WO2010098256A1 - マルテンサイト鋳鋼材及びマルテンサイト鋳鋼品の製造方法 - Google Patents
マルテンサイト鋳鋼材及びマルテンサイト鋳鋼品の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010098256A1 WO2010098256A1 PCT/JP2010/052510 JP2010052510W WO2010098256A1 WO 2010098256 A1 WO2010098256 A1 WO 2010098256A1 JP 2010052510 W JP2010052510 W JP 2010052510W WO 2010098256 A1 WO2010098256 A1 WO 2010098256A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2261/00—Machining or cutting being involved
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inexpensive martensitic cast steel material that has hardness comparable to hardened steel and pre-hardened steel, and that exhibits excellent characteristics of corrosion resistance in a wet environment, and a method for producing a martensitic cast steel product.
- Patent Document 1 discloses cast iron that is excellent in wear resistance and corrosion resistance and is suitable for use as a cylinder liner.
- This cast iron achieves the object by containing phosphorus (P) and boron (B) in high concentration and dispersing the hardened phase (steadite structure).
- P phosphorus
- B boron
- Patent Document 2 discloses cast iron that exhibits excellent heat resistance and corrosion resistance in a high temperature and corrosive gas atmosphere, and also has excellent wear resistance. This material contains chromium Cr as much as 30 to 50 mass%, and is very hard and brittle.
- the grate of an incinerator is used as an example, and it is not suitable as a material for forming mechanical components and molds. Note that conventionally high-temperature heat treatment (quenching) is required to increase the hardness of the base material.
- Patent Document 3 nickel Ni, manganese Mn, silicon Si, and carbon C are contained in a predetermined ratio, the balance is made of iron Fe and inevitable impurities, and the martensitic transformation start temperature is near room temperature, so that the martensitic transformation is completed.
- a martensitic cast material having a temperature below freezing point is disclosed, and a manufacturing method for producing a cast product having a shape close to the final product by melting such martensitic cast material is disclosed.
- the casting produced in this way is subjected to subzero (deep cooling) treatment at 0 ° C to -200 ° C, and then tempered at the required temperature, and finished before subzero treatment or after tempering treatment, depending on the application.
- the manufacturing method of the martensitic cast product to perform is disclosed.
- the martensite cast product formed in this way can increase the hardness only by sub-zero treatment, and is a material suitable for applications such as elevator sheaves and various industrial machine wheels.
- it has been recognized that the addition of chromium Cr to an iron-based material is effective in improving corrosion resistance.
- chromium is added to cast iron or cast steel material, hard and brittle carbides are generated, which may impair important properties as a structural material of machinery, such as ductility and toughness, and has not been put to practical use.
- the object of the present invention is to improve the corrosion resistance in a wet environment, which has been regarded as a problem in the martensitic cast material and martensitic cast product obtained by the above-mentioned prior patent document 3 according to the present applicant, It is to provide a martensitic cast steel material applicable to press dies, aluminum die casting dies, and the like, and a method for producing a martensitic cast steel product.
- the invention according to claim 1 is nickel Ni; 5 to 10 mass%, chromium Cr; 1 to 10 mass%, silicon Si; 0.5 to 5 mass%, manganese Mn; 0.01 to 1 mass%, carbon C;
- the martensitic cast steel is composed of 2 to 2 mass%, the balance is composed of iron Fe and inevitable impurities, and the martensitic transformation completion temperature (Mf point) is below freezing.
- Mf point martensitic transformation completion temperature
- it is a martensitic cast steel in which vanadium V; 0.1 to 5 mass% is contained in such a martensitic cast steel.
- Such a cast steel material is characterized in that the martensitic transformation is completed only by the sub-zero (deep cooling) treatment, as described in claim 3.
- the subzero treatment temperature is in a temperature range of 0 ° C. to ⁇ 200 ° C.
- an as-cast steel material having a Rockwell hardness C scale of 20 to 60 HRC is applied to the subzero treatment by 45 to 65 HRC. It has the characteristic which changes to the hardness of.
- the martensitic cast steel thus obtained has a characteristic that it can be adjusted to a desired hardness in the range of 40 to 60 HRC by tempering performed after the sub-zero treatment. is there.
- the invention according to claim 6 is a product surface obtained by processing a sub-zero-treated cast steel material into a desired shape, and then performing a tempering treatment in an atmosphere that causes surface enrichment of nitrogen in the processed product.
- the invention according to claim 7 dissolves the raw material adjusted to the above components, casts it into a shape close to the product, performs a finishing process on the obtained cast product, and performs the finishing process.
- This is characterized in that it is a method for producing a martensitic cast steel product in which a sub-zero treatment at a temperature of 0 ° C. to ⁇ 200 ° C. is performed on the cast product, and then a tempering treatment is performed at a required temperature.
- the raw material adjusted to the above components is dissolved, and the obtained cast steel ingot is subjected to sub-zero treatment at a temperature of 0 ° C. to ⁇ 200 ° C.
- It is a method for producing a martensitic cast steel product that performs tempering treatment at a temperature and processes the tempered cast steel material to obtain a desired product.
