in order to form a nitride layer over the entire surface of the light conversion material substrate.
- the first layer is formed on, for example, an AlGaN buffer layer formed at a desired temperature on an AlN buffer layer formed at a temperature of 400 to 600 ° C., or an AlN buffer layer formed at a temperature of 400 to 600 ° C.
- a multilayer film composed of an AlN layer or the like formed at a temperature higher than the layer formation temperature may be used.
- the phase constituting the light conversion material substrate is an Al 2 O 3 phase and a Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce phase, since the best film can be formed between both phases, a single layer of AlN is preferable.
- the formation conditions of the AlN layer depend on the MOCVD apparatus configuration and are not general, but in general, the pressure is 50 to 100 Torr (6.7 ⁇ 10 3 to 1.3 ⁇ 10 4 Pa), the temperature is 1000 to It is preferably 1300 ° C., H 2 gas flow rate 10-14 slm, N 2 gas flow rate 0.5-3 slm, NH 3 gas 20-100 sccm, and aluminum source gas 20-100 sccm such as TMA (trimethylaluminum) gas.
- the aluminum source gas may be TEA (triethylaluminum) gas in addition to TMA (trimethylaluminum) gas.
- the pressure is preferably 76 Torr
- the temperature is 1270 ° C.
- the H 2 gas flow rate is 12 slm
- the N 2 gas flow rate is 3 slm
- the NH 3 gas is 50 sccm
- the TMA (trimethylaluminum) gas is 50 sccm.
- a second layer made of AlN is formed on the first layer.
- the second layer made of AlN is a layer that reduces surface irregularities, pits, and dislocation density in the first layer.
- the growth conditions for forming the second layer made of AlN having a surface with a lower dislocation density and a lower surface smoothness than the first layer include the second layer as compared with the first layer. In this case, a growth condition in which the ratio of the rate at which AlN grows in the direction parallel to the substrate surface and the rate at which AlN grows in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is larger is preferable.
- a growth condition in which the growth rate of AlN in the direction parallel to the substrate surface is faster than the growth rate in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is more preferable. More preferably, the ratio between the growth rate in the parallel direction and the growth rate in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is larger.
- the molar ratio of N in the NH 3 gas when forming the second layer and Al in the organometallic compound gas containing Al is such that the NH 3 in forming the first layer is NH 3. Since it is important that it is smaller than the molar ratio of Al in the organometallic compound gas containing N and Al in the gas, it is not limited, but the aluminum raw material for forming the first layer of AlN
- the ratio of the supply amount of N source gas (NH 3 gas) to the supply amount of gas (molar ratio of N to Al) is generally preferably 80 to 110, more preferably 90 to 100, and second
- the ratio of the supply amount of the N source gas (NH 3 gas) to the supply amount of the aluminum source gas when forming AlN, which is the layer of (N 3 ), is preferably 57 or less, preferably 19 or less. Is more preferable.
- the formation temperature is preferably 1350 to 1480 ° C.
- the formation condition of the AlN layer depends on the configuration of the MOCVD apparatus in order to obtain a good second layer.
- Pressure 50 to 100 Torr (6.7 ⁇ 10 3 to 1.3 ⁇ 10 4 Pa)
- temperature 1350 to 1480 ° C. H 2 gas flow rate 4 to 14 slm
- N 2 gas flow rate 0.5 to 3 slm
- NH 3 gas 5 to 20 sccm preferably 20 to 100 sccm of an aluminum source gas such as TMA (trimethylaluminum) gas.
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- the aluminum source gas may be TEM (triethylaluminum) in addition to TMA (trimethylaluminum) gas.
- the pressure is 76 Torr
- the temperature is 1410 ° C.
- the H 2 gas flow rate is 12 slm
- the N 2 gas flow rate is 3 slm
- the NH 3 gas is 10 sccm
- the aluminum raw material gas is 50 sccm such as TMA gas.
