WO2010071220A1 - 電気電子部品用銅合金材およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
電気電子部品用銅合金材およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010071220A1 WO2010071220A1 PCT/JP2009/071263 JP2009071263W WO2010071220A1 WO 2010071220 A1 WO2010071220 A1 WO 2010071220A1 JP 2009071263 W JP2009071263 W JP 2009071263W WO 2010071220 A1 WO2010071220 A1 WO 2010071220A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a copper alloy material for electrical and electronic parts suitable for electrical and electronic parts such as terminals and connectors, and a method for producing the same.
- Copper alloys such as phosphor bronze (JIS C5210, JIS C5191, etc.) or brass (JIS C2600) have excellent workability and mechanical strength, so connectors, terminals, etc. for electronic devices and automotive wiring applications It is used for electrical and electronic parts.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 do not satisfy all of the strength (tensile strength), bending workability, and punching workability.
- the present inventors have found that punching workability can be improved while maintaining strength (tensile strength) and bending workability, and further investigation This has led to the completion of the present invention.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a copper alloy material excellent in various properties (particularly tensile strength, bending workability, punching workability) required for electrical and electronic parts such as connector terminals.
- a compound having a smaller diameter (compound X below) that refines crystal grains in a copper alloy and a compound having a larger diameter (compound Y below) that improve punching workability are respectively present.
- One of the features is that it is contained in an appropriate amount.
- two kinds of compounds having different sizes can be generated through a specific process. That is, according to the present invention, the following solutions are provided.
- the average diameter of crystal grains being 1
- Compound X having an average diameter of 30 to 300 nm and a density of 10 4 to 10 8 particles / mm 2 is distributed, and Compound Y having an average diameter of more than 0.3 ⁇ m and 5.0 ⁇ m or less is distributed.
- a copper alloy material for electrical and electronic parts characterized by being distributed at a density of 10 2 to 10 6 pieces / mm 2 and having a tensile strength of 600 MPa or more, [3] The copper alloy material for electrical and electronic parts according to [1] or [2], wherein the average value of the average diameter of the compound X is 50 nm or more and 200 nm or less, [4] The copper alloy material for electrical and electronic parts according to [1] or [2], wherein the average value of the average diameter of the compound Y is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 3.0 ⁇ m or less, [5] For the compound Y, a ratio represented by ⁇ (density of compound Y in a region within 10% thickness from the surface layer) / (density of compound Y in a region of thickness 40 to 60% from the surface layer) ⁇ The copper alloy material for electrical and electronic parts according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein is 0.8 to 1.0, [6] A method for producing a copper alloy material for electrical and
- the copper alloy material for electrical and electronic parts of the present invention has a high tensile strength (TS) of 600 MPa or higher, and preferably has a tensile strength of 700 MPa or higher.
- TS tensile strength
- 800 Mpa or less is preferable.
- the copper alloy material of the present invention can improve punching workability without impairing strength (tensile strength) and bending workability, and is a high level required for copper alloys for terminals and connectors for electric and electronic parts, for example.
- the following characteristics can be obtained.
- a plate material is particularly referred to as a copper alloy material.
- the shape of the copper alloy material of the present invention is preferably plate-shaped (plate material, strip material, etc.) on the premise that it is punched.
- the copper alloy material of the present invention by containing at least one element of iron (Fe) or nickel (Ni) and phosphorus (P) in the copper alloy, a compound composed of these additional elements (specifically, Fe-P, Ni-P, Fe-Ni-P).
- this compound is defined by dividing it into fine compound X (diameter of 30 nm to 300 nm) and compound Y larger than compound X (diameter of greater than 0.3 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m).
- the diameter (average diameter) and density of the compound were measured by taking a photograph of a cross section in the rolling parallel direction with a transmission electron microscope and measuring the diameter (average value of the major axis and minor axis) and density of the compound on the photograph. Is.
- the reason why the average diameter of the compound X in the copper alloy is in the range of 30 nm or more and 300 nm or less is to refine the crystal grains. If the particle is too small, the grain boundary cannot be pinned, and the effect of refining the crystal grain cannot be obtained. On the other hand, for grains larger than this, the above-mentioned grain boundary pinning and the resulting grain refinement effect are small.
- the average diameter of the compound X is preferably 50 nm or more and 200 nm or less. Moreover, the average value of the average diameter of the compound X is preferably 50 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- a compound having an average diameter of less than 30 nm hardly affects punching workability and bending workability, but if the density of such a compound becomes too high, compound X or compound The density of Y decreases. Therefore, the density of the compound having an average diameter of less than 30 nm is preferably as low as possible.
- the reason why the density of the compound X is 10 4 to 10 8 pieces / mm 2 is that the above crystal grains can be produced stably. If the density of the compound X is too low, the growth of crystal grains cannot be suppressed, resulting in coarsening. If the density of the compound X is too high, the diameter of the compound becomes small and the growth of crystal grains cannot be suppressed, and the crystal grains become coarse.