- the invention according to claim 9 is the one in which the raw material adjusted to the above components is dissolved, and the obtained cast steel ingot is subjected to subzero treatment at a temperature of 0 ° C. to ⁇ 200 ° C.
- a method for producing a martensitic cast steel product that obtains a desired product by processing the cast steel material into a desired shape and then tempering in an atmosphere that causes surface enrichment of nitrogen in the processed product It is characterized by being.
- the invention according to claim 10 is characterized in that the sub-zero treatment temperature is set to -50 ° C or lower, and The invention described in Item 11 is characterized in that the tempering temperature is selected according to the type of product, required characteristics, etc. within a temperature range of 100 ° C to 700 ° C. Furthermore, the invention according to claim 12 is the method for producing a martensitic cast steel product according to claim 9, wherein a tempering temperature in an atmosphere causing the surface enrichment of nitrogen is in a temperature range of 400 ° C to 600 ° C. Are selected according to the type of product, required characteristics, and the like.
- the invention according to claim 13 melts the above-mentioned martensitic cast steel and casts it into a shape approximating to a finished product, and performs finish machining after sub-zero treatment at ⁇ 50 ° C. or lower, and then the surface of nitrogen. It is a locating pin used at the time of steel plate pressing in which the hardness of the finished product surface is adjusted to 700 HV to 1200 HV by performing tempering treatment in an atmosphere that causes enrichment.
- the metal temperature control having a desired shape that does not cause temperature unevenness over the entire cavity surface. It is a plastic molding die with a temperature control tube that can obtain the desired hardness by performing sub-zero treatment and tempering treatment at -50 ° C or lower after the tube is placed in the mold and cast at the same time.
- the invention described in claim 15 is made of a metal having a desired shape that does not cause temperature unevenness on the entire cavity surface when the above-described martensitic cast steel is melted and a mold is cast with a mold having a desired shape.
- a molten resin flow path having a desired shape and a metal temperature control tube having a desired shape are provided. It is a manifold block for hot runners with a resin flow path and temperature control pipe that can be pre-placed in a mold and cast at the same time, and then the desired hardness can be obtained by performing subzero treatment and tempering treatment at -50 ° C or lower. It is characterized by that.
- the martensitic cast steel described above is melted and cast into a shape approximating to a finished product, and finish machining is performed after sub-zero treatment at ⁇ 50 ° C. or lower, followed by the surface of nitrogen.
- the sliding bearing is characterized in that the hardness of the surface of the finished product is adjusted to 700 HV to 1200 HV by performing tempering treatment in an atmosphere that causes enrichment.
- the martensitic cast steel obtained by the component ratio specified by the present invention is martensite only by sub-zero treatment performed at a temperature of 0 ° C. or less without undergoing quenching treatment by high-temperature heating, which has been essential by conventional methods. Transformation to the organization is possible. It is understood that the martensitic transformation by the sub-zero treatment depends only on the treatment temperature and is not directly related to the holding time, and if the actual temperature of the object is below the martensite transformation completion temperature (Mf point) or higher There is no metamorphosis progression.
- a required amount of chromium Cr is added, but as a result of sufficiently examining the addition amount, generation of hard and brittle carbides is suppressed, Corrosion resistance, particularly in a wet environment, is greatly improved without deteriorating important properties as a constituent material, such as ductility and toughness.
- the martensitic transformation is completed when the target cast steel product reaches the Mf point, and there is almost no variation in hardness due to a difference in the thickness of the cast steel product or a difference in cooling rate. Therefore, a so-called near net shape modeling in which a finished product shape is formed by a simple finishing process after casting as a shape approximating a shape and size expected in advance can be applied. Therefore, a desired product can be obtained by a slight finishing process, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of reducing the number of processes and improving the product yield. In addition, since a quenching process at a high temperature such as 800 ° C. to 1200 ° C. is not required, a significant energy saving effect can be expected.
- Examples of applications of “post-processing” that performs processing after tempering with the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention are wear plates used for copper alloy plates and sliding parts, lapping plates for semiconductor wafer polishing, sandwiching, nippers Razor blades, knifes for general purpose such as knives and knives, office machine blades such as shredders and cutters, lead wire cutters, pelletizer rotary blades for cutting plastic strands, cutters for industrial machines such as crushers and paper processors, Examples include injection molds, civil engineering / construction machine parts, impellers and runners for fluid machinery such as water turbines and pumps.
- pre-processing that performs processing before sub-zero processing
- examples of application of “pre-processing” that performs processing before sub-zero processing include press dies, injection molding dies, aluminum die casting dies, and jigs that require hardness and accuracy exceeding a specified level.
- Forging products such as tools, gears, undercarriage parts for vehicles and shafts, parts for rail running vehicles, eyebolts, bed and sliding members for machine tools, parts for agricultural machinery such as rice mills and threshers, It can be applied to pawls and cutting parts of construction machinery, blades or fixed blades of mowers, snowplows, etc., and parts for endless tracks (caterpillars).
- the content and characteristics of the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention and the method for producing such a martensitic cast steel product are disclosed.
