WO2010050470A1 - 組み換え微生物を用いたポリ乳酸の製造方法 - Google Patents
組み換え微生物を用いたポリ乳酸の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N9/1029—Acyltransferases (2.3) transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups (2.3.1)
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- the present invention relates to a method for producing polylactic acid using a recombinant microorganism.
- bio-derived polyesters have attracted attention as biodegradable plastics that are easily degraded in nature and as “green” plastics that can be synthesized from renewable carbon resources such as sugar and vegetable oils. ing.
- polylactic acid is expected to be a practically excellent biodegradable polymer because it is relatively inexpensive, has a melting point of 170 ° C. or more, has sufficient heat resistance, and can be melt-molded.
- polylactic acid was produced by polymerizing lactic acid produced by microorganisms after neutralizing and purifying it into a dimeric cyclic compound (lactide). Therefore, there was a problem that the cost was high.
- Non-patent Document 1 A typical example of a biodegradable plastic produced by microorganisms is poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) having 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB) as a monomer.
- PHB is a thermoplastic polymer having a melting temperature of about 180 ° C., and has an advantage of excellent melt processability in addition to biodegradability.
- PHB has high crystallinity, it has a problem in physical properties that it is hard and brittle, that is, inferior in impact resistance.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing a copolymer comprising 3HB and 3-hydroxyvaleric acid (3HV).
- Patent Document 2 microorganisms belonging to the genus Methylobacterium sp., Paracoccus sp., Alcaligenes sp., Pseudomonas sp.
- a method of producing a copolymer of 3HB and 3HV by contacting with a primary alcohol is disclosed.
- the copolymer of 3HB and 3HV is rich in flexibility compared with PHB, and that the flexibility increases as the content of 3HV in the copolymerized polyester increases.
- propionic acid is added to the medium in Patent Document 1 and propan-1-ol is added to the medium in Patent Document 3, respectively.
- the content of 3HV in the polyester is controlled.
- P (3HB-co-3HH) which is a two-component copolyester of 3HB and 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as 3HH), and its production method are also described in, for example, Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5, respectively.
- the methods for producing P (3HB-co-3HH) copolymers described in these publications use Aeromonas caviae isolated from soil and fermentatively produce them from fatty acids such as oleic acid and oils such as olive oil. To do. In addition, this A.I.
- Patent Document 7 describes a mutant enzyme that produces PHB having a high content of 3HB by converting the amino acid sequence of a polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase of a microorganism identified as Pseudomonas sp. 61-3. Is disclosed.
- Patent Document 8 discloses Ralstonia eutropha incorporating a nucleic acid encoding a propionyl CoA transferase of Clostridium propionium as an example of such a copolyester containing a monomer unit other than 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid. Discloses a method for producing a copolyester composed of 3HB and lactic acid (LA) by culturing an old name Alcaligenes eutrophus while adding lactic acid to the medium. In addition, the same document describes C.I.
- the above is a copolyester having 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid as a monomer unit, a copolyester having monomers other than 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid as a monomer unit, and a production method using a microorganism.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing polylactic acid by microbial fermentation using sugar as a raw material.
- the present inventors have found that a recombinant microorganism into which a nucleic acid encoding a polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase variant described in Patent Document 7 has been introduced can efficiently produce polylactic acid directly from sugar. As a result, the following inventions have been completed.
- a process for producing polylactic acid comprising:
- amino acid sequence of the protein that catalyzes the reaction of transferring CoA to propionic acid and / or lactic acid is the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 or one or several amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4
- amino acid sequence of the protein that catalyzes the reaction of transferring CoA to propionic acid and / or lactic acid is the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, or one or several amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6
- the amino acid sequence of the protein that catalyzes the synthesis reaction of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid is an amino acid sequence in which the 325th and 481st amino acids of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 are substituted with other amino acids, respectively ( The manufacturing method as described in 1).
- the amino acid sequence of the protein that catalyzes the synthesis reaction of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid is an amino acid sequence in which the 325th Ser in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is substituted with Thr and the 481st Gln is substituted with Lys.
- the manufacturing method according to (1) is an amino acid sequence in which the 325th Ser in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is substituted with Thr and the 481st Gln is substituted with Lys.
