WO2010060269A1 - 过滤元件及其制造方法以及水处理装置 - Google Patents

过滤元件及其制造方法以及水处理装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010060269A1
WO2010060269A1 PCT/CN2009/001275 CN2009001275W WO2010060269A1 WO 2010060269 A1 WO2010060269 A1 WO 2010060269A1 CN 2009001275 W CN2009001275 W CN 2009001275W WO 2010060269 A1 WO2010060269 A1 WO 2010060269A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
organic
binder
permeable support
water
filter element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/001275
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦升益
Original Assignee
北京仁创科技集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 filed Critical 北京仁创科技集团有限公司
Priority to US13/000,009 priority Critical patent/US20110215049A1/en
Priority to KR1020107029092A priority patent/KR101252365B1/ko
Priority to EP09828530.7A priority patent/EP2301655B1/en
Priority to JP2011536725A priority patent/JP5346385B2/ja
Priority to AU2009319638A priority patent/AU2009319638B2/en
Publication of WO2010060269A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010060269A1/zh
Priority to IL212524A priority patent/IL212524B/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
    • B01D63/066—Tubular membrane modules with a porous block having membrane coated passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
    • B01D69/108—Inorganic support material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
    • B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
    • B01D69/1216—Three or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/40—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/40—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
    • B01D71/401—Polymers based on the polymerisation of acrylic acid, e.g. polyacrylate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/46—Epoxy resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/54—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
    • B01D2325/0283—Pore size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/36—Hydrophilic membranes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filter element and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a filter element for an organic membrane bioreactor and a method of manufacturing the same for use in sewage treatment. Background technique
  • the membrane bioreactor consists of a bioreactor unit and a membrane separation unit.
  • the characteristics are: good water quality and suitable reuse of treated water; small footprint and high environmental adaptability; high degree of automation and easy operation and management.
  • the scale of its application has been continuously developed.
  • the 10,000-ton and several-tens of 10,000-ton shoal sewage treatment projects have emerged, and the number of applications is increasing.
  • Thousands of membrane bioreactor projects are in many countries and regions around the world. Get the app.
  • the membrane material used in the membrane unit is classified into an organic membrane and an inorganic membrane.
  • the known inorganic film mainly includes a metal film, an alloy film, a ceramsite film, a glass film, a zeolite film, a molecular sieve film, and the like.
  • Inorganic membrane has good chemical stability, acid and alkali resistance, organic solvent resistance; high mechanical strength, long life; can be backwashed; strong antibacterial ability, does not interact with microorganisms; high temperature resistance; narrow pore size distribution, high separation efficiency, etc.
  • the commercial inorganic membranes are mainly ceramsite membranes, which are mainly composed of flat, tubular and multi-channel.
  • the technical process of the inorganic ceramsite membrane is complicated, the processing is difficult, and the price is expensive.
  • the cost per square meter is 4000-10000 yuan.
  • the inorganic ceramic membrane is filtered, it needs to be larger between the biological unit and the membrane unit.
  • the circulating flow requires a circulating pump with a higher power. Therefore, the operation cost of the inorganic ceramsite membrane is also higher. Therefore, the reported applications are mainly oil-water separation, recovery of certain chemical materials, such as recovery of titanium dioxide. Removal of precipitated heavy metals in petrochemical wastewater treatment, removal of recovered latex in latex wastewater, etc.
  • the application of ceramsite membranes in membrane bioreactors is still limited to the laboratory research stage. By 2004, the market share of the world separation membranes exceeded US$10 billion, and the market share of inorganic membranes accounted for only 12%.
  • a typical membrane bioreactor is made by coating an organic filter membrane material on a cloth or fiber tube.
  • the organic filter membranes are made of petrochemical materials or plastics, and the strength of the carrier cloth or the fiber tube is poor. Therefore, the strength of the organic membrane bioreactor is poor, and the membrane module is broken, especially the hollow fiber membrane is prone to film. The wire breaks, and some of the film filaments appear to break within a few months even after installation and use. Once the film breaks, the treated water quality will deteriorate.
  • the membrane bioreactor works, the problem of changing the membrane is more complicated, and the range of adverse effects is greater.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a filter element, a manufacturing method thereof and a water treatment device comprising the same, to solve the difference in strength of the organic film in the prior art sewage treatment, short service life and high cost of the inorganic film.
  • the problem of high energy consumption is to provide a filter element, a manufacturing method thereof and a water treatment device comprising the same, to solve the difference in strength of the organic film in the prior art sewage treatment, short service life and high cost of the inorganic film.
  • the present invention discloses a filter element comprising a water-permeable support body and an organic filter film, the surface of the water-permeable support body having a layer of organic material, the organic filter film covering the surface of the organic material layer, and organic The material layer is combined, and the pore size of the organic filter membrane is between 0. 0015 ⁇ ⁇ 20 ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the water permeable support comprises an aggregate and a binder covering the aggregate, and the aggregate is quartz sand, ceramsite or glass microbead.
  • the binder is an organic binder, and the organic binder forms the organic material layer on the surface of the water permeable support; or the binder is an inorganic binder, and the permeable water The surface of the support is coated, sprayed or rolled to form an organic material layer; or the water permeable support has a two-layer structure, wherein the binder of one layer is an inorganic binder, and the binder of the other layer is An organic binder, and the organic binder forms the organic material layer on the surface of the water permeable support.
  • the main component of the organic filter membrane is an organic filter membrane material, which is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethersulfone, cellulose acetate, sulfonated polysulfone, sulfonated polyethersulfone, poly One of amide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile or any combination thereof.
  • the organic filtration membrane material has a hydrophilic group, and the hydrophilic group is a hydroxyl group, a lactam group or a sulfone group.
  • the organic filter membrane material and the organic solvent are formulated to have a membrane liquid having a concentration of the mechanical filtration membrane material of 1% to 10%, and then the water-permeable support is coated to make the organic material layer on the surface of the water-permeable support The organic filter membrane is covered.
  • the water permeable support body has a cavity therein, and the water permeable support body has a water outlet, and the cavity communicates with the water outlet.