- the density of the compound X is preferably 10 5 to 10 8 pieces / mm 2 , more preferably 10 6 to 10 8 pieces / mm 2 .
- the reason why the average diameter of the compound Y is set to be larger than 0.3 ⁇ m and not larger than 5.0 ⁇ m is to improve the punching workability. Particles that are larger than this cause stress concentration during bending and cause bending cracks starting from this point. On the other hand, with particles smaller than this, the effect of improving punchability is small. Moreover, when there are too many compounds smaller than the compound Y, the density of the compound Y will fall.
- the average diameter of Compound Y is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 3.0 ⁇ m or less. Moreover, the average value of the average diameter of the compound Y becomes like this. Preferably they are 0.5 micrometer or more and 3.0 micrometers or less, More preferably, they are 0.6 micrometer or more and 3.0 micrometers or less.
- the reason why the density of the compound Y is 10 2 to 10 6 pieces / mm 2 is that the punching processability is improved. If the density of the compound Y is too low, the punching processability cannot be improved because the density of the compound Y, which should be the starting point of the crack at the time of punching, is low. If the density of the compound Y is too high, the diameter of the compound becomes small and the growth of crystal grains cannot be suppressed, resulting in coarsening. Moreover, bending workability is deteriorated.
- the density of the compound Y is preferably 10 3 to 10 5 pieces / mm 2 .
- the copper alloy material of the present invention contains tin (Sn), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe) and / or nickel (Ni), and other additive elements as necessary, with the balance being copper (Cu) and It consists of inevitable impurities.
- the reason why the Sn content is 3.0 to 13.0 mass% is that the strength (tensile strength) is improved. If the amount is too small, the strength obtained by solid solution strengthening is insufficient. If the amount is too large, a highly brittle Cu—Sn intermetallic compound is formed, resulting in a problem of deterioration of workability.
- the content is preferably 5.0 to 11.0% by mass, more preferably 7.0 to 11.0% by mass.
- Fe and Ni contained in the copper alloy material of the present invention are each preferably 0.01 to 1.0% by mass, and the total of either one or two of these is 0.01 to 2.0% by mass. %.
- the Fe content is preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass.
- the content of Ni is preferably 0.02 to 0.4% by mass.
- the total content of either one or two of Fe and Ni is preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass.
- the copper alloy material of the present invention contains 0.01 to 1.0% by mass of P, more preferably 0.03 to 0.30% by mass.
- the amount of (Fe + Ni) of the compound constituting the compound Y is 68 to 88% by mass and the amount of P is 10 to 25% by mass, it is possible to stably disperse particles that exert an effect on press punchability.
- the punching workability can be improved.
- the total content may not be 100% by mass because the compound Y may contain other elements (for example, Cu, Sn, etc.).
- the copper alloy material of the present invention may contain at least one selected from cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn). These Co, Cr, and Mn are crystallized or precipitated as a second phase (compound) with phosphorus (P), and are effective in controlling the crystal grain size and improving the punching workability.
- Co, Cr, and Mn are crystallized or precipitated as a second phase (compound) with phosphorus (P), and are effective in controlling the crystal grain size and improving the punching workability.
- the reason why the total content of one or more of Co, Cr, and Mn is 0.01 to 1.0% by mass is that the effect is not sufficiently obtained if the content is too small. If the amount is too large, a coarse compound is crystallized at the time of casting, and the bending workability is deteriorated.
- the reason why the average diameter (average crystal grain size) of the crystal grains of the copper alloy material is 1.0 to 5.0 ⁇ m is that both strength (tensile strength) and bending workability are excellent. If it is too small, the deterioration of ductility is more remarkable than the improvement of strength (tensile strength), and as a result, the toughness is inferior and the bending workability deteriorates. Moreover, there exists a problem that it cannot manufacture stably industrially. If it is too large, there arises a problem that the strength (tensile strength) obtained by crystal grain refinement is insufficient.
- the thickness is preferably 1.0 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ (the density of the compound Y in the region within 10% of the plate thickness from the plate surface layer) / (Density of Compound Y in the Region of Plate Thickness 40 to 60% from Plate Surface Layer) ⁇ is preferably 0.8 to 1.0.
- the deformation of the material at the time of pressing is considered to break from the surface layer, causing a crack and breaking. Therefore, when there are few crystallized substances (compound Y) which become the starting point of a crack in a surface layer, it will become a material which does not produce a fracture
- the surface layer has a high cooling rate during casting and a small amount of crystallized substances.
- the mold and the hard crystallized product will hit, and the mold will be worn out. This is considered that the extreme surface layer has a large amount of compound segregation.
