WO2010061922A1 - 新規MutSタンパク質およびそれを用いた変異の判定方法 - Google Patents
新規MutSタンパク質およびそれを用いた変異の判定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/5308—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for analytes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. nucleic acids, uric acid, worms, mites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/195—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from bacteria
- G01N2333/32—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from bacteria from Bacillus (G)
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- the present invention relates to a novel MutS protein and a mutation determination method using the same.
- gene mutations have been detected as methods for diagnosing, treating and preventing various diseases. Since gene mutation is deeply related to disease susceptibility, drug metabolism ability, etc., detection of gene mutation has great significance in medicine.
- a method for detecting a gene mutation for example, a method has been developed in which a target sequence including a target site where a target mutation occurs in a target gene is amplified by various nucleic acid amplification methods, and the presence or absence of the mutation is judged based on the presence or absence of amplification. ing.
- a primer capable of hybridizing to a region including the target site is used.
- the primer is a sequence that is completely complementary to a sequence in which the target site is mutated, if amplification is confirmed, the primer is annealed to the target gene in which the target site is mutated.
- the target gene can be determined to be a mutant type.
- the primer is, for example, a sequence that is completely complementary to a sequence in which the target site is wild-type, and if amplification is confirmed, the primer is annealed to the target gene in which the target site is wild-type. Therefore, it can be determined that the target gene is wild type as amplified.
- the primer may be annealed to the template to amplify the target sequence. That is, for example, when using a primer that is completely complementary to a sequence in which the target site is a mutant type as described above, the primer is annealed to a template in which the target site is a wild type, and the wild type target sequence As a result, the accuracy of mutation detection is reduced.
- the mismatch binding protein is generally a protein that recognizes a mismatch base pair in a double-stranded nucleic acid and binds to the mismatch base pair. If the above-mentioned gene mutation is detected in the presence of this mismatch binding protein, even if a primer forms a mismatch base pair, the mismatch binding protein binds to the mismatch base pair, so that extension from the primer is prevented. It is suppressed. For this reason, it is possible to avoid a decrease in accuracy of mutation detection (see Patent Document 1). As such a mismatch binding protein, for example, Taq MutS protein derived from Thermus aquaticus is used.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a new mismatch-binding protein that can specifically recognize and bind to a mismatched base pair, and a method for determining a mutation with excellent reliability using the protein.
- the novel MutS protein of the present invention is characterized by comprising the following amino acid sequence (A) or (B).
- A Amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2
- B Amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted or added in the amino acid sequence of (A), and a double-stranded nucleic acid Amino acid sequence of a protein having binding activity to mismatched base pairs in
- the determination method of the present invention is a method for determining the presence or absence of a mutation at a target site of a test nucleic acid, comprising the following step (I) or (I ′) and the following step (II): To do.
- (I) A step of amplifying a target sequence containing the target site in the test nucleic acid using a primer capable of hybridizing to a region containing the target site in the test nucleic acid in the presence of the novel MutS protein of the present invention (I ′) Using the primer for amplifying the test nucleic acid in the presence of the novel MutS protein of the present invention and a probe capable of hybridizing to the region containing the target site in the test nucleic acid, A step of amplifying the target sequence including the target site in a test nucleic acid (II) A step of confirming the presence or absence of amplification
- the present inventors have intensively studied for the, cloning the novel gene of the MutS protein from the genus Alicyclobacillus, to give the novel MutS protein from the genus Alicyclobacillus.
- the novel MutS protein is referred to as “Aac MutS”.
- the Aac MutS of the present invention can specifically recognize and bind to a double-stranded nucleic acid having, for example, a so-called mismatch base pair (inappropriate base pair). For this reason, when Aac MutS of the present invention is used in amplification of a target sequence including a target site, the Aac MutS specifically binds to a mismatched base pair, so that extension from a primer can be effectively suppressed.
- the presence or absence of mutation can be determined with excellent accuracy from the presence or absence of amplification.
- the Aac MutS and determination method of the present invention can be said to be extremely useful tools in the field of genetic analysis, for example.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of a nucleic acid binding assay in the presence of Aac MutS in Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of a nucleic acid binding assay in the presence of Aac MutS and ADP in Example 3-1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of a nucleic acid binding assay in the presence of Aac MutS and ATP in Example 3-2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an electrophoretogram showing the results of gel shift assay in the presence of Aac MutS in Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an amplification profile when performing an isothermal amplification reaction in the presence of Aac MutS in Example 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing an amplification profile in Comparative Example 4 when an isothermal amplification reaction is performed in the presence of Taq MutS.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing an amplification profile when performing an isothermal amplification reaction in the presence of Aac MutS and Taq MutS in Example 6-1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing an amplification profile when performing an isothermal amplification reaction in the presence of Aac MutS and Taq MutS in Example 6-2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the action mechanism of nucleic acid synthesis by the first primer in the Smart Amplification Process method.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the second primer in the Smart Amplification Process method.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the mechanism of operation of the Smart Amplification Process method.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing an action mechanism of the Smart Amplification Process method.
- Aac MutS of the present invention is characterized by comprising the following amino acid sequence (A) or (B).
- MutS The MutS protein (hereinafter referred to as “MutS”) is also referred to as, for example, a mismatch binding protein or a mismatch recognition protein.
- MutS is generally a protein that recognizes a mismatched base pair in a double-stranded nucleic acid and can bind to the mismatched base pair.
- mismatched base pair means a non-complementary base pair, not a complementary normal base pair, such as a combination of adenine and thymine or uracil and a combination of guanine and cytosine.
- a double-stranded nucleic acid having a mismatched base pair is referred to as “mismatched duplex or heteroduplex”, and a bond that forms a mismatched base pair is referred to as a “mismatched bond”.
- the mismatched duplex is, for example, a substantially complementary double-stranded nucleic acid having two or more mismatched base pairs and including a non-complementary region. Means a chain.
- a completely complementary base pair is hereinafter referred to as a “full match base pair”, and a completely complementary double-stranded nucleic acid is referred to as a “full match double strand”. Is called “full match binding”.
- Aac MutS of the present invention has binding activity to mismatched base pairs in double-stranded nucleic acids.
- the Aac MutS of the present invention further has, for example, a binding activity to the full-match double-stranded nucleic acid that does not have a binding activity to a double-stranded nucleic acid (full-match double-stranded nucleic acid) consisting of completely complementary base pairs.
- the binding activity to the full-match double-stranded nucleic acid is preferably, for example, 1 / 1.25 or less (4/5 or less) of the binding activity to the mismatched double-stranded nucleic acid. More preferably, they are 1/4 or less, 1/120 or less, 1/200 or less, 1/205 or less.
- the Aac MutS of the present invention can be isolated from, for example, a bacterium belonging to the genus Alicyclobacillus , preferably from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius , more preferably, Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius subsp. It can be isolated from Acidocaldarius JCM5260. This strain can be sold, for example, from the Institute for Microbial Materials Development, RIKEN BioResource Center (http://www.jcm.riken.jp/JCM/Ordering_J.shtml).
- the Aac MutS of the present invention can also be produced, for example, by a genetic engineering technique using the Aac MutS gene described later.
- the Aac MutS of the present invention comprises, for example, an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted or added in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and And proteins having binding activity to mismatched base pairs in double-stranded nucleic acids.
- “Several amino acids” means, for example, the number of amino acid residues of about 5 to 10% of the total number of amino acid residues, for example, about 1 to 86, preferably about 1 to 43, more preferably About 1 to 21, most preferably about 1 to 10.
- the Aac MutS of the present invention is, for example, from an amino acid sequence having 50%, preferably 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 97%, 98% or more homology with the protein (A). And a protein having a binding activity to a mismatched base pair in a double-stranded nucleic acid. Protein homology can usually be expressed as a percentage of identity when the amino acid sequences of two proteins are properly aligned, and generally the exact match between the two amino acid sequences. Means the appearance rate of Appropriate alignment between sequences for identity comparison can be determined using various algorithms, such as the BLAST algorithm (Altschul SF J Mol Biol 1990 Oct 5; 215 (3): 403-10).
- the method for measuring the activity of MutS is not limited and can be measured by various methods well known to those skilled in the art. As a specific example, the method described in documents such as The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 34339-34347, 2001; doi: 10.1074 / jbc.M104256200 can be used.
- the molecular weight of Aac MutS of the present invention is, for example, 86,000 to 105,500 Da, preferably 91,000 to 100,800 Da, and the molecular weight of Aac MutS comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is 95. 984 Da.
- the chemical properties of the Aac MutS of the present invention are, for example, excellent in stability up to 65 ° C., optimal temperature is, for example, about 50-60 ° C., and optimal pH is, for example, in the range of pH 7-9. .
- the reagents and kits referred to in the present specification include, for example, Sigma, Aldrich, Invitrogen / GIBCO, Clontech, Stratagene, Qiagen, Promega, Roche Diagnostics, Becton-Dickinson, It is available from commercial vendors such as TaKaRa (Takara Bio Inc.).
- the novel nucleic acid of the present invention is a nucleic acid encoding the novel Aac MutS of the present invention, and is characterized by comprising any of the following nucleic acids (a) to (f).
- A a nucleic acid comprising the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1
- B a protein that hybridizes with the nucleic acid of (a) above under stringent conditions and has a binding activity to a mismatched base pair in a double-stranded nucleic acid
- C a nucleic acid encoding a protein comprising a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence of (a) and having a binding activity to a mismatched base pair in a double-stranded nucleic acid
- d a protein comprising a base sequence in which one or several bases are deleted, substituted, inserted or added in the base sequence of (a), and having a binding activity to a mismatched base pair in a double-stranded nu
- the novel nucleic acid of the present invention is referred to as “Aac MutS gene”.
- the Aac MutS gene of the present invention includes the meanings of the nucleic acids (b) to (f) in addition to (a) the nucleic acid consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the Aac MutS gene of the present invention comprises, for example, a degenerate variant of the base sequences (a) to (f), a base sequence complementary to the base sequences (a) to (f), and Also included are nucleic acids that encode proteins having binding activity to mismatched base pairs in double-stranded nucleic acids.
- the Aac MutS gene of the present invention includes, for example, RNA (mRNA) corresponding to the DNA in addition to DNA.
- “hybridizes under stringent conditions” is, for example, well-known hybridization experimental conditions for those skilled in the art.
- “stringent conditions” refers to, for example, hybridization at 60 to 68 ° C. in the presence of 0.7 to 1 mol / L NaCl, and then 0.1 to 2 times the SSC solution. Used refers to conditions that can be identified by washing at 65-68 ° C. 1 ⁇ SSC consists of 150 mmol / L NaCl and 15 mmol / L sodium citrate.
- the salt concentration and temperature in the washing step can be optimized as appropriate.
- the homology is, for example, 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more.
- the homology can be obtained, for example, by calculating under default conditions using BLAST or the like.
- “several bases” means, for example, the number of bases of about 10 to 20% of the total number of bases in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, for example, about 1 to 520 The number is preferably about 1 to 260, more preferably about 1 to 130, and most preferably about 1 to 65.
- amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted or added is the same as that described in the Aac MutS of the present invention, for example.
- Aac MutS gene of the present invention may be extracted from Alicyclobacillus genus, such as described above, may be synthesized by genetic engineering techniques, it may be synthesized by chemical techniques.
- the recombinant vector of the present invention includes the Aac MutS gene of the present invention as described above.
- the recombinant vector of the present invention is not limited as long as it contains the Aac MutS gene of the present invention.
- the recombinant vector of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by ligating (inserting) the Aac MutS gene of the present invention into an appropriate vector.
- the vector for inserting the Aac MutS gene of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be replicated in the host, and examples thereof include plasmid DNA and phage DNA.
- the plasmid DNA include plasmids derived from E. coli such as pBR322, pBR325, pUC118, and pUC119; plasmids derived from Bacillus subtilis such as pUB110 and pTP5; and plasmids derived from yeast such as YEp13, YEp24, and YCp50.
- phage DNA examples include ⁇ phage such as Charon4A, Charon21A, EMBL3, EMBL4, ⁇ gt10, ⁇ gt11, ⁇ ZAP, and the like.
- animal viruses such as retrovirus or vaccinia virus, insect virus vectors such as baculovirus, and the like can also be used.
- the method for inserting the Aac MutS gene of the present invention into the vector is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be adopted. Specific examples include, for example, a method in which a purified Aac MutS gene (DNA) is cleaved with an appropriate restriction enzyme, inserted into a restriction enzyme site or a multicloning site of an appropriate vector DNA, and the two are linked. .
- the Aac MutS gene of the present invention is preferably incorporated into the vector under conditions such that, for example, the protein encoded by it is expressed.
- cis elements such as enhancers, splicing signals, poly A addition signals, selectable markers, ribosome binding sequences are optionally used. (SD sequence, KOZAK sequence, etc.) can also be linked.
- the selection marker include drug resistance genes such as dihydrofolate reductase gene, ampicillin resistance gene, neomycin resistance gene and the like.
- the transformant of the present invention is characterized by including the recombinant vector of the present invention.
- the transformant of this invention should just contain the recombinant vector of this invention, and is not restrict
- the transformant of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by introducing the recombinant vector of the present invention into a host.
- the host is not particularly limited as long as it can express the Aac MutS of the present invention by the recombinant vector of the present invention.
- a host-vector system is considered. You can choose. Specific examples of the host, eg, E.
- Escherichia coli Escherichia genus such as Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) Bacillus such as, Pseudomonas putida (Pseudomonas putida) Pseudomonas such as, Rhizobium meliloti (Rhizobium meliloti ) And other bacteria belonging to the genus Rhizobium.
- yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe , animal cells such as COS cells and CHO cells, and insect cells such as Sf9 and Sf21 can also be used.
- the transformation method is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be employed.
- the Aac MutS of the present invention can be prepared, for example, by culturing the transformant of the present invention.
- the method for producing Aac MutS of the present invention is characterized by, for example, culturing the transformant of the present invention as described above.
- Aac MutS protein may be further isolated from the obtained culture solution.
- the “culture” includes, for example, a culture supernatant containing cultured transformants, a culture supernatant, cultured cells or cultured cells, or disrupted cultured cells or cultured cells. It may be meaning.
- the “method for culturing the transformant of the present invention” is performed according to, for example, a normal method applied to host culture, and the conditions can be appropriately determined according to, for example, the type of the host.