  • the cavity may be one, and the cavity is provided with support points to strengthen the strength of the water-permeable support.
  • the cavity may be a plurality of, the cavity is a columnar structure, and is arranged in parallel along the water permeable support body, and a partition wall between each two adjacent cavities is used to strengthen the strength of the water permeable support body
  • the water permeable support body has a water collecting space at a side wall of the end surface corresponding to the plurality of cavities, the plurality of cavities communicating with each other at the water collecting space, or between the plurality of cavities
  • the partition wall has a hole for communicating the plurality of cavities to each other.
  • the water permeable support is a rectangular parallelepiped or a cube structure.
  • the water permeable support body has a wave-like structure, and the valley position on the opposite side of the wave type structure is in contact with the peak position to separate the plurality of cavities.
  • the organic material layer is an organic binder layer
  • the organic binder is a hydrophilic resin binder
  • the hydrophilic resin binder is one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane and acrylic resin.
  • the molecular side chain in the epoxy resin, the polyurethane and the acrylic resin contains a hydrophilic carboxylate, a sulfonate, an ammonium salt, a hydroxyl group or a main chain containing a nonionic hydrophilic segment.
  • the present invention also provides a method of manufacturing a filter element, comprising the steps of: forming an organic material layer on a surface of a water permeable support; and coating or spraying an organic filter film material on the surface of the organic material layer to cause organic An organic filter membrane is formed on the surface of the material layer; or the organic filter membrane is coated on the surface of the organic material layer; wherein the organic filter membrane has a pore diameter of between 0. 0015 ⁇ ⁇ and 20 ⁇ .
  • the water permeable support body comprises an aggregate and a binder covering the aggregate.
  • the aggregate is quartz sand, ceramsite or glass microbeads.
  • the binder is an organic binder, and the organic binder forms the organic material layer on the surface of the water permeable support; or the binder is an inorganic binder, and the permeable water The surface of the support is coated, sprayed or rolled to form an organic material layer; or the water permeable support has a two-layer structure, wherein the binder of one layer is an inorganic binder, and the binder of the other layer is An organic binder, and the organic binder forms the organic material layer on the surface of the water permeable support.
  • the step of coating the organic filter material on the surface of the organic material layer comprises: formulating the organic filter film material and the organic solvent into a membrane liquid having a concentration of the mechanical filtration membrane material of 1% to 10%, and then performing the water-permeable support Coating, the organic material layer on the surface of the water-permeable support is coated with the organic filter film.
  • a cavity is formed inside the water permeable support body, and a water outlet is formed on the water permeable support body such that the cavity communicates with the water outlet.
  • the present invention also provides a water treatment apparatus characterized by comprising a filtering device comprising the above-described filter element.
  • the filter element and the water treatment device thereof of the invention solve and overcome the difference in strength of the organic membrane used in the membrane bioreactor of the prior art, the service life is short, and the cost and operation energy of the traditional inorganic ceramsite film are adopted.
  • the problem of high cost and high cost makes the membrane material of membrane bioreactor make full use of natural cheap and environment-friendly materials, which greatly prolongs the life of membrane bioreactor, breaking the longevity of the known organic membrane bioreactor for 5-10 years. Limitation, making the membrane bioreactor a more practical, suitable for widespread and large-scale application of water treatment, sewage treatment and wastewater recycling technology.
  • Figure 1 is a simplified schematic view of a membrane layer of a filter element of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the filter element of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a simplified schematic view of the first embodiment of the filter element structure of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the second embodiment of the filter element structure of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the third embodiment of the filter element structure of Figure 2.
  • the filter element provided by the present invention is composed of a filter layer and a liner layer, the filter layer is an organic filter membrane 2, and the liner layer is a water-permeable support body 1.
  • the surface of the water-permeable support 1 has an organic material layer 3 covering the surface of the organic material layer 3 and combined with the organic material layer 3, since the organic filter film is well combined with the organic material layer, so that the organic The filter membrane 2 can be firmly bonded to the water-permeable support 1 through the organic material layer 3.
  • the main component of the organic filtration membrane is an organic filtration membrane material
  • the organic filtration membrane material may be a hydrophilic material having a hydrophilic function
  • the organic filtration membrane material may have a hydroxyl group, a lactam group or a sulfone group.
  • a hydrophilic group may be polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the organic filter membrane 2 has a small pore size, a fine and uniform pore size, and a pore diameter of 0. 0015 ⁇ ⁇ ! ⁇ 20 m between.
  • the water-permeable support 1 has a pore diameter of about 50 to 200 ⁇ m, so that irreversible membrane fouling can be effectively alleviated.
  • the organic material layer 3 may be an organic binder layer
  • the organic binder is a hydrophilic resin binder
  • the hydrophilic resin binder may be epoxy resin, polyurethane and acrylic resin.
  • One or more of the molecular side chains in the epoxy resin, polyurethane and acrylic resin contain a hydrophilic carboxylate, a sulfonate, an ammonium salt, a hydroxyl group or a main chain containing a nonionic hydrophilic segment.
  • the organic filtration membrane 2 on the surface of the organic material layer 3 is prepared by disposing the organic filtration membrane material and the organic solvent into a membrane liquid containing the organic filtration membrane material at a concentration of 1% to 10%.
  • the organic support 1 is coated, sprayed or rolled, so that the organic material layer 3 on the surface of the water-permeable support 1 is coated with the organic filter film 2; or the organic filter layer 3 is directly coated with the organic filter.
  • the organic solvent is dimethylacetamide (DMAC), formamide, ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol phenyl ether. .
  • the water permeable support body comprises an aggregate and a binder covering the aggregate.
  • the aggregate may be quartz sand, ceramsite or glass beads.
  • the binder uses an organic binder, and the organic binder forms the organic material layer on the surface of the water permeable support; or the binder uses an inorganic binder, and the organic material
  • the material layer is formed by directly coating, spraying or rolling the organic material on the surface of the water permeable support; or the water permeable support body has a two-layer structure, wherein one layer of the binder is an inorganic binder, and the other layer
  • the binder of the layer is an organic binder, and at this time, the organic binder forms the organic material layer on the surface of the water permeable support.