- each of the proteins is a protein encoded by a recombinant expression vector introduced into a microorganism.
- a recombinant microorganism having a protein that catalyzes a reaction in which CoA is transferred to propionic acid and / or lactic acid, and a protein that catalyzes a synthesis reaction of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid having the amino acid sequence of a) or b) below.
- (8) Propionic acid and / or lactic acid
- the amino acid sequence of the protein that catalyzes the reaction to transfer CoA to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, or one or several amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 has been deleted, substituted, or added.
- the recombinant microorganism according to (7) which is an amino acid sequence.
- amino acid sequence of the protein that catalyzes the reaction of transferring CoA to propionic acid and / or lactic acid is the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, or one or several amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6
- the amino acid sequence of the protein that catalyzes the synthesis reaction of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid is an amino acid sequence in which the 325th and 481st amino acids of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 are substituted with other amino acids, respectively ( The recombinant microorganism according to 7).
- the amino acid sequence of the protein that catalyzes the synthesis reaction of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid is an amino acid sequence in which the 325th Ser in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is substituted with Thr and the 481st Gln is substituted with Lys.
- the production method of the present invention can efficiently produce polylactic acid using an inexpensive carbon source as a raw material, and can reduce the production cost of biodegradable plastics.
- phaC1 (ST / QK) represents the STQK gene
- PCT represents M.P.
- PRe is R.D.
- a promoter derived from R. eutropha and Plac represents an E. coli lactose operon promoter, respectively. It is a molecular weight distribution curve of the polymer prepared in the Example. M.M.
- the present invention relates to a recombinant microorganism having a protein that catalyzes a reaction in which CoA is transferred to propionic acid and / or lactic acid, and a protein that catalyzes a synthesis reaction of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid comprising the following amino acid sequence a) or b): Step 1) of culturing the bacterium in a medium containing a carbon source: a) an amino acid sequence in which at least one of the 130th, 325th, 477th and 481st amino acids of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is substituted with another amino acid b) in the protein defined in a), An amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids other than the 130th, 325th, 477th and 481th positions are deleted or substituted, or one or several amino acid residues are inserted; And the manufacturing method of polylactic acid including the process 2) which collect
- the conditions of the protein
- PCT propionyl CoA transferase
- Table 1 shows representative examples of PCT origins (microorganism names) reported so far, and literature information disclosing information on the base sequences encoding them.
- any of the PCTs reported so far can be used.
- an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted, or added in the known amino acid sequence of PCT Even a protein consisting of can be used.
- the term “several” used in connection with the amino acid sequence of PCT means 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 25, more preferably 10 or less.
- the catalytic activity of the reaction in which CoA is transferred to propionic acid and / or LA is, for example, A. E. It can be measured according to the method described in Hofmeister et al. (Eur. J. Biochem., 206, 547-552).
- a preferred PCT in the present invention is a PCT derived from Megaphaeera elsdenii.
- the amino acid sequence thereof is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, and an example of the nucleotide sequence of a nucleic acid (DNA) encoding the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3. .
- PCT in the present invention is a PCT derived from Staphylococcus aureus, the amino acid sequence thereof is represented by SEQ ID NO: 6, and an example of the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid (DNA) encoding the amino acid sequence is represented by the sequence. The number 5 is shown.
- PCT derived from Staphylococcus aureus showed higher lactate CoA productivity at an early stage of microbial culture compared to PCT derived from Megasphaela erusdeni, which was more rapidly This suggests that polylactic acid can be produced. Therefore, the use of PCT derived from Staphylococcus aureus has the advantage that the costs associated with the production of polylactic acid can be reduced.
- any one of the above-mentioned PCTs may be used alone, or PCTs derived from a plurality of types may be used in combination.
- PCT derived from Megasphaela elsdeni exhibits higher lactic acid CoA productivity in the later stage of microbial culture compared to PCT derived from Staphylococcus aureus. Based on the characteristics of PCT derived from Megasphaela erusdeni and the characteristics of PCT derived from Staphylococcus aureus described above, it is considered that lactic acid CoA productivity can be maintained over a longer period of time by using both together.