- the segregation hardly occurs in the copper alloy material of the present invention, good punchability can be exhibited.
- an ingot produced under conditions where the cooling rate during casting is higher than 1 ° C./second and lower than 100 ° C./second is subjected to a homogenous treatment, and then the surface is the sum of both front and back surfaces.
- a recrystallized structure with a grain size of 1-5 ⁇ m is industrially produced. Can be stably produced, and variations in the processed structure and grain size in the obtained recrystallized structure can be suppressed.
- the amount of crystallized material can be controlled by regulating the cooling rate of casting, the dispersion amount of compound Y can be set to the prescribed value, the surface is faced by 1 mm or more, and cold rolling and intermediate annealing are performed.
- the rolling process is performed by cold rolling, and hot rolling is not performed. This is because hot cracking (hot rolling) of the copper alloy material of the present invention may cause processing cracks.
- cold rolling and intermediate annealing it is possible to prevent the obtained copper alloy material from becoming too hard, and to prevent processing cracks due to being too hard when thinning to a predetermined thickness.
- each process will be as follows.
- An alloy composed of Sn, P, other additive elements and the balance Cu is melted in a high-frequency melting furnace or the like, and cast at a cooling rate higher than 1 ° C./second and lower than 100 ° C./second. obtain.
- This ingot is subjected to a homogenization heat treatment at 850 ° C. to 600 ° C.
- the relationship between time and temperature is (780 ° C., 0.7 hours), (780 ° C., 4 hours) , (600 ° C., 10 hours) and (600 ° C., 2.5 hours) are subjected to homogenization heat treatment under the conditions of temperature and time surrounded by a straight line connecting the four points.
- Such preferable temperature and time homogenization heat treatment conditions are shown in FIG.
- the range enclosed by the trapezoid in FIG. 4 is the range of preferable homogenization heat treatment conditions.
- the homogenization heat treatment is preferably a relatively short time when the temperature is high, and a relatively long time when the temperature is low.
- the homogenization heat treatment temperature is too high, the crystallized product produced by casting is dissolved, and as a result, the compound Y contributing to the improvement of the punching workability is reduced. Further, even when the temperature of the homogenization heat treatment is low, if the heat treatment is performed for a long time, the compound becomes coarse and the number of compounds Y decreases, which is not preferable. It is particularly preferable to strictly control the homogenization temperature. After homogenization heat treatment, it is slowly cooled and the surface is faced by 1 mm or more. This amount of chamfering is preferably 2 mm or more. Although there is no restriction
- cold rolling a of 40 to 70% is performed, and heat treatment a is performed at 550 to 750 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours in an inert gas atmosphere, followed by gradual cooling.
- cold rolling b is performed at a rolling processing rate of 40 to 80%, heat treatment b is performed at 350 to 550 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours in an inert gas atmosphere, and a structure having an average crystal grain size of 5 to 20 ⁇ m is formed. obtain.
- the material after the heat treatment b is subjected to cold rolling c at a processing rate of 40 to 80% and then heat treatment c at 300 to 550 ° C. for 10 to 120 seconds to obtain a recrystallized structure.
- heat treatment d is performed at 300 to 550 ° C. for 5 to 200 seconds.
- the heating rate and the cooling rate are each preferably 5 ° C./second to 80 ° C./second, and more preferably about 40 ° C./second.
- the cold rolling d stores a driving force for recrystallization in the heat treatment d, and a structure having a crystal grain size of 1 to 5 ⁇ m is obtained at the end of the heat treatment d.
- Compound X mainly occurs in heat treatment c and heat treatment d.
- the compound Y mainly occurs in casting, homogeneous heat treatment, heat treatment a, and heat treatment b. Further, after the heat treatment step d, the compound X and the compound Y are uniformly dispersed.
- the working rate in the cold working b between the heat treatment a and the heat treatment b is preferably 40 to 80%, preferably 50 to 70%. When this processing rate is too high, processing cracks are caused. When the processing rate is too low, recrystallization is not completed in heat treatment b, so that there is a problem of causing work cracks in cold working after heat treatment b.
- the crystal grain size, the size of the compound X and the compound Y, and the formation density defined in the present invention can be adjusted in addition to the alloy composition, casting conditions, homogenization heat treatment, It is conditions, such as heat processing (a, b, c, d) and cold rolling (a, b, c, d), and the target copper alloy material can be obtained by prescribing this as described above. .
- the cold rolling b and the heat treatment b, and the cold rolling d and the heat treatment d are performed as necessary and can be omitted.
- the processing rate of each rolling is 40% or more, a coarse compound is crushed during rolling, and the density of the compound Y can be increased.
- the copper alloy material of the present invention can be suitably used for electrical and electronic parts such as connectors, terminals, relays, switches, and lead frames.
