WO2010084816A1 - Élément électroluminescent organique et son procédé de production - Google Patents

Élément électroluminescent organique et son procédé de production Download PDF

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WO2010084816A1
WO2010084816A1 PCT/JP2010/050327 JP2010050327W WO2010084816A1 WO 2010084816 A1 WO2010084816 A1 WO 2010084816A1 JP 2010050327 W JP2010050327 W JP 2010050327W WO 2010084816 A1 WO2010084816 A1 WO 2010084816A1
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layer
organic
coating
temperature
substrate
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渉 石川
忠 関口
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コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
    • H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
    • H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
    • H10K85/344—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising ruthenium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
    • H10K85/346—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising platinum
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
    • H10K85/348—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising osmium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence (also referred to as organic EL) element and a manufacturing method thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element that can be manufactured by a wet method, has high external quantum efficiency, and has improved coating unevenness, and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • Organic electroluminescence includes phosphorescent light-emitting compounds and fluorescent light compounds, and it is known that phosphorescent light-emitting compounds have higher external extraction quantum efficiencies. Furthermore, it is known that a high external extraction quantum efficiency can be obtained by providing functional layers such as a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron transport layer in order to cause the phosphorescent light-emitting material to emit light efficiently.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 Although it is described that a polymer material is applied with a solvent (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2), there is no description of the problem of unevenness in the application of a low-molecular material, and the drying conditions are completely considered. Absent. Moreover, although there exists description about the high external extraction quantum efficiency improvement of the element by a wet method, it is a high molecular material, there is no description of a low molecular material, and there is no consideration about drying conditions (for example, refer patent document 3). .
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an organic electroluminescent device that can be stably manufactured by a wet method, has high external quantum efficiency, and has little coating unevenness, and a method for manufacturing the same. There is.
  • the formation of at least one layer is performed by a wet method having a step of removing the solvent by blowing after a step of applying a solution in which an organic material is dissolved in a solvent.
  • the substrate temperature and the coating environment temperature are the coating environment temperature ⁇ the coating liquid temperature ⁇ the substrate temperature, the liquid film thickness to be formed is 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and the blowing speed is 0.1 m / s to 5 m / s, after coating
  • the method for producing an organic electroluminescence element, wherein the time until the air is blown is 0 second to 60 seconds.
  • blowing method is an air knife method in which air blown in a plane is moved while moving in a certain direction, or a down blow method in which air is blown from the upper surface.
  • Device manufacturing method is an air knife method in which air blown in a plane is moved while moving in a certain direction, or a down blow method in which air is blown from the upper surface.
  • an organic electroluminescence device which can be stably manufactured by a wet method, has high external quantum efficiency, and has little coating unevenness, and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing an organic electroluminescent device, wherein the formation of at least one layer is a wet method having a step of applying a solution in which an organic material is dissolved in a solvent and then removing the solvent by blowing.
  • the coating liquid temperature, the substrate temperature, and the coating environmental temperature are the coating environmental temperature ⁇ the coating liquid temperature ⁇ the substrate temperature, the liquid film thickness to be formed is 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and the wind speed is 0.1 m / s to 5 m / s.
  • the time from application to blowing is 0 to 60 seconds.
  • the at least one layer examples include a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer, and a light emitting layer is particularly preferable.
  • the coating liquid temperature, the substrate temperature, and the coating environmental temperature satisfy the relationship of coating environmental temperature ⁇ coating liquid temperature ⁇ substrate temperature. It is more preferable that the coating environment temperature is 15 ° C. to 40 ° C. and the substrate temperature is 0 ° C. to 30 ° C. after satisfying the above conditions. Here, any temperature is just before coating.
  • the application environment temperature refers to the temperature of the room where the application is performed.
  • the coating solution temperature, the substrate temperature, and the coating environment temperature are the coating environment temperature ⁇ the coating solution temperature ⁇ the substrate temperature, it is not preferable because drying unevenness is remarkably deteriorated and the luminous efficiency is also lowered.
  • the external extraction quantum efficiency decreases due to a decrease in the drying rate, which is not preferable.
  • the drying speed is too high, and thus drying unevenness deteriorates, which is not preferable.
  • the thickness of the liquid film produced by the wet method according to the present invention is 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. If it is less than 1 ⁇ m, it is too thin to control the drying, and if it exceeds 100 ⁇ m, it takes too much time for drying, which is not preferable because uneven coating is deteriorated.
  • the thickness of the liquid film can be adjusted by controlling the gap of the applicator and the amount of liquid.