- the protein that catalyzes the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid in the present invention is a) the 130th, 325th, 477th and 481st positions of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 An amino acid sequence in which at least one of the amino acids is substituted with another amino acid, or b) a protein defined in a), wherein one or several amino acids other than the 130th, 325th, 477th and 481st positions are A protein consisting of an amino acid sequence that is deleted or substituted, or into which one or several amino acid residues are inserted.
- the protein defined in a) is a protein in which a part of the amino acid sequence of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase derived from Pseudomonas sp. 61-3 described in Patent Document 7 is mutated.
- the protein defined in b) is obtained by introducing an additional mutation into the protein defined in a) to such an extent that the activity is not lost.
- the term “several” used in connection with the protein defined in b) means 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 25, more preferably 10 or less.
- PhaCm the protein that catalyzes the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid in the present invention
- PhaCm are the amino acids at the 130th, 325th, 477th and 481th positions of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 described in Table 6 and Table 7 of Patent Document 7, each independently.
- a preferred protein is a double mutation in which any two amino acids are substituted, and particularly preferably a double mutation in which the 325th Ser is substituted with Thr and the 481st Gln is substituted with Lys (hereinafter referred to as STQK). ).
- the DNA encoding PhaCm is based on the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase derived from Pseudomonas sp. 61-3 and the base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) of the DNA encoding the same. Furthermore, it can be produced recombinantly by site-directed mutagenesis methods known to those skilled in the art. Further, as described in Patent Document 7, the activity of catalyzing the synthesis of PhaCm polyhydroxyalkanoic acid is obtained by obtaining a host cell transformed with a nucleic acid capable of expressing the PhaCm, and polyhydroxyalkane of the host cell. This can be confirmed by the acid accumulation ability.
- Nucleic acid encoding protein It is preferable to use each of the proteins 1) to 2) above by introducing the nucleic acid encoding them into a microorganism and translating and translating the protein into the microorganism.
- the nucleic acid introduced into the microorganism is preferably in a form incorporated into a vector.
- the vector for introducing the nucleic acid into the microorganism may be any vector that can replicate autonomously in the host, and is preferably in the form of plasmid DNA or phage DNA.
- vectors for introducing a nucleic acid into Escherichia coli include plasmid DNAs such as pBR322, pUC18, and pBLuscriptII, and phage DNAs such as EMBL3, M13, and ⁇ gtII.
- Examples of vectors for introduction into yeast include YEp13 and YCp50.
- vectors for introducing a nucleic acid into a bacterium belonging to the genus Ralstonia or Pseudomonas include pLA2917 (ATCC 37355) having an RK2 replication origin and RSF1010 replication origin which are replicated and maintained in a wide range of hosts.
- PJRD215 ATCC 33533 having
- the nucleic acid encoding each of the above proteins 1) to 2), preferably DNA, can be inserted into a vector using a gene recombination technique known to those skilled in the art.
- a promoter capable of controlling transcription and translation of each protein from the DNA inserted into the vector.
- Any promoter may be used as long as it can regulate gene transcription in the host.
- E. coli is used as a host
- trp promoter, lac promoter, PL promoter, PR promoter, T7 promoter and the like can be used
- yeast is used as a host
- gal1 promoter, gal10 promoter and the like can be used.
- a region considered to contain a promoter upstream of the phaC1Ps gene or upstream of the phbCRe can be used.
- the vector of the present invention includes a terminator sequence, an enhancer sequence, a splicing signal sequence, a poly A addition signal sequence, a ribosome binding sequence (SD sequence), a selection that can be used in a microorganism into which a nucleic acid is to be introduced, as necessary
- a marker gene or the like can be linked.
- selectable marker genes include drug resistance genes such as ampicillin resistance gene, tetracycline resistance gene, neomycin resistance gene, kana machine resistance gene, chloramphenicol resistance gene, and intracellular biosynthesis of nutrients such as amino acids and nucleic acids.
- examples include genes involved, genes encoding fluorescent proteins such as luciferase, and the like.
- the nucleic acid described above preferably in the form of a vector, is introduced into the microorganism by methods known to those skilled in the art.