- the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention is subjected to component adjustment and melting of raw materials as in step S1 in the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the composition ratio is nickel Ni: 5-10 mass%, preferably 5-9 mass%, chromium Cr: 1-10 mass%, preferably 2-8 mass%, silicon Si: 0.5-5 mass%, preferably 1-2.
- a predetermined amount of the molten metal obtained through the component adjustment and melting step is poured into a previously prepared ingot mold, and a cast steel material of 20 to 60 HRC is obtained in the as-cast state (step S2).
- the obtained cast steel material needs to be subjected to a sub-zero treatment for increasing the hardness and a tempering treatment for obtaining a preferable hardness in the final product at any stage. Therefore, after performing the sub-zero treatment and the tempering process, the “post-processing 1” is performed in which the machining is performed according to the design dimensions and specifications, or the machining is performed according to the sub-zero treatment and the design dimensions and specifications first. It is selected whether to perform “post-processing 2” for performing processing, or to perform “pre-processing” for performing sub-zero processing after performing machining in advance according to the design dimensions and specifications (step S3).
- step S4 a sub-zero (deep cooling) process (step S4) is performed on the cast steel ingot at a temperature of 0 ° C. to ⁇ 200 ° C., preferably ⁇ 50 ° C. to ⁇ 80 ° C.
- the martensitic transformation is caused to occur, and then a tempered cast steel material having a hardness of 40-60 HRC suitable for machining is obtained (step S5).
- the cast steel having the adjusted hardness is machined according to the design specifications (step S6).
- step S7 the sub-zero treatment (step S7) is performed on the cast steel ingot at a temperature of 0 ° C. to ⁇ 200 ° C., preferably ⁇ 50 ° C. to ⁇ 80 ° C. Cause martensitic transformation.
- the cast steel material thus obtained is machined according to the design specifications (step S8).
- tempering is performed at 400 ° C. to 600 ° C. (step S9).
- nitriding is performed at 400 ° C. to 600 ° C. to obtain a cast steel product having a hardness of 700 to 1200 HV (step S13).
- the processes of step S9 and step S13 can be performed simultaneously. Further, it is optional to perform the nitriding process of step S13 after the process of step S6 or step S12.
- step S3 heat treatment is performed after applying machining (step S10) to a shape close to the final product in accordance with the design specifications.
- the machined cast steel product is subjected to sub-zero treatment in a temperature range of 0 ° C. to ⁇ 200 ° C. to obtain a desired hardness (for example, 45 to 65 HRC) (step S11).
- the hardness is adjusted as necessary to obtain the optimum hardness (for example, 40 to 60 HRC), and a tempering process for imparting toughness is performed (step S12).
- the cast steel obtained by the above composition ratio range has a martensitic transformation completion temperature (Mf point) below freezing point. Therefore, sub-zero treatment in a temperature range of, for example, ⁇ 50 ° C. to ⁇ 80 ° C., which can be achieved by an ordinary refrigerator that is a heat source that can be easily realized industrially, is possible, and a simple process and reduced energy consumption are possible. Together with this, a low-cost martensitic cast steel product can be obtained.
- the conventional quenching process in the prior art needs to be performed at a high temperature of about 800 ° C.
- the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention has an effect of saving a large amount of heat energy required for the quenching treatment.
- Table 1 is data showing an example of change in hardness (HRC) when the sub-zero treatment and the tempering treatment are performed on the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention.
- the leftmost column shows the mixing ratio of nickel Ni, chromium Cr, silicon Si, carbon C, and vanadium V.
- sub-zero (treatment) temperature 3 rows of -50, -80, -196 ° C
- tempering (treatment) temperature 200 ° C, 400 5 rows of C, 500 C, 600 C, and 700 C).
- the rightmost five columns show the blending ratio of other components to the respective components shown at the leftmost.
- FIG. 2 shows chromium Cr; 2.0 mass%, silicon Si; 1.5 mass%, carbon C; 0.5 mass%, vanadium V; fixed to 0.0 mass%, nickel Ni; (Diamond graph), nickel Ni: 7.5 mass% (graph with ⁇ , abbreviated as “ ⁇ graph” hereinafter), nickel Ni; 8.5 mass% ( ⁇ graph) and nickel Ni; 10.0 mass% ( ⁇ 5 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the sub-zero treatment temperature and the hardness when the graph is set to (graph).
- FIG. 3 shows nickel Ni; 7.5 mass%, silicon Si; 1.5 mass%, carbon C; 0.5 mass%, vanadium V; 0.0 mass%, chromium Cr; Diamond graph), chromium Cr; 1.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr; 1.5 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr; 2.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr; 3.0 mass% (black rhombus) Graph), chromium Cr; 5.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr; 7.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr; 9.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph) and chromium Cr; 11.0 mass% (rice chart) ) Is a graph illustrating the relationship between the sub-zero treatment temperature and the hardness.
