WO2006051991A1 - 核酸の増幅および検出方法 - Google Patents
核酸の増幅および検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006051991A1 WO2006051991A1 PCT/JP2005/020964 JP2005020964W WO2006051991A1 WO 2006051991 A1 WO2006051991 A1 WO 2006051991A1 JP 2005020964 W JP2005020964 W JP 2005020964W WO 2006051991 A1 WO2006051991 A1 WO 2006051991A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/6848—Nucleic acid amplification reactions characterised by the means for preventing contamination or increasing the specificity or sensitivity of an amplification reaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/6858—Allele-specific amplification
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for specifically amplifying a minute amount of a nucleic acid molecule contained in a sample and detecting it.
- cells having properties specific to the disease are known.
- cancer cells having various properties are known even in cancer of the same tissue.
- the effects of therapeutic drugs, cancer progression, prognosis, etc. differ depending on the nature of such cancer cells. Therefore, by specifically detecting each of these disease-related cells having various properties, the disease can be diagnosed, and further, selection of therapeutic drugs, selection of treatment methods, surgery, It provides important information related to the selection of the surgical procedure.
- a mutant gene having such a mutation can be used as a marker indicating the presence of disease-related cells in the diagnosis of each disease.
- the base sequence of the gene may be determined and examined for the presence or absence of the mutation.
- the determination of the base sequence requires a nucleic acid sample containing almost no other type of gene such as the wild type whose purity of the mutant gene is high, so that it takes a lot of time and cost.
- a method for amplifying only a mutated gene specific to a disease by using a nucleic acid amplification method and detecting the disease by the presence or absence of the amplified product has been developed.
- PCR method (US Pat. No. 4,683,195; US Pat. No. 4,683,202; and US Pat. No. 4,800,159) is most often used as a nucleic acid amplification method.
- primers may be used for sequences that are not perfectly complementary, resulting in false amplification reactions, so PCR methods are specific for detecting mutations, especially single nucleotide mutations.
- the method that has sex is ena.
- the sample specimen often contains both a wild type gene and a mutant gene, and in addition, a mutant type having other mutations. May contain genes.
- the amount of mutant genes contained in the sample may be extremely low compared to wild-type genes or other mutant genes!
- cancer diagnosis it is necessary to detect a very small amount of cancer cells contained in normal tissues, so it is necessary to detect a very small amount of mutant genes from a specimen containing a large amount of wild-type genes. is there.
- the specificity of the nucleic acid amplification method to be used is particularly important when detecting mutant genes by the nucleic acid amplification method for the purpose of disease diagnosis.
- a strand displacement amplification method SDA method; Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-114718
- self-sustained sequence amplification Method 3SR method
- Q ⁇ replicase method Japanese Patent No. 2710159
- NASBA method Japanese Patent No. 2650159
- LAMP method International Publication No. 00 ⁇ 28082 pamphlet
- I CAN method International Publication No. 02Z16639 pamphlet
- the rolling circle method and the method described in the pamphlet of International Publication No. 2004Z040019 are known.
- the present inventors include a primer containing a sequence specific to two or more regions in the target nucleic acid sequence and a sequence specific to one or more regions in the target nucleic acid sequence. By designing these primers so that one or more of the above regions contain nucleotide residues that can be mutated, one of the wild type gene and the mutant gene can be identified. Have been found to be amplified. In addition, the inventors have
- the amplification product obtained by the nucleic acid amplification reaction is contained in a bowl shape and the nucleic acid amplification reaction is repeated with a reaction solution to which a reagent such as the primer is newly added. It was found that a small amount of mutant gene can be specifically amplified.
- the present invention is based on these findings.
- an object of the present invention is to specifically amplify a trace amount of a mutant gene in a sample containing a large amount of wild-type gene or a trace amount of a wild-type gene in a sample containing a large amount of mutant gene. It is to provide a nucleic acid amplification method.
- the nucleic acid amplification method according to the present invention is a method for specifically amplifying either one of the genes including both the wild-type gene and the mutant gene! / (A) At least one primer containing a sequence homologous or complementary to two or more regions on the gene to be tested and at least one primer containing a sequence homologous or complementary to one or more regions on the same gene A step of preparing a primer set, wherein a nucleotide residue to be mutated is contained in one or more of the regions, and (b) a nucleic acid molecule contained in the sample is caged A step of performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction with the primer set, and (c) a nucleic acid amplification reaction with the primer set using the amplification product obtained by the nucleic acid amplification reaction as a saddle shape. This includes a step of performing a breadth reaction.
- either one of the wild-type gene and the mutant gene can be specifically amplified, and in particular, the gene to be amplified is extreme in the sample. Even if it exists only in a trace amount, it can be specifically amplified. This makes it possible to detect a very small amount of disease-related cells having a mutant gene from a specimen containing a large amount of normal cells having a wild type gene.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the action mechanism of a nucleic acid amplification reaction using a first primer.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a second primer.
- FIG. 3a is a diagram schematically showing the action mechanism of a nucleic acid amplification reaction using a first primer and a second primer.
- FIG. 3b is a diagram schematically showing the action mechanism of a nucleic acid amplification reaction using the first primer and the second primer.
- FIG. 4 shows the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) contained in the human / 3 globin gene, the mutation site used in Example 1, and the region used for primer design.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the time course of the third nucleic acid amplification reaction in Example 1.
- the nucleic acid amplification method according to the present invention is a method of specifically amplifying one or both genes from a sample containing both a wild type gene and a mutant gene.
- the specificity is extremely high, and even if the sequence difference between the wild type gene and the mutant gene is a single base substitution, only one of them can be amplified. Furthermore, even if any type of gene is present in the sample in a very small amount, the gene can be specifically amplified.
- a primer containing a sequence homologous or complementary to two or more regions on a gene to be amplified wild type gene or mutant gene
- a primer set comprising at least one primer containing a homologous or complementary sequence in one or more of the regions above. This primer set is designed so that nucleotide residues that can be mutated are included in one or more of the regions.
- the two kinds of primers included in the primer set can typically be a forward primer and a reverse primer designed for a target nucleic acid sequence to be amplified. Therefore, one primer is in the 5 'end region of the target nucleic acid sequence.