- Examples of the method for recombination of a vector into a microorganism include a calcium phosphate method, an electroporation method, a spheroplast method, a lithium acetate method, a junction transfer method, a method using calcium ions, and the like.
- Microorganism The recombinant microorganism in the present invention is transformed by introduction of a microorganism expressing the protein of 1) to 2) above, preferably a nucleic acid capable of functionally expressing the protein of 1) to 2) above.
- Microorganisms. Suitable microorganisms include bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas such as Pseudomonas sp.
- Ralstonia bacteria such as Eutropha, Bacillus bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium b -Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces) genus yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida (Candida maltosa) yeasts, such as Candida maltosa, etc. can be mentioned.
- Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium, and R. Eutropha is preferable, and Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium are particularly preferable.
- a microorganism having its own unique polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase such as utropha
- Microorganisms that have lost such expression ability are treated with a chemical mutagen such as nitrosoguanidine or a physical mutagen such as UV, or the nucleic acid encoding polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase is modified to function the enzyme. It can be prepared by introducing a mutated nucleic acid that has made inappropriate expression into a microorganism and performing “homologue recombination”. Confirmation that the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene has been disrupted is based on Southern hybridization using a part of the gene as a probe. This can be done by examining the shift.
- Polylactic acid is produced by culturing a recombinant microorganism into which the nucleic acid is introduced in a medium containing a carbon source, producing and accumulating polylactic acid in a cultured cell or culture, and This is done by recovering polylactic acid from the body or culture.
- the culture of the recombinant microorganism of the present invention is preferably carried out under general culture conditions for each microorganism according to the type of the recombinant microorganism, except for the medium composition.
- a medium having a special composition is not particularly required, but it is preferable to use a medium in which any of nitrogen sources other than carbon sources, inorganic salts, and other organic nutrient sources is limited.
- a medium for culturing a recombinant microorganism in which a nucleic acid is incorporated into a bacterium belonging to the genus Ralstonia or Pseudomonas for example, a medium in which a nitrogen source is limited to 0.01 to 0.1% can be mentioned.
- Examples of the carbon source include carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose.
- oil-related substances having 4 or more carbon atoms can be used as a carbon source.
- oils and fats having 4 or more carbon atoms include corn oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, coconut oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, fish oil, whale oil, pig oil or cow oil, Fatty acids such as butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid or myristic acid or esters of these fatty acids, octanol, lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol or Examples include palmityl alcohol and the like, and esters of these alcohols.
- nitrogen source examples include ammonium salts such as ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium phosphate, as well as peptone, meat extract, yeast extract, corn steep liquor, and the like.
- inorganic substances include monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and sodium chloride.
- Cultivation is preferably carried out at a temperature of 25 to 37 ° C. under aerobic conditions such as shaking culture for at least 24 hours after the transcription of the proteins 1) to 2).
- antibiotics such as kanamycin, ampicillin, and tetracycline may be added to the medium.
- a factor that induces transcription of the promoter may be added to the medium.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention is M.I. Nucleic acid (SEQ ID NO: 3) encoding PCT from M. elsdenii or S. cerevisiae.
- SEQ ID NO: 3 encoding PCT from M. elsdenii or S. cerevisiae.
- This is a method for producing polylactic acid by culturing a recombinant Escherichia coli introduced with a nucleic acid (SEQ ID NO: 5) encoding PCT derived from S. aureus and an expression vector having a nucleic acid encoding STQK.
- This method is advantageous in terms of production cost because polylactic acid can be produced from inexpensive molasses without adding a monomer component constituting the target polymer such as LA to the medium. is there.
- polylactic acid may be recovered by a method known to those skilled in the art for recovering polylactic acid or PHA from microorganisms.
- the microorganism is collected from the culture solution by centrifugation, washed, dried, suspended in chloroform, heated to extract the target polyester into the chloroform fraction, and methanol solution added to the chloroform solution. Is added to precipitate polylactic acid, the supernatant is removed by filtration or centrifugation, and then dried to obtain purified polylactic acid.
- Confirmation that the recovered polyester is polylactic acid may be performed by an ordinary method such as gas chromatography or nuclear magnetic resonance.