  • the speed of the air blowing in the step of removing the solvent by the air blowing of the present invention is 0.1 m / s to 5 m / s. More preferably, it is 0.1 m / s to 3 m / s. Furthermore, 0.1 m / s to 2 m / s is preferable. If it is less than 0.1 m / s, the light emission efficiency is lowered by changing the morphology of the coating film, and if it is 5 m / s or more, the coating unevenness is deteriorated due to the wind speed unevenness, which is not preferable.
  • the air blowing speed here refers to the speed of the wind applied to the coating surface.
  • the time until the air is blown after coating in the present invention is 0 second to 60 seconds. More preferably, it is 1 second to 10 seconds. Furthermore, 1 to 5 seconds is preferable. If it is longer than 60 seconds, dissolution of the lower layer occurs, so that the external extraction quantum efficiency deteriorates.
  • boiling point of solvent The boiling point of the solvent used in the present invention is preferably less than 200 ° C. More preferably, it is 150 degrees C or less. At 200 ° C. or higher, the external extraction quantum efficiency may decrease due to an increase in residual solvent.
  • the temperature of the wind in the present invention is preferably equal to or lower than the coating environment temperature, and the coating environment temperature is preferably 15 ° C. to 40 ° C. in consideration of external extraction quantum efficiency, coating unevenness, and the like. If it is higher than the coating environment temperature, the external extraction quantum efficiency may deteriorate.
  • the organic compound used in the present invention is preferably a low-molecular compound in consideration of external extraction quantum efficiency, lifetime, and the like.
  • a low molecular weight compound having a molecular weight of less than 1600 an improvement in external extraction quantum efficiency is remarkably exhibited.
  • the low molecular weight compound means a compound having a molecular weight of 1600 to 300.
  • the layer to be formed is preferably a light emitting layer.
  • the drying in the present invention in the light emitting layer the external extraction quantum efficiency can be greatly improved.
  • the method for applying the solution is preferably a dip coating method, a spin coating method, a blade method, or a slit coating method. This is a coating method suitable for forming a uniform coating film over a large area. By applying the present invention by these methods, coating unevenness can be greatly improved.
  • Anode / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / cathode ii) Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / cathode (iii) Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron Transport layer / cathode (iv) Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / cathode buffer layer / cathode (v) Anode / anode buffer layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole Blocking layer / electron transport layer / cathode buffer layer / cathode.
  • the light emitting layer according to the method for producing the organic EL device of the present invention is a layer that emits light by recombination of electrons and holes injected from the electrode, the electron transport layer, or the hole transport layer, and the light emitting portion emits light
  • the interface between the light emitting layer and the adjacent layer may be within the layer.
  • the film thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but from 2 nm in consideration of the uniformity of the film to be formed and the application of unnecessary high voltage during light emission, and the improvement of the stability of the emission color with respect to the drive current. It is preferable to adjust to a range of 200 nm, and more preferably to a range of 5 nm to 100 nm.
  • the light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention preferably contains at least one of a host compound and a light emitting dopant as a guest material, and more preferably contains a host compound and three or more light emitting dopants.
  • the host compound and light emitting dopant contained in the light emitting layer will be described below.
  • the host compound in the present invention is a phosphorescent quantum yield of phosphorescence emission at a room temperature (25 ° C.) having a mass ratio of 20% or more in the compound contained in the light emitting layer. Is a compound of less than 0.1.
  • the phosphorescence quantum yield is preferably less than 0.01. Moreover, it is preferable that the mass ratio in the layer is 20% or more among the compounds contained in a light emitting layer.
  • known host compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the organic EL element can be taken out with high external quantum efficiency.
  • the host compound used in the present invention a conventionally known low molecular compound is preferable.
  • Luminescent dopant The light emitting dopant used in the present invention will be described.
  • the light-emitting dopant used in the present invention a fluorescent dopant or a phosphorescent dopant can be used. From the viewpoint of obtaining an organic EL element with higher external extraction quantum efficiency, the light-emitting layer and light emission of the organic EL element of the present invention.
  • a light-emitting dopant used for the unit it is preferable to contain a phosphorescent dopant at the same time as containing the host compound.
  • the phosphorescent dopant can be appropriately selected from known materials used for the light emitting layer of the organic EL device.
  • the phosphorescent dopant used in the present invention is preferably a complex compound containing a group 8 to group 10 metal in the periodic table of elements, more preferably an iridium compound, an osmium compound, or a platinum compound (platinum complex system). Compound) and rare earth complexes, and most preferred is an iridium compound. Further, the phosphorescent dopant is preferably a low molecular compound.