- the other primer may contain a sequence complementary to the 3 ′ end region of the target nucleic acid sequence.
- at least one of these primers includes a sequence homologous or complementary to a region different from the 5 ′ end region and the 3 ′ end region of the target nucleic acid sequence.
- one of the primers hybridizes to the target nucleic acid sequence or its complementary sequence, and after the extension reaction of the primer has occurred, the primer is hybridized to the region on the extended strand to form a loop structure.
- the at least one primer is designed based on the sequence of two or more regions on the target nucleic acid sequence (the gene to be amplified), and the upper limit of the number of the regions is not particularly limited, but preferably It is designed based on a sequence of 2 to 5 regions, more preferably 2 to 3 regions, and more preferably 2 regions.
- the other primer is designed based on the sequence of one or more regions on the target nucleic acid sequence (gene to be amplified), and the upper limit of the number of the regions is not particularly limited, but preferably 1 It is designed based on a sequence of ⁇ 5 regions, more preferably 1-3 regions, and even more preferably 1-2 regions.
- the primer set may further include other primers involved in the nucleic acid amplification reaction in addition to the two kinds of primers.
- the region on the target nucleic acid sequence (the gene to be amplified) used for the design of the two types of primers included in the primer set includes at least one nucleotide residue capable of mutation. Selected as Multiple regions containing nucleotide residues that are resistant to such mutations can also be used for primer design, especially when there are nucleotide residues that are resistant to multiple mutations in the mutant gene. .
- the primer set enables amplification of a target nucleic acid by a reaction under isothermal conditions.
- the nucleic acid amplification reaction can be performed under isothermal conditions. it can. Examples of such isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods include the LAMP method (International Publication No. 00Z28082 pamphlet), the method described in International Publication No.
- the first primer included in the primer set has a 3 'sequence (Ac) that hybridizes to the sequence (A) at the 3' end portion of the target nucleic acid sequence.
- the nucleic acid amplification method developed by the present inventors is used as the isothermal nucleic acid amplification method.
- the primer set is a primer set comprising at least two kinds of primers capable of amplifying the target nucleic acid sequence, and the first primer contained in the primer set is 3 of the target nucleic acid sequence. It contains a sequence (Ac ') complementary to the sequence (A) of the terminal portion at the 3' end portion, and is present 5 'to the target nucleic acid sequence from the sequence (A).
- a sequence ( ⁇ ′) homologous to the sequence (B) is included on the 5 ′ side of the sequence (Ac), and the second primer included in the primer set is complementary to the target nucleic acid sequence.
- a folded sequence (D-) comprising a sequence (Cc ') complementary to the sequence (C) at the 3' end portion of the sequence at the 3 'end portion and two nucleic acid sequences that hybridize to each other on the same strand Dc) on the 5 'side of the sequence (Cc').
- “noblybize” means that a region in a primer hybridizes to a target region under stringent conditions and does not hybridize to a region other than the target region.
- Stringent conditions can be determined depending on the melting temperature Tm (° C) of the duplex between the region in the primer and its complementary strand, the salt concentration of the hybridization solution, etc. Reference can be made to J. Sambrook, EF Frisch, T. Maniatis; Molecular Cloning 2nd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989). For example, when hybridization is performed at a temperature slightly lower than the melting temperature of the primer region to be used, the region in the primer can be specifically hybridized to the target region.
- the region in the primer that hybridizes to a target region comprises a sequence complementary to that target region.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the mechanism of nucleic acid synthesis by the first primer. First, determine the target nucleic acid sequence in the trapezoidal nucleic acid, and determine the sequence (A) at the 3 'end of the target nucleic acid sequence and the sequence (B) that is 5' to the sequence (A). decide.
- the first primer comprises the sequence (Ac ′) and further comprises the sequence ( ⁇ ′) on the 5 ′ side.
- the sequence (Ac ′) is a sequence complementary to the sequence (A), and the sequence ( ⁇ ′) is a sequence homologous to the sequence ( ⁇ ).
- the first primer may include V or an intervening sequence that does not affect the reaction between the sequence (Ac ′) and the sequence ( ⁇ ′).
- the sequence (Ac) in the primer is hybridized to the sequence (A) of the target nucleic acid sequence (FIG. 1 (a)).
- a primer extension reaction occurs in this state, a nucleic acid containing a complementary sequence of the target nucleic acid sequence is synthesized.
- the sequence ( ⁇ ′) present on the 5 ′ end side of the synthesized nucleic acid hybridizes to the sequence (Be) present in the nucleic acid, and thereby the stem in the 5 ′ end portion of the synthesized nucleic acid— A loop structure is formed.
- the sequence (A) on the cocoon-type nucleic acid becomes a single strand, and another primer having the same sequence as the first primer hybridizes to this part (FIG. 1 (b)).
- an extension reaction from the newly hybridized first primer occurs by the strand displacement reaction, and at the same time, the previously synthesized nucleic acid is separated from the vertical nucleic acid (FIG. 1 (c)).
- the phenomenon that the sequence ( ⁇ ') hybridizes to the sequence (Be) is caused by the presence of a complementary region on the same strand.
- a double-stranded nucleic acid is released into a single strand, partial dissociation at its end or other relatively unstable partial force begins.
- the base pair of the terminal portion is in an equilibrium state of dissociation and binding at a relatively high temperature, and the double-stranded nucleic acid is maintained as a whole.
- a stem-loop structure can be formed as a metastable state.
- the same other primer binds to the complementary strand part (sequence (A) on the vertical nucleic acid) that is exposed due to the formation of the structure, and the polymerase is immediately activated.
- sequence (A) on the vertical nucleic acid
- the design criteria for the first primer in a preferred embodiment of the present invention are as follows. is there. First, in order for a new primer to efficiently anneal to the homologous nucleic acid after the complementary strand of the truncated nucleic acid is synthesized by extension of the primer, a stem loop structure is formed at the 5 'end of the synthesized complementary strand. Therefore, it is necessary to make the part of the sequence (A) on the cage nucleic acid a single strand.
- Ratio to X (X—Y) ZX is important.
- the efficiency V the formation of the stem loop structure, that is, the efficiency!