- the Aac MutS of the present invention when the Aac MutS of the present invention is produced in cells or cells, it can be isolated by disrupting the cells or cells after culturing. Further, when the Aac MutS of the present invention is produced, for example, outside the cells or cells, it is isolated by using the culture solution as it is or by removing the cells or cells from the culture solution by centrifugation or the like. it can. Thereafter, the Aac MutS of the present invention can also be purified from the culture by combining general biochemical methods used for protein isolation and purification alone or in combination as appropriate. The purification method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography and the like. In addition, for example, when a protein to which a tag sequence is added is expressed for purification, the tag sequence can be removed by protease treatment or the like during or after the purification step.
- Examples of the mutation determination method of the present invention include the following first determination method and second determination method.
- the first method for determining a mutation of the present invention is a method for determining the presence or absence of a mutation at a target site of a test nucleic acid, and includes the following steps (I) and (II): It is characterized by.
- II Step of confirming the presence or absence of amplification
- a nucleic acid sequence whose target site is a standard base for example, a nucleic acid sequence whose target site is a standard genotype (normal type or wild type) is referred to as “normal type sequence or wild type sequence”.
- normal type sequence or wild type sequence a nucleic acid sequence in which the target site is a different base compared to the normal type sequence.
- mutant type sequence a nucleic acid sequence in which the target site is a different base compared to the normal type sequence.
- the “target site” means, for example, a specific site showing a different base between the wild-type sequence and the mutant sequence, and may be a single base or a sequence of two or more bases.
- test nucleic acid is a nucleic acid to be subjected to determination of the presence or absence of a mutation at the target site, that is, whether the target site is a wild type or a mutant type, or other than the target site. It means a nucleic acid to be determined whether or not it is the same sequence as the wild type sequence.
- the test nucleic acid may include, for example, not only the nucleic acid contained in the sample to be subjected to the determination method of the present invention and the nucleic acid at the start of the amplification reaction, but also the nucleic acid synthesized by the amplification reaction. Say.
- the “target sequence” includes, for example, not only the nucleic acid sequence for amplification in the test nucleic acid, but also the meaning of a sequence containing the nucleic acid sequence for amplification and a nucleic acid sequence complementary thereto.
- the primer can hybridize (anneal) to a region including a target site, it is also referred to as a “target primer”, and the “region including the target site” can hybridize to the target primer. Therefore, it is also referred to as a hybrid region hereinafter.
- the “mutation” may be any of substitution, deletion, addition and insertion, for example.
- Aac MutS used in the determination method of the present invention can specifically recognize and bind mismatched base pairs, for example, specificity for mismatched base pairs rather than complementary base pairs, so-called full-matched base pairs. Is expensive. Therefore, according to the first determination method of the present invention, when a target primer capable of hybridizing to a region including the target site in the test nucleic acid is mismatch-bound to the test nucleic acid, the target primer is specific to the mismatch site. Since Aac MutS binds specifically, the extension reaction from the target primer is specifically suppressed. As a result, erroneous amplification from the mismatched target primer can be avoided, so that the presence / absence of mutation depending on the presence / absence of amplification can be determined with excellent reliability.
- the determination method of the present invention is useful for determining, for example, the susceptibility of various diseases, whether or not the disease is present, and the sensitivity and resistance to the medicine for the disease. For example, when determining the susceptibility of a disease based on the presence or absence of a mutation at the target site of the target gene, the sequence of a healthy person is a normal sequence, and the sequence of the disease patient is a mutant sequence. Then, the gene of the subject is used as the test nucleic acid, and it is determined whether the target site is normal type or mutant type. As a result, if the target site is a normal type, the test nucleic acid is a normal type sequence, and the test subject is less likely to have a disease or can be determined to be a healthy person. On the other hand, if the target site is mutated, the test nucleic acid is a mutated sequence, and the test subject is highly likely to have a disease or can be determined to be a patient with the disease.
- the target site in the test nucleic acid may be, for example, 1 base (mononucleotide), 2 bases (dinucleotide) or more, and in the latter case, it may be continuous or discontinuous. .
- the target primer and the hybrid region in the test nucleic acid differ by only one base, the other sequences are completely homologous, so the test nucleic acid has a base that is mismatched with the target primer.
- the target primer is easy to hybridize to the test nucleic acid.
- the Aac MutS of the present invention for example, even when the two are different by only one base and the primer hybridizes to the test nucleic acid, the Aac MutS specifically binds to cause an erroneous extension reaction. Can be suppressed. For this reason, the determination method of the present invention is suitable for determination of single nucleotide polymorphism, for example.
- the mismatch that occurs when the primer is hybridized to the test nucleic acid may be, for example, one base, a plurality of consecutive bases, or a plurality of discontinuous bases.
- the upper limit of the plurality of bases is not particularly limited. For example, the number that can maintain the double-stranded state of the test nucleic acid and the primer is preferable. As a specific example, for example, depending on the length (number of bases) of both hybridizing, the upper limit is, for example, 5 bases or less, more preferably 3 bases or less, particularly preferably 2 bases or less. It is.
- a primer for amplification for example, a target primer capable of hybridizing to the region where the base of the target site is mutated can be used.
- a target primer capable of hybridizing to the region where the base of the target site is mutated can be used.
- a primer for amplification for example, a target primer capable of hybridizing to the region where the base of the target site is a normal type can be used.
- MutS such as Taq MutS has been used to suppress extension reaction from mismatched primers.
- conventional MutS also has low substrate specificity, for example, even if the MutS binds not only to a mismatched duplex but also to a fully matched duplex, or even if the MutS binds to a mismatched duplex.
- the Aac MutS of the present invention has excellent substrate specificity for mismatched duplexes, so that binding to full-matched duplexes can be suppressed more than conventional MutS, and mismatched duplexes. Since it is difficult to dissociate, it is possible to make a determination with excellent reliability.
- the amount of Aac MutS added to the reaction solution for the amplification reaction is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined according to, for example, the amount of the test nucleic acid at the start of the reaction and the amounts of various primers.
- the amount of test nucleic acid at the start of the reaction per 25 ⁇ L of the reaction solution is, for example, 0.1 to 1000 ng, preferably 0.5 to 500 ng, more preferably 1 to 100 ng.
- the total amount of the primer is, for example, 0.01 to 1000 ⁇ mol, preferably 0.05 to 500 ⁇ mol, more preferably 0.1 to 100 ⁇ mol
- the amount of Aac MutS is, for example, 0.01 to 1000 ⁇ g. Yes, preferably 0.05 to 500 ⁇ g, more preferably 0.1 to 100 ⁇ g (hereinafter the same).
- the first determination method of the present invention for example, at least selected from the group consisting of the Aac MutS, ADP (adenosine 5′-diphosphate), ATP (adenosine 5′-triphosphate), and derivatives thereof. It is preferable to amplify the target sequence in the presence of one additive. If nucleic acid amplification is performed in the presence of the additive, for example, the binding rate of the Aac MutS of the present invention to mismatched base pairs can be improved. In particular, if the target sequence is amplified in the presence of ADP or a derivative thereof, dissociation of the bond between the mismatched base pair and Aac MutS of the present invention can be further suppressed.
- the extension reaction from the target primer in which the mismatched base pair is formed can be suppressed more efficiently, thereby obtaining a mutation determination result with further excellent reliability.
- the derivative include ATP- ⁇ -S (adenosine 5′-O- (3-thiotriphosphate)), AMP-PNP (adenosine 5 ′-[ ⁇ , ⁇ -imido] triphosphate) and the like.
- ATP- ⁇ -S adenosine 5′-O- (3-thiotriphosphate)
- AMP-PNP adenosine 5 ′-[ ⁇ , ⁇ -imido] triphosphate
- the additive preferably contains ADP or a derivative thereof, more preferably ADP.
- the addition amount of the additive in the reaction solution of the amplification reaction is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined according to, for example, the amount of Aac MutS, the amount of test nucleic acid at the start of the reaction, the amount of various primers, and the like.
- the concentration of the additive in the reaction solution is preferably, for example, 0.01 to 100 mmol / L, more preferably 0.05 to 50 mmol / L, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 100 mmol / L. 10 mmol / L.
- the concentration of Aac MutS or the like in the reaction solution is preferably in the above-mentioned range.
- the target sequence is preferably amplified in the presence of the Aac MutS of the present invention and MutS other than the genus Alicyclobacillus .
- MutS other than those derived from the genus Alicyclobacillus include MutS derived from Thermus genus, and specifically, MutS derived from Thermus aquaticus (hereinafter referred to as “Taq MutS”).
- MutS etc. derived from Bacillus genus can also be used.
- the Aac MutS of the present invention can be used in combination with other MutS, for example.
- the combined use of Aac MutS and other MutS of the present invention for example, can reduce the total amount of MutS compared to using Aac MutS alone, and more effective than using conventional Taq MutS alone.
- the concentration range can be widened.
- the Aac MutS amount is 0.01 to 1000 ⁇ g
- the other MutS amount is 0.01 to 1000 ⁇ g
- the total amount of the MutS and the other MutS is The amount is preferably 0.02 to 2000 ⁇ g, more preferably the amount of Aac MutS is 0.05 to 500 ⁇ g, the other amount of MutS is 0.05 to 500 ⁇ g, and the total amount is 0.1 to 1000 ⁇ g.
- the Aac MutS amount is 0.1 to 100 ⁇ g
- the other MutS amount is 0.1 to 100 ⁇ g / L
- the total amount is 0.2 to 200 ⁇ g.
- the amount of the test nucleic acid or the like at the start of the reaction in the reaction solution is preferably within the above-mentioned range.
- the addition ratio (weight ratio A: T) of other MutS (T) to Aac MutS (A) is, for example, preferably 1: 0.05 to 1:50, more preferably 1: 0.25 to 1. : 25, particularly preferably 1: 0.5 to 1: 5.
- the Aac MutS and other MutS may be activated with, for example, an activator, for example, in order to further avoid binding to a full-match double-stranded nucleic acid.
- the activator is not particularly limited.
- ATP, ADP, ATP- ⁇ -S (adenosine 5′-O- (3-thiotriphosphate)), AMP-PNP (adenosine 5 ′-[ ⁇ , ( ⁇ -imido] triphosphate) and the like, and other examples include nucleotides that can bind to MutS.
- the activation can be performed, for example, by incubating the MutS and the activator at room temperature for a few seconds to a few minutes.
- the target sequence may be further amplified in the presence of a single-strand binding protein (SSB).
- SSB single-strand binding protein
- the SSB is not particularly limited, and conventionally known proteins can be used. Specific examples of SSB include, for example, a single-chain binding protein derived from Escherichia coli, Drosophila, and Xenopus, a gene 32 protein derived from T4 bacteriophage, and these proteins derived from other species. .
- the type of the test nucleic acid at the start of the reaction is not limited at all, and may be, for example, a nucleic acid derived from a natural product or a non-natural product nucleic acid by synthesis or the like.
- the test nucleic acid include polynucleotides such as DNA and RNA.
- Polynucleotide includes the meaning of oligonucleotide.
- the polynucleotide may include, for example, an unmodified nucleotide, a modified nucleotide, a natural nucleotide, or an unnatural nucleotide.
- the non-natural nucleotide includes, for example, a base other than the base of the natural nucleotide.
- the base examples include xanthosines, diaminopyrimidines, isoG, isoC (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 6329- 6333, 1995).
- the polynucleotide may include artificial synthetic nucleic acids such as LNA, PNA (peptide nucleic acid), morpholino nucleic acid, methyl phosphonate nucleic acid, S-oligonucleic acid, and may be a chimeric molecule thereof.
- Examples of the DNA include genomic DNA, cDNA, and synthetic DNA.
- RNA examples include total RNA, mRNA, rRNA, siRNA, hnRNA, synthetic RNA, spliced RNA, and unspliced RNA. .
- test nucleic acid is RNA
- DNA cDNA
- RNA DNA
- amplification reaction may be further performed using the obtained DNA as a template.
- the test nucleic acid at the start of the reaction can be prepared from a sample derived from a living body such as blood, organ, tissue, or cell, or a microorganism-containing sample such as food, soil, or waste water. Examples of the living body include animals including humans and non-humans, plants, and the like. Examples of RNA contained in the sample include RNA present in the nucleus and cytoplasm, RNA derived from infected viruses and bacteria, and the like.
- the recovery of the test nucleic acid from the sample is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be adopted, and the recovered nucleic acid can be purified or fragmented as necessary.
- the test nucleic acid may be, for example, a double-stranded nucleic acid or a single-stranded nucleic acid.
- the double-stranded nucleic acid may be any of double-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, double-stranded DNA and RNA, and the like.
- the double-stranded nucleic acid may be used as a template nucleic acid as it is, or, for example, one amplified with a vector such as a phage or a plasmid can be used as a template nucleic acid.
- the amplification reaction may be started as it is, or a step of denaturing the double-stranded nucleic acid into a single-stranded nucleic acid may be included as necessary.
- the denaturing method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of changing the temperature of the reaction solution and a method of changing the pH of the reaction solution.
- a double-stranded nucleic acid is denatured into a single-stranded nucleic acid by raising the temperature to 40 to 120 ° C., preferably about 95 ° C., and then the temperature is lowered to 0 to 65 ° C.
- the primer it is preferable to anneal the primer to the single-stranded nucleic acid.
- the double-stranded nucleic acid is denatured into a single-stranded nucleic acid by raising the pH of the reaction solution to about 7 to 14, and then the pH of the reaction solution is lowered to about 6 to 9, It is preferable to anneal the primer to the single-stranded nucleic acid.
- the type of primer to be used is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined according to, for example, the type of test nucleic acid, the type of target sequence, the type of nucleic acid amplification method, and the like.
- the first determination method of the present invention for example, when two or more types of primers are used, for example, at least one type hybridizes to the region containing the target site in the test nucleic acid as described above.
- a possible target primer is preferred.
- a primer for amplifying a predetermined target sequence for example, a primer that hybridizes to the sense strand and a primer that hybridizes to the antisense strand are preferably used as a pair of primer sets.
- the primer set may be, for example, one type or a combination of two or more types. Moreover, you may use combining the primer set used as a pair, and another primer.
- two or more types of target sequences may be amplified in the same reaction solution.
- a primer for amplifying each target sequence it is preferable to use at least one kind of target primer that can hybridize to the region containing the target site.
- the primer in the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined depending on, for example, the test nucleic acid, the target sequence, the type of nucleic acid amplification method described later, and the like.
- the primer may be, for example, a natural product-derived polynucleotide or a non-natural product polynucleotide by synthesis or the like.
- examples of the polynucleotide include deoxyribonucleotides, modified deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, modified ribonucleotides, polynucleotides containing these derivatives, and chimeric polynucleotides.