  • Injection layer electron injection layer, hole injection layer >> The injection layer is provided as necessary, and there are an electron injection layer and a hole injection layer, and as described above, it exists between the anode and the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer and between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer. May be.
  • An injection layer is a layer provided between an electrode and an organic layer in order to reduce drive voltage and improve light emission luminance.
  • Organic EL element and its forefront of industrialization (issued by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998) ) ", Chapter 2, Chapter 2," Electrode Materials “(pages 123 to 166), which has a hole injection layer (anode buffer layer) and an electron injection layer (cathode buffer layer).
  • anode buffer layer hole injection layer
  • copper phthalocyanine is used.
  • examples thereof include a phthalocyanine buffer layer represented by an oxide, an oxide buffer layer represented by vanadium oxide, an amorphous carbon buffer layer, and a polymer buffer layer using a conductive polymer such as polyaniline (emeraldine) or polythiophene.
  • ferrocene compounds described in JP-A-6-025658 starburst type compounds described in JP-A-10-233287, JP-A-2000-068058, JP-A-2004-6321 Triarylamine type compounds described in the publication, sulfur-containing ring-containing compounds described in JP-A No. 2002-117879, US Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0158242, US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / Examples of the hole injection layer include hexaazatriphenylene compounds described in Japanese Patent No. 0251922, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-49393, and the like.
  • the organic EL device manufacturing method of the present invention may be applied to any of the organic layers of the organic EL device, but is preferably applied to a layer adjacent to the electrode, particularly an anode buffer layer (hole injection). It is most preferable to apply to a layer or a hole injecting and transporting layer.
  • cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) The details of the cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) are described in JP-A-6-325871, JP-A-9-17574, JP-A-10-74586, and the like. Specifically, strontium, aluminum, etc.
  • Metal buffer layer typified by lithium, alkali metal compound buffer layer typified by lithium fluoride, alkaline earth metal compound buffer layer typified by magnesium fluoride, oxide buffer layer typified by aluminum oxide, etc.
  • the buffer layer (injection layer) is preferably a very thin film, and the film thickness is preferably in the range of 0.1 nm to 5 ⁇ m, depending on the material.
  • ⁇ Blocking layer hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer>
  • the blocking layer is provided as necessary in addition to the basic constituent layer of the organic compound thin film as described above. For example, it is described in JP-A Nos. 11-204258 and 11-204359, and “Organic EL elements and the forefront of industrialization (published by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998)” on page 237. There is a hole blocking (hole blocking) layer.
  • the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons and has a remarkably small ability to transport holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved by blocking. Moreover, the structure of the electron carrying layer mentioned later can be used as a hole-blocking layer concerning the manufacturing method of the organic EL element of this invention as needed.
  • the hole blocking layer of the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably provided adjacent to the light emitting layer.
  • the hole blocking layer preferably contains the azacarbazole derivative mentioned as the host compound described above.
  • the hole element layer preferably has an ionization potential of 0.3 eV or more larger than the host compound of the light emitting layer.
  • the ionization potential is preferably 0.3 eV or more larger than the host compound located closest to the cathode.
  • the ionization potential is defined by the energy required to emit electrons at the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) level of the compound to the vacuum level, and can be obtained by, for example, the following method.
  • Gaussian 98 (Gaussian 98, Revision A.11.4, MJ Frisch, et al, Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburgh PA, 2002.), a molecular orbital calculation software manufactured by Gaussian, USA, is used as a keyword.
  • the ionization potential can be obtained as a value obtained by rounding off the second decimal place of a value (eV unit converted value) calculated by performing structural optimization using B3LYP / 6-31G *.
  • eV unit converted value eV unit converted value
  • the ionization potential can also be obtained by a method of directly measuring by photoelectron spectroscopy.
  • a low energy electron spectrometer “Model AC-1” manufactured by Riken Keiki, or a method known as ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy can be suitably used.
  • the electron blocking layer has a function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a material that has a function of transporting holes and has an extremely small ability to transport electrons, and transports electrons while transporting holes. By blocking, the recombination probability of electrons and holes can be improved. Moreover, the structure of the positive hole transport layer mentioned later can be used as an electron blocking layer as needed.
  • the film thickness of the hole blocking layer and the electron transport layer according to the present invention is preferably 3 nm to 100 nm, and more preferably 5 nm to 30 nm.
  • the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and in a broad sense, a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer are also included in the hole transport layer.
  • the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
  • the hole transport material has either hole injection or transport or electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
  • triazole derivatives oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives
  • Examples thereof include stilbene derivatives and silazane derivatives.
  • the above-mentioned materials can be used as the hole transport material, but it is preferable to use a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound and a styrylamine compound, particularly an aromatic tertiary amine compound.
  • aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminophenyl; N, N′-diphenyl-N, N ′′ — Bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine (TPD); 2,2-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) propane; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) cyclohexane; N, N, N ′, N′-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolyl) Aminophenyl) -4-phenylcyclohexane; bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane; bis (4-di-p-tolyla
  • No. 5,061,569 Having a condensed aromatic ring of, for example, 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (NPD), JP-A-4-308 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine in which three triphenylamine units described in Japanese Patent No. 88 are linked in a starburst type ( MTDATA) and the like.
  • NPD 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl
  • JP-A-4-308 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine in which three triphenylamine units described in Japanese Patent No. 88 are linked in a starburst type ( MTDATA) and the
  • a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
  • inorganic compounds such as p-type-Si and p-type-SiC can also be used as the hole injection material and the hole transport material.
  • JP-A-11-251067 J. Org. Huang et. al.
  • a so-called p-type hole transport material described in a book (Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), p. 139) can also be used.
  • the hole transport layer can be formed by thinning the hole transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, or a casting method.
  • a vacuum deposition method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, or a casting method.
  • a vacuum deposition method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, or a casting method.
  • a hole transport layer having a high p property doped with impurities examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-2000-196140, JP-A-2001-102175, J. Pat. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
  • the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer are also included in the electron transport layer.
  • the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
  • an electron transport material also serving as a hole blocking material used for an electron transport layer adjacent to the light emitting layer on the cathode side is injected from the cathode.
  • any material can be selected and used from among conventionally known compounds. For example, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives Thiopyrandioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives and the like.
  • a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, and a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material.
  • a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
  • metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives such as tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum (Alq), tris (5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinol) aluminum Tris (2-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, bis (8-quinolinol) zinc (Znq), and the like, and the central metals of these metal complexes are In, Mg, Metal complexes replaced with Cu, Ca, Sn, Ga or Pb can also be used as the electron transport material.
  • metal-free or metal phthalocyanine or those having terminal ends substituted with an alkyl group or a sulfonic acid group can be preferably used as the electron transporting material.
  • the distyrylpyrazine derivative exemplified as the material for the light emitting layer can also be used as an electron transport material, and an inorganic semiconductor such as n-type-Si, n-type-SiC, etc. as in the case of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer. Can also be used as an electron transporting material.
  • the electron transport layer can be formed by thinning the electron transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, or a casting method. Although there is no restriction
  • the electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
  • n-type electron transport layer doped with impurities examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-10-270172, JP-A-2000-196140, 2001-102175, J.A. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
  • an electron transport layer having such a high n property because an element with lower power consumption can be produced.
  • an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
  • electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
  • conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
  • an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) capable of forming a transparent conductive film may be used.
  • a thin film may be formed by vapor deposition or sputtering of these electrode materials, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by photolithography, or when pattern accuracy is not so high (about 100 ⁇ m or more) A pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material.
  • wet film forming methods such as a printing system and a coating system, can also be used.
  • the transmittance be greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
  • the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm.
  • cathode As the cathode, a material having a work function (4 eV or less) metal (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound and a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used. Specific examples of such electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
  • a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture, Magnesium / aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
  • the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
  • the sheet resistance as the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 nm to 200 nm.
  • the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 nm to 200 nm.
  • a transparent or translucent cathode can be produced by producing the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode thereon, By applying this, an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.
  • the substrate that can be used in the organic EL device of the present invention is not particularly limited in the type of glass, plastic, and the like, and may be transparent or opaque. When extracting light from the substrate side, the substrate is preferably transparent. Examples of the transparent substrate preferably used include glass, quartz, and a transparent resin film. A particularly preferable substrate is a resin film capable of giving flexibility to the organic EL element.
  • polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), Cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate phthalate (TAC) and cellulose nitrate or derivatives thereof, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene vinyl alcohol, syndiotactic polystyrene, polycarbonate, norbornene resin, polymethylpentene, polyether ketone, polyimide , Polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone , Polyetherimide, polyether ketone imide, polyamide, fluorine resin, nylon, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylic or polyarylates, and cycloolefin resins such as ARTON (manufactured by J
  • An inorganic or organic film or a hybrid film of both may be formed on the surface of the resin film, and a barrier film having a water vapor permeability of 0.01 g / m 2 / day ⁇ atm or less is preferable. Further, a high barrier film having an oxygen permeability of 10 ⁇ 3 g / m 2 / day or less and a water vapor permeability of 10 ⁇ 5 g / m 2 / day or less is preferable.