- the distance between (X + Y) is important.
- the optimum temperature for the primer extension reaction is at most around 72 ° C, and at such a low temperature, it is difficult for the extended strand to dissociate over a long region. Therefore, in order for the sequence ( ⁇ ′) to hybridize efficiently to the sequence (Be), it is considered preferable that the number of bases between both sequences is small.
- sequence ( ⁇ ′) in order for the sequence ( ⁇ ′) to hybridize to the sequence (Be) and the portion of the sequence (A) on the cage nucleic acid to be a single strand, the sequence ( ⁇ ′) and the sequence (Be) It is considered preferable that the number of bases between and is larger.
- the first primer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is the case where there is no intervening sequence between the sequence (Ac) and the sequence ( ⁇ ⁇ ') constituting the primer.
- (X— ⁇ ) ⁇ is 1.00 or more, preferably 0.00 or more, more preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.10 or more, and 1.00 or less, preferably 0.75. In the following, it is designed to be more preferably 0.50 or less, and still more preferably 0.25 or less.
- ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) is preferably 15 or more, more preferably 20 or more, more preferably 30 or more, and is preferably 50 or less, more preferably 48 or less, and even more preferably 42 or less.
- ⁇ X— ( ⁇ — ⁇ ' ⁇ is 1.00 or more, preferably 0.00 or more, more preferably 0.05 or more. Furthermore, it is designed to be more preferably 0.10 or more, and 1.00 or less, preferably 0.75 or less, more preferably 0.50 or less, and further preferably 0.25 or less. Further, ( ⁇ + ⁇ + ⁇ ′) is preferably 15 or more, more preferably 20 or more, more preferably 30 or more, and preferably 100 or less, more preferably 75 or less, more preferably 50 or less. Is done.
- the first primer has a chain length that allows base pairing with the target nucleic acid while maintaining the required specificity under given conditions.
- the chain length of this primer is preferably 15 to 100 nucleotides, more preferably 20 to 60 nucleotides.
- the lengths of the sequence (Ac ′) and the sequence ( ⁇ ′) constituting the first primer are each preferably 5 to 50 nucleotides, more preferably 7 to 30 nucleotides. If necessary, insert an intervening sequence that does not affect the reaction between sequence (Ac ') and sequence ( ⁇ ').
- the second primer is added to the sequence (C) of the 3 'end portion of the complementary sequence of the target nucleic acid sequence (the strand opposite to the strand to which the first primer hybridizes).
- a folded sequence (D-Dc) comprising a complementary sequence (Cc) at the 3 ′ end portion and containing two nucleic acid sequences that hybridize to each other on the same strand is represented by 5 ′ of the sequence (Cc ′). It is included on the side.
- the structure of such a second primer is, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, but is not limited to the sequence or the number of nucleotides shown in FIG.
- the length of the sequence (Cc ′) constituting the second primer is preferably 5 to 50 nucleotides, more preferably 10 to 30 nucleotides.
- the length of the folded sequence (D-Dc ′) is preferably 2 to: L000 nucleotides, more preferably 2 to 100 nucleotides, still more preferably 4 to 60 nucleotides, and further preferably 6 to 40 nucleotides.
- the number of nucleotides of base pairs formed by hybridization within the folded sequence is preferably 2 to 500 bp, more preferably 2 to 50 bp, more preferably 2 to 30 bp. This is preferably 3 to 20 bp.
- the nucleotide sequence of the folded sequence (D-Dc ′) is not particularly limited as long as it is any sequence, but is preferably a sequence that does not hybridize to the target nucleic acid sequence. If necessary, an intervening sequence that does not affect the reaction may be inserted between the sequence (Cc ′) and the folded sequence (D-Dc ′).
- the possible mechanism of action for the nucleic acid amplification reaction using these first and second primers will be described with reference to FIG. 3 (FIGS. 3a and 3b).
- the first primer hybridizes to the sense strand of the target nucleic acid, and the primer extension reaction takes place (Fig. 3 (a)) G.
- a stem-loop structure is formed on the extension strand (one).
- a new first primer hybridizes to the sequence (A) on the target nucleic acid sense strand that has become a single strand (Fig. 3 (b)).
- the extended chain (-) is released.
- the second primer hybridizes to the sequence (C) on the released extended strand (-) (Fig. 3 (c)), the extension reaction of the primer occurs, and the extended strand (+) is synthesized. (Fig. 3 (d)).
- a stem-loop structure is formed at the 3 'end of the generated extended strand (+) and the 5' end of the extended strand (one) (Fig. 3 (e)), and the free 3 'end extended strand (+)
- the extended chain (1) is detached (Fig.
- the extension reaction from the end of the loop produces a hairpin-type double-stranded nucleic acid in which the extended strand (one) is bound to the 3 'side of the extended strand (+) via the sequence (A) and sequence (Be).
- the first primer hybridizes to the sequence (A) and sequence (Be) (Fig. 3 (g)), and the extended strand (one) is generated by the extension reaction (Figs. 3 (h) and (0)).
- the folded sequence present at the 3 ′ end of the hairpin type double-stranded nucleic acid provides a free 3 ′ end (FIG. 3 (h)), and an extension reaction therefrom (FIG.
- a single-stranded nucleic acid having a folded sequence at both ends and alternately containing extended strands (+) and extended strands (-) is generated via the sequences derived from the first and second primers (Fig. 3 (j
- the folded sequence present at its 3 'end provides a free 3' end (the complementary strand synthesis origin) (Fig. 3 (k)), so The reaction is repeated to double the chain length per extension reaction (Fig. 3 (1) and (m)).
- the folded sequence present at the 3 'end provides a free 3' end (the complementary strand synthesis origin) (Fig. 3 (n)).
- a loop structure is formed, and a single-stranded nucleic acid containing an extended strand (+) and an extended strand (one) alternately through a sequence derived from the primer is generated (Fig. 3 (o)). Even in acid, the formation of a complementary strand is sequentially provided by loop formation at the 3 ′ end, and thus elongation reactions occur one after another.
- Sequence derived from one primer and second primer is extended strand Because it is contained between (+) and the extended strand (one), each primer can hybridize to cause an extension reaction, which significantly increases the sense strand and antisense strand of the target nucleic acid. Amplified.