  • the aggregate particles are coated with an organic binder, and the organic filter membrane material is coated on the surface of the organic material layer formed of the organic binder, the strength of the water-permeable support body is greatly enhanced.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the filter element of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an internal structure view of the filter element of FIG. 2.
  • the water permeable support body has a rectangular parallelepiped structure or a square structure, and the water permeable body
  • the sexual support body 1 has a cavity inside, and a support point 4 is provided in the cavity to strengthen the strength of the water-permeable support body.
  • the water-permeable support body 1 has a water outlet 5 which communicates with the water outlet.
  • the surface of the water permeable support has an organic material layer 3 covering the surface of the organic material layer 3 and functioning as a sewage filter. Therefore, the sewage outside the filter element passes through the organic filter membrane 2.
  • the water-permeable support body 1 After the water-permeable support body 1 enters the cavity in the filter element, it is clean water, and various impurities and dirt in the sewage are blocked by the organic filter membrane 2 outside the filter element, and the clean water in the cavity can pass through The water outlet 5 flows out.
  • the cavity in the water-permeable support body 1 may be plural, the cavity is a columnar structure, and is arranged in parallel along the water-permeable support body, and each two adjacent There are partition walls between the cavities for reinforcing the strength of the water permeable support, and the presence of the partition walls between the plurality of cavities effectively increases the strength of the filter element.
  • a water outlet at a position corresponding to each cavity, or a plurality of cavities communicate with each other to communicate with the water outlet
  • a sidewall of the plurality of cavities has a water collecting space at the side wall ( Not shown in the figure)
  • the plurality of cavities communicate with each other at the water collecting space, or holes (not shown) may be formed on the partition wall between the plurality of cavities, and the plurality of holes are formed through the holes
  • the cavities communicate with each other.
  • the water permeable support body may have a rectangular parallelepiped or a rectangular parallelepiped structure, as shown in FIG.
  • the water permeable support body has a wave-shaped structure, and the trough position on the opposite surface of the wave-shaped structure is corresponding to the peak position. Separating the plurality of cavities and forming a partition wall between the plurality of cavities, as shown in FIG. 4, and the trough position on the opposite surface of the wave-shaped structure and the corresponding position of the crest position can be strengthened.
  • the strength of the water permeable support serves as a support point in Fig. 3, and the water permeable support of the solution has higher strength, further improving the effect of the filter element.
  • the above-mentioned drawings are only several embodiments of the filter element structure of the present invention.
  • the filter element of the present invention is not limited to the above structure, and the water-permeable support body may be other than the above structure. Any structure, such as spheres, ellipsoids, etc., to suit the different appearance requirements of the application.
  • the method for producing a filter element of the present invention comprises the steps of: forming a water-permeable support 1 by bonding an aggregate such as quartz sand, ceramsite or glass microbeads with an adhesive, and forming an organic material on the surface of the water-permeable support 1 Layer 3, in this step, when the binder used is an organic binder, the organic binder forms the organic material layer on the surface of the water permeable support; when the binder used is inorganic
  • the organic material layer may be formed by directly coating, spraying or rolling the organic material on the surface of the water permeable support; or the water permeable support may be formed into a two-layer structure in which one layer is bonded.
  • the agent is an inorganic binder
  • the other layer of the binder is an organic binder
  • the organic binder forms the organic material layer on the surface of the water permeable support.
  • the method further comprises the steps of: coating the organic filter layer on the organic material layer by coating, spraying, rolling or direct laminating, in particular, coating, spraying or rolling the organic filter film on the surface of the organic material layer; 01015 ⁇ ⁇ !
  • the material of the organic material layer is formed on the surface of the organic material layer, or the organic filter layer is coated with the organic filter film, the organic filter film is combined with the organic material layer, and the organic filter membrane has a pore size of 0. 0015 ⁇ ⁇ ! ⁇ 20 ⁇ ⁇ between.
  • the organic material is preferably an organic binder, and the organic binder is preferably a hydrophilic resin binder, and the hydrophilic resin binder is one of epoxy resin, polyurethane, and acrylic resin. Or several kinds, the molecular side chain in the epoxy resin, the polyurethane and the acrylic resin contains a hydrophilic carboxylate, a sulfonate, an ammonium salt, a hydroxyl group or a main chain containing a nonionic hydrophilic segment;
  • the organic filter membrane material is a hydrophilic material, and the hydrophilic material may have a hydrophilic group such as a hydroxyl group, a lactam group or a sulfone group.
  • the organic filter membrane material may be polyvinylidene fluoride. a polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethersulfone, cellulose acetate, sulfonated polysulfone, sulfonated polyethersulfone, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile or any combination thereof, and the pore diameter of the organic filtration membrane 2 Between 0. 0015 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m.
  • the step of coating the surface of the organic material layer 3 with the organic filter film material comprises formulating the organic filter film material and the organic solvent into a membrane liquid containing a mechanical filtration membrane material at a concentration of 1% to 10%, and then the water-permeable support
  • the organic material layer 3 on the surface of the water-permeable support 1 is coated with the organic filter film 2, wherein the organic solvent may be dimethylacetamide, formamide, or B. Glycol or ethylene glycol phenyl ether.
  • the method may further include the steps of: forming a cavity inside the water permeable support body 1 to form a support point 4 in the cavity to strengthen the strength of the water permeable support body 1 and forming on the water permeable support body 1
  • the water outlet 5 is such that the cavity communicates with the water outlet.
  • the organic material layer 3 is directly coated, sprayed or rolled on the surface of the water permeable support 1 to form an organic material layer 3, and the organic material layer 3 is The surface of the organic filter film 2 is formed.
  • the water permeable support body can also be made into other structures.
  • the cavity in the water permeable support body 1 can be plural, the cavity is a columnar structure, and the water permeability is along the water permeability.