- Example 1 1) Production of recombinant microorganisms In order to amplify the nucleic acid encoding propionyl CoA transferase (Accession No. J04987) by PCR after extracting genomic DNA from M. elsdenii (ATCC17753) using DNeasy Tissue Kit (Qiagen), EcoRI recognition sequence Primer DNA of a forward primer containing a reverse primer containing a PstI recognition sequence was synthesized.
- PCR amplification conditions were as follows: PCR reaction (enzyme KOD-PLUS), 94 ° C. for 1 cycle, 94 ° C. for 30 seconds, 50 ° C. for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C. for 30 cycles, and 94 °C 2 minutes.
- the sequence of the primer set used for amplification of each gene is as follows: M.M.
- MePCTN 5'-atgagaaaagtagaaatcattac-3 '
- MePCTC 5'-ttattttttcagtcccatgggaccgtcctg-3 '
- CpPCTN 5'-gggggccatgggaaaggttcccattattaccgcagatgag -3 '
- CpPCTC 5'-ggggctcgagtcaggacttcatttccttcagacccat-3 ' S.
- Plasmid pTV118N (Takara Shuzo) was digested with EcoRI and PstI, dephosphorylated with alkaline phosphatase, About 4.7 kbp of the recombinant plasmid PTV118N M. coli containing the DNA fragment encoding the propionyl-CoA transferase ligated by adding the DNA fragment from Oersdeni. E. -PCT was prepared.
- Plasmid pGEMC1 (ST / QK) AB containing all of the DNA encoding STQK was prepared according to the method described in Takase et al. (J. Biochem., 2003, Vol. 133, pp. 139-145).
- pGEMC1 (ST / QK) AB is digested with BamHI to recover a DNA fragment of about 6 kbp, which contains 66 mM potassium acetate, 10 mM magnesium acetate, 0.5 mM DTT, 0.1 mg / mL BSA, 3 mM containing 0.1 mM dNTP.
- Tris acetate buffer (pH 7.9) 200 units of T4 polymerase was allowed to act at 37 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a DNA fragment encoding STQK.
- PTV118N M PTV118N M.
- E. -PCT was digested with PstI and allowed to act on T4 polymerase under the same conditions as described above, then dephosphorylated using alkaline phosphatase, and then the DNA fragment encoding the phaCm was ligated to pTV118N M.
- pTV118N-PCT-Cl was obtained by amplifying the region of pTV118N-PCT-C1AB excluding the phaA and phaB portions by PCR and self-ligating the product (FIG. 1).
- E. coli species W3110 competent cells were transformed with pTV118N-PCT-C1 (ST / QK).
- 200 ml culture was performed by the above-described culture method, and the obtained culture solution was collected in a 50 ml falcon tube (3000 ⁇ g, 5 min, RT) and then frozen at ⁇ 80 ° C. overnight.
- the frozen cells were dried for 2 days with a freeze dryer (Model 77400 manufactured by LABCONCO).
- the dried cells were transferred to a pressure-resistant test tube, 1 ml of chloroform was added per 100 mg of cells, and refluxed in a water bath at 95 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the sample after reflux was returned to room temperature and filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m PTFE filter into a silicon centrifuge tube to remove the cells.
- the extracted sample was dried at room temperature until the chloroform was completely removed.
- 2 ml of hexane was added, vortexed for about 1 minute, and then centrifuged (6,000 ⁇ g, 15 minutes, RT) to remove the supernatant. This washing with hexane was performed twice.
- the sample after dry-up was dissolved in 2 ml of chloroform, transferred to a glass vial and dried up, and this was used as a sample for polymer analysis.
- GC / MS analysis 200 ml culture was carried out by the culture method described above, and the obtained culture solution was collected in a 50 ml falcon tube (3000 ⁇ g, 5 min, RT) and then frozen at ⁇ 80 ° C. overnight. The frozen cells were dried for 2 days with a freeze dryer (Model 77400 manufactured by LABCONCO). 100 mg of the dried cells were weighed into a pressure-resistant test tube, 1.6 ml of chloroform was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight at room temperature.