- the alloy of the example was produced as follows. An alloy composed of Sn, 0.07% by mass of P, other additive elements, and the balance of Cu described in each example was melted in a high-frequency melting furnace, and the cooling rate during casting was from 1 ° C./second. DC (Direct Chill) casting was performed at a speed slower than 100 ° C./second to obtain an ingot having a thickness of 30 mm, a width of 100 mm, and a length of 150 mm.
- this ingot was subjected to a homogenization treatment by heating at 800 ° C. for 1 hour, gradually cooled, and both surfaces were chamfered by 2 mm or more to remove the oxide film.
- cold rolling a was performed at a processing rate of 40 to 70%, and heat treatment a was performed at 550 to 750 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours in an inert gas atmosphere, followed by slow cooling.
- cold rolling b is performed at a rolling processing rate of 40 to 80% to obtain a plate material having a thickness of 2 to 5 mm, and heat treatment b is performed at 350 to 550 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours in an inert gas atmosphere, and 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the material after the heat treatment b was subjected to cold rolling c at a processing rate of 40 to 80% and then heat treatment c at 300 to 550 ° C. for 10 to 120 seconds.
- the plate material having a structure having an average crystal grain size of 1 to 15 ⁇ m subjected to the heat treatment c is subjected to cold rolling d at a processing rate of 40 to 70%, and then a heat treatment d of 300 to 550 ° C. for 5 to 200 seconds. Went.
- the heating rate and the cooling rate were 40 ° C./second.
- final cold rolling was performed at a processing rate of 10 to 20%, and then a strain relief heat treatment was performed at 150 to 250 ° C.
- Comparative Examples 8 and 9 are examples in which the effect when the condition of the cooling rate of casting was changed was investigated. Comparative Example 8 was carried out in the same manner as the above-described example except that the casting cooling rate was 120 ° C./second, and Comparative Example 9 was carried out at a casting cooling rate of 0.5 ° C./second.
- the measurement was performed according to the cutting method of JIS-H0501, and the cross-section of the specimen was mirror-polished and then etched, and photographed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 1000 times.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- a 200 mm line segment was drawn on this photograph, the number of crystal grains n cut by the line segment was counted, and the average crystal grain size was determined from the formula (200 mm / (n ⁇ 1000)).
- the number of crystal grains cut by the line segment is less than 20
- the number n of crystal grains cut by a line segment of 200 mm in length is counted in a 500 times photograph, and the formula of (200 mm / (n ⁇ 500)) I asked for it.
- d the formula of (200 mm / (n ⁇ 500)
- the test material is punched out to a diameter of 3 mm, and a region of 40 to 60% of the plate thickness from the plate surface layer becomes a thin film by using a twin jet polishing method. After polishing, three arbitrary 1000 to 100,000 times photographs were taken with a transmission electron microscope having an acceleration voltage of 300 kV, and the particle size and density of the compound were measured on the photographs.
- the particle size the average value of the range of the particle size of Compound X and the range of the particle size of Compound Y is shown in the table as an integer multiple of 0.005 mm.
- n 10 (n is the number of fields of observation), and the number was measured so as to eliminate the local deviation of the number. The number was calculated to the number per unit area (pieces / mm 2 ).
- Press punching process After polishing the mold, each sample was punched in a square shape with a size of 3 mm x 5 mm and subjected to continuous pressing 500 times per minute. At the stage where burrs exceeding 10 ⁇ m were generated on the surface, pressing was stopped and the number of shots up to that point was measured.
- This measurement is performed three times, and those with a minimum number of shots of 3 million times or more are indicated by “ ⁇ ” in the table as being particularly excellent in punching ability, and those with a minimum number of shots of 2 million times or more “ ⁇ ” in the table indicates that the punching property is good, and the average number of shots is 2 million times or more and the punching property is good, but the minimum number of shots is less than 2 million times.
- “ ⁇ ” indicates that there is variation
- “ ⁇ ” indicates that the average number of shots is less than 2 million shots as inferior punching performance.
- the evaluation results are shown as “Punchability (1)” in the following table.
- Examples 1 to 18 of the present invention show excellent properties in strength (tensile strength), bending workability, and punching workability.
- Comparative Example 1 since Sn is less than 3.0% by mass, the crystal grain size is large and the strength (tensile strength) is low.
- Comparative Example 2 is so-called phosphor bronze in which only Sn and P are added to Cu. However, since there is no compound (X and Y), strength (tensile strength), bending workability, and punching workability are poor.
- the total amount of Fe and Ni is not less than the upper limit, and the number of compounds Y is too large, so that the bending workability is poor.
- Comparative Examples 4 and 5 the content of Fe and Ni is more than the upper limit, and the number of compounds Y is too large, so that the bending workability is poor.
- Comparative Example 6 since the total amount of Fe and Ni is less than the lower limit, the crystal grain size is large, and both the compounds X and Y are too small, and the bending workability and punching workability are poor.