  • the support bodies are arranged in parallel, and a partition wall between each two adjacent cavities serves to strengthen the strength of the water permeable support.
  • the water permeable support body may be a rectangular parallelepiped or a square structure, as shown in FIG. 5, or the water permeable support body has a wave structure, as shown in FIG. 4, wherein the troughs on the opposite side of the wave type structure The position is correspondingly connected to the peak position to space the plurality of cavities and constitute a partition wall between the plurality of cavities.
  • the filter element of the present invention can be used in a filtration device in various water treatment devices (such as various water treatments, water purification devices or systems such as lakes, rivers, urban water, agricultural water, etc.), that is, the water treatment device.
  • the filter device may include one or more filter elements of the present invention, and the sewage treatment, sewage regeneration and water purification treatment, that is, the above various water treatment, water purification devices or systems, by using the filtration function of the filter element of the present invention,
  • the filter elements of the present application are all within the scope of the claims of the present application.
  • the water-permeable support is combined with the organic filter film, and an organic material layer is formed on the surface of the water-permeable support, so that the organic filter film can be covered with water permeability by strong bonding with the organic material layer.
  • the surface of the support body due to the high strength of the water permeable support body and the strong combination of the organic filter membrane and the organic material layer, solves and overcomes the difference in strength of the organic membrane in the membrane bioreactor of the prior art, and has a short life span and
  • the use of traditional inorganic ceramsite film cost and high energy consumption and cost is effective in reducing irreversible membrane fouling, making the membrane bioreactor organic filter membrane make full use of natural cheap and environmentally friendly materials, greatly extending the membrane biological reaction.
  • the life of the device breaks the limit of 5-10 years of service life of the known organic membrane bioreactor, making the membrane bioreactor A more practical, suitable for popularization and large-scale application of water treatment, sewage treatment and sewage recycling.
  • the coated cast sand plate is cheaper, about 100 ⁇ 300 yuan/m 2 , and does not use cross-flow filtration, so the energy consumption is low. With high water permeability, high strength, long life, acid and alkali resistance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Description

过滤元件及其制造方法以及水处理装置 技术领域
本发明涉及过滤元件及其制造方法， 尤其涉及一种有机膜生物反应器的过 滤元件及其制造方法， 用于污水处理。 背景技术