  • the material for forming the barrier film may be any material that has a function of suppressing the intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen.
  • silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like can be used.
  • the method for forming the barrier film is not particularly limited.
  • vacuum deposition, sputtering, reactive sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, cluster ion beam, ion plating, plasma polymerization, atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization A plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, or the like can be used, but an atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization method as described in JP-A-2004-68143 is particularly preferable.
  • the opaque substrate examples include metal plates such as aluminum and stainless steel, films, opaque resin substrates, ceramic substrates, and the like.
  • the external extraction quantum efficiency at room temperature of light emission of the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 5% or more.
  • external extraction quantum efficiency (%) (number of photons emitted to the outside of the organic EL element) / (number of electrons passed through the organic EL element) ⁇ 100.
  • a hue improvement filter such as a color filter may be used in combination, or a color conversion filter that converts the emission color from the organic EL element into multiple colors using a phosphor may be used in combination.
  • the ⁇ max of light emission of the organic EL element is preferably 480 nm or less.
  • the sealing member may be disposed so as to cover the display area of the organic EL element, and may be a concave plate shape or a flat plate shape. Further, transparency and electrical insulation are not particularly limited.
  • Specific examples include a glass plate, a polymer plate / film, and a metal plate / film.
  • the glass plate include soda-lime glass, barium / strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, and quartz.
  • the polymer plate include polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfide, and polysulfone.
  • the metal plate include those made of one or more metals or alloys selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, zinc, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, silicon, germanium, and tantalum.
  • a polymer film and a metal film can be preferably used because the organic EL element can be thinned.
  • the polymer film is measured by the measured oxygen permeability by the method based on JIS K 7126-1987 is 1 ⁇ 10 -3 ml / m 2 / 24h ⁇ atm or less, in conformity with JIS K 7129-1992 method is water vapor transmission rate (25 ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)% RH) is preferably that of 1 ⁇ 10 -3 g / (m 2 / 24h) or less.
  • sealing member For processing the sealing member into a concave shape, sandblasting, chemical etching, or the like is used.
  • the adhesive include photocuring and thermosetting adhesives having reactive vinyl groups of acrylic acid oligomers and methacrylic acid oligomers, and moisture curing adhesives such as 2-cyanoacrylates. be able to.
  • hot-melt type polyamide, polyester, and polyolefin can be mentioned.
  • a cationic curing type ultraviolet curing epoxy resin adhesive can be mentioned.
  • an organic EL element may deteriorate by heat processing, what can be adhesively cured from room temperature to 80 ° C. is preferable.
  • a desiccant may be dispersed in the adhesive.
  • coating of the adhesive agent to a sealing part may use commercially available dispenser, and may print like screen printing.
  • an inorganic or organic layer as a sealing film by covering the electrode and the organic layer on the outer side of the electrode facing the substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween, and in contact with the substrate.
  • the material for forming the film may be any material that has a function of suppressing intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen.
  • silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like may be used. it can.
  • vacuum deposition sputtering, reactive sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, cluster ion beam, ion plating, plasma polymerization, atmospheric pressure plasma
  • a combination method a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, or the like can be used.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or an inert liquid such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or silicon oil in the gas phase and the liquid phase.
  • a vacuum can also be used.
  • a hygroscopic compound can also be enclosed inside.
  • Examples of the hygroscopic compound include metal oxides (eg, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide), sulfates (eg, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate). Etc.), metal halides (eg calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, cesium fluoride, tantalum fluoride, cerium bromide, magnesium bromide, barium iodide, magnesium iodide etc.), perchloric acids (eg perchloric acid) Barium, magnesium perchlorate, and the like), and anhydrous salts are preferably used in sulfates, metal halides, and perchloric acids.
  • metal oxides eg, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide
  • sulfates eg, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt
  • the organic EL device manufacturing method of the present invention is characterized in that a part or the whole of an organic layer sandwiched between an anode and a cathode is formed by a wet method.
  • the wet method referred to in the present invention is to form a layer by supplying a layer forming material in the form of a solution when forming a layer.
  • an organic EL device of the present invention a method for producing an organic EL device comprising an anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode will be described.
  • an anode is produced by forming a thin film made of a desired electrode material, for example, an anode material on a suitable substrate by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering so as to have a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm.
  • a method for forming each of these layers there are a vapor deposition method, a wet method (a spin coating method, a casting method, an extrusion method, etc., a so-called die coating method) and the like as described above. Furthermore, in the present invention, formation by a spin coating method or an extrusion method is preferable from the viewpoint that a homogeneous film is easily obtained and pinholes are hardly generated.