- ribonucleotide derivative examples include ribonucleotides in which the oxygen atom at the ⁇ -position is replaced with a sulfur atom.
- the primer may include, for example, artificially synthesized nucleic acid such as LNA, PNA (peptide nucleic acid), morpholino nucleic acid, methyl phosphonate nucleic acid, S-oligonucleic acid, or a chimeric polynucleotide thereof.
- the polynucleotide includes the meaning of oligonucleotide.
- the primer preferably hybridizes (anneals) to a predetermined region (hybrid region) in the test nucleic acid, for example, under stringent conditions, and more preferably, only the predetermined region under stringent conditions. It is preferable to hybridize.
- Stringent conditions can be determined depending on, for example, the melting temperature Tm (° C.) of the duplex between the primer and its complementary strand, the salt concentration of the hybridization solution, and the like.
- Tm melting temperature
- the salt concentration of the hybridization solution and the like.
- J. Sambrook, EF Frisch, T . Maniatis; Molecular Cloning 2 nd edition can refer to the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989) and the like.
- the primer when the test nucleic acid and the primer are hybridized under a temperature slightly lower than the melting temperature of the primer, the primer can be specifically hybridized to the predetermined region.
- a primer can be designed by commercially available primer construction software etc., such as Primer3 (made by Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research).
- a polymerase can generally be used for amplification of the target sequence.
- the polymerase is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known polymerase can be used.
- the polymerase may be naturally derived, may be an enzyme obtained by genetic engineering techniques, or may be a mutant with artificial mutation.
- Specific examples of the polymerase include a polymerase derived from the genus Alicyclobacillus, a polymerase derived from the Thermus genus, a polymerase derived from the genus Bacillus, a polymerase derived from the genus Geobacillus, a polymerase derived from Escherichia coli, and the like.
- a polymerase derived from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius is preferable, and specifically, Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius subsp.
- a polymerase derived from Acidocaldarius JCM5260 can be mentioned.
- Examples of the polymerase derived from the Thermus genus include a DNA polymerase derived from Thermus aquaticus (Taq DNA polymerase), a DNA polymerase derived from Thermus thermophilus (Tth DNA polymerase) and the like.
- polymerase derived from the genus Bacillus examples include A polymerase derived from a genus of thermophilic Bacillus is preferable, and specific examples thereof include DNA polymerase derived from Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bst DNA polymerase) and DNA polymerase derived from Bacillus caldotenax (Bca DNA polymerase: registered trademark).
- Bst DNA polymerase DNA polymerase derived from Bacillus stearothermophilus
- Bca DNA polymerase examples include BcaBEST DNA polymerase and Bca (exo-) DNA polymerase.
- a polymerase derived from Geobacillus caldoxylosyticus is preferable, and a specific example includes a polymerase derived from Geobacillus caldoxylosyticus DSM12041.
- Vent (registered trademark) DNA polymerase for example, Vent (registered trademark) DNA polymerase, Vent (registered trademark) (Exo-) DNA polymerase, Deep Vent (registered trademark) DNA polymerase, Deep Vent (registered trademark) (Exo-) DNA polymerase, ⁇ 29 phage DNA
- examples include polymerase, MS-2 phage DNA polymerase, Z-Taq DNA polymerase, Pfu DNA polymerase, Pfu turbo DNA polymerase, KOD DNA polymerase, 9 ° Nm DNA polymerase, and Terminator DNA polymerase.
- the template nucleic acid contains an unnatural nucleotide as described above, for example, from the viewpoint of incorporation efficiency, Y188L / E478Q mutant HIV I reverse transcriptase, AMV reverse transcriptase, Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase, 9 ° Nm It is preferable to use DNA polymerase, HotTub DNA polymerase, etc. (Michael Sismour. 1 et al., Biochemistry, 42, No. 28, 8598, 2003, US Pat. No. 6,617,106, Michael J. Lutz et al., Bioorganic & Medical Chemistry letters 8, 1149-1152, 1998 etc.).
- a substance that improves the heat resistance of the enzyme such as trehalose may be added to the reaction solution.
- the target nucleic acid containing the non-natural nucleotide can be amplified more efficiently.
- these DNA polymerases for example, Alicyclobacillus genus polymerase, the polymerase from Thermus genus, more preferably, an Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius-derived polymerase, Taq DNA polymerase, particularly, the same origin as Aac MutS Alicyclobacillus derived from the genus of the polymerase, specifically, Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius origin of the polymerase, Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius subsp.
- a polymerase from Acidocaldarius JCM5260 is preferred.
- the polymerase when nucleic acid amplification is performed by an isothermal amplification method as described later, the polymerase preferably has, for example, a strand displacement activity (strand displacement ability). In addition, heat resistant ones can be preferably used. Further, the polymerase is preferably substantially free from 5 ′ ⁇ 3 ′ exonuclease activity. Examples of such polymerase include Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli- derived DNA polymerase I, mutants lacking the 5 ′ ⁇ 3 ′ exonuclease activity of the aforementioned thermophilic Bacillus genus polymerase, and the like. It is done. Specific examples of the latter include 5 ′ ⁇ 3 ′ exonuclease activity deletion mutants of Bst DNA polymerase and Bca DNA polymerase.
- the enzyme used for the reaction is not particularly limited as long as it has cDNA synthesis activity using RNA as a template.
- Specific examples include avian myeloblastosis virus-derived reverse transcriptase (AMV RTase), Rous-related virus 2 reverse transcriptase (RAV-2 RTase), Moloney murine leukemia virus-derived reverse transcriptase (MMLV RTase), and the like.
- AMV RTase avian myeloblastosis virus-derived reverse transcriptase
- RAV-2 RTase Rous-related virus 2 reverse transcriptase
- MMLV RTase Moloney murine leukemia virus-derived reverse transcriptase
- DNA polymerase having reverse transcription activity can also be used.
- Specific examples include polymerases derived from Thermus genus such as Tth DNA polymerase, and thermophilic Bacillus genus.
- thermophilic Bacillus- derived polymerase examples include Bst DNA polymerase, Bca DNA polymerase, BcaBEST DNA polymerase, Bca (exo-) DNA polymerase, and the like.
- the Bca DNA polymerase for example, does not require manganese ions in the reaction, and can synthesize cDNA under high temperature conditions while suppressing secondary structure formation of the template RNA.
- a reverse transcription reaction using total RNA or mRNA as a template and a cDNA obtained by the reverse transcription reaction can be performed with one kind of polymerase.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and for example, various DNA polymerases as described above may be used in combination with the above-described reverse transcriptase such as MMLV RTase.
- MutS and polymerase of the same origin irrespective of said Aac MutS.
- MutS and polymerase derived from the same genus preferably from the same species, and more preferably from the same strain.
- the amount of the enzyme (eg, polymerase) in the reaction solution is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.01 to 1000 U, preferably 0.05, per 25 ⁇ L of the reaction solution. Is 500 U, more preferably 0.1 to 100 U.
- the intron sequence contained in the eukaryotic genome is used as a target site for deletion, insertion or addition, and the intron sequence is present in the test nucleic acid. It can also be determined whether or not. When the presence or absence of the intron sequence is determined and it is determined that it does not exist, it can be determined that the target gene mRNA is present, that is, the target gene is expressed.
- the target sequence is preferably mRNA.
- the nucleic acid amplification method is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be employed.
- the nucleic acid amplification reaction may be performed, for example, by changing the temperature or at a constant temperature.
- Examples of the former include a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method (for example, see Patent Nos. 2502041, 2546576 and 2703194), an RT-PCR method (for example, Trends in Biothechnology, Vol. 10, pp. 146-153, 1992 etc.).
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- RT-PCR method for example, Trends in Biothechnology, Vol. 10, pp. 146-153, 1992 etc.
- the PCR usually includes a denaturing step for denaturing a double-stranded nucleic acid into a single-stranded nucleic acid, an annealing step for hybridizing a primer to the single-stranded nucleic acid, and an extending step for extending from the hybridized primer.
- the latter is a so-called isothermal amplification method
- the constant temperature includes, for example, not only maintaining a set temperature accurately but also a condition of a substantially constant temperature.
- the “substantially constant temperature” includes, for example, the meaning of temperature change that does not impair the functions of various components used in the amplification reaction.
- Examples of the isothermal amplification method include the Smart Amplification Process Method (International Publication WO01 / 030993, International Publication WO2004 / 040019, International Publication WO2005 / 063977, Mitani, Y. et al., Nature Methods, 2007. , Vol. 4, No. 3, 257-262), SDA method (strand displacement amplification) method (see JP-A-10-313900), improved SDA method, NASBA (nucleic acid sequence based amplification) method (patent no. 2650159), LAMP (Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification) method (Notomi, T. et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 2000, Vol. 28, No.
- the isothermal amplification method is generally a method of performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction isothermally (constant temperature).
- the conditions for the amplification reaction are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art.
- the reaction temperature is preferably set, for example, at or near the melting temperature (Tm) of the primer, and further, the stringency level should be set in consideration of the melting temperature (Tm) of the primer. Is preferred.
- Specific examples of the reaction temperature include, for example, about 20 ° C. to about 75 ° C., preferably about 35 ° C. to about 65 ° C.
- the isothermal amplification method will be described by taking a method using an asymmetric primer set and a method using a symmetric primer set as examples.
- the former is, for example, a primer set in which a pair of primers have different forms of one primer and the other, and is hereinafter referred to as “asymmetric primer set”.
- the latter is, for example, a primer set in which a pair of primers has the same form as one primer and the other, and is hereinafter referred to as a “symmetric primer set”.
- the asymmetric primer set is suitable for the Smart Amplification Process method, for example, and the symmetric primer set is suitable for the LAMP method, for example. Note that the present invention is not limited to this.
- the Smart Amplification Process method can amplify a target sequence with excellent specificity. For this reason, nucleic acid amplification can determine, for example, the presence or absence of mutations in genes, ie, base deletions, substitutions, insertions or additions. ing.
- the asymmetric primer set is an asymmetric primer set in which the form of one primer and the form of the other primer are different from each other, and can be applied to the Smart Amplification Process method. preferable.
- this primer set is also referred to as “Smart Amplification Process primer set”.
- a pair of asymmetric primers includes a first primer and a second primer,
- the first primer comprises a sequence (Ac ′) that hybridizes to the sequence (A) of the 3 ′ end portion of the target sequence at the 3 ′ end portion, and the target sequence is more than the sequence (A).
- a sequence (B ′) that hybridizes to the complementary sequence (Bc) of the sequence (B) present on the 5 ′ side is included on the 5 ′ side of the sequence (Ac ′),
- FIG. 9 schematically shows the mechanism of nucleic acid synthesis using the first primer.
- the target sequence in the nucleic acid used as a template is determined, and the sequence (A) at the 3 'end portion of the target sequence and the sequence (B) existing 5' from the sequence (A) are determined.
- the first primer includes a sequence (Ac ′) and further includes a sequence (B ′) on the 5 ′ side thereof.
- the sequence (Ac ′) hybridizes to the sequence (A), and the sequence (B ′) hybridizes to the complementary sequence (Bc) of the sequence (B).
- the first primer may include an intervening sequence that does not affect the reaction between the sequence (Ac ′) and the sequence (B ′).
- the sequence (Ac ′) in the primer is hybridized to the sequence (A) of the target sequence (FIG. 9 (a)).
- a nucleic acid containing a complementary sequence of the target sequence is synthesized.
- the sequence (B ′) present on the 5 ′ side of the synthesized nucleic acid hybridizes to the sequence (Bc) present in the nucleic acid, and thereby the stem-loop on the 5 ′ side of the synthesized nucleic acid.
- a structure is formed.
- the sequence (A) on the template nucleic acid becomes a single strand, and another primer having the same sequence as the first primer hybridizes to this portion (FIG. 9 (b)). Thereafter, an extension reaction from the newly hybridized first primer occurs by the strand displacement reaction, and at the same time, the previously synthesized nucleic acid is separated from the template nucleic acid (FIG. 9 (c)).
- the phenomenon that the sequence (B ′) hybridizes to the sequence (Bc) typically occurs due to the presence of complementary regions on the same strand.
- a double-stranded nucleic acid is dissociated into a single strand, partial dissociation starts from its terminal or other relatively unstable portion.
- the base pair of the terminal portion is in an equilibrium state of dissociation and binding at a relatively high temperature, and the double-stranded nucleic acid is maintained as a whole.
- a stem-loop structure can be formed as a metastable state.
- the design criteria for the first primer in a preferred embodiment of the present invention are as follows. First, in order for a new primer to efficiently anneal to the template nucleic acid after the complementary strand of the template nucleic acid is synthesized by extension of the primer, a template is formed by forming a stem-loop structure on the 5 ′ side of the synthesized complementary strand. The part of the sequence (A) on the nucleic acid needs to be a single strand. For that purpose, the difference (XY) between the base number X of the sequence (Ac ′) and the base number Y of the region sandwiched between the sequence (A) and the sequence (B) in the target sequence is expressed as X The ratio to (XY) / X becomes important.
- the optimum temperature for the primer extension reaction is, for example, at most around 72 ° C., and at such a low temperature, it is difficult for the extension strand to dissociate over a long region. Therefore, in order for the sequence (B ′) to efficiently hybridize to the sequence (Bc), it is considered preferable that the number of bases between both sequences is small. On the other hand, in order for the sequence (B ′) to hybridize to the sequence (Bc) and to make the portion of the sequence nucleic acid (A) of the template nucleic acid single-stranded, the sequence (B ′) having the larger number of bases Is considered preferable.
- the first primer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is the (XY) when no intervening sequence exists between the sequence (Ac) and the sequence (B ′) constituting the primer.
- ) / X is, for example, -1.00 or more, preferably 0.00 or more, more preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.10 or more, and for example, 1.00 or less, preferably 0.00. It is designed to be 75 or less, more preferably 0.50 or less, and even more preferably 0.25 or less.
- (X + Y) is preferably 15 or more, more preferably 20 or more, further preferably 30 or more, and is preferably 50 or less, more preferably 48 or less, and even more preferably 42 or less.
- the first primer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is ⁇ X- (YY ') ⁇ / X is, for example, -1.00 or more, preferably 0.00 or more, more preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.10 or more. It is designed to be 0.000 or less, preferably 0.75 or less, more preferably 0.50 or less, and even more preferably 0.25 or less.
- (X + Y + Y ′) is preferably 15 or more, more preferably 20 or more, more preferably 30 or more, and is preferably 100 or less, more preferably 75 or less, and even more preferably 50 or less.
- the first primer has, for example, a chain length that allows base pairing with the target nucleic acid while maintaining the required specificity under given conditions.