膜生物反应器由生物反应池单元和膜分离单元组成， 其特点是： 处理水质 好、 处理水适宜回用； 占地面积小， 环境适应性高； 自动化程度高， 容易运行 管理。其应用的规模不断发展，万吨级和几十万吨级的巿政污水处理工程已经 出现，其应用数量也越来越大，数以千级的膜生物反应器工程在世界许多国家 和地区得到应用。
膜单元采用的膜材料分为有机膜和无机膜。 公知的无机膜主要有金属膜、 合金膜、 陶粒膜、 玻璃膜、 沸石膜、 分子筛膜等。 无机膜具有化学稳定性好， 耐酸碱、耐有机溶剂；机械强度大， 寿命长；可以反冲洗；抗微生物的能力强， 不与微生物发生作用； 耐高温； 孔径分布窄、 分离效率高等优点， 目前商品化 的无机膜主要是陶粒膜， 其主要有平板、管式和多通道三种。但是无机陶粒膜 的技工工艺复杂、加工难度大， 价格昂贵， 每平米造价 4000-10000元人民币， 除此之外，在无机陶粒膜过滤时，在生物单元和膜单元之间需要较大的循环流 量， 需要功率较高的循环水泵， 因此， 无机陶粒膜的运行费用也较高， 所以， 其见有报道的应用主要是油水分离、 对某些化工原料回收， 如钛白粉的回收、 在石化废水处理中去除沉淀的重金属、在乳胶废水中去除回收乳胶等。陶粒膜 在膜生物反应器中的应用仍局限在实验室研究阶段， 到 2004年， 世界分离膜 的市场销售额超过 100亿美元， 无机膜的市场占有率仅占 12%。
公知的膜生物反应器大多采用的是有机膜， 以下文献对有机膜反应器的上 述问题作了相关介绍（高大林.颇尔各种膜技术的比较.清华大学：膜法水处理 技术研讨会， 2005： 228 ; The purification company (Norit) . X-low recycling of wastewater, Tsing Hua university, China: international symposium on membrane technologies for water and wastewater treatment, 2005 : 195； 郑祥等.膜生物反应器的技术经济分析.给水排水， 28 (3)， 2002 : 105-108)。通常的膜生物反应器是在布或纤维管外涂覆有机过滤膜材料制成， 有机过滤膜大多为石油化工材料或塑料制成，其载体布或纤维管等强度差，因 此， 此种有机膜生物反应器的强度差， 膜组件会发生破裂， 特别是中空纤维膜 容易出现膜丝断裂，有的膜丝甚至在安装使用后，几个月内就出现膜丝断裂现 象。一旦出现膜的断裂， 处理水质将变差。 当膜损坏的量和程度影响到系统的 处理效果， 就需要更换膜组件， 这不仅要使污水处理系统停止运行， 而且换膜 的工程量和一次性费用都很大，特别是对于较大规模的膜生物反应器工程，换 膜产生的问题就更为复杂，产生的不利影响范围更大。 由于有机膜主要以石油 化工产品为原料，每次膜更换等于在消耗大量宝贵不可再生的石油资源，这在 石油资源日益短缺的条件下问题将日显严重。不仅如此，换掉的废旧膜组件又 成为难以处理的有机工业废弃物，给环境造成二次污染和新的负担。即使有机 过滤膜不是意外的损坏，这种有机膜生物反应器正常的、周期的膜更换产生的 经济和环境问题也将是巨大的，随着膜生物反应器应用的发展，特别是在大规 模市政污水处理工程中应用的发展，这一问题将更显突出和严重。 因此， 釆用 有机膜的膜生物反应器，膜的强度差，使用寿命短已经成为当今阻碍膜生物反 应器大规模和普及应用的一个重要限制性因素和重大技术难题。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种过滤元件、其制造方法以及包含此 过滤元件的水处理装置， 以解决现有技术的污水处理中有机膜强度差，使用寿 命短和无机膜造价高、 运行能耗高的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明公开了一种过滤元件，包括透水性支撑体及有机 过滤膜，该透水性支撑体的表面具有机材料层，该有机过滤膜覆于有机材料层 表面， 且与有机材料层结合， 且该有机过滤膜的孔径介于 0. 0015 μ ιη〜20 μ πι 之间。
其中， 该透水性支撑体包括骨料及包覆骨料的粘结剂， 该骨料为石英砂、 陶粒或者玻璃微珠。
其中，所述粘结剂为有机粘结剂，并且该有机粘结剂于该透水性支撑体的 表面形成了该有机材料层； 或者所述粘结剂为无机粘结剂， 并于该透水性支撑 体表面涂覆、 喷涂或滚涂有机材料形成有机材料层； 或者该透水性支撑体为两层 结构， 其中一层的粘结剂为无机粘结剂， 另一层的粘结剂为有机粘结剂， 并且 该有机粘结剂于该透水性支撑体的表面形成了该有机材料层。 其中，该有机过滤膜主要成分为有机过滤膜材料，该有机过滤膜材料为聚 偏氟乙烯、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚醚砜、醋酸纤维素、磺化聚砜、磺化聚醚砜、 聚酰胺、 聚乙烯醇、 聚丙烯腈其中之一或其任意组合。
其中， 该有机过滤膜材料具有亲水性基团， 该亲水性基团为羟基、 内酰胺 基或砜基。
其中， 该有机过滤膜材料与有机溶剂配制成含有机过滤膜材料浓度为 1%〜10%的膜液后对该透水性支撑体进行涂覆， 使该透水性支撑体表面的有机 材料层上覆有该有机过滤膜。
其中， 该透水性支撑体内部具有空腔， 该透水性支撑体上具有出水口， 所 述空腔与所述出水口连通。
其中，该空腔可为一个，该空腔内设有支撑点以加强透水性支撑体的强度。 其中， 该空腔可为多个， 该空腔为柱状结构， 并且沿该透水性支撑体平行 排列，且每两个相邻的空腔之间的间隔壁用以加强透水性支撑体的强度，其中， 于对应每个空腔的位置具有出水口，或者多个所述空腔彼此连通，并共同与所 述出水口连通。
其中， 该透水性支撑体于对应该多个空腔的端面的侧壁处具有一集水空 间，该多个空腔于该集水空间处彼此连通，或者该多个空腔之间的间隔壁上具 有孔洞， 用于使该多个空腔彼此连通。
其中， 该透水性支撑体为长方体或正方体结构。或者， 该透水性支撑体为 波浪型结构，该波浪型结构的相对面上的波谷位置与波峰位置对应相接， 以间 隔出该多个空腔。
其中，该有机材料层为有机粘结剂层，该有机粘结剂为亲水性树脂粘结剂， 该亲水性树脂粘结剂为环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的一种或几种，其中， 该环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的分子侧链含有亲水性的羧酸盐、磺酸盐、 铵盐、 羟基或主链含有非离子型亲水链段。
其中， 该有机溶剂为二甲基乙酰胺、 甲酰胺、 乙二醇或乙二醇苯醚。 而且， 为实现上述目的， 本发明还提供一种制造过滤元件的方法， 包括步 骤：于透水性支撑体表面形成有机材料层； 以及于有机材料层表面涂覆或喷涂 有机过滤膜材料，使得有机材料层表面形成有机过滤膜；或于有机材料层表面 贴覆有机过滤膜； 其中， 该有机过滤膜的孔径介于 0. 0015 μ πι〜20 μ πι之间。 其中， 该透水性支撑体包括骨料及包覆骨料的粘结剂。 该骨料为石英砂、 陶粒或者玻璃微珠。