- the formation condition of the second layer is characterized in that, first, the growth temperature is higher than the formation condition of the first layer. Furthermore, it is preferable that the ratio of the supply amount of the N source gas (NH 3 gas) to the supply amount of the aluminum source gas is small. That is, when forming the second layer, AlN, not only the growth temperature is higher, but also the molar ratio of nitrogen atoms to aluminum atoms in the raw material is lower than the molar ratio of the first layer. In addition, it is preferable to set NH 3 gas and TMA gas (at this time, N 2 gas is inert and is not a raw material of AlN, so the amount thereof is not considered).
- the growth rate of the formed AlN grows in a direction parallel to the substrate surface and grows in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface.
- the rate of the growth rate becomes a growth mode larger than that of the first layer, and further the growth rate of the formed AlN grows in a direction parallel to the substrate surface and grows in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface.
- This encourages greater growth conditions. Thereby, it is possible to more suitably reduce the surface irregularities, pits, and dislocation density in the first layer, and the first oxide layer that does not include crystal grain boundaries on each oxide layer constituting the light conversion material substrate. Two layers can be obtained.
- a desired semiconductor layer may be crystal-grown by a known method on the light emitting element forming composite substrate of the present invention.
- the composite substrate for forming a light-emitting element of the present invention is characterized in that a desired semiconductor layer can be directly formed on the outermost surface as a second layer, and another layer (intermediate layer therebetween). Layer) may be interposed.
- the crystal growth method of the semiconductor layer or the intermediate layer may be either a liquid phase method or a vapor phase method.
- a light emitting diode The semiconductor layer is preferably formed by MOCVD.
- the nitride layer constituting the composite substrate for forming a light-emitting element of the present invention has good surface crystallinity, surface smoothness, and the like, In x Al y Ga 1-xy N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1) can be epitaxially grown.
- Example 1 ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 powder (purity 99.99%) and Y 2 O 3 powder (purity 99.999%) in a molar ratio of 82:18, and CeO 2 powder (purity 99.99%) Were weighed so that the amount of Y 3 Al 5 O 12 produced by the reaction of the oxide was 1 mol. These powders were wet mixed in ethanol by a ball mill for 16 hours, and then ethanol was removed using an evaporator to obtain a raw material powder. The raw material powder was preliminarily melted in a vacuum furnace and used as a raw material for unidirectional solidification.
- this raw material was directly charged into a molybdenum crucible and set in a unidirectional solidification apparatus, and the raw material was melted under a pressure of 1.33 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa (10 ⁇ 5 Torr).
- the crucible was lowered at a rate of 5 mm / hour in the same atmosphere to obtain a solidified body composed of garnet-type crystals Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce and ⁇ -type aluminum oxide crystals Al 2 O 3 . .
- the light conversion material substrate was cut out so that the (0001) plane of the Al 2 O 3 crystal and the (111) plane of the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce crystal were the main plane. Then, the substrate was polished and washed to obtain a light conversion material substrate having a thickness of 0.43 mm.
- the obtained light conversion material substrate was introduced into the MOCVD apparatus chamber, and the pressure was set to 76 Torr (1 ⁇ 10 4 Pa) in a mixed gas atmosphere with an H 2 gas flow rate of 12 slm and an N 2 gas flow rate of 3 slm.
- the temperature of the substrate was raised to 1270 ° C., thermal cleaning was performed for 5 minutes, and then the substrate surface was nitrided by flowing for 90 minutes at an NH 3 gas flow rate of 50 sccm.
- the growth temperature is the same pressure with an H 2 gas flow rate of 12 slm, an N 2 gas flow rate of 3 slm, an NH 3 gas flow rate of 50 sccm, and a TMA (trimethylaluminum) gas flow rate of 50 sccm.