- the chain length of this primer is preferably 15 to 100 nucleotides, more preferably 20 to 60 nucleotides.
- the lengths of the sequence (Ac) and the sequence (B ′) constituting the first primer are each preferably 5 to 50 nucleotides, more preferably 7 to 30 nucleotides. If necessary, an intervening sequence that does not affect the reaction may be inserted between the sequence (Ac) and the sequence (B ′).
- the second primer included in the primer set according to the present invention is the sequence of the 3 ′ end portion of the complementary sequence of the target sequence (the strand opposite to the strand to which the first primer hybridizes).
- a folded sequence (D-Dc ′) containing a sequence (Cc ′) that hybridizes to (C) at the 3 ′ end portion and two nucleic acid sequences that hybridize to each other on the same strand ) On the 5 ′ side.
- the structure of such a second primer is, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, but is not limited to the sequence or the number of nucleotides shown in FIG.
- the length of the sequence (Cc ′) constituting the second primer is preferably 5 to 50 nucleotides, more preferably 10 to 30 nucleotides.
- the length of the folded sequence (D-Dc ′) is preferably 2 to 1000 nucleotides, more preferably 2 to 100 nucleotides, further preferably 4 to 60 nucleotides, and further preferably 6 to 40 nucleotides.
- the number of nucleotides of base pairs formed by hybridization within the folded sequence (D-Dc ′) is preferably 2 to 500 bp, more preferably 2 to 50 bp, still more preferably 2 to 30 bp, and further preferably 3 to 20 bp.
- the nucleotide sequence of the folded sequence (D-Dc ′) may be any sequence and is not particularly limited, but is preferably a sequence that does not hybridize to the target sequence. If necessary, an intervening sequence that does not affect the reaction may be inserted between the sequence (Cc ′) and the folded sequence (D-Dc ′).
- the two sequences to be hybridized are mutually complementary sequences, but the present invention is not limited thereby.
- the first primer hybridizes to the sense strand of the target nucleic acid, and the primer extension reaction occurs (FIG. 11 (a)).
- the primer extension reaction occurs (FIG. 11 (a)).
- a stem-loop structure is formed on the extended strand ( ⁇ )
- a new first primer hybridizes to the sequence (A) of the sense strand that has become a single strand (FIG. 11 (b) )
- An extension reaction of the primer occurs, and the previously synthesized extension strand ( ⁇ ) is eliminated.
- the second primer hybridizes to the sequence (C) of the released extended strand ( ⁇ ) (FIG. 11 (c)), the primer extension reaction occurs, and the extended strand (+) is synthesized. (FIG. 11 (d)).
- a stem-loop structure is formed at the 3 ′ end of the generated extended strand (+) and the 5 ′ end of the extended strand ( ⁇ ) (FIG. 11 (e)), and the extended strand (+) which is the free 3 ′ end.
- the extended chain ( ⁇ ) is detached (FIG. 11 (f)).
- a hairpin-type double-stranded nucleic acid in which the extension strand ( ⁇ ) is bonded to the 3 ′ side of the extension strand (+) via the sequence (A) and the sequence (Bc) is generated,
- the first primer hybridizes to the sequence (A) and sequence (Bc) (FIG. 11 (g)), and an extended chain ( ⁇ ) is generated by the extension reaction (FIG. 11 (h) and FIG. 12 (i). )).
- a free 3 ′ end is provided by the folded sequence present at the 3 ′ end of the hairpin type double-stranded nucleic acid (FIG. 11 (h)), and by an extension reaction therefrom (FIG.
- a single-stranded nucleic acid having a folded sequence at both ends and alternately containing an extended strand (+) and an extended strand ( ⁇ ) through the sequences derived from the first and second primers is generated (FIG. 12 (j )).
- the free 3 ′ end starting point of complementary strand synthesis
- the same extension reaction is repeated, The chain length is doubled per extension reaction (FIGS. 12 (l) and (m)).
- the free 3 ′ end (the complementary strand synthesis origin) is provided by the folded sequence present at the 3 ′ end. For this reason (FIG. 12 (n)), a stem-loop structure is formed at both ends by the extension reaction therefrom, and the extended strand (+) and the extended strand (-) are alternately included via the sequence derived from the primer.
- Single-stranded nucleic acid is produced (FIG. 12 (o)). In this single-stranded nucleic acid as well, the complementary strand synthesis starting point is sequentially provided by the loop formation at the 3 'end, so that elongation reactions occur one after another.
- the single-stranded nucleic acid thus automatically extended contains sequences derived from the first primer and the second primer between the extended strand (+) and the extended strand ( ⁇ ). Therefore, it is possible for each primer to hybridize to cause an extension reaction, and thereby the sense strand and the antisense strand of the target nucleic acid are significantly amplified.
- the primer set for Smart Amplification Process may include a third primer in addition to the first primer and the second primer.
- the third primer is, for example, a primer that hybridizes to the target sequence or its complementary sequence and does not compete with other primers for hybridization to the target sequence or its complementary sequence.
- “non-competing” means, for example, that the primer does not interfere with the provision of a complementary strand synthesis starting point by hybridization with the target sequence.
- the amplification product When the target sequence is amplified by the first primer and the second primer, as described above, the amplification product has the target sequence and its complementary sequence alternately. On the 3 'side of the amplification product, there is a folded sequence or loop structure, and extension reactions occur one after another from the complementary strand synthesis origin provided thereby.
- the third primer is preferably a primer that can be annealed to the target sequence present in the single-stranded portion when such an amplification product is partially in a single-stranded state.
- the third primer is not limited, and may be one type.
- two or more types of the third primer may be used at the same time in order to improve the speed and specificity of the amplification reaction.
- These third primers are typically composed of different sequences from the first primer and the second primer, but hybridize to partially overlapping regions as long as they do not compete with these primers. Also good.
- the chain length of the third primer is preferably 2 to 100 nucleotides, more preferably 5 to 50 nucleotides, and even more preferably 7 to 30 nucleotides.
- the primary purpose of the third primer is, for example, an auxiliary function for advancing the amplification reaction with the first primer and the second primer more rapidly.
- the third primer preferably has a Tm lower than the Tm of each 3 'end of the first primer and the second primer.
- the amount of the third primer added to the amplification reaction solution is preferably smaller than, for example, the amount of each of the first primer and the second primer.
- a primer having a structure capable of forming a loop as described in International Publication No. 02/24902 pamphlet, which gives a starting point for complementary strand synthesis to the loop portion is used.
- a complementary strand synthesis origin may be added to any site within the target sequence.
- one of the first primer and the second primer, or both of the primers are labeled with a labeling substance such as a fluorescent dye, for example.
- a primer may be sufficient and the said 3rd primer may be the said labeled primer, for example.
- any one or both of the first primer and the second primer and the third primer may all be the labeled primers.
- the Smart Amplification Process primer is preferably designed as follows. That is, the primer set for the Smart Amplification Process uses, as a target sequence, a nucleic acid sequence having a mutation at the target site (detection site) (mutant sequence) or a nucleic acid sequence having no mutation at the target site (wild type sequence).
- the target site causing the target mutation is included in the sequence (A), the sequence (B) or the sequence (C), or between the sequence (A) and the sequence (B) or the sequence (A) It is preferable to design the primer set so as to be arranged between the sequence (C).
- the presence of the amplification product after the amplification reaction indicates the presence of the mutant sequence, and the absence of the amplification product. Or a decrease indicates the absence of the mutated sequence.
- the presence of the amplified product after the amplification reaction indicates the absence of the mutant sequence, and amplification The absence or reduction of the product indicates the presence of the mutated sequence.
- “decrease in amplification product” means, for example, that the amount of amplification product obtained is reduced compared to the amount of amplification product obtained when the target sequence is present in the test nucleic acid. Means.
- the primer set for example, a primer set designed so that the target site is included in the sequence (A) is preferable.
- a primer set for example, when a target sequence (for example, a wild type sequence) is included in the test nucleic acid, the first primer anneals to the sequence (A) in the amplification reaction. can get.
- the test nucleic acid contains a nucleic acid sequence (for example, a mutant sequence) different from the target sequence, it is difficult for the first primer to anneal to the sequence (A) in the amplification reaction. For this reason, no amplification product is obtained or the amount of amplification product obtained is significantly reduced.
- the sequence (Ac) contained in the first primer is preferably a sequence complementary to the sequence (A).
- the primer set for example, a primer set designed so that the target site is included in the sequence (C) is preferable.
- a primer set for example, when a target sequence (for example, a wild type sequence) is included in the test nucleic acid, the second primer anneals to the sequence (C) in the amplification reaction. can get.
- the test nucleic acid contains a nucleic acid sequence different from the target sequence (for example, a mutant sequence
- the sequence (Cc ′) contained in the second primer is preferably a sequence complementary to the sequence (C).
- the primer is preferably a primer set designed so that the target site is included in the sequence (B), for example.
- a primer set for example, when the target nucleic acid includes a target sequence (for example, a wild type sequence), in the amplification reaction, the first primer anneals to the sequence (A) and the extension reaction is performed. Then, the sequence (B ′) contained in the primer hybridizes to the extended strand sequence (Bc). For this reason, a stem-loop structure is efficiently formed. By forming this efficient stem-loop structure, it becomes possible for the other first primer to anneal to the template, and the action mechanism shown in FIG. It is done.
- test nucleic acid contains a nucleic acid sequence (for example, a mutant sequence) different from the target sequence
- a nucleic acid sequence for example, a mutant sequence
- the order is disturbed and no amplification product is obtained, or the amount of amplification product obtained is significantly reduced.
- the sequence (B ′) contained in the first primer is preferably the same sequence as the sequence (B).
- the primer set for example, a primer set designed so that the target site is disposed between the sequence (A) and the sequence (B) is preferable.
- the extension reaction was performed by annealing the first primer to the sequence (A) in the amplification reaction. Thereafter, the sequence (B ′) contained in the primer hybridizes to the extended strand sequence (Bc). For this reason, a stem-loop structure is efficiently formed. The formation of this efficient stem-loop structure enables the other first primer to anneal to the template, and the action mechanism shown in FIG. 9 proceeds efficiently, resulting in an amplification product. .
- the test nucleic acid contains a nucleic acid sequence different from the target sequence (for example, a mutant sequence)
- the sequence (B ′) contained in the first primer and the sequence (Bc) on the extended strand are appropriate. Therefore, it is difficult to form the stem-loop structure in the amplification reaction. This is the case when there is a long sequence insertion or deletion between the sequence (A) and the sequence (B). Therefore, in this case, the mechanism of action shown in FIG. 9 is hindered, and no amplification product is obtained, or the amount of amplification product obtained is significantly reduced.
- the primer set for example, a primer set designed so that the target site is disposed between the sequence (A) and the sequence (C) is preferable.
- the target sequence is contained in the test nucleic acid (for example, a wild type sequence)
- the first primer is annealed to the sequence (A) and the extension reaction is performed.
- the sequence (B ′) contained in the primer hybridizes to the sequence (Bc) on the extended strand, so that a stem-loop structure is efficiently formed.
- the formation of this efficient stem-loop structure allows the other first primer to anneal to the template, and the mechanism of action shown in FIGS. 9, 11 and 12 proceeds efficiently. An amplification product is obtained.
- test nucleic acid contains a nucleic acid sequence different from the target sequence (for example, a mutant sequence)
- an amplification product is not obtained or the amount of amplification product obtained is significantly reduced.
- the test nucleic acid contains a nucleic acid sequence different from the target sequence due to insertion of a long sequence between the sequence (A) and the sequence (C)
- the amplification rate (efficiency) is significantly reduced.
- No amplification product is obtained or the amount of amplification product obtained is significantly reduced.
- the test nucleic acid contains a nucleic acid sequence different from the target sequence.
- the sequence (B ′) contained in the first primer cannot hybridize on the extended strand, so that formation of a stem-loop structure becomes impossible or difficult. For this reason, the mechanism of action shown in FIG. 9, FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 is hindered, and no amplification product is obtained, or the amount of amplification product obtained is significantly reduced. Furthermore, due to the deletion of the sequence between the sequence (A) and the sequence (C), the test nucleic acid contains a nucleic acid sequence different from the target sequence, and the portion of the sequence (B) resulting from this deletion Even if there is no spontaneous deletion, the amplification rate (efficiency) is reduced, so that no amplification product is obtained or the amount of amplification product obtained is significantly reduced.
- the target site for deletion, insertion or addition may be an intron sequence contained in the genome of a eukaryote.
- mRNA that lacks the intron of the target gene is used as a test nucleic acid, and the target site related to the deletion of the intron sequence is arranged between the sequence (A) and the sequence (B).
- Primer sets designed in this way are preferred. According to such a primer set, first, the sequence (Ac ′) present on the 3 ′ side of the first primer is annealed to the template nucleic acid (test nucleic acid) to cause an extension reaction.
- the sequence (B ′) present on the 5 ′ side of the first primer is adjacent to the self-extending production strand. It can hybridize to the sequence (Bc) corresponding to the exon. That is, when the extension strand synthesizes a target region of mRNA having a sequence in which two exons are connected in order, the stem-loop structure shown in FIG. 9 is formed for the first time. A new first primer can be annealed to the template nucleic acid sequence (A). Formation of the stem-loop structure on the 5 ′ side of the first primer is efficiently repeated when the template nucleic acid sequences (A) and (B) are present at appropriate intervals, as described above. .
- amplification occurs only when mRNA containing no intron sequence is used as a template, and amplification does not occur with genomic DNA containing an intron sequence.
- the target sequence can be amplified accurately, and the formation of this stem-loop structure is repeated accurately every cycle, so that only the target sequence can be amplified accurately.
- the Smart Amplification Process method since the specificity is high, non-specific amplification can be suppressed and only the target mRNA can be specifically amplified, and the quantitativeness thereof is also improved. According to the present invention, since the Aac MutS of the present invention coexists, its quantitativeness can be further improved.
- this principle makes it possible, for example, to perform complicated and time-consuming DNase treatment and the like, thereby eliminating the step of acquiring RNA by breaking DNA in the sample, reducing the natural decay of mRNA, and enabling quicker qualitative or quantitative analysis. Can be diagnosed.
- the symmetric primer set is a symmetric primer set in which the form of one of the paired primers and the form of the other primer are the same. It is preferable.
- this primer set is also referred to as “LAMP primer set”.