- the primer set may further include a third primer that hybridizes to the target nucleic acid sequence or a complementary sequence thereof in addition to the first primer and the second primer.
- a third primer is intended not to compete with other primers due to hybridization to the target nucleic acid sequence or its complementary sequence.
- “do not compete!” Means that the primer does not interfere with the provision of the complementary strand synthesis starting point by hybridizing to the target nucleic acid.
- the amplification product has the target nucleic acid sequence and its complementary sequence alternately. There is a folded sequence or loop structure at the 3 'end of the amplified product, and extension reactions occur one after another from the complementary strand synthesis starting point provided.
- the third primer can anneal to the target sequence present in the single-stranded part when such an amplification product is partially in a single-stranded state. As a result, a new complementary strand synthesis origin is provided in the target nucleic acid sequence in the amplification product, and an extension reaction takes place therefrom, so that the nucleic acid amplification reaction is performed more rapidly.
- the third primer is not necessarily limited to one type, but two or more types of the third primer may be used simultaneously in order to improve the speed and specificity of the nucleic acid amplification reaction. These third primers typically have different sequence powers than the first primer and the second primer, and may hybridize to a partially overlapping region as long as they do not compete with these primers.
- the chain length of the third primer is preferably 2 to: LOO nucleotides, more preferably 5 to 50 nucleotides, and even more preferably 7 to 30 nucleotides.
- the third primer mainly has an auxiliary function for proceeding more rapidly with the nucleic acid amplification reaction by the first primer and the second primer. Therefore,
- the third primer preferably has a Tm that is lower than the Tm of the third and third ends of the first primer and the second primer, respectively.
- the amount of the third primer added to the amplification reaction solution is preferably smaller than the amount of each of the first primer and the second primer.
- nucleotide residues that can be mutated are included in the sequence (A), the sequence (B), or the sequence (C).
- the primer set can be designed as follows.
- the third primer hybridizes to the nucleic acid sequence in the nucleic acid sample or a complementary sequence thereof, one or more mismatches are formed between the nucleic acid sequence or the complementary sequence due to the presence or absence of the mutation.
- a third primer can also be designed to occur. This makes it possible to determine the presence or absence of the mutation by confirming the presence or absence of the amplification product, and to determine the amount of the gene having the mutation by quantifying the amplification product. .
- the primer set is designed such that a nucleotide residue capable of mutation is included in the sequence (A).
- the first primer anneals to the sequence (A) in the nucleic acid amplification reaction, and thus an amplification product is obtained.
- the nucleic acid sample if the nucleic acid sequence that is different from the target nucleic acid sequence at the mutation site is in a cage shape, it becomes difficult for the first primer to anneal to the sequence (A) in the nucleic acid amplification reaction. No amplification product is obtained or the amount of amplification product obtained is significantly reduced.
- Nucleotide residues that can be mutated are preferably included in the 5 ′ end of the sequence (A) (corresponding to 3, the end of the first primer).
- the primer set is designed such that a nucleotide residue to be mutated is included in the sequence (C).
- the second primer is annealed to the sequence (C) in the nucleic acid amplification reaction, so that an amplification product is obtained.
- a nucleic acid sequence that is different from the target nucleic acid sequence at the mutation site in the nucleic acid sample has a saddle shape, it is difficult to anneal the second primer to the sequence (C) in the nucleic acid amplification reaction. Because No amplification product is obtained or the amount of amplification product obtained is significantly reduced.
- Nucleotide residues that can be mutated are preferably included in the 5 'end of the sequence (C) (corresponding to 3, the end of the second primer).
- the primer set is designed so that nucleotide residues capable of mutation are included in the sequence (B).
- the primer is annealed to the sequence (A) and the extension reaction is performed. Since the sequence ( ⁇ ') contained in is hybridized to the sequence (Be) on the extended strand, a stem loop structure is efficiently formed. The formation of this efficient stem loop structure allows the other first primer to anneal in a saddle shape, and the mechanism of action shown in FIG. 1 proceeds efficiently, resulting in an amplification product.
- a stem-and-loop structure can be formed as a metastable state.
- this stem loop structure does not exist stably, especially when there are non-complementary nucleotides between the sequence ( ⁇ ') and the sequence (Be) part that form the stem. Or the stem is not formed at all.
- the hybridization between the vertical sequence (A) and the sequence (Ac ') in the primer is more dominant, and the sequence (A) is not a single strand.
- the next first primer cannot be annealed. That Therefore, it is extremely difficult to cause the continuous reaction shown in Fig. 1.
- the nucleic acid amplification reaction using the primer set described above is carried out using the nucleic acid molecules contained in the sample as saddles.
- the reaction conditions can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art according to the nucleic acid amplification reaction used.
- the nucleic acid amplification reaction is preferably performed under isothermal conditions.
- isothermal refers to maintaining an approximately constant temperature condition such that the enzyme and the primer can substantially function.
- substantially constant temperature conditions are not only to maintain the set temperature accurately, but also to the extent that the temperature does not deteriorate the substantial function of the enzyme and primer. Means that.
- the nucleic acid amplification reaction under a certain temperature condition can be carried out by keeping the temperature at which the activity of the enzyme used can be maintained.
- reaction temperature in order for the primer to anneal to the target nucleic acid, for example, it is preferable to set the reaction temperature to a temperature near the melting temperature (Tm) of the primer or lower. It is preferable to set the stringency level in consideration of the melting temperature (Tm) of the primer. Therefore, this temperature is preferably about 20 ° C to about 75 ° C, more preferably about 35 ° C to about 65 ° C.
- the polymerase used in the nucleic acid amplification reaction is preferably one having normal temperature, intermediate temperature, or heat resistance, which preferably has strand displacement activity (strand displacement ability). It can be used suitably.
- this polymerase may be either a natural body or a mutant with artificial mutations. Examples of such a polymerase include DNA polymerase. Further, it is preferred that the DNA polymerase is substantially free of 5 ′ ⁇ 3 ′ exonuclease activity.