- Comparative Example 7 has poor bending workability because the Sn content is not less than the upper limit.
- Comparative Example 8 since the casting cooling rate was too high, the amount of compound (crystallized product) was small, and the density of compound Y was lower than the lower limit, so that the punching workability was poor.
- Comparative Example 9 since the cooling rate of casting was too slow, the amount of compound X produced was small, and a coarse compound (crystallized product) larger than 5 ⁇ m was produced, so that bending workability was poor.
- Comparative Example 10 since the content of P was too large, cracks occurred during cold rolling and production was stopped.
- Comparative Example 11 since the content of P was too small, the amount of compounds X and Y produced was small, the particles were large and coarse, and had poor bending workability and poor punching workability. .
- Comparative Example 12 is an example in which the heat treatment d was performed at less than 300 ° C., but the recrystallization was insufficient, the crystal grain size was too small, and the bending workability was inferior.
- Example 4 shows the existence density of compound Y in the plate thickness direction. ⁇ (density of compound Y in a region within 10% of plate thickness from plate surface layer) / (plate thickness from plate surface layer 40).
- Table 2 shows the results (Examples 4-2 to 4-4) of investigating the effect of changing the ratio represented by (the density of compound Y in the region of ⁇ 60%) ⁇ . The ratio was adjusted by changing the chamfering amount.
- both the front and back surfaces were chamfered by 3 mm each, whereas in Example 4-2 of the present invention, 2 mm, in Example 4-3, 1 mm, and in Example 4-4, 0.5 mm.
- a plate material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the amount of the one-side face was changed.
- Example 4-2 of the present invention is a case where the amount of chamfering on one side is 2 mm, and shows particularly excellent punching workability.
- Invention Example 4-3 shows a case where the amount of one-side chamfering is 1 mm, but shows good punching characteristics.
- Inventive Example 4-4 was a case where the amount of face chamfering on one side was 0.5 mm, but because of the high density of Compound Y on the surface of the plate, Inventive Example 4-2 and Inventive Example 4-3 In comparison, although the variation was seen, the punching workability was still good.
- inventive examples 4-5 to 4-7 all show good characteristics.
- Table 4 shows the results of tests conducted in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4 except that the conditions for the homogenization heat treatment were changed.
- Inventive Examples 1A to 1N, Inventive Examples 2A to 2N, Inventive Examples 3A to 3N, Inventive Examples 4A to 4N respectively, use the same ingot as in Inventive Examples 1 to 4, and use the same ingot heat treatment conditions. Except for changing, a plate material was obtained by the same process as in Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention.
- the evaluation results of press punching workability shown in Table 4 were evaluated under the same conditions as in Tables 1 to 3, and the evaluation criteria for the number of shots were changed.
- a shot having a minimum number of shots of 5 million times or more is indicated by “ ⁇ ” in the table as being particularly excellent in punchability, and a shot having a minimum value of 3 million times or more and less than 5 million times is indicated.
- “ ⁇ ” in the table indicates that the punching property is good, and the average number of shots is 3 million times or more and the punching property is good, but the minimum number of shots is less than 3 million times.
- “ ⁇ ” indicates that there is variation
- “x” indicates that the average value of the number of shots is less than 3 million times as inferior punching property.
- the evaluation results are shown as “Punchability (2)” in the following table.
- Invention Examples 1A to 1J are compared to Invention Example 1
- Invention Examples 2A to 2J are compared to Invention Example 2
- Invention Examples 3A to 3J are compared to Invention Example 3.
- Inventive Examples 4A to 4J all have a higher density of Compound Y than Inventive Example 4, and the variation in the number of punching shots of the press is small, and the punching processability is particularly excellent. .
- Invention Examples 1L to 1N are compared to Invention Example 1, Invention Examples 2L to 2N are compared to Invention Example 2, Invention Examples 3L to 3N are compared to Invention Example 3, and Invention Example In each of 4L to 4N, the density of the compound Y was decreased compared to Example 4 of the present invention, and therefore Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention showed the results of better punchability.
- Table 5 shows Examples 19 to 56 of the present invention, which were tested by varying the homogenization heat treatment conditions and the preferable range of the present invention.
- the evaluation results of press punching workability shown in Table 5 were evaluated under the same conditions as in Table 4.
- Examples 19 to 56 of the present invention have small variations in the number of shots punched by the press, and are particularly excellent in punching workability.
- Table 6 shows other comparative examples 13 to 19 of the first invention example and the results.