  • Examples of the solvent for dissolving the organic EL material according to the method for producing the organic EL device of the present invention include nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone and the like.
  • Ketone (carbonyl) s, fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorobenzene, amides such as DMF, sulfoxides such as DMSO, and organic solvents such as nitromethane can be used.
  • a thin film made of a cathode material is formed thereon by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering so as to have a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 200 nm, and a cathode is provided.
  • a desired organic EL element can be obtained.
  • a DC voltage is applied to the multicolor display device thus obtained, light emission can be observed by applying a voltage of about 2 V to 40 V with the positive polarity of the anode and the negative polarity of the cathode.
  • An alternating voltage may be applied.
  • the alternating current waveform to be applied may be arbitrary.
  • a protective film or a protective plate may be provided outside the sealing film or the sealing film on the side facing the substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween.
  • the mechanical strength is not necessarily high, and thus it is preferable to provide such a protective film and a protective plate.
  • the same glass plate, polymer plate / film, metal plate / film, and the like used for the sealing can be used, but the polymer film is light and thin. Is preferably used.
  • the organic EL element emits light inside a layer having a refractive index higher than that of air (refractive index is about 1.7 to 2.1) and can extract only about 15% to 20% of the light generated in the light emitting layer. It is generally said. This is because the light incident on the interface (interface between the transparent substrate and air) at an angle ⁇ greater than the critical angle causes total reflection and cannot be taken out of the element, or between the transparent electrode or the light emitting layer and the transparent substrate. This is because the light is totally reflected between the light and the light is guided through the transparent electrode or the light emitting layer, and as a result, the light escapes in the direction of the element side surface.
  • a method of improving the light extraction efficiency for example, a method of forming irregularities on the surface of the transparent substrate and preventing total reflection at the transparent substrate and the air interface (US Pat. No. 4,774,435), A method for improving efficiency by providing light condensing property to a substrate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-314795), a method of forming a reflective surface on a side surface of an organic EL element (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394), a substrate A method of forming an antireflection film by introducing a flat layer having an intermediate refractive index between the substrate and the light emitter (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
  • a method of introducing a flat layer having a structure Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-202827, a method of forming a diffraction grating between any one of the substrate, the transparent electrode layer and the light emitting layer (including between the substrate and the outside world) No. 283751) That.
  • these methods for improving the light extraction efficiency can be used in combination with the organic EL element according to the method for producing the organic EL element of the present invention.
  • a method of introducing a flat layer having a refractive index or a method of forming a diffraction grating between any one of the substrate, the transparent electrode layer and the light emitting layer (including between the substrate and the outside) can be suitably used.
  • an organic EL device having higher luminance or durability can be obtained by combining these means.
  • the low refractive index layer examples include aerogel, porous silica, magnesium fluoride, and a fluorine-based polymer. Since the refractive index of the transparent substrate is generally about 1.5 to 1.7, the low refractive index layer preferably has a refractive index of about 1.5 or less. Further, it is preferably 1.35 or less.
  • the thickness of the low refractive index medium is preferably at least twice the wavelength in the medium. This is because the effect of the low refractive index layer is diminished when the thickness of the low refractive index medium is about the wavelength of light and the electromagnetic wave that has exuded by evanescent enters the substrate.
  • the method of introducing a diffraction grating into an interface or any medium that causes total reflection is characterized by a high effect of improving light extraction efficiency.
  • This method uses the property that the diffraction grating can change the direction of light to a specific direction different from refraction by so-called Bragg diffraction such as first-order diffraction and second-order diffraction.
  • Light that cannot be emitted due to total internal reflection between layers is diffracted by introducing a diffraction grating in any layer or medium (in a transparent substrate or transparent electrode), and the light is removed. I want to take it out.
  • the diffraction grating to be introduced has a two-dimensional periodic refractive index. This is because light emitted from the light-emitting layer is randomly generated in all directions, so in a general one-dimensional diffraction grating having a periodic refractive index distribution only in a certain direction, only light traveling in a specific direction is diffracted. Therefore, the light extraction efficiency does not increase so much. However, by making the refractive index distribution a two-dimensional distribution, light traveling in all directions is diffracted, and light extraction efficiency is increased.
  • the position where the diffraction grating is introduced may be in any of the layers or in the medium (in the transparent substrate or the transparent electrode), but is preferably in the vicinity of the organic light emitting layer where light is generated.
  • the period of the diffraction grating is preferably about 1/2 to 3 times the wavelength of light in the medium.
  • the arrangement of the diffraction grating is preferably two-dimensionally repeated such as a square lattice, a triangular lattice, or a honeycomb lattice.