- the target gene can be amplified by recognizing six regions. That is, in this method, first, the first primer anneals to the template strand to cause an extension reaction. Next, the extended strand by the first primer is separated from the template strand by the strand displacement reaction by the second primer designed upstream from the first primer. At this time, a stem-loop structure is formed on the 5 'side of the extended strand due to the structure of the first primer extended strand that has been peeled off. A similar reaction is performed on the other strand of the double-stranded nucleic acid or on the 3 'side of the stripped first primer extension strand. Then, the target sequence is amplified by repeating these reactions.
- the template in the LAMP method has, for example, a region consisting of a base sequence complementary to the terminal region on the 3 ′ side and 5 ′ side, respectively, on the same strand.
- a template in which a loop capable of base pairing is formed between them also referred to as “dumbbell template nucleic acid”.
- the LAMP method can be performed according to, for example, International Publication No. 00/28082 pamphlet, International Publication No. 01/034838 pamphlet or the like.
- the PCR method is used to amplify the target sequence by changing the reaction temperature, for example, by dissociating the double-stranded nucleic acid, annealing the primer to the released single strand, and synthesizing the nucleic acid from the primer It can be performed.
- the conditions for the PCR method are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art.
- the first determination method of the present invention will be described below with an example in which double-stranded DNA is used as a test nucleic acid (template nucleic acid).
- a reaction solution containing double-stranded DNA, primers, Aac MutS, DNA polymerase and dNTP, which are test nucleic acids is prepared.
- the type of the primer to be used is not particularly limited, and can be set according to, for example, the type of nucleic acid amplification reaction or the type of target sequence for amplification, and one or more types may be used. Moreover, you may use 1 type, or 2 or more types for the primer set used as a pair.
- the concentration of each component in the reaction solution is not particularly limited, but is as described above, for example.
- the concentration of dNTP in the reaction solution is, for example, 0.01 to 100 mmol / L, preferably 0.1 to 10 mmol / L.
- the dNTP includes, for example, ATP, TTP, GTP, and CTP, and may further include UTP instead of or in addition to TTP.
- the reaction solution may further contain, for example, a buffer solution, a surfactant, a catalyst, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), betaine, a chelating agent such as DTT (dithiothreitol), EDTA, glycerol, and the like.
- a buffer solution examples include Tris-HCl buffer, Tricine buffer, sodium phosphate buffer, potassium phosphate buffer, etc.
- the concentration in the reaction solution is, for example, 0.001 to 1000 mmol / L. Yes, the pH is, for example, 5-10.
- the surfactant include Tween series such as Tween-20, Triton series such as Triton X-100, and the like.
- the catalyst examples include potassium salts such as potassium acetate, ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, magnesium salts such as magnesium sulfate, and the like.
- potassium salts such as potassium acetate
- ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate
- magnesium salts such as magnesium sulfate
- DMSO betaine
- formamide such as ammonium sulfate
- glycerol such as melting temperature adjusting agents for improving the efficiency of nucleic acid amplification
- glycerol bovine serum albumin
- saccharides etc.
- enzyme stabilizers for stabilizing enzymes May be included.
- saccharide include monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. Specifically, trehalose, sorbitol, mannitol and the like can be used.
- reaction liquid may also contain the acidic substance described in the international publication 99/54455 pamphlet, a cation complex, etc., for example. Any of these various components may be used, for example, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- a nucleic acid amplification reaction is performed in the state where Aac MutS coexists in the reaction solution.
- the conditions for the amplification reaction are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set according to the type.
- the amplification product obtained by the amplification reaction is detected and the presence or absence of amplification is confirmed.
- the detection of the amplification product may be performed with time during the reaction, or may be performed after a certain time has elapsed since the start of the reaction.
- the former is so-called real-time detection, and may be, for example, continuous detection or intermittent detection. In the latter case, for example, it is preferable to detect an amplification product at the start of the reaction and after a lapse of a certain time, and confirm the presence or absence of amplification from the fluctuation.
- the detection method of the amplification product is not particularly limited, and conventionally known methods as shown below can be used.
- Examples of the detection method of the amplification product include a method of detecting an amplification product of a specific size by general gel electrophoresis, for example, detection by a fluorescent substance such as ethidium bromide or SYBR (registered trademark) Green. it can.
- a probe labeled with a labeling substance can be used and hybridized with the amplification product for detection.
- An example of the labeling substance is biotin. The biotin can be detected, for example, by binding with fluorescently labeled avidin or avidin to which an enzyme such as peroxidase is bound.
- a method using immunochromatography for example, a method using a chromatographic medium using a label detectable with the naked eye (immunochromatography method).
- the amplification product and a labeled probe are hybridized, and this is brought into contact with a chromatographic medium on which a capture probe capable of hybridizing to the amplification product is immobilized at a site different from the probe. Then, the hybrid of the amplification product and the labeled probe can be trapped by the capture probe fixed to the chromatographic medium.
- the amplification product can be easily detected by the naked eye.
- the present invention for example, by detecting pyrophosphate which is a by-product of amplification, it is also possible to detect the amplification product indirectly.
- indirect detection with pyrophosphate is also preferable.
- the white turbidity of the reaction solution is visually or optically observed by utilizing the fact that magnesium in the reaction solution is combined with the produced pyrophosphate to form a white precipitate of magnesium pyrophosphate. By doing so, the presence or absence of amplification can be detected.
- the presence or absence of the amplification product can be detected by observing the aggregation of the solid phase carrier resulting from the generation of the amplification product.
- at least one primer used in the present invention is bound to, for example, a solid phase carrier or includes a site or group capable of binding to the solid phase carrier.
- the solid phase carrier or the site or group capable of binding to the solid phase carrier may be introduced into any region such as the 3 ′ end region, the 5 ′ end region and the central region of the primer.
- a substrate such as deoxynucleotide (dNTP) used in the amplification reaction may be bound to, for example, a solid phase carrier, or may contain a site or group that can bind to the solid phase carrier.
- dNTP deoxynucleotide
- the solid phase carrier is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a carrier that is insoluble in the reaction solution used for the amplification reaction, a phase transition carrier whose properties change from a liquid phase to a solid phase (gel phase) before and after amplification, or In addition, a phase transition carrier or the like whose properties change from a solid phase (gel phase) to a liquid phase before and after amplification can be used.
- Preferred solid phase carriers include, for example, water-insoluble organic polymer carriers, water-insoluble inorganic polymer carriers, synthetic polymer carriers, phase transition carriers, metal colloids, magnetic particles, solvent-insoluble organic polymer carriers, solvent-insoluble inorganic polymers.
- Examples thereof include molecular carriers, solvent-soluble polymer carriers, gel polymer carriers, and the like.
- Examples of the water-insoluble organic polymer include silicon-containing substances such as porous silica, porous glass, diatomaceous earth, and celite; cross-linked polysaccharides such as nitrocellulose, hydroxyapatite, agarose, dextran, cellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose; Examples include crosslinked products of proteins such as methylated albumin, gelatin, collagen, and casein; gel particles, dye sols, and the like.
- Examples of the water-insoluble inorganic polymer include aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and ceramic particles.
- Examples of the synthetic polymer include polystyrene, poly (meth) acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile or copolymers thereof, styrene-styrene sulfonic acid copolymer, vinyl acetate-acrylic acid ester copolymer, and the like. It is done.
- Examples of the metal colloid include gold colloid.
- Examples of the magnetic particles include magnetic iron oxide beads, particles alone coated with finely pulverized particles of magnetic iron oxide, superparamagnetic particles (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-501959), and a polymerizable silane coating. Examples thereof include magnetically responsive particles having superparamagnetic iron oxide (Japanese Patent Publication No.
- a magnetized solid phase carrier can easily separate a solid and a liquid using a magnetic force, for example.
- the shape of the solid phase carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include particles, membranes, fibers, filters, etc. Among them, particles are preferable, and the surface thereof is, for example, either porous or non-porous. May be.
- Particularly preferable solid phase carriers include, for example, latex in which a synthetic polymer carrier is uniformly dispersed in water, metal colloid particles such as gold colloid, magnetic particles such as magnet beads, and the like.
- the method for immobilizing the primer or the substrate on the solid phase carrier is not particularly limited.
- the immobilization can be performed, for example, by a method known to those skilled in the art, and may be a method using either physical bonding or chemical bonding.
- the immobilization can be generally performed by using a combination of a substance capable of labeling an oligonucleotide such as a primer or a probe and a solid phase carrier to which a substance capable of binding thereto is bound.
- the combination of the substances is not particularly limited, and those known in the art can be used.
- a combination of biotin and avidin or streptavidin a combination of an antigen and an antibody that can bind to the antigen, a ligand and this And a combination of two nucleic acids that hybridize with each other.
- a primer or a substrate labeled with biotin is bound to a solid phase carrier whose surface is coated with avidin or streptavidin, whereby the primer or the substrate can be immobilized on the solid phase carrier.
- the antigen include haptens such as FITC, DIG, and DNP.
- antibodies that can bind to these include antibodies such as anti-FITC antibody, anti-DIG antibody, and anti-DNP antibody.
- these antibodies may be, for example, either monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal antibodies.
- the binding between biotin and streptavidin is particularly preferable because it has high specificity and good binding efficiency, for example.
- Labeling substances such as biotin, hapten, and ligand can be used in a known manner (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 59-93099 and 59-148798, either alone or in combination as necessary). Gazette and JP-A-59-204200) can be introduced into the 5 ′ terminal region of the primer.
- the site or group capable of binding to the solid phase carrier can be appropriately selected depending on, for example, the method for immobilizing the primer or substrate to the solid phase carrier described above.
- the site or group may be, for example, one that allows physical binding to the solid phase carrier or one that allows chemical binding, but allows specific binding.
- the site capable of binding to the solid phase carrier include, as described above, biotin, avidin, streptavidin, antigen, antibody, ligand, receptor, nucleic acid, protein and the like, preferably biotin or streptavidin. Yes, more preferably biotin.
- the solid phase carrier includes, for example, a binding partner of the site included in the primer or the substrate, if necessary.
- the binding partner in the solid phase carrier only needs to be present in a state capable of binding to the site in the primer or the substrate, for example, preferably present on the surface of the solid phase carrier, more preferably Is coated on the surface of the solid phase carrier.
- a primer set as described above is prepared for each of a plurality of target sequences, and the plurality of primer sets are immobilized on the solid phase carrier in a form that can be distinguished from each other.
- the amplification reaction may be performed using the plurality of immobilized primer sets.
- a plurality of target sequences can be amplified at the same time, and the amplification products of the respective target sequences can be identified and detected.
- the amplification product can be detected using, for example, an intercalator. Specifically, for example, if the plurality of primers are respectively immobilized at specific positions on a planar solid support, the position where the amplification product is detected after the amplification reaction and detection of the amplification product.
- the solid phase carrier not only the planar solid phase carrier but also, for example, mutually distinguishable bead surfaces (US Pat. No. 6,046,807 and US Pat. No. 6,057,107)
- a quasi-flat plate carrier Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-245460 produced by bundling a fibrous carrier in which each primer set is solid-phased and cutting it into thin pieces is used. it can.
- examples of the detection method of the amplification product include an intercalator method.
- an intercalator that intercalates with a double-stranded nucleic acid is used, and the presence or absence of amplification is determined by fluorescence generated by excitation light irradiation.
- a method using a fluorescent substance and a quencher can be employed, and examples thereof include TaqMan (trademark) probe method and cycling probe method. It is also preferable to determine the presence or absence of amplification using a probe or primer having a compound disclosed in International Publication No. WO2008 / 111485.
- the probe or primer and the amplification product form a double-stranded nucleic acid
- fluorescence is emitted by irradiation with excitation light. Therefore, the presence or absence of amplification can be determined by detecting the fluorescence.
- an unpurified nucleic acid sample or a nucleic acid sample with a low degree of purification is particularly preferable because the increase in background can be reduced.
- the 5 'end of the primer may be immobilized on a solid phase such as a chip, and an amplification reaction may be performed on the solid phase.
- a fluorescent substance that emits light by double strand formation may be added to the primer, or an amplification reaction may be performed in the presence of a probe to which the fluorescent substance is added.
- the target site in the test nucleic acid sequence is a wild type or a mutant type. For example, if a primer that is completely complementary to the region containing the target site in the wild type sequence is used as the primer, the amplification is confirmed, the target site is wild type, and there is no mutation. It can be judged. When amplification is not confirmed, it can be determined that the target site is mutated and a mutation is present. On the other hand, if, for example, a primer that is completely complementary to the region containing the target site in the mutant sequence is used as the primer, the amplification is confirmed, the target site is mutant, Can be determined to exist. Moreover, when amplification is not confirmed, it can be judged that the said target site
- the second determination method of the present invention is a method for determining the presence or absence of a mutation at the target site of the test nucleic acid, and includes the following step (I ′) and the following step (II): Features.
- (I ′) Using the primer for amplifying the test nucleic acid in the presence of Aac MutS of the present invention and a probe capable of hybridizing to the region containing the target site in the test nucleic acid, A step of amplifying a target sequence including the target site in a nucleic acid (II) a step of confirming the presence or absence of amplification;
- Aac MutS used in the determination method of the present invention can specifically recognize and bind mismatched base pairs, for example, specificity for mismatched base pairs rather than complementary base pairs, so-called full-matched base pairs. Is expensive. Therefore, according to the second determination method of the present invention, when a probe capable of hybridizing to a region including the target site in the test nucleic acid is mismatch-bound to the test nucleic acid, the probe is specific to the mismatch site. To Aac MutS. In this case, even if the extended strand from the primer hybridized to a region different from the probe in the test nucleic acid reaches the vicinity of the mismatch site, the extension reaction is suppressed by the presence of the bound Aac MutS. . As a result, it is possible to avoid erroneous amplification of the target sequence that mismatch-bonds with the probe, so that it is possible to determine the presence or absence of mutation depending on the presence or absence of amplification with excellent reliability.
- the probe can be hybridized to a region including a target site, it is also referred to as a “target probe”, and the “region including the target site” is capable of hybridizing the target probe. Similar to the first determination method, it is also referred to as a hybrid region.
- the second determination method of the present invention can be performed in the same manner as the first determination method of the present invention unless otherwise specified. Specifically, in place of the “target primer” in the first determination method of the present invention, the first determination is performed except that the target probe is used and a primer for amplifying the target sequence is used. It can be performed in the same way as the method.
- the target probe can be the same as the target primer in the first determination method, for example, the type of nucleic acid or base constituting the probe.
- the length of the probe is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 5 to 40 bases, and more preferably 15 to 25 bases.
- the annealing conditions of the probe with respect to the test nucleic acid are not particularly limited, but for example, it is preferable to hybridize in the range of 20 to 80 ° C.