- H 2 gas flow rate 12 slm
- N 2 gas flow rate 3 slm
- NH 3 gas flow rate 50 sccm
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- a reaction is performed for 90 minutes at a growth temperature of 1410 ° C. at the same pressure with an H 2 gas flow rate of 12 slm, an N 2 gas flow rate of 3 slm, an NH 3 gas flow rate of 10 sccm, and a TMA gas flow rate of 50 sccm.
- a second layer made of AlN was formed to a thickness of about 6 ⁇ m.
- substrate obtained by the above is shown in FIG.
- the white portion 6 in the light conversion material substrate 1 of FIG. 2 is the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce phase and the black portion 7 is the Al 2 O 3 phase.
- the first layer 2 is formed on the Al 2 O 3 phase and the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce phase, and the second layer 3 formed on the first layer 2 is continuously connected. It was found that the surface was flattened.
- the dislocation density was ⁇ 1.1 ⁇ 10 9 / cm 2 and the crystallinity was good.
- the surface root mean square roughness (RSM) was 0.69 mm.
- the obtained light-emitting element for forming a composite substrate H 2 gas, NH 3 gas, TMG using (trimethyl gallium) gas, a GaN layer is formed in known manner by the MOCVD method, further H 2 thereon A gas, N 2 gas, NH 3 gas, TMG gas, and TMI (trimethylindium) gas were used to form a three-layer quantum well structure type light emitting layer composed of an InGaN well layer and a barrier layer.
- FIG. 3 shows the PL (photoluminescence) measurement results of the light emitting layer obtained as described above.
- FIG. 3 shows that light emission having a wavelength peak of 422 nm was obtained, and it was found that a high-quality light-emitting layer could be formed on the composite substrate for forming a light-emitting element in the above example.
- Comparative Example 1 In order to confirm the effects of the above examples, as Comparative Example 1, a composite substrate for forming a light emitting element was formed by the following method.
- the light conversion material substrate was introduced into the MOCVD chamber, and the substrate surface was cleaned and nitrided under the same conditions as in Example 1 to form a first layer made of an AlN layer.
- FIG. 4 A cross-sectional SEM photograph of the obtained substrate is shown in FIG.
- the white portion 6 in the figure is the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce phase and the black portion 7 is the Al 2 O 3 phase.
- the first layer 2 formed on the light conversion material substrate has a flat film formed on the Al 2 O 3 phase, but the surface irregularities on the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce phase. was large and the smoothness was poor (RSM 5.262 nm). Further, as a result of observing the vicinity of the surface of the first layer by TEM observation, there were many dislocations, and dislocation density evaluation was impossible.
- the GaN layer located on the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce phase was a polycrystalline layer containing many dislocations and crystal defects such as crystal grain boundaries.
- PL (photoluminescence) measurement it is found that there are many non-light emitting regions in the light emitting layer on the light emitting layer, regardless of the Al 2 O 3 phase and Y 3 Al 5 O 12 phase, and the light emitting characteristics are poor. It was.
- Comparative Example 2 In order to confirm the effects of the above examples, without using the method for manufacturing a composite substrate for forming a light emitting device of the present invention as Comparative Example 2, formation of a GaN layer on a light conversion material substrate by a known method shown below, An attempt was made to form a three-layer quantum well structure type light emitting layer comprising an InGaN well layer and a barrier layer on the GaN layer.
- the light conversion material substrate is introduced into the MOCVD apparatus chamber, the substrate surface is cleaned and nitrided at 1100 ° C., the temperature is lowered to 500 ° C., and the H 2 gas is applied onto the cleaned and nitrided light conversion material substrate.
- a GaN buffer layer was formed using N 2 gas, NH 3 gas, and TMG gas. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 1100 ° C., and the growth temperature was set to 1100 ° C. using H 2 gas, N 2 gas, NH 3 gas, and TMG gas to form a GaN layer (thickness: about 5 ⁇ m).
- FIG. 5 A cross-sectional SEM photograph of the obtained GaN layer is shown in FIG.