  • the organic EL device of the present invention is processed on the light extraction side of the substrate so as to provide, for example, a microlens array-like structure, or combined with a so-called condensing sheet, for example, with respect to a specific direction, for example, the device light emitting surface.
  • a specific direction for example, the device light emitting surface.
  • quadrangular pyramids having a side of 30 ⁇ m and an apex angle of 90 degrees are arranged two-dimensionally on the light extraction side of the substrate.
  • One side is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. If it becomes smaller than this, the effect of diffraction will generate
  • the condensing sheet it is possible to use, for example, a sheet that has been put to practical use in an LED backlight of a liquid crystal display device.
  • a sheet for example, Sumitomo 3M brightness enhancement film (BEF) can be used.
  • BEF Sumitomo 3M brightness enhancement film
  • the shape of the prism sheet for example, a triangle stripe having a vertex angle of 90 degrees and a pitch of 50 ⁇ m may be formed on the substrate, the vertex angle may be rounded, and the pitch may be changed randomly. Other shapes may be used.
  • a light diffusion plate / film may be used in combination with the light collecting sheet.
  • a diffusion film (light-up) manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd. can be used.
  • the organic EL element of the present invention can be used as a display device, a display, and various light emission sources.
  • lighting devices home lighting, interior lighting
  • clock and liquid crystal backlights billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources of optical storage media, light sources of electrophotographic copying machines, light sources of optical communication processors, light
  • the light source of a sensor etc. are mentioned, It is not limited to this, Especially, it can use effectively for the use as a backlight of a liquid crystal display device, and a light source for illumination.
  • FIG. 4 on page 108 of “New Color Science Handbook” shows the color of light emitted from the organic EL device of the present invention and the compound relating to the method for producing the organic EL device of the present invention. .16, the color measured when the spectral radiance meter CS-1000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.) is applied to the CIE chromaticity coordinates is determined.
  • the light emitting layer of the organic EL device according to the present invention preferably contains at least one of a host compound and a light emitting dopant as a guest material.
  • Example 1 (Production of substrate) On a commercially available non-alkali glass substrate, an ITO film having a thickness of 110 nm was provided as a transparent electrode by a sputtering apparatus. The substrate was fabricated by patterning ITO so that a 4 mm ⁇ 4 mm light-emitting portion was obtained by photolithography. The film thickness is a value measured with a laser interferometer.
  • the substrate was transferred to a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere in accordance with ISO 14644-1, with a measured cleanliness of class 5, dew point temperature of ⁇ 80 ° C. or lower, and oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm.
  • the oxygen concentration of the glove box indicates a value measured with a galvanocell oximeter.
  • ⁇ Hole transport layer coating solution The concentration of poly-triphenyldiamine (ADS254, manufactured by American Dye Source) was adjusted with chlorobenzene so that the film thickness was 20 nm.
  • the light emitting layer and the electron transport layer were formed by vapor deposition as follows.
  • the substrate provided up to the electron transport layer was moved to a vapor deposition machine without being exposed to the atmosphere, and the pressure was reduced to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa.
  • potassium fluoride was put into a resistance heating boat made of tantalum, and aluminum was put into a resistance heating boat made of tungsten, and was installed in the vapor deposition machine.
  • a resistance heating boat containing potassium fluoride was energized and heated to provide a 3 nm electron injection layer made of potassium fluoride on the substrate.
  • a resistance heating boat containing aluminum was heated by energization, and a cathode having a film thickness of 100 nm made of aluminum was attached at a deposition rate of 1 nm / second to 2 nm / second.
  • a film thickness shows the value measured with the laser interferometer.
  • the substrate attached to the cathode was transferred to a glove box with a measured cleanliness class 5 in accordance with ISO 14644-1, a dew point temperature of -80 ° C or less, and an oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm in a nitrogen atmosphere. did.
  • the oxygen concentration is a value measured with a galvanocell oximeter.
  • the device was fabricated by sealing with a glass sealing can with barium oxide as a rehydrating agent.
  • Barium oxide which is a water replenisher, was made by sticking high-purity barium oxide powder made by Aldrich to a glass sealing can with a fluororesin semi-permeable membrane (Microtex S-NTF8031Q made by Nitto Denko) with an adhesive. Things were prepared and used in advance.
  • An ultraviolet curable adhesive was used for bonding the sealing can and the organic EL element, and both were bonded by irradiating an ultraviolet lamp to produce a sealing element.
  • a light emitting layer coating solution was prepared as follows, and the coating film thickness was adjusted to be as shown in Tables 2 and 3 with an applicator which is a blade method, and applied.