- the probe may have, for example, a label or an active group such as an amino group at one or both ends.
- the target site is determined to be a mutant type, and when amplification is not confirmed, the target site can be determined to be a normal type.
- the step (II ′) if a target probe capable of hybridizing to the region where the target site is a wild type is used, when amplification is confirmed in the step (II), When it is determined that the target site is normal and amplification is not confirmed, it can be determined that the target site is mutant.
- the suppression method of the present invention is a method of suppressing an extension reaction from a primer mismatch-bonded to a test nucleic acid, and a primer for amplifying a target sequence in the test nucleic acid in the presence of Aac MutS of the present invention. And amplifying the target sequence in the test nucleic acid.
- the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention is a method for amplifying a target sequence in a test nucleic acid, wherein the target sequence in the test nucleic acid is amplified using a primer for amplifying the target sequence. And a step of suppressing an extension reaction from a primer mismatch-bonded to the test nucleic acid by the suppression method of the present invention.
- the Aac MutS of the present invention specifically binds to mismatched base pairs in double-stranded nucleic acids. Therefore, when the target sequence is amplified in the presence of Aac MutS of the present invention, for example, when a primer is mismatch-bonded to the test nucleic acid, the Aac MutS recognizes and binds to the mismatched base pair. The extension reaction from the primer can be suppressed. On the other hand, as will be described later, there is a method of determining the presence or absence of a mutation in a target site based on the presence or absence of amplification using a primer.
- the Aac MutS recognizes and binds to it, Extension from the primer is suppressed.
- the Aac MutS of the present invention since the Aac MutS of the present invention has a particularly high specificity for mismatched base pairs, it is possible to determine the presence or absence of mutation with higher reliability than before.
- the target sequence of the test nucleic acid there may be a case where a site where a mutation may have occurred is known.
- the nucleic acid amplification of the present invention preferably include, for example, the following step (I) or the following step (I ′). In addition, about these processes, it is the same as that of the determination method of this invention mentioned above.
- the suppression method and the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention are characterized in that an amplification reaction is performed in the presence of the Aac MutS of the present invention, and other conditions are not particularly limited. About these specific methods, it is the same as that of the determination method of the variation
- the determination reagent of the present invention is a reagent used in the determination method of the present invention, and includes the Aac MutS of the present invention.
- the determination reagent of the present invention is characterized by containing the Aac MutS of the present invention, and other configurations are not limited at all.
- the determination reagent of the present invention may further contain reagents such as the above-mentioned additives such as ADP, other MutS, primers, enzymes such as polymerase, dNTPs, buffers, melting temperature adjusting agents, enzyme stabilizers and the like.
- the addition ratio of each component in the determination reagent of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a ratio such that the concentration is as described above when added to the reaction solution of the amplification reaction is preferable.
- the determination reagent of the present invention may be a determination kit for use in the determination method of the present invention, for example. In this case, for example, it is preferable to further include instructions for use.
- each component may be stored in each container, for example, or may be stored in each container in an appropriate combination.
- the form and material of the container are not particularly limited.
- the amplification reagent of the present invention is a reagent used for the amplification reaction of the present invention
- the suppression reagent of the present invention is a reagent used for the suppression method of the present invention, each containing the Aac MutS of the present invention. It is characterized by.
- the amplification reagent and the suppression reagent of the present invention are characterized by containing the Aac MutS of the present invention, and other configurations are not limited at all. Further, the configuration thereof is not particularly limited, and is the same as the above-described determination reagent.
- Example 1 Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius subsp. DNA was cloned from Acidocaldarius JCM5260 and Aac MutS was expressed and purified.
- Aac MutS DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 encoding Aac MutS was inserted into the NdeI-EcoRI site of the pET17b vector (Novagen) using an In-Fusion PCR cloning kit (Takara Bio).
- Aac MutS expression vector pETAacmutS was constructed. The pETAacmutS was introduced into Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3) RIL (Stratagene) and cultured overnight at 37 ° C. with 100 mL of LB medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL carbenicillin and 34 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol. A culture solution was obtained.
- 5 mL of the preculture solution was inoculated into 500 mL of LB medium containing 100 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin and 34 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol, and cultured with shaking at 33 ° C. and 200 rpm.
- IPTG was added to the culture solution so as to have a final concentration of 0.1 mmol / L, and further cultured with shaking at 33 ° C. and 200 rpm for 3 hours.
- This culture solution was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 39,200 m / s 2 for 4 minutes to recover the cells.
- the recovered cells were suspended in 50 mL of PBS and centrifuged again at 39,200 m / s 2 for 4 minutes to wash the cells.
- the cells were suspended using 5 mL of a lysis buffer per gram of the cells, and the cells were crushed by a French press under a condition of 6.2 MPa.
- the composition of the lysis buffer was 50 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5), 5 mmol / L EDTA, 5 mmol / L 2-mercaptoethanol, 25% (w / v) sucrose, protease inhibitor tablet (1 tablet) / L, trade name Complete EDTA-free Protease inhibitor cocktail tablets, manufactured by Roche).
- Aac MutS was purified using various chromatographies.
- the first running buffer was flowed under the same conditions to wash the column and remove the non-adsorbed fraction.
- 120 mL of the first running buffer was flowed under the same conditions to wash the column and remove the non-adsorbed fraction.
- 540 mL of the first running buffer with a concentration gradient of sodium chloride of 0 to 300 mmol / L is applied to the column, followed by the first running buffer with a concentration gradient of sodium chloride of 300 to 1000 mmol / L.
- the adsorbed fraction was eluted by flowing 540 mL, and 10 mL each was fractionated.
- the resulting concentrated solution contains the second running buffer.
- the composition of the second running buffer was 50 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5), 100 mmol / L potassium chloride, 5 mmol / L EDTA, 5 mmol / L 2-mercaptoethanol, 10% (w / v) glycerol. It was.
- Example 2 The interaction between Aac MutS and various double-stranded DNAs was analyzed.
- the analysis of the interaction was performed using BIACORE 3000 (manufactured by GE Healthcare) and BIACORE SA sensor chip (manufactured by GE Healthcare) according to the instructions for use.
- the running buffer was composed of 50 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.6), 50 mmol / L potassium chloride, 0.1 mmol / L EDTA, 20 mmol / L magnesium chloride, 0.005% Tween (registered trademark) 20.
- the composition of the regeneration buffer for washing the chip was 1 mol / L sodium chloride and 50 mmol / L sodium hydroxide.
- C-strand DNA and G-strand DNA are completely complementary sequences.
- the T-strand DNA has the same sequence as the C-strand DNA except that the 21st base C of the C-strand DNA is T.
- the Del-strand DNA has the same sequence as the C-strand DNA except that the 21st base C of the C-strand DNA is deleted.
- the C-strand DNA is completely complementary (full match) to the G-strand DNA, whereas the T-strand DNA and the Del-strand DNA are 21 in the C-strand DNA. Since the second base is substituted or deleted, only a single base mismatch occurs with the G-strand DNA.
- a double-stranded DNA consisting of the C-strand DNA and the G-strand DNA that are completely complementary is referred to as “full match”, and the T that mismatches only one base with the G-strand DNA.
- a double-stranded DNA composed of -strand DNA is referred to as "mismatch”
- a double-stranded DNA composed of the G-strand DNA and the Del-strand DNA deleted by one base is referred to as "deletion”.
- the running buffer was flowed through the flow path of the chip at a flow rate of 10 ⁇ L / min, and the experiment was started as follows. First, 5 ⁇ mol / L C-strand DNA, T-strand DNA, and Del-strand DNA are flowed at a flow rate of 10 ⁇ L / min to the three flow cells in the chip, respectively, and bound to about 150 RU (Resonance Unit). I let you. Subsequently, 5 ⁇ mol / L G-chain DNA was injected into each of the flow cells at a flow rate of 20 ⁇ L / min for 2 minutes, and then washed with the running buffer for 10 minutes.
- Aac MutS solution having a predetermined concentration (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 ⁇ mol / L) was injected into each of the flow cells at a flow rate of 20 ⁇ L / min for 10 minutes, and then the running buffer. The flow cell was washed for 20 minutes. In parallel with the injection and washing, the signal intensity was measured from the start of the Aac MutS injection. Further, as Comparative Example 1, instead of Aac MutS, Taq MutS derived from Thermus aquaticus was used in the same manner, and signal intensity was measured.
- the vertical axis indicates the signal intensity (RU) measured by BIACORE
- the horizontal axis indicates the analysis time (second). 0 to 600 seconds are the results of the Aac MutS injection period, and 600 seconds and later are the results of the cleaning period.
- the graph in the left column is the result of Example 2 using Aac MutS
- the graph in the right column is the result of Comparative Example 1 using Taq MutS.
- the upper graph shows the full match
- the middle graph shows the mismatch
- the lower graph shows the deletion data.
- Each graph also shows the results of using six types of concentrations of MutS.
- Comparative Example 1 it was confirmed that the signal decreased rapidly during the washing period (after 600 seconds), and the dissociation rate between various double-stranded DNAs and Taq MutS was fast.
- Example 2 during the washing period (after 600 seconds), a rapid signal decrease was not confirmed, and various duplexes and Aac MutS were less likely to dissociate than Comparative Example 1. all right.
- Aac MutS is less likely to bind to full-match double-stranded DNA than Taq MutS, and can specifically bind to mismatched or deleted double-stranded DNA, and the bond is also dissociated. It can be said that the bond is difficult and stable.
- Example 3 The interaction between Aac MutS and various double-stranded DNAs was analyzed in the presence of ADP or ATP.
- the signal intensity was measured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 1 mmol / L ADP or ATP was added to the running buffer of Example 2.
- An example in the presence of ADP is Example 3-1 and an example in the presence of ATP is Example 3-2.
- Comparative Example 2 signal intensity was similarly measured using Taq MutS.
- a comparative example in the presence of ADP was designated as Comparative Example 2-1, and a comparative example in the presence of ATP was designated as Comparative Example 2-2.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results in the presence of ADP, the graph on the left column is the result of Example 3-1 using Aac MutS, and the graph on the right column is Comparative Example 2 using Taq MutS. The result is -1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results in the presence of ADP, the graph on the left column is the result of Example 3-1 using Aac MutS, and the graph on the right column is Comparative Example 2 using Taq MutS. The result is -1.
- Example 3 shows the results of Example 3-2 and Comparative Example 2-2 in the presence of ATP
- the graph on the left column shows the results of Example 3-2 using Aac MutS.
- the graph is the result of Comparative Example 2-2 using Taq MutS.
- the upper graph shows full match
- the middle graph shows mismatch
- the lower graph shows deletion data.
- Each graph also shows the results of using six types of concentrations of MutS.
- Comparative Example 2-1 using Taq MutS in the presence of ADP used Taq MutS in the absence of ADP, as shown in the graph in the right column of FIG.
- the result was almost the same as in Comparative Example 1.
- Example 3-1 using Aac MutS in the presence of ADP has two mismatches and deletions during the injection period (0 to 600 seconds). An increase in the signal of the strand DNA was confirmed. This was a significant increase compared to the result of Example 2 using Aac MutS in the absence of ADP, as shown in the graph of the left column of FIG.
- the signal decrease of the mismatched and deleted double-stranded DNA in Example 3-1 is the same as the signal decrease of the mismatched and deleted double-stranded DNA in Example 2 above. In comparison, it was very slow. From these results, it can be seen that in the presence of ADP, binding of Aac MutS to mismatched and deleted double-stranded DNA is promoted, and dissociation of Aac MutS from the double-stranded DNA is suppressed. It was. Even in the presence of ADP, the binding of Aac MutS to the full-matched double-stranded DNA was sufficiently suppressed as in Example 2.
- Comparative Example 2-2 using Taq MutS in the presence of ATP used Taq MutS in the absence of ATP, as shown in the graph in the right column of FIG.
- the result was almost the same as in Comparative Example 1.
- Example 3-2 using Aac MutS in the presence of ATP has two mismatches and deletions during the injection period (0 to 600 seconds). An increase in the signal of the strand DNA was confirmed. This was a significant increase compared to the result of Example 2 using Aac MutS in the absence of ATP, as shown in the graph in the left column of FIG.
- KD (full) is the dissociation constant between each MutS and the fully matched double-stranded DNA
- KD (mis) is the dissociation constant between each MutS and the mismatched double-stranded DNA.
- KD (full) / KD (mis) indicates their ratio.
- Example 4 Gel shift assay by electrophoresis was performed, and the interaction between Aac MutS and various double-stranded DNAs was analyzed.
- a full-match double-stranded DNA of C-stranded DNA and G-stranded DNA, and T-stranded DNA and G-stranded DNA A mismatched double-stranded DNA was prepared.
- 2 ⁇ mol / L of each single-stranded DNA was mixed, and the DNA solution was heated at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes to completely denature.
- the heated DNA solution was cooled to 30 ° C. at a rate of 0.1 ° C./second to produce each double-stranded DNA.
- 2.5 ⁇ L of the DNA solution was mixed with 2.5 ⁇ L of 4 ⁇ binding buffer, and Aac MutS was further added.
- ADP or ATP and sterilized water were added to this mixed solution to make a total volume of 10 ⁇ L, and the mixture was incubated at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the final concentration of Aac MutS was 0, 1, 2 or 4 ⁇ mol / L, and the final concentration of ADP or ATP was 0 or 1 mmol / L.
- the composition of the 4 ⁇ binding buffer was 200 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.6 at 60 ° C.), 200 mmol / L potassium acetate, 80 mmol / L magnesium chloride, 0.4 mmol / L EDTA, 5 mmol / L 2- Mercaptoethanol and 40% glycerol were used.
- FIG. 1 is an electrophoretic photograph showing the results of gel shift assay in the absence of ATP and ADP, (b) in the presence of 1 mmol / L ADP, and (c) in the presence of 1 mmol / L ATP. It is.
- lane 0 is an electrophoresis marker (product name: 100 bp DNA Ladder, manufactured by TAKARA).
- lanes 1 to 5 show the results of full-match double-stranded DNA
- lanes 6 to 10 show the results of mismatched double-stranded DNA.
- Lanes 1 to 4 and 6 to 9 show the results of Example 4 using 0, 1, 2, and 4 ⁇ mol / L Aac MutS, respectively, and lanes 5 and 10 are comparisons using 1 ⁇ mol / L Taq MutS.
- the result of Example 3 is shown.
- the arrow indicates a gel shift band generated in Example 4 due to the binding between Aac MutS and double-stranded DNA.
- the asterisk indicates a band of gel shift generated by binding of Taq MutS and double-stranded DNA in Comparative Example 3.