- Comparative Examples 13 to 14 shown in Table 6 are examples in which homogenization heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 700 ° C. for 1 hour. In the homogenization treatment under such conditions, compound Y was not sufficiently formed, and as a result, punching workability was inferior. Comparative Examples 15 to 19 are examples in which the homogenization treatment was performed at 800 ° C. for 1 hour. In the homogenization treatment under such a temperature condition, compound Y is not sufficiently formed (compound X is not present as compound Y and compound X or smaller is increased), so the density (distribution) of compound Y is reduced. Inferior to punching workability.
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Abstract
Description
[1]Snを3.0~13.0質量%、Fe、Niのどちらか一方または両方の合計で0.01~2.0質量%、およびPを0.01~1.0質量%含有し、残部がCuおよび不可避不純物からなる銅合金材であって、結晶粒の平均直径が1.0~5.0μmであり、平均直径が30nm以上300nm以下の化合物Xが密度104~108個/mm2で分布し、平均直径が0.3μmより大きく5.0μm以下の化合物Yが密度102~106個/mm2で分布し、引張強度が600MPa以上であることを特徴とする電気電子部品用銅合金材、
[2]Snを3.0~13.0質量%、Fe、Niのどちらか一方または両方の合計で0.01~2.0質量%、Co、Cr、Mnの1種または2種以上を合計で0.01~1.0質量%、およびPを0.01~1.0質量%を含有し、残部がCuおよび不可避不純物からなる銅合金材であって、結晶粒の平均直径が1.0~5.0μmであり、平均直径が30nm以上300nm以下の化合物Xが密度104~108個/mm2で分布し、平均直径が0.3μmより大きく5.0μm以下の化合物Yが密度102~106個/mm2で分布し、引張強度が600MPa以上であることを特徴とする電気電子部品用銅合金材、
[3]前記化合物Xの平均直径の平均値が50nm以上200nm以下であることを特徴とする、[1]または[2]に記載の電気電子部品用銅合金材、
[4]前記化合物Yの平均直径の平均値が0.5μm以上3.0μm以下であることを特徴とする、[1]または[2]に記載の電気電子部品用銅合金材、
[5]前記化合物Yについて、{(表層から厚さ10%以内の領域での化合物Yの密度)/(表層から厚さ40~60%の領域での化合物Yの密度)}で表わされる比が0.8~1.0である、[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の電気電子部品用銅合金材、
[6]前記[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の電気電子部品用銅合金材を製造する方法であって、鋳造時の冷却速度が1℃/秒より速く100℃/秒より遅い条件下で作製された鋳塊を均質処理し、表面を1mm以上面削する工程を施した後、冷間圧延と中間焼鈍を繰り返し、仕上げ圧延、歪取り焼鈍を施すことを特徴とする電気電子部品用銅合金材の製造方法、
[7]仕上げ圧延の直前の最終の中間焼鈍工程を300~550℃で行うことを特徴とする[6]に記載の電気電子部品用銅合金材の製造方法。
本発明の上記及び他の特徴及び利点は、適宜添付の図面を参照して、下記の記載からより明らかになるであろう。
また、前記化合物Yを構成する化合物の(Fe+Ni)量が68~88質量%、P量が10~25質量%のとき、プレス打ち抜き性に効果を発揮する粒子を安定して分散させることができ、打ち抜き加工性を向上させることができる。なお、上記含有量の合計が100質量%にならない場合があるのは、化合物Yには、他の元素(例えばCuやSnなど)が含まれることがあるからである。
プレス時の材料の変形は、表層から変形が入りクラックが生じ、破断すると考えられる。そのため、表層にクラックの起点となるような晶出物(化合物Y)が少ない場合、破断が生じにくい材料となり、金型の寿命を悪化させる。一般に、表層は、鋳造時の冷却速度が速く、晶出物が少なくなっている。一方、晶出物が表層に多すぎる場合も、金型と硬い晶出物が当たることになり、金型が磨耗してしまう。これは、極表層は、化合物の偏析が多くなっていると考えられる。
これに対して、本発明の銅合金材料では、このような偏析が起こりにくいため、良好な打ち抜き性を示すことができる。
本発明の製造法では、圧延加工を冷間圧延でおこない、熱間圧延は行なわない。本発明の銅合金材を熱間加工(熱間圧延)すると加工割れを生じる場合があるためである。また、冷間圧延と中間焼鈍を繰り返し行なうことによって、得られる銅合金材が硬くなりすぎることを防ぎ、所定の厚さまで薄くする際に硬すぎて加工割れすることを防ぐことができる。