- PLA-0020 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., weight average molecular weight 20,000
- 10 ml of chloroform 10 ml of chloroform in a 20 ml vial
- 1 ml of this was pressure tested.
- the mixture was transferred to a tube, 0.6 ml of chloroform, 1.6 ml of methanol sulfuric acid and 100 ⁇ l of an internal standard were added, and methylation was performed by refluxing in a water bath at 95 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the standard sample after completion of methylation was returned to room temperature and transferred to a disposable test tube having a diameter of 18 mm.
- the methylated product was either GC / MS (HP6890 Series GC system / 5973 Mass Selective Detector) DB-1 (122-10G3: 150 meters ⁇ 0.25 mm ⁇ 1 mm) or DB-1 (122-1063) manufactured by Agilent. : The analysis was performed using 60 meters ⁇ 0.25 mm ⁇ 1 mm). The analysis method when using each column is described below.
- CE-MS analysis conditions were analyzed in Anal. According to Chem 2002, 74, 6224-6229 “Pressure-Assisted Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Multivalents”. The result is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 shows the quantification result of lactic acid derivatives from ii) GC / MS analysis.
- PCT derived from Elsdeni is C.I. It has been found that it contributes better to the productivity of polylactic acid compared to PCT derived from propionium.
- pTV118N-PCT-C1 Pseudomonas sp. 61-3 polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (wild type, SEQ ID NO: 1)
- a competent cell of E. coli W3110 was transformed with pTV118N-PCT-C1, and the resulting transformant was cultured in 10 ml of LB liquid containing active colonies formed on LB agar medium in a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask.
- a pre-cultured bacterial solution that was inoculated into the medium and grown by shaking culture at 30 ° C.
- 200 ml culture was performed by the above-described culture method, and the obtained culture solution was collected in a 50 ml falcon tube (3000 ⁇ g, 5 min, RT) and then frozen at ⁇ 80 ° C. overnight.
- the frozen cells were dried for 2 days with a freeze dryer (Model 77400 manufactured by LABCONCO). 100 mg of the dried cells were weighed into a pressure-resistant test tube, 1.6 ml of chloroform was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight at room temperature.
- Methylation was carried out by adding 1.6 ml of methanol sulfuric acid and 100 ⁇ l of internal standard (benzoic acid 10 mg / CHCl 310 ml) to this bacterial cell / chloroform solution and refluxing in a water bath at 95 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the sample after completion of methylation was returned to room temperature and transferred to a disposable test tube having a diameter of 18 mm.