- Example 5 In the presence of Aac MutS, a DNA amplification reaction was performed by the Smart Amplification Process method, and a single base mutation (position ⁇ 3826) of the UCP1 gene was analyzed based on the presence or absence of amplification.
- the MutS solution in the reaction solution composition was prepared using the following MutS preparation buffer so as to have a predetermined concentration (0, 10, 11, 12 ⁇ g / ⁇ L).
- the content of MutS in 25 ⁇ L of the reaction solution is 0, 10, 11, 12 ⁇ g.
- the primer mixed solution in the reaction solution composition was prepared by mixing the following primers of 100 ⁇ mol / L so that the volume ratio TP: FP: BP: OPF: OPR was 8: 8: 4: 1: 1. did.
- TP used was either TP WT or TP MT.
- TPWT and TPMT are target primers that can hybridize to a region containing the detection site of the UCP1 gene, TPWT is underlined in A, and TPMT is underlined in G. It is.
- the following primer set including TPWT is referred to as a wild type primer set
- the following primer set including TP MT is referred to as a mutant primer set.
- UCP1 TP WT (SEQ ID NO: 7) 5'-C A AGTGCATTTATGTAACAAATTCTCCTTTCCTTT-3 ' UCP1 TP MT (SEQ ID NO: 8) 5'-C G AGTGCATTTATGTAACAAATTCTCCTTTCCTTT-3 ' UCP1 FP (SEQ ID NO: 9) 5'-TTTATATATATATAAAGCAGCGATTTCTGATTGACCA-3 ' UCP1 BP (SEQ ID NO: 10) 5'-TAATGTGTTCTACATTTT-3 ' UCP1 OPF (SEQ ID NO: 11) 5'-GATTTTTATTTAATAGGAAGACATT-3 ' UCP1 OPR (SEQ ID NO: 12) 5'-GACGTAGCAAAGGAGTGGCAGCAAG-3 '
- a human genomic DNA having a UCP1 gene sequence of wild type (A at position ⁇ 3826) or mutant type (G at position ⁇ 3826) was used as a template DNA.
- the genomic DNA was diluted with TE buffer so as to be 13.3 ng / ⁇ L, this genomic DNA solution was heat-treated at 98 ° C. for 3 minutes, and then rapidly cooled on ice.
- An amplification reaction solution having the above composition was prepared on ice, and this reaction solution was incubated at 60 ° C. for 120 minutes. The generation of the amplification product was monitored using a real-time fluorescence detection apparatus (trade name Mx3000P, manufactured by Stratagene).
- Aac MutS was used as MutS.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of Example 5 using Aac MutS
- FIG. 6 shows the results of Comparative Example 4 using Taq MutS.
- the vertical axis indicates fluorescence intensity (FU: Fluorescence Unit)
- the horizontal axis indicates reaction time (minutes).
- Each graph in both figures shows wild-type genomic DNA and wild-type primer set ( ⁇ ), wild-type genome and mutant primer set ( ⁇ ), mutant-type genomic DNA and mutant primer set ( ⁇ ), mutant-type The results of using a combination of genomic DNA and wild type primer set ( ⁇ ) are also shown.
- the wild-type genomic DNA and wild-type primer set, and the mutant-type genomic DNA and mutant-type primer set are combinations that form a full-match double-stranded DNA.
- the wild-type genomic DNA, the mutant-type primer set, and the mutant-type genome DNA and a wild-type primer set are combinations that form mismatched double-stranded DNA.
- Taq MutS has a very narrow effective concentration.
- FIG. 5 according to Example 5 using Aac MutS, a combination that forms mismatched double-stranded DNA even under the condition of 10-12 ⁇ g of Aac MutS in 25 ⁇ L of the reaction solution. Amplification was suppressed for ( ⁇ , ⁇ ), and amplification was not inhibited for the combination ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) forming a full-match double-stranded DNA. From this result, it was confirmed that Aac MutS has a wider effective concentration than Taq MutS.
- Example 6 In the presence of Aac MutS and Taq MutS, a DNA amplification reaction was performed by the Smart Amplification Process method, and a single base mutation (position ⁇ 3826) of the UCP1 gene was analyzed based on the presence or absence of amplification.
- Amplification was monitored in the same manner as in Example 5 except that a MutS solution containing Aac MutS and Taq MutS was used instead of the MutS solution containing only Aac MutS.
- the contents of Aac MutS and Taq Mut protein contained in 25 ⁇ L of the reaction solution are shown below.
- Example 6-1 the total of Aac MutS and Taq MutS in 25 ⁇ L of the reaction solution was 7 ⁇ g, and in Example 6-2 below, Aac MutS and Taq MutS were equivalent in 25 ⁇ L of the reaction solution.
- FIG. 7 shows the results of Example 6-1 containing a total of 7 ⁇ g of Aac MutS and Taq MutS
- FIG. 8 shows the results of Example 6-2 containing equal amounts of Aac MutS and Taq MutS. is there.
- the description of the graphs in both figures is the same as in FIGS.
- Example 6-1 even if the total MutS content in 25 ⁇ L of the reaction solution is 7 ⁇ g and the ratio of Aac MutS and Taq MutS is varied from 2: 5 to 5: 2. Amplification was suppressed for the combination forming the mismatched double-stranded DNA, and amplification was not inhibited for the combination forming the full-matched double-stranded DNA. From this result, it was found that Aac MutS and Taq MutS can be used in combination. Further, it was found that by using Aac MutS together with Taq MutS, the amount of Aac MutS used can be reduced and both MutS can be used in a wide effective range.
- Example 6-2 when the content of Taq MutS and Aac MutS in 25 ⁇ L of the reaction solution is equal, even if the total content is 8 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g, Amplification was suppressed for the combination forming the mismatched double-stranded DNA, and amplification was not inhibited for the combination forming the full-matched double-stranded DNA. From this result, it was found that Aac MutS and Taq MutS can be used in combination. Further, it was found that by using Aac MutS together with Taq MutS, the amount of Aac MutS used can be reduced and both MutS can be used in a wide effective range.
- the Aac MutS protein of the present invention can specifically recognize and bind to a double-stranded nucleic acid having a so-called mismatch base pair, for example. For this reason, when the Aac MutS of the present invention is used in the amplification of the target sequence including the target site, the Aac MutS specifically binds to the mismatched base pair, so that extension from the primer can be effectively suppressed. Therefore, according to the determination method of the present invention using Aac MutS of the present invention, the presence or absence of mutation can be determined with excellent accuracy from the presence or absence of amplification. Therefore, the Aac MutS and determination method of the present invention can be said to be extremely useful tools in the field of genetic analysis, for example.
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Abstract
Description
(A)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列
(B)前記(A)のアミノ酸配列において、1または数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、挿入または付加されたアミノ酸配列であり、且つ、二本鎖核酸におけるミスマッチ塩基対への結合活性を有するタンパク質のアミノ酸配列
(I)本発明の新規MutSタンパク質の存在下、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む領域にハイブリダイズ可能なプライマーを用いて、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む標的配列を増幅する工程
(I’)本発明の新規MutSタンパク質と、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む領域にハイブリダイズ可能なプローブとの存在下、前記被検核酸を増幅するためのプライマーを用いて、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む前記標的配列を増幅する工程
(II)増幅の有無を確認する工程
本発明のAac MutSは、前述のように、下記(A)または(B)のアミノ酸配列からなることを特徴とする。
(A)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列
(B)前記(A)のアミノ酸配列において、1または数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、挿入または付加されたアミノ酸配列であり、且つ、二本鎖核酸におけるミスマッチ塩基対への結合活性を有するタンパク質のアミノ酸配列
・Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual 第3版(Sambrook & Russell、Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、2001)
・Current Protocols in Molecular biology(Ausubelら編、John Wiley & Sons、1987)
・Methods in Enzymologyシリーズ(Academic Press);PCR Protocols: Methods in Molecular Biology(Bartlett & Stirling編、Humana Press、2003)
・Antibodies:A Laboratory Manual(Harlow & Lane編、Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、1987
本発明の新規核酸は、前記本発明の新規Aac MutSをコードする核酸であり、以下の(a)~(f)のいずれかの核酸からなることを特徴とする。
(a)配列番号1に示す塩基配列からなる核酸
(b)前記(a)の核酸とストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズし、且つ、二本鎖核酸におけるミスマッチ塩基対への結合活性を有するタンパク質をコードする核酸
(c)前記(a)の塩基配列との相同性が80%以上の塩基配列からなり、且つ、二本鎖核酸におけるミスマッチ塩基対への結合活性を有するタンパク質をコードする核酸
(d)前記(a)の塩基配列において、1または数個の塩基が欠失、置換、挿入または付加された塩基配列からなり、且つ、二本鎖核酸におけるミスマッチ塩基対への結合活性を有するタンパク質をコードする核酸
(e)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする核酸
(f)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列において、1または数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、挿入または付加されたアミノ酸配列からなり、且つ、二本鎖核酸におけるミスマッチ塩基対への結合活性を有するタンパク質をコードする核酸
本発明の組換えベクターは、前述のように、本発明のAac MutS遺伝子を含むことを特徴とする。本発明の組換えベクターは、本発明のAac MutS遺伝子を含んでいればよく、その他の構成等は何ら制限されない。
本発明の形質転換体は、前述のように、本発明の組換えベクターを含むことを特徴とする。本発明の形質転換体は、本発明の組換えベクターを含んでいればよく、その他の構成については何ら制限されない。
本発明のAac MutSは、例えば、前記本発明の形質転換体を培養することによって調製できる。本発明のAac MutSの製造方法は、例えば、前述のように、前記本発明の形質転換体を培養することを特徴とする。また、本発明のAac MutSの製造方法は、例えば、さらに、得られた培養液からAac MutSタンパク質を単離してもよい。前記「培養物」とは、例えば、培養した形質転換体を含む培養液の他に、培養液の上清、培養細胞もしくは培養菌体、または、培養細胞もしくは培養菌体の破砕物等を含む意味でもよい。また、「本発明の形質転換体を培養する方法」は、例えば、宿主の培養に適用される通常の方法に従って行われ、その条件等は、例えば、宿主の種類等に応じて適宜決定できる。
本発明の変異の判定方法は、以下に示す第一の判定方法および第二の判定方法があげられる。
(I)本発明のAac MutSの存在下、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む領域にハイブリダイズ可能なプライマーを用いて、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む標的配列を増幅する工程
(II)増幅の有無を確認する工程
等温増幅法は、一般に、等温(一定温度)で核酸の増幅反応を行う方法である。本発明において、増幅反応の条件は、特に制限されず、当業者であれば適宜決定できる。反応温度は、例えば、プライマーの融解温度(Tm)付近の温度、または、それ以下に設定することが好ましく、さらには、プライマーの融解温度(Tm)を考慮し、ストリンジェンシーのレベルを設定することが好ましい。反応温度の具体例としては、例えば、約20℃~約75℃であり、好ましくは、約35℃~約65℃である。