- FIG. 4 shows nickel Ni; 7.5 mass%, chromium Cr; 2.0 mass%, carbon C; 0.5 mass%, vanadium V; fixed to 0.0 mass%, silicon Si; 0.15 mass% (outlined) Diamond graph), silicon Si; 1.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph), silicon Si; 1.5 mass% ( ⁇ graph), silicon Si; 2.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph) and silicon Si; 2.5 mass% (black rhombus) 5 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the sub-zero treatment temperature and the hardness when the graph is set to (graph).
- FIG. 5 shows nickel Ni: 7.5 mass%, chromium Cr; 2.0 mass%, silicon Si; carbon C containing 0.5 mass% of vanadium V fixed to 1.5 mass%; 0.4 mass% (White diamond graph), carbon C containing 0.5 mass% of vanadium V; 0.5 mass% ( ⁇ graph), carbon C containing 0.2 mass% of vanadium V; 0.6 mass% ( ⁇ graph), Carbon C containing 0.5 mass% of vanadium V; 0.65 mass% ( ⁇ graph) and carbon C containing 0.5 mass% of vanadium V; sub-zero treatment when 0.8 mass% (black rhombus graph) It is the graph which illustrated the relationship between temperature and hardness.
- FIG. 6 shows chromium Cr; 2.0 mass%, silicon Si; vanadium V fixed to 1.5 mass%, nickel Ni containing 7.5 mass%, and carbon C containing 0.6 mass%; 0.2 mass% ( White diamond graph), nickel Ni; 8.0 mass%, carbon C; 0.5 mass% 0.3 mass% vanadium V ( ⁇ graph) and nickel Ni; 7.5 mass%, carbon C; 0.5 mass% It is the graph which illustrated the relationship between the subzero processing temperature at the time of making it contain Vanadium V; 0.5 mass% ((triangle
- FIG. 8 shows nickel Ni; 7.5 mass%, silicon Si; 1.5 mass%, carbon C; 0.5 mass%, vanadium V; 0.0 mass%, chromium Cr; 0.0 mass% (white) Diamond graph), chromium Cr; 1.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr; 1.5 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr; 2.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr; 3.0 mass% (black rhombus) Graph), chromium Cr; 5.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr; 7.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr; 9.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph) and chromium Cr; 11.0 mass% (rice chart) It is the graph which illustrated the relationship between the tempering process temperature at the time of setting to), and hardness. This cast steel material is subjected to sub-zero treatment at -80 ° C. in advance before tempering treatment.
- FIG. 10 shows nickel Ni; 7.5 mass%, chromium Cr; 2.0 mass%, silicon Si; carbon C containing 0.5 mass% of vanadium V fixed to 1.5 mass%; 0.4 mass% ( White diamond graph), carbon C containing 0.5 mass% of vanadium V; 0.5 mass% ( ⁇ graph), carbon C containing 0.2 mass% of vanadium V; 0.6 mass% ( ⁇ graph), Carbon C containing 0.5 mass% of vanadium V; tempering treatment when 0.65 mass% (circle graph) and carbon C containing 0.5 mass% of vanadium V; 0.8 mass% (black rhombus graph) It is the graph which illustrated the relationship between temperature and hardness. This cast steel material is subjected to sub-zero treatment at -80 ° C. in advance before tempering treatment.
- Fig. 11 shows chromium Cr; 2.0 mass%, silicon Si; 1.5 mass%, nickel Ni; 7.5 mass%, carbon C; vanadium V containing 0.6 mass%; 0.2 mass% ( White diamond graph), nickel Ni; 8.0 mass%, vanadium V containing carbon mass of 0.5 mass%; 0.3 mass% ( ⁇ graph) and nickel Ni; 7.5 mass%, carbon C; 0.5 mass It is the graph which illustrated the relationship between the tempering process temperature and hardness at the time of setting it as vanadium V containing 0.5%; 0.5 mass% ((triangle
- FIG. 12 shows that commercially available mold steel A (Ni—Cu—Al) (FIG. A) and commercially available stainless steel B (13% Cr) (FIG. B) are poured into running water using tap water. It is a photograph which shows the external appearance after being immersed for 100 hours. In the stainless steel material for mold B, slight rust derived from deposits was observed, whereas in the steel material for mold A, rusting was confirmed on the entire surface.
- FIG. 13 is a photograph of the surface of a sample made of martensitic cast steel according to the present invention.
- the composition is fixed to nickel Ni; 7.5 mass%, silicon Si; 1.5 mass%, carbon C; 0.5 mass%, vanadium V; 0.0 mass%, and FIG. %,
- the martensitic cast steel melted so that the figure (B) becomes chromium Cr; 3.0 mass% was cut in advance after subzero treatment at ⁇ 80 ° C. and immersed in running water with tap water for 100 hours.
- It is the surface photograph of a sample.
- rust is generated on the side surface where the oxide layer generated during casting is present, no rusting is observed at the center of the cast steel material. Therefore, it is understood that the chromium Cr-containing martensitic cast steel according to the present invention has good corrosion resistance equivalent to that of the stainless steel material B for molds, which is originally excellent in corrosion resistance.