- 800 ⁇ l of Milli-Q water was added, stirred for about 30 seconds, and allowed to stand until it was separated into an aqueous layer and a solvent layer. After separation, the chloroform layer was separated with a Pasteur pipette, filtered into a 2 ml vial with a 0.22 ⁇ m PTFE filter, and subjected to GS / MS analysis.
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Abstract
Description
「生分解性プラスチックハンドブック」、生分解性プラスチック研究会編、1995年、第178-197頁、(株)エヌ・ティー・エス発行)
a)配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列の130番目、325番目、477番目及び481番目のアミノ酸の少なくとも1以上が他のアミノ酸に置換されたアミノ酸配列
b)a)に規定されるタンパク質において、さらに130番目、325番目、477番目及び481番目以外の1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失若しくは置換され、又は1若しくは数個のアミノ酸残基が挿入されたアミノ酸配列、
及び、工程1)の培養物から前記ポリ乳酸を回収する工程2)
を含む、ポリ乳酸の製造方法。
b)a)に規定されるタンパク質において、さらに130番目、325番目、477番目及び481番目以外の1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失若しくは置換され、又は1若しくは数個のアミノ酸残基が挿入されたアミノ酸配列
(8)プロピオン酸及び/又は乳酸にCoAが転移される反応を触媒するタンパク質のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列、又は配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列において1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列である、(7)に記載の組み換え微生物。
a)配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列の130番目、325番目、477番目及び481番目のアミノ酸の少なくとも1以上が他のアミノ酸に置換されたアミノ酸配列
b)a)に規定されるタンパク質において、さらに130番目、325番目、477番目及び481番目以外の1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失若しくは置換され、又は1若しくは数個のアミノ酸残基が挿入されたアミノ酸配列、
及び、工程1)の培養物から前記ポリ乳酸を回収する工程2)を含む、ポリ乳酸の製造方法である。以下、本発明で使用されるタンパク質、組み換え微生物、及び本発明の製造方法の諸条件について、説明する。
本発明で使用される「プロピオン酸及び/又はLAにCoAが転移される反応を触媒するタンパク質」は、適当なCoA基質からプロピオン酸及び/又はLAにCoAが転移される反応を触媒する活性を有するタンパク質である。かかる活性を有するタンパク質は、一般にプロピオニルCoAトランスフェラーゼ(PropionylCoA Transferase、PCT)と称されている。以下、本発明では、当該タンパク質をPCTと表すこととする。
本発明におけるポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の合成を触媒するタンパク質は、a)配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列の130番目、325番目、477番目及び481番目のアミノ酸の少なくとも1以上が他のアミノ酸に置換されたアミノ酸配列、又はb)a)に規定されるタンパク質において、さらに130番目、325番目、477番目及び481番目以外の1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失若しくは置換され、又は1若しくは数個のアミノ酸残基が挿入されたアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質である。a)で規定するタンパク質は、前記特許文献7に記載されている、シュードモナス・スピーシーズ(Pseudomonas sp.)61-3由来のポリヒドロキシアルカン酸合成酵素のアミノ酸配列の一部を変異させたタンパク質であり、b)で規定するタンパク質は、a)で規定するタンパク質にその活性を失わない程度にさらに追加の変異が導入されたものである。なお、b)に規定するタンパク質に関連して使用される用語「数個」とは、1~50個、好ましくは1~25個、より好ましくは10個以下をいう。以下、本発明におけるポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の合成を触媒するタンパク質をPhaCmと表し、また特許文献7の記載を全て本明細書に取り込むこととする。
上記1)~2)の各タンパク質は、それらをコードする核酸を微生物に導入して、当該微生物内でタンパク質に転写翻訳させて使用することが好ましい。微生物に導入される核酸は、ベクターに組み込まれた形態にあることが好ましい。