増幅方法の中でもSmart Amplification Process法は、例えば、優れた特異性で標的配列を増幅できる。このため、核酸増幅によって、例えば、遺伝子における変異、すなわち、塩基の欠失、置換、挿入または付加の有無を判断でき、特に、一塩基の変異の有無(一塩基多型)等の判断に適している。
前記第一のプライマーが、標的配列の3’末端部分の配列(A)にハイブリダイズする配列(Ac')を3’末端部分に含んでなり、かつ前記標的配列において前記配列(A)よりも5’側に存在する配列(B)の相補配列(Bc)にハイブリダイズする配列(B')を前記配列(Ac')の5’側に含むものであり、
前記第二のプライマーが、前記標的配列の相補配列の3’末端部分の配列(C)にハイブリダイズする配列(Cc')を3’末端部分に含み、かつ相互にハイブリダイズする2つの核酸配列を同一鎖上に含む折返し配列(D-Dc')を前記配列(Cc')の5’側に含むものである。
前記対称型のプライマーセットは、前述のように、対になる一方のプライマーの形態と他方のプライマーの形態とが同じである対称型のプライマーセットであり、中でも、前記LAMP法に適用することが好ましい。このプライマーセットを、以下、「LAMP用プライマーセット」ともいう。
PCR法
PCR法は、前述のように、反応温度を変化させることにより、例えば、二本鎖核酸の解離、解離した一本鎖へのプライマーのアニーリング、プライマーからの核酸合成により、標的配列の増幅を行うことができる。PCR法の条件は、特に制限されず、当業者であれば適宜設定できる。
(I’)本発明のAac MutSと、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む領域にハイブリダイズ可能なプローブとの存在下、前記被検核酸を増幅するためのプライマーを用いて、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む標的配列を増幅する工程
(II)増幅の有無を確認する工程
本発明の抑制方法は、被検核酸にミスマッチ結合したプライマーからの伸長反応を抑制する方法であって、本発明のAac MutSの存在下、前記被検核酸における標的配列を増幅するためのプライマーを用いて、前記被検核酸における前記標的配列の増幅を行うことを特徴とする。
(I)本発明のAac MutSの存在下、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む領域にハイブリダイズ可能なプライマーを用いて、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む標的配列を増幅する工程
(I’)本発明のAac MutSと、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む領域にハイブリダイズ可能なプローブとの存在下、前記被検核酸を増幅するためのプライマーを用いて、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む標的配列を増幅する工程
本発明の判定試薬は、本発明の判定方法に使用する試薬であって、本発明のAac MutSを含むことを特徴とする。本発明の判定試薬は、本発明のAac MutSを含むことが特徴であり、その他の構成は、何ら制限されない。
Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius subsp. Acidocaldarius JCM5260からDNAをクローニングし、Aac MutSの発現および精製を行った。
Aac MutSをコードする配列番号1の塩基配列からなるDNAを、In-Fusion PCRクローニングキット(タカラバイオ社製)により、pET17bベクター(Novagen社製)のNdeI-EcoRIサイトに挿入し、Aac MutS発現ベクターpETAacmutSを構築した。前記pETAacmutSを大腸菌BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)RIL(Stratagene社製)に導入し、50μg/mLカルベニシリンおよび34μg/mLクロラムフェニコールを含有するLB培地100mLを用いて終夜37℃で振盪培養し、前培養液とした。前記前培養液5mLを、100μg/mLアンピシリンおよび34μg/mLクロラムフェニコールを含有するLB培地500mLに植菌し、33℃、200rpmで振盪培養した。この培養液のOD600が1付近に達した際、前記培養液にIPTGを終濃度0.1mmol/Lとなるように添加し、さらに33℃、200rpmで3時間振盪培養した。この培養液を遠沈管に移し、39,200m/s2、4分間の遠心分離を行い、菌体を回収した。前記回収菌体をPBS50mLで懸濁し、再度、39,200m/s2、4分間の遠心分離を行い、菌体を洗浄した。前記菌体1g当たり5mLのリシスバッファーを用いて前記菌体を懸濁し、フレンチプレスにより6.2MPaの条件下、前記菌体を破砕した。前記リシスバッファーの組成は、50mmol/Lトリス塩酸緩衝液(pH7.5)、5mmol/L EDTA、5mmol/L 2-メルカプトエタノール、25%(w/v)ショ糖、プロテアーゼ阻害剤タブレット(1タブレット/L、商品名Complete EDTA-free Protease inhibitor cocktail tablets、Roche社製)とした。この菌体破砕液に10%Brij-58を終濃度0.5%(w/v)となるように添加し、前記菌体破砕液を4℃で30分間穏やかに混和した。この混合液を、4℃、15,000rpmで40分間遠心分離を行い、上清を得た。前記上清を30mLずつ50mL容量のチューブ(ファルコン社製)に移し、60℃、10分間の熱処理を行った。熱処理後の前記上清を、4℃、18,000rpmで40分間遠心分離し、上清を得た。この上清を、4Lのランニングバッファーを用いて2回透析を行い、粗抽出液を得た。前記ランニングバッファーの組成は、50mmol/Lトリス塩酸緩衝液(pH7.5)、5mmol/L EDTA、5mmol/L 2-メルカプトエタノールとした。
各種クロマトグラフィーを用いて、Aac MutSの精製を行った。
強陰イオン交換カラム(Resource Q(50mL)、GEヘルスケア社製)および高速液体クロマトグラフィーシステム(AKTA explorer 100、GEヘルスケア社製)を使用した。第1のランニングバッファーを用いて、流速2mL/分の条件で前記強陰イオン交換カラムを平衡化した。前記第1のランニングバッファーの組成は、50mmol/Lトリス塩酸緩衝液(pH7.5)、5mmol/L EDTA、5mmol/L 2-メルカプトエタノール、10%(w/v)グリセロールとした。そして、前記粗抽出液を前記強陰イオン交換カラムに流速3mL/分でアプライした後、同条件で前記第1のランニングバッファー120mLを流して、前記カラムを洗浄し、非吸着画分を除去した。つぎに、前記カラムに、塩化ナトリウム0~300mmol/Lの濃度勾配をかけた前記第1のランニングバッファー540mL、続いて、塩化ナトリウム300~1000mmol/Lの濃度勾配をかけた前記第1のランニングバッファー540mLを流して、吸着画分を溶出し、10mLずつ分画した。各画分をSDS-ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動(SDS-PAGE)に供し、目的の分子量(MW約96,000Da)のタンパク質バンドを確認した後、同バンドを有する画分を回収した。これらの回収画分をまとめ、Amicon Ultra-15(Millipore社製)を用いて、4℃、49,000m/s2で15分間遠心分離を行い、約20mLまで濃縮した。この濃縮液に、等量の前記第1のランニングバッファー(塩化ナトリウム無添加)を添加し、再度、Amicon Ultra-15を用いて同様に遠心分離を行い、得られた濃縮液に、前記第1のランニングバッファーを添加して全体を50mLとした。
つぎに、ヘパリンアフィニティーカラム(ヘパリンセファロースHP(50mL)、GEヘルスケア社製)および前記高速液体クロマトグラフィーシステムを使用した。前記第1のランニングバッファーを用いて、流速2mL/分の条件で前記ヘパリンアフィニティーカラムを平衡化した。そして、前述のイオン交換カラムクロマトグラフィーにより得た溶液を、前記ヘパリンアフィニティーカラムに流速1mL/分でアプライした後、同条件で前記第1のランニングバッファー25mLを流して前記カラムを洗浄し、非吸着画分を除去した。つぎに、前記カラムに塩化ナトリウム0~450mmol/Lの濃度勾配をかけた前記第1のランニングバッファー400mLを流して吸着画分を溶出し、10mLずつ分画した。各画分をSDS-PAGEに供して目的の分子量のタンパク質バンドを確認した後、同バンドを有する画分を回収した。これらの回収画分をまとめ、Amicon(登録商標)Ultra-15(Millipore社製)を用いて、4℃、49,000m/s2で15分間遠心分離を行い、約20mLまで濃縮した。この濃縮液に、等量の第2のランニングバッファーを添加し、再度、Amicon(登録商標)Ultra-15を用いて同様に遠心分離を行い、得られた濃縮液に、前記第2のランニングバッファーを添加して全体を20mLとした。前記第2のランニングバッファーの組成は、50mmol/Lトリス塩酸緩衝液(pH7.5)、100mmol/L塩化カリウム、5mmol/L EDTA、5mmol/L 2-メルカプトエタノール、10%(w/v)グリセロールとした。
つぎに、ゲルろ過カラム(Superdex200 prep grade XK50-65、GEヘルスケア社製)および前記高速液体クロマトグラフィーシステムを使用した。前記第2のランニングバッファーを用いて、流速5mL/分の条件で前記ゲルろ過カラムを平衡化した。そして、前述のアフィニティーカラムクロマトグラフィーにより得た溶液を、前記ゲルろ過カラムに流速1mL/分でアプライした後、同条件で前記第2のランニングバッファーを流して、ろ過画分を15mLずつ分画した。各画分をSDS-PAGEに供して、目的の分子量のタンパク質バンドを確認した後、同バンドを有する画分を回収した。これらの回収画分をまとめ、前記第2のランニングバッファーを添加して全体を250mLとした。
最後に、強陰イオン交換カラム(Resource Q(20mL)、GEヘルスケア社製)および前記高速液体クロマトグラフィーシステムを使用した。前記第2のランニングバッファーを用いて、流速4mL/分の条件で前記強陰イオン交換カラムを平衡化した。そして、前述のゲルろ過カラムクロマトグラフィーにより得た溶液を、前記強陰イオン交換カラムに流速1mL/分でアプライした後、同条件で前記第2のランニングバッファー120mLを流して、前記カラムを洗浄し、非吸着画分を除去した。つぎに、前記カラムに塩化ナトリウム0~300mmol/Lの濃度勾配をかけた前記第2のランニングバッファー420mLを流して、吸着画分を溶出し、10mLずつ分画した。各画分をSDS-PAGEに供して目的の分子量のタンパク質バンドを確認した後、同バンドを有する画分を回収した。これらの回収画分をまとめ、Amicon(登録商標)Ultra-15(Millipore社製)を用いて、4℃、49,000m/s2で15分間遠心分離を行い、約20mLまで濃縮した。この濃縮液に、12mLの20mmol/Lトリス塩酸緩衝液(pH7.5)を添加し、Amicon(登録商標)Ultra-15を用いた同様の遠心分離を3回くり返し行った。得られた濃縮液に、20mmol/Lトリス塩酸緩衝液(pH7.5)を添加して全体を5mLとした。このようにして、精製Aac MutSが得られた。なお、得られたタンパク質が分子量約96,000Daの二量体Aac MutSであることは、確認済みである。
Aac MutSと各種二本鎖DNAとの相互作用の解析を行った。
ADPまたはATPの存在下、Aac MutSと各種二本鎖DNAとの相互作用の解析を行った。
電気泳動によるゲルシフトアッセイを行い、Aac MutSと各種二本鎖DNAとの相互作用を解析した。
Aac MutS存在下で、Smart Amplification Process法によるDNAの増幅反応を行い、増幅の有無により、UCP1遺伝子の一塩基変異(-3826位)を解析した。
UCP1 TP WT(配列番号7)
5'-CAAGTGCATTTATGTAACAAATTCTCCTTTCCTTT-3'
UCP1 TP MT(配列番号8)
5'-CGAGTGCATTTATGTAACAAATTCTCCTTTCCTTT-3'
UCP1 FP(配列番号9)
5'-TTTATATATATATAAAGCAGCGATTTCTGATTGACCA-3'
UCP1 BP(配列番号10)
5'-TAATGTGTTCTACATTTT-3'
UCP1 OPF(配列番号11)
5'-GATTTTTATTTAATAGGAAGACATT-3'
UCP1 OPR(配列番号12)
5'-GACGTAGCAAAGGAGTGGCAGCAAG-3'
Aac MutSとTaq MutSの共存下で、Smart Amplification Process法によるDNAの増幅反応を行い、増幅の有無により、UCP1遺伝子の一塩基変異(-3826位)を解析した。
Claims (24)
- 下記(A)または(B)のアミノ酸配列からなる新規MutSタンパク質。
(A)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列
(B)前記(A)のアミノ酸配列において、1または数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、挿入または付加されたアミノ酸配列であり、且つ、二本鎖核酸におけるミスマッチ塩基対への結合活性を有するタンパク質のアミノ酸配列 - 前記タンパク質が、Alicyclobacillus属由来である、請求の範囲1記載の新規MutSタンパク質。
- 前記タンパク質が、Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius由来である、請求の範囲2記載の新規MutSタンパク質。
- 下記(a)~(f)のいずれかの核酸からなる、新規MutSタンパク質をコードする核酸。
(a)配列番号1に示す塩基配列からなる核酸
(b)前記(a)の核酸とストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズし、且つ、二本鎖核酸におけるミスマッチ塩基対への結合活性を有するタンパク質をコードする核酸
(c)前記(a)の塩基配列との相同性が80%以上の塩基配列からなる核酸であり、且つ、二本鎖核酸におけるミスマッチ塩基対への結合活性を有するタンパク質をコードする核酸
(d)前記(a)の塩基配列において、1または数個の塩基が欠失、置換、挿入または付加された塩基配列からなり、且つ、二本鎖核酸におけるミスマッチ塩基対への結合活性を有するタンパク質をコードする核酸
(e)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードする核酸
(f)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列において、1または数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、挿入または付加されたアミノ酸配列からなり、且つ、二本鎖核酸におけるミスマッチ塩基対への結合活性を有するタンパク質をコードする核酸 - 請求の範囲4記載の核酸を含む組換えベクター。
- 請求の範囲5記載の組換えベクターを含む形質転換体。
- 請求の範囲1記載の新規MutSタンパク質の製造方法であって、
請求の範囲6記載の形質転換体を培養することを特徴とする製造方法。 - 被検核酸の標的部位における変異の有無を判定する方法であって、
下記(I)工程または(I’)工程と、下記(II)工程とを含むことを特徴とする判定方法。
(I)請求の範囲1記載の新規MutSタンパク質の存在下、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む領域にハイブリダイズ可能なプライマーを用いて、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む標的配列を増幅する工程
(I’)請求の範囲1記載の新規MutSタンパク質と、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む領域にハイブリダイズ可能なプローブとの存在下、前記被検核酸を増幅するためのプライマーを用いて、前記被検核酸における前記標的部位を含む標的配列を増幅する工程
(II)増幅の有無を確認する工程 - 前記(I)工程または(I’)工程において、
前記新規MutSタンパク質と、ADP、ATPおよびこれらの誘導体からなる群から選択された少なくとも一つの添加剤との共存下、前記標的配列の増幅を行う、請求の範囲8記載の判定方法。 - 前記増幅反応の反応液における前記添加剤の濃度が、0.01~100mmol/Lの範囲である、請求の範囲9記載の判定方法。
- 前記増幅反応の反応液25μLあたりの前記新規MutSタンパク質量が、0.01~1000μgの範囲である、請求の範囲8記載の判定方法。
- 前記新規MutSタンパク質とThermus属由来のMutSタンパク質との共存下、前記標的配列の増幅を行う、請求の範囲8記載の判定方法。
- 前記Thermus属由来のMutSタンパク質が、Thermus aquaticus由来のMutSタンパク質である、請求の範囲12記載の判定方法。
- 前記新規MutSタンパク質(A)に対する前記Thermus属由来のMutSタンパク質(T)の添加割合(重量比A:T)が、1:0.05~1:50の範囲である、請求の範囲12記載の判定方法。
- 前記増幅反応の反応液25μLあたりの前記新規MutSタンパク質量が、0.01~1000μgの範囲であり、前記Thermus属由来のMutSタンパク質量が、0.01~1000μgの範囲であり、前記新規MutSタンパク質と前記Thermus属由来のMutSタンパク質とをあわせた量が、0.02~2000μgの範囲である、請求の範囲12記載の判定方法。
- 前記(I)工程において、前記標的部位の塩基が変異型である前記領域にハイブリダイズ可能なプライマーを使用し、または、
前記(I’)工程において、前記標的部位の塩基が変異型である前記領域にハイブリダイズ可能なプローブを使用し、
前記(II)工程において、増幅が確認された場合は、前記標的部位の塩基が変異型であると判定し、増幅が確認されなかった場合は、前記標的部位の塩基が野生型であると判定する、請求の範囲8記載の判定方法。 - 前記(I)工程において、前記標的部位の塩基が野生型である前記領域にハイブリダイズ可能なプライマーを使用し、または、
前記(I’)工程において、前記標的部位の塩基が野生型である前記領域にハイブリダイズ可能なプローブを使用し、
前記(II)工程において、増幅が確認された場合は、前記標的部位の塩基が野生型であると判定し、増幅が確認されなかった場合は、前記標的部位の塩基が変異型であると判定する、請求の範囲8記載の判定方法。 - 前記標的配列の増幅にポリメラーゼを使用し、前記ポリメラーゼが、Alicyclobacillus属由来のポリメラーゼである、請求の範囲8記載の判定方法。
- 前記ポリメラーゼが、Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius由来のポリメラーゼである、請求の範囲18記載の判定方法。
- 前記ポリメラーゼが、鎖置換能を有するポリメラーゼである、請求の範囲18記載の判定方法。
- 前記増幅反応を、温度を変動させて行う、請求の範囲8記載の判定方法。
- 前記増幅反応が、ポリメラーゼチェーンリアクションである、請求の範囲21記載の判定方法。
- 前記増幅反応を、一定温度で行う、請求の範囲8記載の判定方法。
- 前記増幅反応が、SDA法、改良SDA法、NASBA法、LAMP法、ICAN法、自立複製法、TMA法、Qベータレプリカーゼ法、Smart Amplification Process法、Invader法およびRCA法からなる群から選択された少なくとも一つである、請求の範囲23記載の判定方法。
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- 2009-11-27 JP JP2010540527A patent/JPWO2010061922A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-11-27 US US13/130,993 patent/US20110236900A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-11-27 EP EP09829167A patent/EP2371951A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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EP2371951A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
US20110236900A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
EP2371951A4 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
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