- FIG. 14 shows the result of analysis by XPS of the stainless steel material B for the mold while repeating the etching from the material surface toward the center by argon Ar sputtering, and the results of carbon C, oxygen O, iron Fe, chromium Cr, silicon Si It is the output drawing arranged in order of copper Cu. It can be observed that an oxide of chromium Cr showing good corrosion resistance is formed on the very surface layer.
- FIG. 15 was melted to include nickel Ni; 7.5 mass%, chromium Cr; 2.0 mass%, silicon Si; 1.5 mass%, carbon C; 0.5 mass%, vanadium V; 0.0 mass%.
- the cast steel was subjected to sub-zero treatment at ⁇ 80 ° C. in advance, and the result of analysis by XPS while repeating etching from the material surface toward the center by argon Ar sputtering was performed.
- the results of carbon C, oxygen O, iron Fe, chromium were analyzed. It is an output drawing arranged in order of Cr, nickel Ni, and silicon Si.
- FIG. 16 is a graph obtained by measuring the wear scar width (unit: ⁇ m) formed on both sample surfaces over the temperature range from room temperature to about 700 ° C.
- FIG. 17 shows the amount of wear [mg] measured by a ball-on-disk wear test for a steel material for mold A which is a comparison object and the sample cast steel (developed material) according to the present invention. It is a graph showing a test result as temperature. According to this test result, it is shown that the cast steel material to be tested has a small amount of wear in the temperature range from room temperature to 400 ° C. From such an abrasion test, it is confirmed that the martensitic cast steel material according to the present invention is partially superior to the commercially available steel material A for molds and is stable even at a temperature higher than about 500 ° C. It was done.
- FIG. 18 shows the relationship of hardness distribution of the martensitic cast steel material (nitrided) according to the present invention with respect to the stainless steel material B for molds, which is a commercially available material, It is the graph which illustrated distance (mm) from the surface as a horizontal axis.
- the composition of the cast steel material according to the present invention is fixed to nickel Ni; 7.5 mass%, silicon Si; 1.5 mass%, carbon C; 0.5 mass%, vanadium V; 0.5 mass%, and chromium Cr; 0.0 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr; 5 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr: 7 mass% ( ⁇ graph), chromium Cr; 9 mass% ( ⁇ graph) hardness distribution after each nitriding treatment Represents.
- the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention (nitrided by the following conditions) is slightly inferior to the commercially available stainless steel B for molds, but has a sufficient surface hardness for practical use. It was confirmed that was obtained.
- Locating Pin for Steel Plate Press When pressing a large member with a thick steel plate such as an automobile body, a locating pin for positioning and fixing the steel plate in advance is indispensable.
- the hardness of the locate pin is required to be 45 to 55 HRC.
- Temperature control die with heating and cooling pipe for plastic molding with excellent corrosion resistance The martensitic cast steel material according to the present invention is cast by using a mold having a shape close to the desired shape of the finished product, so-called near net shape modeling. An injection mold can be obtained. In this type of mold, it is known that the surface properties of the molded product can be greatly improved if the temperature can be adjusted within a desired range. Such temperature adjustment is usually performed by circulating water or heat medium oil from an external temperature controller to a temperature adjustment pipe provided in the mold.
- the mold material for plastic molding needs to have corrosion resistance that can withstand the corrosion caused by the decomposition gas of the plastic material caused by melting the plastic material at a high temperature.
- a resin material having a relatively high melting point such that the melting temperature during molding is 300 ° C. or higher
- a resin material that generates a corrosive gas during melting or a resin material whose melting temperature and thermal decomposition temperature are close to each other
- the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention can form a temperature-controlled pipe having an arbitrary shape by casting a metal pipe disposed in a mold, and does not cause temperature unevenness over the entire cavity surface.
- a mold can be obtained.
- this cast steel material it is possible to obtain an injection mold having corrosion resistance equivalent to or higher than that obtained when a commercially available steel for molds having excellent corrosion resistance is used as a mold material.
- the temperature-controlled pipe bent into a desired shape is placed in a mold, and the molten cast steel (Ni: 7.5 mass%, Cr; 2 mass%, Si1.5 mass%, C; 0.5 mass%) ) was injected to obtain an injection mold in which a temperature control tube was embedded at a desired site.
- the molten cast steel Ni: 7.5 mass%, Cr; 2 mass%, Si1.5 mass%, C; 0.5 mass%)
- a material for the temperature control pipe which does not suffer damage or deformation due to such pouring.
- a steel pipe having an internal structure of a desired shape or an inner diameter of a desired size is used, but a metal pipe made of any other appropriate material can be used in consideration of the above conditions.
- the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention is a die for aluminum die casting by so-called near net shape molding, which is cast using a mold having a shape close to the desired shape of the finished product. Obtainable.
- this type of mold it is known that the dimensional accuracy and productivity of a molded product and further the life of the mold can be greatly improved if the temperature can be adjusted within a desired range.
- Such temperature adjustment is usually performed by circulating water or heat medium oil from an external temperature controller to a temperature adjustment pipe provided in the mold.