  • the coating solution concentration was adjusted according to the liquid film so that the film thickness was constant. Furthermore, it heated at 150 degreeC for 30 minutes, and provided the light emitting layer.
  • the film thickness was 40 nm when it apply
  • the coating conditions of the light emitting layers 2-1 to 2-37 are as shown in Tables 2 and 3.
  • a film thickness shows the value measured with the laser interferometer.
  • ⁇ Light emitting layer coating solution> In the solvents described in Tables 2 and 3, Ir-A is 20% by mass with respect to HA, Ir-1 is 2% by mass with respect to HA, and Ir-14 is with respect to HA. The concentration was adjusted to 0.1% by mass so that the film thickness was 40 nm. In addition, a film thickness shows the value measured with the laser interferometer.
  • an electron transport layer was provided by vapor deposition in the same manner as in the organic EL elements 1-1 to 1-12, and further, the sealing element was manufactured in the same manner as in the manufacture of the organic EL elements 1-1 to 1-12.
  • a hole transport layer and a light emitting layer were formed by vapor deposition in the same manner as described above.
  • an electron transport layer coating solution was prepared as follows, and the coating film thickness was adjusted so as to be as shown in Table 1 using an applicator that was a blade method.
  • the coating solution concentration was adjusted according to the liquid film so that the film thickness was constant. Furthermore, it heated at 150 degreeC for 30 minutes, and the object for electron carrying layers was provided.
  • the film thickness was 30 nm when it apply
  • the coating conditions for the electron transport layers 3-1 to 3-11 are as shown in Table 4.
  • the film thickness is a value measured with a laser interferometer.
  • Level where there is no unevenness and no problem 3 Level where slight unevenness is observed, but there is no problem in use 1: Level where unevenness is large and causes problems in use.
  • the organic EL devices 1-7 to 1-12, in which the hole transport layer was prepared by the manufacturing method of the present invention, are superior in comparison with the comparative device in both coating unevenness and external extraction quantum efficiency. I understand.
  • Tables 6 and 7 show that the light-emitting layer and the electron transport layer were prepared by the production method of the present invention, respectively. ing.
  • Table 8 shows an organic EL device in which two or more of the hole transport layer, the light emitting layer, and the electron transport layer are prepared by the production method of the present invention. It turns out that it is excellent.
  • the compounds used in the coating solution for the hole injection layer are described in ferrocene compounds described in JP-A-6-025658, JP-A-10-233287, and the like.
  • a starburst type compound, a triarylamine type compound described in JP-A-2000-068058, JP-A-2004-6321, and a sulfur-containing ring-containing compound described in JP-A-2002-1171979 The compound is changed to the hexaazatriphenylene compound described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0158242, US Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0251922, JP-A-2006-49393, and the like.
  • Using a solvent having the same substituent corresponding to the compound otherwise the device was It was manufactured, as well as excellent effect was obtained.
  • the device was produced by changing the coating method to the dip coating method, the spin coating method, and the slit coating method, and the same results were obtained.
  • the element was produced by changing the air blowing method to an air knife method in which air blown in a flat shape was moved in a certain direction, but the same excellent results were obtained. It was.

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  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément électroluminescent organique qui peut être produit de façon stable par un processus par voie humide, présente un rendement quantique externe élevé et n'est que rarement sujet à une irrégularité de revêtement. Elle concerne aussi un procédé de production de l'élément électroluminescent organique. Elle concerne spécifiquement un procédé de production d'un élément électroluminescent organique par un processus par voie humide dans lequel au moins une couche est formée par les étapes consistant à appliquer une solution préparée en dissolvant un matériau organique dans un solvant puis à retirer le solvant d'un produit de revêtement par soufflage d'air, où la température d'une solution de revêtement, la température d'un substrat et la température de l'environnement de revêtement répondent aux exigences représentées par la formule suivante : (la température d'un environnement de revêtement) ≥ (la température d'une solution de revêtement) ≥ (la température d'un substrat), l'épaisseur d'une pellicule liquide formée est comprise entre 1 et 100 µm, la vitesse du souffle d'air est comprise entre 0,1 et 5 m/s, et le temps entre l'achèvement de l'application et l'initiation du souffle d'air est compris entre 0 et 60 secondes.
PCT/JP2010/050327 2009-01-22 2010-01-14 Élément électroluminescent organique et son procédé de production WO2010084816A1 (fr)

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JP2013149812A (ja) * 2012-01-20 2013-08-01 Konica Minolta Inc 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、照明装置及び表示装置
JP2013206865A (ja) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-07 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 塗布膜形成装置

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JP2013206865A (ja) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-07 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 塗布膜形成装置

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