SnとPとその他の添加元素と残部がCuからなる合金を高周波溶解炉等により溶解して鋳造時の冷却速度が1℃/秒より速く100℃/秒より遅い条件で鋳造し、鋳塊を得る。この鋳塊に850℃~600℃で0.5時間~10時間の均質化熱処理、より好ましくは、時間と温度の関係が、(780℃、0.7時間)、(780℃、4時間)、(600℃、10時間)、(600℃、2.5時間)の4点を結ぶ直線で囲まれる温度・時間の条件で均質化熱処理を施す。このような好ましい温度と時間の均質化熱処理条件を図4に示した。図4中の台形で囲まれた範囲内が、好ましい均質化熱処理条件の範囲である。均質化熱処理は、温度が高い場合には比較的短時間で、温度が低い場合には比較的長時間であることが好ましい。なお、均質化熱処理温度が高すぎると、鋳造で生じた晶出物が固溶し、その結果、打ち抜き加工性向上に寄与する化合物Yが減少してしまう。また、均質化熱処理の温度が低い場合でも、長時間熱処理した場合には化合物が粗大化し、化合物Yの数が減少してしまうので好ましくない。均質化処理温度を厳密に制御することが特に好ましい。均質化熱処理の後、徐冷し、表面を1mm以上面削する。この面削量は、好ましくは2mm以上である。面削量の上限には特に制限はないが、通常5mm以下の面削量とする。次いで40~70%の冷間圧延aを施し、不活性ガス雰囲気中で550~750℃において1~10時間の熱処理aを行い、徐冷する。さらに40~80%の圧延加工率で冷間圧延bを行い、不活性ガス雰囲気中で350~550℃において1~10時間の熱処理bを行い、5~20μmの平均結晶粒径からなる組織を得る。
上記の合金製造条件の中で、本発明で規定する結晶粒径、化合物Xと化合物Yの大きさ、生成密度を調節することができるのは、合金組成以外に、鋳造条件、均質化熱処理、熱処理(a、b、c、d)や冷間圧延(a、b、c、d)などの条件であり、これを上記のように規定することにより、目的の銅合金材を得ることができる。ただし、冷間圧延bと熱処理b、冷間圧延dと熱処理dは必要に応じて行うもので、省略することができる。各圧延の加工率が40%以上の場合は、粗大な化合物が圧延時に砕かれて、化合物Yの密度を増加させることができる。
供試材を圧延方向と平行に切り出したJIS-13B号試験片をJIS-Z2241に準じて3本測定し、その平均値(MPa)で示した。
b.曲げ加工性
供試材(板材)を幅10mm、長さ25mmに切出し、曲げ半径R=0で曲げ角度90°のW曲げし、曲げ部における割れの有無を観察した。この観察は、倍率50倍の光学顕微鏡による目視観察より行い、その曲げ加工部位の割れの有無を調査した。試験片採取方向はG.W.(Good Way:曲げの軸が圧延方向に直角)、B.W(Bad Way:曲げの軸が圧延方向に平行)とし、割れが無かったものを「○(良)」、割れがあったものを「×(劣)」で示した。
c.平均結晶粒径
供試材(板材)の厚さ方向に平行でかつ最終冷間圧延方向(最終塑性加工方向)と平行な断面において、最終冷間圧延方向と平行な方向と直角な方向の2方向で結晶粒径を測定した。そして、測定値の大きい方を長径、小さい方を短径とし、それぞれの長径と短径の4値の平均値を示した。測定はJIS-H0501の切断法に準じ、供試材の断面を鏡面研磨した後にエッチングを行い、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で1000倍に拡大して写真撮影した。この写真上に200mmの線分を引き、前記線分で切られる結晶粒数nを数え、(200mm/(n×1000))の式から平均結晶粒径を求めた。前記線分で切られる結晶粒数が20に満たない場合は、500倍の写真に取り長さ200mmの線分で切られる結晶粒数nを数え、(200mm/(n×500))の式から求めた。
d.第2相化合物(化合物Xおよび化合物Y)の大きさと密度
供試材を直径3mmに打ち抜き、ツインジェット研磨法を用いて、板表層から板厚の40~60%の領域が薄膜になるように研磨を行った後、加速電圧300kVの透過型電子顕微鏡で1000~100000倍の写真を任意で3ヶ所撮影して、その写真上で化合物の粒子径と密度を測定した。粒子径は、化合物Xの粒子径の範囲と、化合物Yの粒子径の範囲について、それぞれの平均値を0.005mmの整数倍で表中に示した。化合物の粒子径と密度を測定するとき、n=10(nは観察の視野数)で、その個数を測定することで、個数の局所的な偏りを排除するように測定した。その個数を単位面積当たりの個数(個/mm2)へ演算した。
e.プレス打ち抜き加工性
金型を研磨した後に、各サンプルで、四角形で大きさ3mm×5mmの打ち抜き形状で、1分間あたり500回の連続プレス加工を実施し、金型が磨耗して材料のプレス破面に10μmを越えるバリが発生した段階でプレス加工を中止し、それまでのショット数を測定した。この測定を3回行い、ショット数の最小値が300万回以上のものを打ち抜き性が特に優れているとして表中に「◎」で示し、ショット数の最小値が200万回以上のものを打ち抜き性が良好であるとして表中に「○」で示し、ショット数の平均値が200万回以上で打ち抜き性は良好であるがショット数の最小値が200万回未満となったものがあってばらつきがあるものを表中に「△」で示し、ショット数の平均値が200万回未満のものを打ち抜き性が劣っているものとして表中に「×」で示した。この評価結果を以下の表中には「打ち抜き性(1)」として示した。