- Such DNA polymerases are thermophilic, such as Bacillus stearothermophilus (hereinafter referred to as “: B. st”) and Bacillus caldotenax (hereinafter referred to as “B. ca”).
- the DNA polymerase used in the nucleic acid amplification reaction is further divided into Vent DNA polymerase, Vent (Exo-) DNA polymerase, DeepVent DNA polymerase, DeepVent (Exo-) DNA polymerase, ⁇ 29 phage DNA polymerase, MS-2 phage DNA polymerase, Z-Taq DNA polymerase, Pfo DNA polymerase, Pfo turbo DNA polymerase, KOD DNA polymerase, 9 ° Nm DNA polymerase, Therminater DNA polymerase Etc.
- reagents used in the nucleic acid amplification reaction include, for example, catalysts such as magnesium chloride, magnesium acetate, and magnesium sulfate, substrates such as dNTP mix, tris hydrochloride buffer, tricine buffer, sodium phosphate buffer, A buffer such as potassium phosphate buffer can be used.
- catalysts such as magnesium chloride, magnesium acetate, and magnesium sulfate
- substrates such as dNTP mix
- tris hydrochloride buffer such as dNTP mix
- tris hydrochloride buffer such as dNTP mix
- tricine buffer Tris hydrochloride buffer
- tricine buffer such as sodium phosphate buffer
- a buffer such as potassium phosphate buffer
- additives such as dimethyl sulfoxide and betaine ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -trimethylglycine), acidic substances and cation complexes described in WO 99/54455 pamphlets may be used. .
- a melting temperature adjusting agent can be added to the reaction solution in order to increase the amplification efficiency of the nucleic acid.
- the melting temperature (Tm) of a nucleic acid is generally determined by the specific nucleotide sequence of the double stranded portion in the nucleic acid. By adding a melting temperature adjusting agent to the reaction solution, this melting temperature can be changed. Therefore, under a certain temperature, it is possible to adjust the intensity of double strand formation in the nucleic acid.
- a general melting temperature adjusting agent has an effect of lowering the melting temperature.
- a melting temperature adjusting agent By adding such a melting temperature adjusting agent, it is possible to lower the melting temperature of the duplex forming part between two nucleic acids, in other words, to reduce the strength of the duplex formation. Is possible. Therefore, when such a melting temperature adjusting agent is added to the reaction solution in the nucleic acid amplification reaction, it is efficiently used in a GC-rich nucleic acid region that forms a strong double strand or a region that forms a complex secondary structure. The double-stranded portion can be made into a single strand, whereby the next primer becomes hybridized to the target region after the extension reaction by the primer is completed, so that the nucleic acid amplification efficiency can be increased.
- the concentration of the melting temperature adjusting agent used in the present invention and the concentration thereof in the reaction solution is determined based on other reaction conditions that affect the hybridization conditions such as salt concentration, reaction temperature, and the like. Is selected appropriately. Therefore, the melting temperature adjusting agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), betaine, formamide or glycerol, or any combination thereof, more preferably dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). ).
- an enzyme stabilizer can be added to the reaction solution.
- the enzyme in the reaction solution is stabilized, so that the nucleic acid amplification efficiency can be increased.
- the enzyme stabilizer used in the present invention is not particularly limited and may be any one known in the art such as glycerol, urine serum albumin, saccharides and the like.
- a reagent for enhancing the heat resistance of an enzyme such as DNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase can be added to the reaction solution as an enzyme stabilizer.
- an enzyme stabilizer As a result, the enzyme in the reaction solution is stabilized, so that the nucleic acid synthesis efficiency and amplification efficiency can be increased.
- Such reagents are well known in the art and may be rugged, but are not particularly limited, but are preferably saccharides, more preferably monosaccharides or oligosaccharides, more preferably It can be trehalose, sorbitol or mannitol, or a mixture of two or more of these.
- the nucleic acid amplification reaction is performed in the presence of a mismatch recognition protein, which enables more specific amplification of a mutant gene or a wild type gene. .
- Misuma Tutsi gene diagnostic method to detect mismatches utilizes a binding protein
- a binding protein have been developed (M. Gotoh et al., Genet . Anal, 14, 47-50, 1997) specific in 0 in a nucleic acid
- a mismatched control nucleic acid is hybridized with a test nucleic acid suspected of having a mutation, and a mismatch recognition protein is introduced into the mismatched nucleic acid.
- a mismatch recognition protein is introduced into the mismatched nucleic acid.
- Mismatch means a set of base pairs selected from adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) (uracil (U) in the case of RNA). Is not a normal base pair (A and T combination or G and C combination). Mismatches include not only one mismatch but also multiple consecutive mismatches, mismatches caused by insertion and Z or deletion of one or more bases, and combinations thereof.
- heteroduplex structure is a substantially complementary duplex structure, but includes a noncomplementary region by having one or more mismatches. This means a chain structure. This heteroduplex structure results in a false amplification product that should not be produced.
- mismatch binding protein binds to the heteroduplex structure as described above, and the subsequent amplification reaction is hindered. Therefore, by using a mismatch binding protein, it is possible to prevent the generation of an erroneous amplification product.
- the mismatch binding protein used in the present invention may be any protein known to those skilled in the art as long as it is a protein that recognizes a mismatch in a double-stranded nucleic acid and can bind to the mismatch site. It may be a thing.
- the mismatch-binding protein used in the present invention has one or more amino acid substitutions, deletions, additions, and / or insertions in the amino acid sequence of the wild-type protein as long as the mismatch in the double-stranded nucleic acid can be recognized. It may be a protein (mutant) that also has an amino acid sequence ability! /. Such mutants can also be created artificially by forces that may occur in nature. Many methods are known for introducing amino acid mutations into proteins.
- site-directed mutagenesis methods include WP Deng and JA Nickoloff (Anal. Biochem., 200, 81, 1992), KL Makamaye and F. Eckstein (Nucleic Acids Res., 14, 9679 -9698). , 1986), etc., and as a random mutation introduction method, a basic repair system is used.
- a method using a deficient E. coli strain XLl-Red (Stratagene), a method of chemically modifying bases using sodium nitrite, etc. (J.-J. Diaz et al., BioTechnique, 11, 204-211, 1 991) is known.