- the white portion 6 in the figure is the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce phase and the black portion 7 is the Al 2 O 3 phase.
- the GaN layer formed on the light conversion material substrate can form a GaN layer on the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce phase, although a flat GaN layer is formed on the Al 2 O 3 phase.
- a step was generated between the GaN layer on the Al 2 O 3 phase and the GaN layer on the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 phase.
- the light emitting element forming substrate provided by the present invention, the forming method thereof, and the light emitting element using the light conversion element forming substrate are industrially useful.
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明における前記第1の層の膜厚は0.1~5μmであることを特徴とする。
また、本発明における前記第2の層の膜厚は2~9μmであることを特徴とする。
図2は本発明の実施形態を示す発光素子形成用複合基板の断面SEM写真である。
図3は本発明の発光素子形成用複合基板上に形成した発光層のPL測定結果である。
図4は比較として示す光変換材料基板上に形成した第1の層の断面SEM写真である。
図5は比較として示す光変換材料基板上にGaNバッファ層を介して形成したGaNの断面SEM写真である。
第1の層より転位密度が少なく表面平滑性が小さい表面を有するAlNからなる第2の層を形成する成長条件としては、先に述べたように、第1の層と比べて第2の層において、AlNが基板表面に対して平行方向に成長する速度と基板表面に対して垂直方向に成長する速度との比がより大きい成長条件が好ましい。さらには、第2の層において、AlNが基板表面に対して平行方向に成長する速度が基板表面に対して垂直方向に成長する速度よりも速い成長条件がより好ましく、またAlNが基板表面に対して平行方向に成長する速度と基板表面に対して垂直方向に成長する速度と比がより大きいことがより好ましい。
α−Al2O3粉末(純度99.99%)とY2O3粉末(純度99.999%)をモル比で82:18となるよう、また、CeO2粉末(純度99.99%)を仕込み酸化物の反応により生成するY3Al5O12が1モルとなるように秤量した。これらの粉末をエタノール中、ボールミルによって16時間湿式混合した後、エバポレーターを用いてエタノールを脱媒して原料粉末を得た。原料粉末は真空炉中で予備溶解し一方向凝固の原料とした。
上記実施例の効果を確認するために、比較例1として、以下のような方法で発光素子形成用複合基板を形成した。
上記実施例の効果を確認するため、比較例2として本発明の発光素子形成用複合基板の製造方法を用いず、以下に示す公知の方法で光変換材料基板上へのGaN層の形成と、そのGaN層上へのInGaN井戸層・障壁層からなる3層量子井戸構造型発光層の形成を試みた。
2 第1の層
3 第2の層
4 半導体層
5 発光素子形成用複合基板
6 Y3Al5O12:Ce相
7 Al2O3相
Claims (16)
- 入射した光の少なくとも一部を波長の異なる光として入射面とは反対側の面から放射する光変換材料基板と、前記光変換材料基板上に形成されたAlを含む少なくとも2層以上の窒化物層とを有する発光素子形成用複合基板であり、前記光変換材料基板は、Al2O3相と少なくとも1つの蛍光を発する酸化物相とを含む、2つ以上の酸化物相が連続的かつ三次元的に相互に絡み合った組織を有し、前記窒化物層は光変換材料基板上に形成されたAlを含む窒化物層からなる第1の層と、1×1012/cm2以下の転位密度のAlNからなる第2の層を有する、発光素子形成用複合基板。
- 前記第1の層及び前記第2の層は、前記光変換材料基板の前記2つ以上の酸化物相の全ての相上にわたって、均一な連続層を成し、かつ空隙を実質的に含まない、請求項1に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板。
- 前記第2の層が表面粗さ(二乗平均平方根粗さRMS)5nm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板。
- 前記光変換材料基板の蛍光を発する酸化物相はY3Al5O12:Ce相である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板。
- 前記光変換材料基板は前記Al2O3結晶の(0001)と前記Y3Al5O12:Ce結晶の(111)を主面とする、請求項4に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板。
- 前記第1の層のAlを含む窒化物層および前記第2の層のAlN層は前記光変換材料基板上にMOCVD法により結晶成長されている、請求1~5のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板。
- 前記第1の層のAlを含む窒化物層はAlNである、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板。
- 前記第1の層の膜厚は0.5~5μmである、請求項7に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板。