其中，所述粘结剂为有机粘结剂，并且该有机粘结剂于该透水性支撑体的 表面形成了该有机材料层； 或者所述粘结剂为无机粘结剂， 并于该透水性支撑 体表面涂覆、 喷涂或滚涂有机材料形成有机材料层； 或者该透水性支撑体为两层 结构， 其中一层的粘结剂为无机粘结剂， 另一层的粘结剂为有机粘结剂， 并且 该有机粘结剂于该透水性支撑体的表面形成了该有机材料层。
其中，在有机材料层表面涂覆有机过滤膜材料的步骤包括将该有机过滤膜 材料与有机溶剂配制成含有机过滤膜材料浓度为 1%〜10%的膜液后对该透水 性支撑体进行涂覆， 使该透水性支撑体表面的有机材料层上覆有该有机过滤 膜。
其中，于该透水性支撑体内部形成空腔，于该透水性支撑体上形成出水口， 使得所述空腔与所述出水口连通。
而且， 本发明还提供一种水处理装置， 其特征在于， 包括过滤装置， 该过 滤装置包括上述的过滤元件。
本发明的效果： 采用本发明的过滤元件及其水处理装置， 解决和克服了现 有技术中膜生物反应器釆用有机膜强度差，寿命较短和采用传统无机陶粒膜造 价及运行能耗和费用高的问题，使得膜生物反应器的膜材料充分利用天然廉价 和环境友好的材料，大大延长膜生物反应器的寿命，突破公知有机膜生物反应 器使用寿命最长 5- 10年的限制， 使膜生物反应器成为一种更加实用， 宜于普 及和大规模应用的水处理、 污水处理和污水再生回用技术。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的过滤元件膜层的简单示意图；
图 2为本发明所述过滤元件的实施例示意图；
图 3为图 2中过滤元件结构第一实施例的简单示意图；
图 4为图 2中过滤元件结构第二实施例的剖面示意图；
图 5为图 2中过滤元件结构第三实施例的剖面示意图。
其中， 附图标记：
1-透水性支撑体 2-有机过滤膜
3 -有机材料层 4-支撑点 5-出水口 6—柱状结构 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的过滤元件的结构及材料进行说明；
图 1为本发明的过滤元件的简单示意图，如图 1所示，本发明所提供的过 滤元件由过滤层和衬层组成，过滤层为有机过滤膜 2，衬层为透水性支撑体 1， 该透水性支撑体 1表面具有有机材料层 3， 该有机过滤膜 2覆于有机材料层 3 表面， 且与有机材料层 3结合， 由于有机过滤膜会与有机材料层很好的结合， 使得有机过滤膜 2可以通过有机材料层 3与透水性支撑体 1牢固的结合在一 起。
其中，该有机过滤膜的主要成分为有机过滤膜材料，该有机过滤膜材料可 以为具有亲水性功能的亲水性材料，并且该有机过滤膜材料可以带有羟基、内 酰胺基或砜基等亲水性基团。 具体而言， 该有机过滤膜材料可为聚偏氟乙烯
(PVDF)、聚乙烯基吡咯垸酮（PVP)、聚醚砜（PES )、醋酸纤维素、磺化聚砜、 磺化聚醚砜、聚酰胺、 聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯腈其中之一或其任意组合。 另外， 该 有机过滤膜 2孔径小， 细密均匀， 且孔径介于 0. 0015 μ π！〜 20 m之间。 透水 性支撑体 1孔径范围约为 50〜200 μ m， 因而能够有效地减轻不可逆的膜污染。
其中，该有机材料层 3可以为有机粘结剂层，该有机粘结剂为亲水性树脂 粘结剂，所述亲水性树脂粘结剂可为环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的一种 或几种，所述环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的分子侧链含有亲水性的羧酸 盐、 磺酸盐、 铵盐、 羟基或主链含有非离子型亲水链段。
其中， 上述该有机材料层 3表面的该有机过滤膜 2是通过将上述该有机过 滤膜材料与有机溶剂配制成含有该有机过滤膜材料的浓度为 1%〜 10%的膜液 后对该透水性支撑体 1进行涂覆、 喷涂或滚涂而成， 使得该透水性支撑体 1 表面的有机材料层 3上覆有上述该有机过滤膜 2; 或者在有机材料层 3表面直 接贴覆有机过滤膜。其中，上述该有机溶剂为二甲基乙酰胺 (DMAC)、 甲酰胺、 乙二醇或乙二醇苯醚。 .
并且，该透水性支撑体包括骨料及包覆骨料的粘结剂。该骨料可为石英砂、 陶粒或者玻璃微珠等。
另外，所述粘结剂使用有机粘结剂，并且该有机粘结剂于该透水性支撑体 的表面形成了该有机材料层；或者所述粘结剂使用无机粘结剂，并且该有机材 料层通过将有机材料直接涂覆、喷涂或滚涂于该透水性支撑体的表面形成；或 者该透水性支撑体为两层结构，其中一层的粘结剂为无机粘结剂， 另一层的粘 结剂为有机粘结剂，此时该有机粘结剂于该透水性支撑体的表面形成了该有机 材料层。其中， 当使用有机粘结剂包覆骨料颗粒， 并且在由有机粘结剂形成的 有机材料层表面涂覆有机过滤膜材料时， 该透水性支撑体的强度会大大提高。
图 2为本发明所述过滤元件的实施例示意图， 图 3为图 2中过滤元件的内 部结构图，如图 2及图 3所示，该透水性支撑体为长方体结构或者正方体结构， 该透水性支撑体 1内部具有空腔，空腔内设有支撑点 4以加强透水性支撑体的 强度，该透水性支撑体 1上具有出水口 5，所述空腔与所述出水口连通。其中， 该透水性支撑体表面具有有机材料层 3， 该有机过滤膜 2覆于有机材料层 3的 表面， 且起到对污水过滤的作用， 因此， 过滤元件外的污水经有机过滤膜 2、 透水性支撑体 1后进入过滤元件内的空腔中的为干净的水， 污水中的各种杂 质、污浊物被过滤元件外的有机过滤膜 2阻止，并且空腔中的干净的水可以经 出水口 5流出。
另外， 如图 4及图 5所示， 该透水性支撑体 1内的该空腔可以为多个， 该 空腔为柱状结构，并且沿该透水性支撑体平行排列，且每两个相邻的空腔之间 具有间隔壁， 所述间隔壁用以加强透水性支撑体的强度， 并且， 多个空腔之间 的间隔壁的存在， 有效提高了过滤元件的强度。其中， 于对应每个空腔的位置 具有出水口， 或者多个空腔彼此连通， 共同与所述出水口连通， 如， 所述多个 空腔的端面的侧壁处具有一集水空间（图中未示）， 该多个空腔于该集水空间 处彼此连通，或者也可以于该多个空腔之间的间隔壁上形成孔洞（图中未示）， 通过孔洞将该多个空腔彼此连通。当然，该透水性支撑体可以为长方体或正方 体结构， 如图 5所示， 或者， 该透水性支撑体为波浪型结构， 该波浪型结构的 相对面上的波谷位置与波峰位置对应相接， 以间隔出该多个空腔，并构成该多 个空腔之间的间隔壁，如图 4所示，并且通过该波浪型结构的相对面上的波谷 位置与波峰位置的对应相接可以加强透水性支撑体的强度， 从而起到了图 3 中支撑点的功能，并且该方案的透水性支撑体强度更高，进一步提高了过滤元 件的效果。