- mismatch binding proteins are known, such as MutM, Mut S and their analogs (Radman, M. et al. Annu. Rev. Genet. 20: 523-538 (1986)). Radaman, M. etal., Sci. Amer., August 1988, pp40-46; Modric h, P., J. Biol. Chem. 264: 6597-6600 (1989); Lahue.RS et al, Science 245: 160-164 (198 8); Jiricny, J. et al '. Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 7843-7853 (1988); Su, SSet al., J. Biol. Chem.
- the mismatch binding protein used in the present invention is preferably derived from MutS, MutH, MutL, or yeast, and more preferably MutS, MutH, or MutL.
- Mismatch binding proteins may also bind to single-stranded nucleic acids, and binding of such mismatch-binding proteins to single-stranded nucleic acids is known to be inhibited by single-stranded binding proteins. ing. Therefore, when a mismatch binding protein is used in the nucleic acid amplification reaction, it is preferable to use a single-stranded binding protein in combination. Mismatch-binding proteins can also bind to double-stranded nucleic acids that do not contain mismatches. Such misbinding of mismatch-binding proteins can be activated by using a activating agent to activate the mismatch-binding proteins. It is known that it is inhibited by keeping it. Therefore, when using a mismatch binding protein in a nucleic acid amplification reaction, it is preferable to use a protein that has been activated in advance by an activator.
- the single-stranded binding protein (SSB) used to inhibit the binding of the mismatch binding protein to the single-stranded nucleic acid can be any SSB known in the art.
- Preferred SSBs include single-stranded binding proteins from Escherichia coli, Drosophila, and Xenopus, and gene 32 protein from T4 butteriophage, and their equivalents from other species. Can be mentioned.
- mismatch-binding proteins used in combination include MutS, MutH, MutL, HexA, MSH1-6, Rep3, RNaseA, uracil-DNA glycosidase, T4 endonuclease VII, and resolvase, preferably MutS, MSH2 or MSH6 Or a mixture of two or more of these, more preferably MutS.
- the activator for activating the mismatch binding protein is not particularly limited since it can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art, but preferably ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) , ADP (adenosine 5'-diphosphate), ATP- ⁇ 3 (adenosine 5 '0 (3-thio triphosphate)), AMP-PNP (adenosine 5' [ J 8, ⁇ imido] triphosphate), etc. Or one of the nucleotides that can bind to the mismatch binding protein.
- the activity of the mismatch binding protein can be performed by incubating the mismatch binding protein and the active agent at room temperature for several seconds to several minutes.
- the nucleic acid amplification reaction using the primer set is performed using the amplification product obtained by the nucleic acid amplification reaction as a template.
- This nucleic acid amplification reaction can be carried out under the same conditions as described above, using all or part of the reaction solution obtained by the nucleic acid amplification reaction as a sample. More specifically, a reagent such as primer, polymerase, dNTP mix, and buffer solution is added to the reaction solution obtained by the nucleic acid amplification reaction as necessary to prepare a new reaction solution, which is used for nucleic acid amplification. You can react.
- the nucleic acid amplification reaction using such an amplification product as a cage is repeated two or more times.
- the presence of the amplification product obtained by the nucleic acid amplification method can be detected by many various methods.
- One method is the detection of amplification products of a specific size by general gel electrophoresis. In this method, for example, it can be detected by a fluorescent substance such as ethidium bromide or cyber green.
- detection can be performed by using a labeled probe having a label such as piotin and hybridizing it to the amplification product.
- Piotin can be detected by binding to fluorescently labeled avidin, avidin bound to an enzyme such as peroxidase, and the like.
- Yet another method is to use immunochromatography.
- a chromatographic medium using a label detectable with the naked eye (Immunochromatography method).
- Amplification disconnection If a fragment and a labeled probe are hybridized, and a further different sequence of the amplified fragment and a hybridization-capable capture probe are immobilized on a chromatographic medium, they can be trapped at the immobilized portion, and detection on the chromatographic medium is possible. Is possible. As a result, simple detection with the naked eye is possible.
- the amplification efficiency in the nucleic acid amplification reaction is very high, so that the amplification product can also be detected indirectly by using the fact that pyrophosphate is generated as an amplification byproduct.
- a method for example, there is a method of visually observing the white turbidity of the reaction solution by utilizing the fact that pyrophosphoric acid binds to magnesium in the reaction solution to cause white precipitation of magnesium pyrophosphate.
- the as another method there is a method utilizing the fact that the concentration of magnesium ion in the reaction solution is remarkably reduced by forming an insoluble salt by strongly binding pyrophosphate with metal ions such as magnesium.
- a metal indicator whose color tone changes according to the magnesium ion concentration for example, Eriochrome Black T, Hydroxy Naphthol Blue, etc.
- the color change of the reaction solution is visually observed.
- the increase in fluorescence accompanying the amplification reaction can be observed visually, so that amplification products can be detected in real time.
- the presence of the amplification product obtained by the nucleic acid amplification method according to the present invention can also be detected by observing the aggregation of the solid phase carrier resulting from the generation of the amplification product.
- at least one primer contained in the primer set used for the nucleic acid amplification reaction must not contain a solid phase carrier or a site (group) that can bind to the solid phase carrier. It is supposed to be.
- the solid phase carrier or the site capable of binding to the solid phase carrier may be introduced at any part of the primer, such as the 3 ′ end, 5 ′ end, or central region, but preferably 5 ′. It is assumed that it was introduced at the end.
- the substrate used in the nucleic acid amplification reaction may comprise a solid phase carrier or a site capable of binding to the solid phase carrier.
- the solid phase carrier used in the present invention is a carrier insoluble in the reaction solution used for nucleic acid amplification reaction, or from the liquid phase to the solid phase (gel phase) or from the solid phase (gel phase) before and after amplification.
- Any phase transition carrier whose properties change to the liquid phase can be used.
- Preferred solid phase carriers include water-insoluble organic polymer carriers, water-insoluble inorganic polymer carriers, synthetic polymer carriers, phase transition carriers, metal colloids, magnetic particles, and the like.
- solvent-insoluble organic polymer carriers and solvent-insoluble inorganic polymer carriers, solvent-soluble polymer carriers, gel polymer carriers and the like.