比較例1はSnが3.0質量%未満のため結晶粒径が大きく、強度(引張強度)が低い。比較例2はCuにSn、Pのみ添加したいわゆるリン青銅であるが、化合物(XおよびY)が存在しないため強度(引張強度)、曲げ加工性、打ち抜き加工性が悪い。比較例3はFe、Niの合計量が上限以上であり、化合物Yの数が多過ぎるため曲げ加工性が悪い。比較例4、5はFeおよびNiの含有量が上限以上であり、化合物Yの数が多すぎるため曲げ加工性が悪い。比較例6はFe、Niの合計量が下限値以下のため、結晶粒径が大きく、化合物XとYがいずれも少なすぎて、曲げ加工性、打ち抜き加工性が悪い。比較例7はSnの含有量が上限値以上のため曲げ加工性が悪い。比較例8は鋳造の冷却速度が速すぎたため化合物(晶出物)が少なく、化合物Yの密度が下限値以下のため打ち抜き加工性が悪い。比較例9は鋳造の冷却速度が遅すぎたため化合物Xの生成量が少なくて、5μmより大きい粗大な化合物(晶出物)が生成するため曲げ加工性が悪い。比較例10は、Pの含有量が多すぎたために冷間圧延中に割れが生じ製造を中止した。比較例11は、Pの含有量が少なすぎたために、化合物XとYの生成量が少なく、粒径が大きくて粗大な粒子であって、曲げ加工性に劣り、また打ち抜き加工性が劣った。比較例12は、熱処理dを300℃未満で行った例であるが、再結晶が不十分で結晶粒径が小さ過ぎ、曲げ加工性が劣った。
本願は、2008年12月19日に日本国で特許出願された特願2008-324792に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、これはここに参照してその内容を本明細書の記載の一部として取り込む。
Claims (7)
- Snを3.0~13.0質量%、Fe、Niのどちらか一方または両方の合計で0.01~2.0質量%、およびPを0.01~1.0質量%含有し、残部がCuおよび不可避不純物からなる銅合金材であって、
結晶粒の平均直径が1.0~5.0μmであり、
平均直径が30nm以上300nm以下の化合物Xが密度104~108個/mm2で分布し、
平均直径が0.3μmより大きく5.0μm以下の化合物Yが密度102~106個/mm2で分布し、
引張強度が600MPa以上である
ことを特徴とする電気電子部品用銅合金材。 - Snを3.0~13.0質量%、Fe、Niのどちらか一方または両方の合計で0.01~2.0質量%、Co、Cr、Mnの1種または2種以上を合計で0.01~1.0質量%、およびPを0.01~1.0質量%を含有し、残部がCuおよび不可避不純物からなる銅合金材であって、
結晶粒の平均直径が1.0~5.0μmであり、
平均直径が30nm以上300nm以下の化合物Xが密度104~108個/mm2で分布し、
平均直径が0.3μmより大きく5.0μm以下の化合物Yが密度102~106個/mm2で分布し、
引張強度が600MPa以上である
ことを特徴とする電気電子部品用銅合金材。 - 前記化合物Xの平均直径の平均値が50nm以上200nm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1または請求項2に記載の電気電子部品用銅合金材。
- 前記化合物Yの平均直径の平均値が0.5μm以上3.0μm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1または請求項2に記載の電気電子部品用銅合金材。
- 前記化合物Yについて、{(表層から厚さ10%以内の領域での化合物Yの密度)/(表層から厚さ40~60%の領域での化合物Yの密度)}で表わされる比が0.8~1.0の範囲である、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の電気電子部品用銅合金材。
- 請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の電気電子部品用銅合金材を製造する方法であって、鋳造時の冷却速度が1℃/秒より速く100℃/秒より遅い条件下で作製された鋳塊を均質処理し、表面を1mm以上面削する工程を施した後、冷間圧延と中間焼鈍を繰り返し、仕上げ圧延、歪取り焼鈍を施すことを特徴とする電気電子部品用銅合金材の製造方法。
- 仕上げ圧延の直前の最終の中間焼鈍工程を300~550℃で行うことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の電気電子部品用銅合金材の製造方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20110247735A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
CN102257170A (zh) | 2011-11-23 |
EP2374907B1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
EP2374907A1 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
EP2374907A4 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
JPWO2010071220A1 (ja) | 2012-05-31 |
JP4875772B2 (ja) | 2012-02-15 |
KR20110096120A (ko) | 2011-08-29 |
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