另外， 需要说明的是上述附图仅仅为本发明过滤元件结构的几种实施态 样，本发明过滤元件并不限于上述结构，其透水性支撑体除了可以为上述结构 夕卜， 还可以为其它的任意结构， 如球体， 椭球体等， 以适应应用中的不同外观 需求。 并且， 本发明的过滤元件的制造方法， 包括步骤： 由石英砂、 陶粒或者玻 璃微珠等骨料通过粘结剂粘结形成透水性支撑体 1， 于透水性支撑体 1表面形 成有机材料层 3, 在该步骤中， 当使用的粘结剂为有机粘结剂时， 该有机粘结 剂于该透水性支撑体的表面形成了该有机材料层；当使用的粘结剂为无机粘结 剂时，该有机材料层可以通过将有机材料直接涂覆、喷涂或滚涂于该透水性支 撑体的表面形成；或者可以将该透水性支撑体形成两层结构，其中一层的粘结 剂为无机粘结剂，另一层的粘结剂为有机粘结剂，此时该有机粘结剂于该透水 性支撑体的表面形成了该有机材料层。 另外， 还包括步骤： 通过涂覆、 喷涂、 滚涂或直接贴覆的方式在有机材料层上覆有机过滤膜，具体而言，可以于有机 材料层表面涂覆、喷涂或滚涂有机过滤膜材料，使得有机材料层表面形成有机 过滤膜，或于有机材料层表面贴覆有机过滤膜，使有机过滤膜与有机材料层结 合， 并且所使用有机过滤膜的孔径介于 0. 0015 μ π！〜 20 μ πι之间。 其中， 当使 用有机粘结剂包覆骨料颗粒，且在由有机粘结剂形成的有机材料层表面形成有 机过滤膜时， 该透水性支撑体的强度会大大提高。
另外，该有机材料较佳为有机粘结剂，该有机粘结剂较佳为亲水性树脂粘 结剂，所述亲水性树脂粘结剂为环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的一种或几 种， 所述环氧树脂、 聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的分子侧链含有亲水性的羧酸盐、 磺酸盐、铵盐、羟基或主链含有非离子型亲水链段； 并且， 该有机过滤膜材料 为亲水性材料， 该亲水性材料可以具有羟基、 内酰胺基或砜基等亲水性基团， 具体而言， 该有机过滤膜材料可为聚偏氟乙烯、 聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、 聚醚砜、 醋酸纤维素、磺化聚砜、磺化聚醚砜、聚酰胺、聚乙烯醇、 聚丙烯腈其中之一 或其任意组合， 并且该有机过滤膜 2的孔径介于 0. 0015 μ m〜20 μ m之间。 其 中，在有机材料层 3表面覆有有机过滤膜材料的步骤包括将该有机过滤膜材料 与有机溶剂配制成含有机过滤膜材料的浓度为 1%〜 10%的膜液后对该透水性 支撑体 1进行涂覆、 喷涂或滚涂， 使该透水性支撑体 1表面的有机材料层 3 上覆有该有机过滤膜 2， 其中， 该有机溶剂可为二甲基乙酰胺、 甲酰胺、 乙二 醇或乙二醇苯醚等。
并且， 还可包括以下步骤： 于该透水性支撑体 1内部形成空腔， 于该空腔 内形成支撑点 4 以加强该透水性支撑体 1 的强度， 并且于该透水性支撑体 1 上形成出水口 5， 使得所述空腔与所述出水口连通。 其中， 于该透水性支撑体 1表面直接涂覆、 喷涂或滚涂有机材料形成有机材料层 3， 并于有机材料层 3 的表面形成该有机过滤膜 2。
当然，还可以将透水性支撑体制成其它结构， 如图 4及图 5所示， 该透水 性支撑体 1内的该空腔可以为多个，该空腔为柱状结构，并且沿该透水性支撑 体平行排列， 且每两个相邻的空腔之间的间隔壁用以加强透水性支撑体的强 度。其中， 于对应每个空腔的位置具有出水口， 或者多个空腔彼此连通， 并共 同与所述出水口连通， 如， 所述多个空腔的端面的侧壁处具有一集水空间， 该 多个空腔于该集水空间处彼此连通，或者也可以于该多个空腔之间的间隔壁上 形成孔洞，通过孔洞将该多个空腔彼此连通。其中， 该透水性支撑体可以为长 方体或正方体结构， 如图 5所示， 或者， 该透水性支撑体为波浪型结构， 如图 4所示， 其中， 该波浪型结构的相对面上的波谷位置与波峰位置对应相接， 以 间隔出该多个空腔， 并构成该多个空腔之间的间隔壁。
另外， 本发明中的过滤元件可以用于各种水处理装置（如湖泊、河流、城 市用水、 农业用水等各种水处理、水净化装置或系统）中的过滤装置， 即该水 处理装置的过滤装置中可以包括一个或者多个本发明的过滤元件，通过本发明 的过滤元件的过滤作用进行污水处理、污水再生及水净化处理，即上述各种水 处理、水净化装置或系统， 只要用到本申请的过滤元件， 都在本申请的权利要 求保护范围之内。
当然，本发明还可有其他多种实施例，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情 况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但 这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。 工业应用性
本发明的过滤元件中， 采用透水性支撑体与有机过滤膜结合， 并且通过 于透水性支撑体表面形成一有机材料层，使得有机过滤膜可以通过与有机材料 层的牢固结合而覆于透水性支撑体表面，如此的结构， 由于透水性支撑体的强 度高以及有机过滤膜与有机材料层的牢固结合，解决和克服了现有技术中膜生 物反应器采用有机膜强度差，寿命较短和采用传统无机陶粒膜造价及运行能耗 和费用高的问题，有效地减轻不可逆的膜污染，使得膜生物反应器的有机过滤 膜充分利用天然廉价和环境友好的材料，大大延长了膜生物反应器的寿命，突 破公知有机膜生物反应器使用寿命最长 5-10年的限制， 使膜生物反应器成为 一种更加实用，宜于普及和大规模应用的水处理、污水处理和污水再生回用 术。
与目前应用的 4000-10000元 /m2昂贵的传统陶粒膜相比，覆膜铸砂板式 价格便宜， 约为 100〜300元 /m2， 且不采用错流过滤方式， 因而能耗低； 具有高透水率， 高强度， 长寿命、 耐酸碱等特点。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种过滤元件， 其特征在于， 包括透水性支撑体及有机过滤膜， 所述 透水性支撑体的表面具有机材料层， 所述有机过滤膜覆于所述有机材料层表 面， 且与所述有机材料层结合， 且所述有机过滤膜的孔径介于 0. 0015 m〜20 μ ηι之间。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所述透水性支撑体包 括骨料及包覆骨料的粘结剂。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所述透水性支撑体的 骨料为石英砂、 陶粒或者玻璃微珠。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所述粘结剂为有机粘 结剂， 并且所述有机粘结剂于所述透水性支撑体的表面形成所述有机材料层； 或者所述粘结剂为无机粘结剂，并且，所述透水性支撑体表面涂覆有有机材料 以形成有机材料层；或者所述透水性支撑体为两层结构，所述两层结构彼此粘 结， 其中一层的粘结剂为无机粘结剂， 另一层的粘结剂为有机粘结剂， 并且所 述有机粘结剂于所述透水性支撑体的表面形成所述有机材料层。