- water-insoluble organic polymers include silicon-containing materials such as porous silica, porous glass, diatomaceous earth, and celite, and polysaccharides such as nitrocellulose, hydroxyapatite, agarose, dextran, cellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose.
- examples of the water-insoluble inorganic polymer include aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, ceramic particles, and the like.
- Synthetic polymers include, for example, polystyrene, poly (meth) atrelate, polybutyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile or copolymers thereof, styrene-styrene sulfonic acid copolymer, vinyl acetate-acrylic acid ester copolymer, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the metal colloid include gold colloid.
- Magnetic particles include magnetic iron oxide beads, monodispersed, superparamagnetic particles with finely pulverized magnetic iron oxide particles on the surface (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-501959), superparamagnetic acid covered with a polymerizable silane coating. Examples include magnetically responsive particles containing pig iron (Japanese Patent Publication No.
- a magnetized solid phase carrier can easily separate a solid and a liquid using magnetic force.
- the shape of the solid phase carrier include particles, membranes, fibers, and filters. Particles are particularly preferred as the shape of the solid support. Its surface may be porous or non-porous, and may be displaced! /.
- Particularly preferred solid phase carriers include latex in which a synthetic polymer carrier is uniformly dispersed in water, metal colloid particles such as gold colloid, and magnetic particles such as magnet beads.
- Immobilization of the primer or the substrate to the solid phase carrier can be performed by a method known to those skilled in the art, and may be a method by deviation of physical bonding or chemical bonding! /,.
- the primer or substrate is immobilized on a solid phase carrier by, for example, a substance capable of labeling an oligonucleotide such as a primer or a probe, and a solid phase carrier obtained by binding a substance capable of binding thereto.
- a substance capable of labeling an oligonucleotide such as a primer or a probe
- a solid phase carrier obtained by binding a substance capable of binding thereto.
- those well known in the art can be used, for example, For example, a combination of a ligand and a receptor capable of binding to it, and a combination of two nucleic acids that hybridize to each other.
- a primer or a substrate labeled with piotin is bound to a solid phase carrier whose surface is coated with avidin or streptavidin, whereby the primer or the substrate can be immobilized on the solid phase carrier.
- the antigen include haptens such as FITC, DIG, and DNP.
- antibodies that can bind to these include antibodies such as anti-FITC antibody, anti-DIG antibody, and anti-DNP antibody. Further, these antibodies may be either monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal antibodies.
- the combination of piotin and streptavidin is particularly preferred because of its high specificity and good binding efficiency.
- Labeling substances such as piotin, hapten, and ligand can be used alone or in a combination of two or more if necessary, using known means (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 59-93099, 59-148798, and Can be introduced at the 5 'end of the primer.
- the site (or group) capable of binding to the solid phase carrier used in the present invention can be selected according to the above-described method used for immobilization of a primer or a substrate to the solid phase carrier, and therefore, the solid phase carrier can be selected. Any of those that allow physical binding to the carrier or those that allow chemical binding may be used, but specific binding is preferable.
- the sites capable of binding to the solid phase carrier include, as described above, piotin, avidin, streptavidin, antigen, antibody, ligand, receptor, nucleic acid, protein, and the like, and preferably with piotin or streptavidin. More preferably, it is piotin.
- the solid phase carrier used in this case may contain a binding partner of the site contained in the primer or the substrate, if necessary.
- a binding partner is present in a form capable of binding to the above-mentioned site contained in the primer or the substrate, preferably present on the surface of the solid phase carrier, and more preferably solid. It is assumed that it is applied on the surface of the phase carrier.
- the sample is a specimen derived from the subject, and the amplification target is included in a mutant gene or pathogen having a disease-related mutation.
- the amplification target is included in a mutant gene or pathogen having a disease-related mutation.
- a method for detecting a cell associated with a disease from a specimen derived from a subject comprising (a) a mutant gene having a mutation associated with the disease.
- a primer set comprising at least one primer containing a sequence homologous or complementary to two or more regions and at least one primer containing a sequence homologous or complementary to one or more regions on the same gene
- a step of preparing a primer set in which nucleotide residues involved in mutation in a mutant gene are contained in one or more of the regions and (b) a nucleic acid molecule contained in the specimen as a saddle type
- detecting the amplification product In this method, if an amplification product is detected in step (d), it indicates that
- a cell associated with a disease has a gene mutation associated with the disease, preferably a gene mutation specific for the disease, and is appropriately selected by those skilled in the art depending on the target disease. Gene mutations related to this are known for various diseases, and those skilled in the art can appropriately use combinations of these diseases and gene mutations. Examples of such gene mutations include mutations in the j8 globin gene specific for sickle cell disease, mutations in the p53 gene specific for cancer, and the like.
- a mutation in the j8 globin gene specific to sickle cell disease known as a genetic disease includes a GAG force at the seventh codon to GTG, and this 13-globin expressed by this single nucleotide mutation The 6th amino acid is replaced with valine by glutamic acid. Therefore, a cell associated with sickle cell disease can be detected by specifically amplifying the mutant 8) globin gene having this mutation.
- a number of gene mutations specific to cancer cells are known, but most of them are p53 gene mutations.
- the p53 protein which also expresses this gene power, is one of the transcription factors. It controls cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair, and plays a role in preventing the accumulation of mutations (such as canceration) at the individual level.
- mutations in the p53 gene are found in more than 50% of cases, of which 80% are point mutations with amino acid substitutions. This mutation rate is much higher than other known oncogenes.
- the p53 protein is a DNA binding protein, and many of the mutations found in cancer are concentrated in the DNA binding domain.
- mutations in the p53 gene that are common in colorectal cancer are mutations at 175, 248, and 273, followed by CG, followed by 196, 213, 245, There is a tendency for mutations to concentrate at the 282nd codon.
- the types of point mutations also have a clear tendency, and there are overwhelmingly many transversions from GC to AT.
- cancer cells can be detected by specifically amplifying a mutant gene having any one or a combination of two or more of such mutations.
- a method for specifically detecting a pathogen from a specimen derived from a subject comprising (a) two or more specific genes on a gene contained in the target pathogen to be detected.