- the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention can form a temperature-controlled pipe having an arbitrary shape by casting a metal pipe arranged in a mold, and the temperature unevenness over the entire cavity while maintaining a desired temperature. It is possible to obtain a die for aluminum die casting in which no occurrence occurs. Furthermore, by using the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention, a die steel for aluminum die casting having characteristics equivalent to a commercially available steel for molds having excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance or surface treatment having excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. A mold can be obtained.
- a temperature control tube bent into a desired shape is placed in a mold, and a cast steel melt (nickel Ni: 7.5 mass%, chromium Cr; 3 mass%, silicon Si; 1.5 mass%, carbon C) ; 0.5 mass%) was poured to obtain a die for aluminum die casting in which a temperature control tube having a desired shape was embedded in a desired portion.
- a material for the temperature control tube that is not damaged or deformed by pouring molten aluminum material.
- a steel pipe having an internal structure of a desired shape or an inner diameter of a desired dimension is used, but other metal pipes can be used in consideration of the above conditions.
- Manifold block for hot runner The martensitic cast steel according to the present invention can produce a product having a desired internal structure by arranging pipes having a desired shape in a mold.
- a hot runner manifold block having a melted resin flow path having a desired shape, a temperature control pipe, and the like can be obtained.
- unnecessary parts called sprues and runners that function as a flow path for molten resin are generated in addition to a product portion having a target shape.
- a method in which this unnecessary part is taken out together with the product part as a solidified product and then reused or discarded is called a cold runner.
- the manifold block which is the main component of this hot runner system, needs to have a flow path with a desired shape that can reduce pressure loss caused by passing a high-viscosity molten resin at high speed.
- a flow path formation by machining it has been required to select a high-cost method for joining a member that has been processed in advance to a desired shape, or to process a simple shape based on a straight line.
- the manifold block for the hot runner needs to have corrosion resistance against the decomposition gas of the plastic material caused by melting the plastic material at a high temperature.
- a resin material having a relatively high melting point that has a melting temperature of 300 ° C.
- the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention can form a molten resin flow passage having a desired shape that can reduce pressure loss by casting a metal pipe disposed in a mold, and further, a temperature control pipe and a heating pipe.
- a manifold block for hot runner that has a temperature control function and does not cause temperature unevenness can be obtained.
- a hot runner manifold block having corrosion resistance comparable to that obtained when a commercially available steel having excellent corrosion resistance is used can be obtained.
- Sliding bearings for press dies Sliding bearings for regulating the moving parts in the dies and the operating direction of the dies are used in dies that press large members with thick steel plates such as automobile bodies.
- This sliding bearing is strongly required to have comprehensive durability typified by corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance especially on the sliding surface, as well as strength capable of withstanding various stresses caused by press pressure or the like generated during processing of a steel plate.
- wear resistance only on the sliding surface, such as combining a dedicated member with graphite embedded in the copper alloy surface. Meeting demands by combining materials with excellent corrosion resistance.
- the cast steel itself has both corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and it is possible to further harden the surface by tempering in a nitrogen atmosphere. This eliminates the need for a slide-only member. Furthermore, since the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention can obtain suitable wear resistance only by the sub-zero treatment, the quenching treatment as a hardening treatment required for the expression of the wear resistance in the conventional member is not necessary. Significant cost reduction is possible.
- the martensitic cast steel according to the present invention has a sufficient hardness by sub-zero treatment in which a product is cast using a cast steel material having a predetermined composition ratio, and is cooled to a temperature below the freezing point without performing quenching after finishing. Can be obtained. Moreover, it is also possible to process the cast steel ingot obtained by the above composition ratio as a product after tempering, and then perform sub-zero treatment.
- Forged products such as wheels and shafts, wheels for rail running vehicles, eyebolts, machine tool beds and sliding members, parts for agricultural machinery such as rice milling machines and threshers, claw parts and cutting parts for construction machinery, etc. It can be applied to fixed blades such as mowers and snowblowers.
- examples of applications to be processed after tempering include copper alloy plates, wear plates used for sliding parts, impellers and runners of fluid machines such as water turbines and pumps, and the like.
- it is accurate by combining the barrel, screw, cooling and overheating of plastic melt kneading extruders. It can be expected to be used in injection molds that perform appropriate temperature control. In these application ranges, the quenching process, which conventionally required enormous heat energy, is no longer necessary, and significant energy savings are possible. Therefore, a great effect can be expected in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, which is said to have a great impact on environmental destruction.