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所述有机过滤膜主要 成分为有机过滤膜材料，所述有机过滤膜材料为聚偏氟乙烯、聚乙烯基吡咯垸 酮、 聚醚砜、 醋酸纤维素、 磺化聚砜、 磺化聚醚砜、 聚酰胺、 聚乙烯醇、 聚丙 烯腈其中之一或其任意组合。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所述有机过滤膜材料 与有机溶剂配制成含有机过滤膜材料浓度为 1%〜10%的膜液后对所述透水性 支撑体进行涂覆，使所述透水性支撑体表面的有机材料层上覆有所述有机过滤 膜。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所述透水性支撑体内 部具有空腔， 所述透水性支撑体上具有出水口， 所述空腔与所述出水口连通。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所述空腔为一个， 所 述空腔内设有支撑点以加强透水性支撑体的强度。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所述空腔为多个， 所 述空腔为柱状结构，并且沿所述透水性支撑体平行排列，且每两个相邻的空腔 之间具有间隔壁， 所述间隔壁用以加强透水性支撑体的强度， 其中， 于对应每 个空腔的位置分别具有出水口，或者多个所述空腔彼此连通，并共同与所述出 水 B连通。
10、根据权利要求 9所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所述透水性支撑体于 对应所述多个空腔的端面的侧壁处具有一集水空间，所述多个空腔于所述集水 空间处彼此连通，或者所述多个空腔之间的间隔壁上具有孔洞，用于使所述多 个空腔彼此连通。
11、 根据权利要求 7至 10中任意一项所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所 述透水性支撑体为长方体或正方体结构。
12、 根据权利要求 7至 10中任意一项所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所 述透水性支撑体为波浪型结构，所述波浪型结构的相对面上的波谷位置与波峰 位置对应相接， 以间隔出所述多个空腔。
13、 根据权利要求 1至 10中任意一项所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所 述有机材料层为有机粘结剂层，所述有机粘结剂为亲水性树脂粘结剂，所述亲 水性树脂粘结剂为环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的一种或几种， 其中， 所 述环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的分子侧链含有亲水性的羧酸盐、磺酸盐、 铵盐、 羟基或主链含有非离子型亲水链段。
14、根据权利要求 5或 6中任意一项所述的过滤元件， 其特征在于， 所述 有机过滤膜材料具有亲水性基团， 所述亲水性基团为羟基、 内酰胺基或砜基。
15、根据权利要求 6所述的过滤元件，其特征在于，所述有机溶剂为二甲 基乙酰胺、 甲酰胺、 乙二醇或乙二醇苯醚。
16、 一种制造过滤元件的方法， 其特征在于， 包括步骤：
于透水性支撑体表面形成有机材料层； 以及
于有机材料层表面涂覆或喷涂有机过滤膜材料，使得有机材料层表面形成 有机过滤膜； 或于有机材料层表面贴覆有机过滤膜；
其中， 所述有机过滤膜的孔径介于 0. 0015 μ π！〜 20 μ πι之间。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的制造过滤元件的方法， 其特征在于， '所述透 水性支撑体包括骨料及包覆骨料的粘结剂。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的制造过滤元件的方法， 其特征在于， 所述透 水性支撑体的骨料为石英砂、 陶粒或者玻璃微珠。
19、 根据权利要求 17所述的制造过滤元件的方法， 其特征在于， 所述粘 结剂为有机粘结剂，并且所述有机粘结剂于所述透水性支撑体的表面形成所述 有机材料层；或者所述粘结剂为无机粘结剂，并于所述透水性支撑体表面涂覆 有机材料形成所述有机材料层； 或者所述透水性支撑体为两层结构，其中一层 的粘结剂为无机粘结剂，另一层的粘结剂为有机粘结剂，并且所述有机粘结剂 于所述透水性支撑体的表面形成所述有机材料层。
20、 根据权利要求 16所述的制造过滤元件的方法， 其特征在于， 在所述 有机材料层表面涂覆或喷涂有机过滤膜材料的步骤之前包括将所述有机过滤 膜材料与有机溶剂混合配制成含有机过滤膜材料浓度为 1°/。〜10%的膜液的步 骤。
21、根据权利要求 16至 20中任意一项所述的制造过滤元件的方法，其特 征在于，于所述透水性支撑体内部形成空腔，于所述透水性支撑体上形成出水 口， 使得所述空腔与所述出水口连通。
22、根据权利要求 16至 20中任意一项所述的制造过滤元件的方法，其特 征在于，所述有机材料层为有机粘结剂层，所述有机粘结剂为亲水性树脂粘结 剂，所述亲水性树脂粘结剂为环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的一种或几种， 其中，所述环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的分子侧链含有亲水性的羧酸盐、 磺酸盐、 铵盐、 羟基或主链含有非离子型亲水链段。
23、根据权利要求 16至 20中任意一项所述的过滤元件的方法，其特征在 于， 所述有机过滤膜材料为聚偏氟乙烯、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚醚砜、醋酸纤 维素、 磺化聚砜、磺化聚醚砜、 聚酰胺、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯腈其中之一或其任 意组合。
24、一种水处理装置， 其特征在于， 包括过滤装置， 所述过滤装置包括权 利要求 1至 10中任意一项所述的过滤元件。
PCT/CN2009/001275 2008-11-25 2009-11-17 过滤元件及其制造方法以及水处理装置 WO2010060269A1 (zh)

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CN105561814A (zh) * 2014-10-10 2016-05-11 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种抗菌反渗透复合膜及其制备方法
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