- a primer set comprising at least one primer containing a homologous or complementary sequence in the target region and at least one primer containing a homologous or complementary sequence in one or more specific regions on the same gene
- a step of preparing (b) the sample A step of performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction with the primer set using the contained nucleic acid molecule as a cage, (C) a step of performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction with the primer set using the amplification product obtained by the nucleic acid amplification reaction as a cage, and (d) a step of detecting the amplification product.
- this method when an amplification product is detected in step (d), it indicates that the target pathogen strain has been detected.
- pathogens include pathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses and the like.
- the specific region on the gene contained in the target pathogen can be easily selected by comparing the sequence of the gene with the sequence of the nucleic acid contained in the sample.
- pathogens may have mutant strains having mutant genes that are not limited to wild strains having wild-type genes. As such mutant strains, various strains are known along with differences in gene sequences from wild strains. According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to simultaneously detect all or a part of such wild strains and mutant strains, or it is possible to specifically detect only one of them. For example, when multiple strains of pathogens are detected simultaneously, a region having a sequence that is common to these strains and that is not found in nucleic acids contained in other strains or specimens should be used as the specific region. Can do. In addition, when only a single strain of the pathogen is specifically detected, it has a sequence that is not found in nucleic acids contained in other strains or specimens and is found only in the target pathogen strain. A region can be used as the specific region.
- nucleotide residues capable of mutation are contained in one or more of the specific regions.
- Primer sets can be designed to For example, in the case of using the nucleic acid amplification method developed by the present inventors, nucleotide residues that can be mutated are included in the sequence (A), the sequence (B), or the sequence (C). Primer sets can be designed.
- the third primer hybridizes to a nucleic acid sequence in the nucleic acid sample or a complementary sequence thereof, one or more mismatches between the nucleic acid sequence or a complementary sequence thereof are caused by the presence or absence of the mutation.
- a third primer can also be designed to occur. This makes it possible to determine the presence or absence of the target pathogen strain by confirming the presence or absence of the amplification product, and by quantifying the amplification product. It is possible to determine the amount of the pathogen strain.
- Each step of the method for detecting a disease-related cell or pathogen according to the present invention can be performed as described above by the nucleic acid amplification method according to the present invention.
- the method for detecting a disease-related cell or pathogen if the disease-related cell or pathogen is detected, the subject suffers from an infection caused by the disease or the pathogen strain. Can be determined. Therefore, according to the present invention, a method for diagnosing a disease in a subject is provided, and the method comprises all the steps of the method for detecting a disease-related cell or pathogen according to the present invention.
- mi Extraction of the above-mentioned atypical gene with sample power that mixes bull and frog eglobin
- the mutant gene was specifically amplified from a sample containing a wild-type human ⁇ -globin gene and a mutant human ⁇ -globin gene containing a single base substitution, and this was detected.
- a long-chain synthetic oligonucleotide containing a single-base mutation in a specific region in the human j8 globin gene and a single-base mutation is not included!
- a strand synthesis oligonucleotide was synthesized.
- these long-chain synthetic oligonucleotides were amplified by PCR, respectively, and amplification products of wild-type DNA and mutant DNA containing single-base mutation were obtained. After sequencing and confirming the nucleotide residues of the mutated part, these amplified products were used as templates in the following experiments.
- the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) of the wild-type amplification product is shown in FIG. In Fig. 4, the boxed residue is the residue that is effective for mutation, and this residue is “t” in the mutant amplification product.
- Fl-W 5'-gatgctccatacaactgtgttcactagcaa-3 '(Self column number 2);
- R1 5-ggatatatatatatcccttcaccacgttcaccttg- ( ⁇ ⁇ (13 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ "4).
- Fl-M 5 -gatgcaccatacaactgtgttcactagcaa- ⁇ '(3 ⁇ 4 row 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ number 3);
- R1 5-ggatatatatatatcccttcaccacgttcaccttg- ( ⁇ ⁇ (13 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ "4).
- the forward primer F1-M has the same nucleotide sequence as that of the primer F1-W except that it has a T residue that is resistant to mutation at the fifth and sixth positions from the end.
- the reverse primer R1 has a structure in which the sequence at the 3, terminal side (19mer: underlined portion) anneals in a cage shape, and the sequence at the 5 'end (16mer: other than the underlined portion) folds within that region. Designed to take
- a nucleic acid amplification reaction using a wild-type DNA detection primer pair or a mutant DNA detection primer pair for each of the saddle types. I did it. Specifically, a reaction solution (25 ⁇ L) having the following composition: Tris-HCl (20 mM, pH 8.8), KCl (lOmM), (NH) SO (10 mM),
- FIG. 5 shows the change over time in the amount of amplification in the third nucleic acid amplification reaction.
- Table 1 shows the increase in nucleic acids. It summarizes the results of the width.
- the results of the amplification reaction are + + +, + +, +, and then in order from the one with the highest increase rate of the amplified products (the one with the fastest rise of the curve in the graph), and there is no amplification at all. What did not exist was taken as one.
- the sample numbers shown in Fig. 5 correspond to the sample numbers in Table 1! / Speak.
- Table 1 Amount of amplified product from the third nucleic acid amplification reaction
- Figure 5 and Table 1 confirm that the wild-type DNA detection primer pair specifically detects only wild-type DNA, and the mutant DNA detection primer pair specifically detects only mutant-type DNA. It was. It was also shown that mutant DNA can be detected even in samples where mutant DNA is only 1/5000 of wild-type DNA.
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CN112481382A (zh) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-12 | 凯杰生物工程(深圳)有限公司 | 一种用于检测jak2基因的引物组合物和探针、试剂盒以及方法 |
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WO2004040019A1 (ja) * | 2002-10-29 | 2004-05-13 | Riken | 核酸の増幅法 |
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JP2008136436A (ja) * | 2006-12-04 | 2008-06-19 | Fujifilm Corp | 1本鎖dna結合蛋白質を用いた核酸の変異検出方法 |
CN112481382A (zh) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-12 | 凯杰生物工程(深圳)有限公司 | 一种用于检测jak2基因的引物组合物和探针、试剂盒以及方法 |
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