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Abstract
Description
自動車ボディなど厚みのある鋼板により大型部材をプレス加工する際は、予め鋼板の位置決めを行いかつ固定するためのロケートピンが不可欠となる。このロケートピンの硬さは45~55HRCが要求される。加えて、プレス加工時に発生する粉末化した鋼板材等による汚れを洗浄するために使用する噴流水に起因する腐食に耐え得る耐食性が求められる。
本発明に係るマルテンサイト鋳鋼材は、完成品の所望形状に近い形状の鋳型を用いた鋳込みを行う、いわゆるニアネットシェイプ造形によりプラスチックの射出成形用金型を得ることができる。この種の金型では、所望範囲の温度調節が可能であれば成形品の表面性状を大幅に改善し得ることが知られている。このような温度調節は、通常、金型内に設けられた温調用配管に対して外部の温調機から水または熱媒体油を循環させることによって行われる。しかし、従来の鋼材を使用する金型にあっては、作製された金型に対して外部からドリル加工を行う、いわゆる後加工により温調用配管を形成しなければならなかった。したがって、直線状の温調配管のみとなり、キャビティに沿って精密な温度調節を行う任意形状の温調配管を得ることはできず、温度ムラを的確に解消することはできなかった。
本発明に係るマルテンサイト鋳鋼材は、完成品の所望形状に近い形状の鋳型を用いた鋳込みをする、いわゆるニアネットシェイプ造形によりアルミニウムダイカスト用金型を得ることができる。この種の金型では、所望範囲の温度調節が可能であれば成形品の寸法精度や生産性、さらには金型寿命を大幅に改善し得ることが知られている。このような温度調節は、通常、金型内に設けられた温調用配管に対して外部の温調機から水または熱媒体油を循環させることによって行われる。しかし、従来の鋼材を使用する金型にあっては、作製された金型に対して外部からドリル加工を行う、いわゆる後加工により温調用配管を形成しなければならなかった。したがって、直線状の温調配管のみとなり、キャビティに沿って精密な温度調節を行う任意形状の温調配管を得ることはできず、所望温度を維持しながら冷却温度ムラを的確に解消することはできなかった。
本発明に係るマルテンサイト鋳鋼材は、鋳型内に所望形状の配管類を配置することにより、所望の内部構造を持つ製品が製造可能となる。本発明に係る製造方法により、所望形状の溶融樹脂流路および温調配管等を内蔵したホットランナー用マニホールドブロックを得ることができる。プラスチック成形加工により生産される成形品には、目的の形状を持つ製品部以外にも、射出時に溶融樹脂の流路として機能していたスプルーおよびランナーと呼ばれる不要部分が発生する。この不要部分を製品部とともに固化物として取り出した後、再利用するかあるいは廃棄する方式をコールドランナーと呼んでいる。このコールドランナー金型では、溶融樹脂流路の形状および配置の自由度が大きい反面、不要物を排出することによる環境負荷の増大への対応が課題となっている。このような不要部分を発生させない方法として、溶融樹脂の流路全体を当該樹脂の溶融温度に保持しつつ、溶融樹脂を製品部と分離するための機構を内蔵させた金型部品、いわゆるホットランナーシステムが普及しており、プラスチック成形加工分野における低コスト化、省資源化に寄与可能である。
自動車ボディなど厚みのある鋼板により大型部材をプレス加工する金型には、金型内の可動部および金型の動作方向を規制するための滑り軸受けが使用されている。この滑り軸受けは、鋼板加工時に生じるプレス圧力等に起因する各種応力に耐えうる強度と共に、特に摺動面における耐食耐磨耗性に代表される総合的な耐久性が強く求められる。従来は、コストも含めた全ての要求性能を単一の材料で満足させることが困難であるため、銅合金表面に黒鉛を埋め込んだ専用部材を組み合わせるなど、摺動面にのみ耐磨耗性および耐食性に優れた部材を組み合わせることにより要求に応えていた。これに対して、本発明に係るマルテンサイト鋳鋼材では、本鋳鋼材自体が耐食耐磨耗性を併せ持つことに加え、窒素雰囲気中で焼戻しすることにより表面をさらに硬化させることが可能になることから摺動専用部材が不要となる。さらに、本発明に係るマルテンサイト鋳鋼材ではサブゼロ処理のみで好適な耐摩耗性が得られるため、従来の部材における耐磨耗性発現に必要であった硬化処理としての焼入れ処理が不要になるため大幅なコストダウンが可能となる。
Claims (17)
- ニッケルNi;5~10mass%、クロムCr;1~10mass%、珪素Si;0.5~5mass%、マンガンMn;0.01~1mass%、炭素C;0.2~2mass%、残部が鉄Feおよび不可避不純物から構成され、マルテンサイト変態完了温度(Mf点)が氷点下であることを特徴とするマルテンサイト鋳鋼材。
- ニッケルNi;5~10mass%、クロムCr;1~10mass%、珪素Si;0.5~5mass%、マンガンMn;0.01~1mass%、バナジウムV;0.1~5mass%、炭素C;0.2~2mass%、残部が鉄Feおよび不可避不純物から構成され、マルテンサイト変態完了温度(Mf点)が氷点下であることを特徴とするマルテンサイト鋳鋼材。
- 前記マルテンサイト変態が、サブゼロ処理のみで完了する特性を有することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載のマルテンサイト鋳鋼材。
- 前記サブゼロ処理温度が0℃~-200℃の温度範囲であり、ロックウェル硬さCスケールで20~60HRCの鋳放し鋳鋼材から、前記サブゼロ処理によって45~65HRCの硬さに変化する特性を有することを特徴とする、請求項3記載のマルテンサイト鋳鋼材。
- サブゼロ処理後に行われる焼戻し処理により40~60HRCの範囲の所望硬さとなるように調整可能である特性を有することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載のマルテンサイト鋳鋼材。
- サブゼロ処理の施された鋳鋼材を加工して所望の形状とした後、該加工品における窒素の表面富化を生ぜしめる雰囲気中で焼戻し処理を行うことにより、製品表面を700~1200HVの範囲の所望硬さとなるように調整可能である特性を有することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載のマルテンサイト鋳鋼材。