- 前記第2の層の膜厚は4~9μmである、請求項7または8に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板上に半導体発光層を形成した発光ダイオード素子であり、半導体発光層からの光の少なくとも一部を波長変換した光を前記発光素子形成用複合基板から放射する機能を有する発光ダイオード素子。
- 請求項4~9のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板上に青色を発光する半導体発光層を形成した発光ダイオード素子であり、半導体発光層からの光の一部を波長変換した光を、半導体発光層からの光とともに、前記発光素子形成用複合基板から放射する機能を有する白色発光ダイオード素子。
- 入射した光の少なくとも一部を波長の異なる光として入射面とは反対側の面から放射する、Al2O3相と少なくとも1つの蛍光を発する酸化物相を含む2つ以上の酸化物層が連続的かつ三次元的に相互に絡み合った組織を有する光変換材料基板をH2ガス、N2ガス、NH3ガスの混合ガス雰囲気のもと1000~1300℃で熱処理を行う第1の工程と、前記光変換材料基板上に少なくともH2ガス、N2ガス、NH3ガスとAlを含む有機金属化合物ガスを供給し、Alを含む窒化物層からなる第1の層を形成する第2の工程と、前記第1の層上にH2ガス、N2ガス、NH3ガス、Alを含む有機金属化合物ガスの混合ガスを供給し1350~1480℃でAlNからなる第2の層を形成する第3の工程を有する、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板の製造方法。
- 前記第1の工程、前記第2の工程及び前記第3の工程は、MOCVD法によって行われる、請求項12に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板の製造方法。
- 前記第3の工程におけるNH3ガス中のNとAlを含む有機金属化合物ガス中のAlのモル比が、前記第2の工程におけるNH3ガス中のNとAlを含む有機金属化合物ガス中のAlのモル比よりも小さい、請求項12又は13に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板の製造方法。
- 前記第1の工程における熱処理時間は10~90分である、請求項12~14のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板の製造方法。
- 前記Alを含む窒化物層はAlNからなる、請求項12~15のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子形成用複合基板の製造方法。
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JP5668339B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-30 | 2015-02-12 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
DE102011012298A1 (de) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-06-28 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Verbundsubstrat, Halbleiterchip mit Verbundsubstrat und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundsubstraten und Halbleiterchips |
WO2014034338A1 (ja) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-06 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 複合基板、その製造方法、13族元素窒化物からなる機能層の製造方法および機能素子 |
KR20140032811A (ko) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-03-17 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 백라이트 유닛 및 이를 구비한 액정 디스플레이 장치 |
JP6040898B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-09 | 2016-12-07 | 豊田合成株式会社 | Iii 族窒化物半導体発光素子の製造方法および製造装置および基板のクリーニング方法 |
US9460917B2 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2016-10-04 | Translucent, Inc. | Method of growing III-N semiconductor layer on Si substrate |
DE102015101330A1 (de) * | 2015-01-29 | 2016-08-04 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Konversion der Wellenlänge einer elektromagnetischen Strahlung |
JP6810406B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-06 | 2021-01-06 | 株式会社サイオクス | 窒化物半導体テンプレートの製造方法 |
JP2018155968A (ja) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-10-04 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 透光性部材の製造方法及び発光装置の製造方法 |
KR102374879B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-19 | 2022-03-15 | 가부시키가이샤 사무코 | Ⅲ족 질화물 반도체 기판의 제조 방법 |
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