- 請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の成分に調整された原材料を溶解し、製品に近い形状に鋳造し、得られた鋳造品に対して仕上げ加工を施し、該仕上げ加工の施された鋳造品に対して温度0℃~-200℃のサブゼロ処理を施し、その後、所要温度により焼戻し処理を行うことを特徴とする、マルテンサイト鋳鋼品の製造方法。
- 請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の成分に調整された原材料を溶解し、得られた鋳鋼材インゴットに対して温度0℃~-200℃のサブゼロ処理を施し、その後、所要温度で焼戻し処理を行い、該焼戻しされた鋳鋼材を加工して所望の製品を得ることを特徴とする、マルテンサイト鋳鋼品の製造方法。
- 請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の成分に調整された原材料を溶解し、得られた鋳鋼材インゴットに対して温度0℃~-200℃のサブゼロ処理を施し、該サブゼロ処理された鋳鋼材を加工して所望の形状とした後、該加工品における窒素の表面富化を生ぜしめる雰囲気中での焼戻し処理を行うことにより所望の製品を得ることを特徴とする、マルテンサイト鋳鋼品の製造方法。
- 前記サブゼロ処理温度が、-50℃以下に設定されることを特徴とする、請求項7又は8のいずれかに記載のマルテンサイト鋳鋼品の製造方法。
- 前記焼戻し処理温度が、100℃~700℃の温度範囲内で、製品の種類、所要特性等に応じて選定されることを特徴とする、請求項7又は8のいずれかに記載のマルテンサイト鋳鋼品の製造方法。
- 前記窒素の表面富化を生ぜしめる雰囲気中での焼戻し処理温度が、400℃~600℃の温度範囲内で、製品の種類、所要特性等に応じて選定されることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載のマルテンサイト鋳鋼品の製造方法。
- 請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載のマルテンサイト鋳鋼材を溶解し、仕上げ品に近似する形状として鋳込まれ、-50℃以下のサブゼロ処理の後に仕上げ機械加工を行い、その後に窒素の表面富化を生ぜしめる雰囲気中で焼戻し処理を行うことにより、仕上げ品表面の硬さが700HV~1200HVに調整されることを特徴とする、鋼板プレス加工時に使用されるロケートピン。
- 請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載のマルテンサイト鋳鋼材を溶解して、所望形状の鋳型により金型を鋳造する際に、キャビティ全面に対して温度ムラを生じさせない所望形状の金属製温調管を鋳型内に予め配置して同時に鋳込んだ後に、-50℃以下のサブゼロ処理ならびに焼戻し処理を行うことにより所望の硬さが得られることを特徴とする、温調管付きプラスチック成形用金型。
- 請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載のマルテンサイト鋳鋼材を溶解して、所望形状の鋳型により金型を鋳造する際に、キャビティ全面に対して温度ムラを生じさせない所望形状の金属製温調管を鋳型内に予め配置して同時に鋳込んだ後に、-50℃以下のサブゼロ処理ならびに焼戻し処理を行うことにより所望の硬さが得られることを特徴とする、温調管付きアルミニウムダイカスト用金型。
- 請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載のマルテンサイト鋳鋼材を溶解して、仕上げ品に近似する形状として鋳込まれる際に、所望形状の溶融樹脂流路および所望形状の金属製温調管を鋳型内に予め配置して同時に鋳込んだ後に、-50℃以下のサブゼロ処理ならびに焼戻し処理を行うことにより所望の硬さが得られることを特徴とする、樹脂流路および温調管付きホットランナー用マニホールドブロック。
- 請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載のマルテンサイト鋳鋼材を溶解し、仕上げ品に近似する形状として鋳込まれ、-50℃以下のサブゼロ処理の後に仕上げ機械加工を行い、その後に窒素の表面富化を生ぜしめる雰囲気中で焼戻し処理を行うことにより、仕上げ品表面の硬さが700HV~1200HVに調整されることを特徴とする、滑り軸受け。
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KR102021378B1 (ko) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-09-16 | 공주대학교 산학협력단 | 1350 MPa급 고강도-고인성 니켈크롬몰리브덴 주강재의 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 주강재 |
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- 2010-02-19 KR KR1020117019482A patent/KR101290457B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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JP5974380B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-17 | 2016-08-23 | 株式会社Ihi | 析出硬化型ステンレス鋼及びステンレス鋼部品、並びに析出硬化型ステンレス鋼の製造方法 |
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KR101290457B1 (ko) | 2013-07-26 |
US20120014626A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
JPWO2010098256A1 (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
KR20110115588A (ko) | 2011-10-21 |
US8394319B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 |
JP4811692B2 (ja) | 2011-11-09 |
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