本発明における組み換え微生物としては、上記1)~2)のタンパク質を発現している微生物、好ましくは上記1)~2)のタンパク質を機能的に発現し得る核酸の導入によって形質転換された微生物である。好適な微生物としては、シュードモナス・エスピー(Pseudomonas sp.)61-3株などのシュードモナス(Pseudomonas)属細菌、R.ユートロファなどのラルストニア(Ralstonia)属細菌、バチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis)などのバチルス(Bacillus)属細菌、大腸菌(Escherichia coli)などのエシェリヒア(Escherichia)属細菌、コリネバクテリウム(Corynebacterium)属細菌、サッカロマイセス・セレビシー(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)などのサッカロマイセス(Saccharomyces)属酵母、カンジダ・マルトーサ(Candida maltosa)などのカンジダ(Candida)属酵母などを挙げることができる。中でも大腸菌、コリネバクテリウム属細菌、及びR.ユートロファが好ましく、特に好ましくは大腸菌、コリネバクテリウム属細菌である。
ポリ乳酸の製造は、前記の核酸が導入された組み換え微生物を、炭素源を含む培地で培養し、培養菌体又は培養物中にポリ乳酸を生成蓄積させ、該培養菌体又は培養物からポリ乳酸を回収することにより行われる。
1)組み換え微生物の作製
M.エルスデニ(M.elsdenii、ATCC17753)からDNeasy Tissue Kit(Qiagen社)を用いてゲノムDNAを抽出後、プロピオニルCoAトランスフェラーゼ(アクセッションNo.J04987)をコードする核酸をPCRで増幅するために、EcoRI認識配列を含むフォワードプライマーと、PstI認識配列を含むリバースプライマーのプライマーDNAを合成した。
M.エルスデニPCT用:
MePCTN:5’-atgagaaaagtagaaatcattac-3’
MePCTC:5’-ttattttttcagtcccatgggaccgtcctg-3’
C.プロピオニウムPCT用:
CpPCTN:5’-gggggccatgggaaaggttcccattattaccgcagatgag -3’
CpPCTC:5’-ggggggctcgagtcaggacttcatttccttcagacccat-3’
S.アウレウスPCT用:
SpctN:5’-gtgccatggaacaaatcacatggcacgac-3’
SpctC:5’-cacgaattcatactttatgaattgattg-3’
プラスミドpTV118N(宝酒造)をEcoRI及びPstIを用いて消化し、アルカリホスファターゼを用いて脱リン酸化した後、M.エルスデニ由来の前記DNAフラグメントを加えてライゲーションし、プロピオニルCoAトランスフェラーゼをコードするDNAを含む、約4.7kbpの組み換えプラスミドPTV118N M.E.-PCTを調製した。
得られた形質転換体の培養は、LB寒天培地上で形成したアクティブコロニーを100ml容三角フラスコに入った10mlのLB液体培地に植菌し、30℃でOD 0.6~1.0まで振盪培養(オリエンタル技研工業(株)製IFM型,130rpm)して生育した前培養菌液を、500ml容三角フラスコに入った200mlの本培養用培地に1%容量接種し振盪培養を行った。
i)GPC
2)で回収されたポリマー約1mgにクロロホルムを1mL加え、これを0.2μmPTFEフィルター(ADVANTEC)で濾過した溶液をサンプルとして、下記の条件でGPC測定を行った。
カラム :TSKgel-Super THZ-M(6.0mm×150mm)
溶離液 :CHCl3
流量 :0.8mL/分
温度 :40°
検出 :10A refractive index detector
サンプル量:10μL
測定された分子量分布曲線を図2に示す。分子量較正曲線は標準ポリスチレンを用いて作成し、標準ポリスチレン分子量の換算値で分子量を表した。その結果、ポリマーの分子量(Mw)は22,000であった。
前述した培養法により200ml培養を行い、得られた培養液を50mlファルコンチューブで集菌(3000×g,5min,RT)後、-80℃で一晩凍結した。この凍結菌体を、凍結乾燥機(LABCONCO社製Model 77400型)にて2日間乾燥した。この乾燥菌体のうち100mgを耐圧試験管へ量り取り、クロロホルム1.6mlを添加して一晩室温で静置した。この菌体/クロロホルム溶液に、メタノール硫酸(メタノール:硫酸=17:3の混合液)1.6ml、内部標準100μl(安息香酸10mg/CHCl310ml)を添加し、95℃のウォーターバス中で3時間リフラックスすることでメチル化を行った。メチル化終了後のサンプルは室温に戻し、Φ18mmのディスポ試験管に移した。ここに、ミリQ水を800μl加え、約30秒撹拌した後、水層と溶媒層に分離するまで静置した。分離後、クロロホルム層をパスツールピペットで分取し、0.22μm PTFEフィルターで2ml容バイアルビンへろ過し、分析に供した。
122-1063: 120℃で5分間ホールド、5℃/1分で昇温、300℃で10分ホールド
上記条件での分析結果及び乳酸メチルのMSスペクトルを図3A~Dに示す。なお、図3Dの結果のみ、クロロホルムを除去しないサンプルから取得されたものである。GC/MSの結果より、2)で回収されたポリマーはLAをモノマー単位として含むことが確認された。
2)で回収されたポリマーを重水素化クロロホルムに溶解してサンプルとし、300MHzで1H-NMR(図4)を測定した。その結果、2)で回収されたポリマーは乳酸をモノマー単位として含むことが判明した。
1)で作成した組み換えプラスミドPTV118N M.E.-PCT、PTV118N C.P.-PCT、及びPTV118N S.A.-PCTを用いて、大腸菌種W3110のコンピテントセルを形質転換した。
図7は上記ii)GC/MS分析からの乳酸誘導体の定量結果を示している。
実施例1で作製したプラスミドpTV118N‐PCT‐C1(ST/QK)に含まれるSTQKをコードする塩基配列を、下記のタンパク質をコードする塩基配列に置き換えた発現ベクターを作製した。当該発現ベクターの構成を纏めて図5に示す。
大腸菌W3110のコンピテントセルをpTV118N-PCT-C1を用いて形質転換し、得られた形質転換体の培養は、LB寒天培地上で形成したアクティブコロニーを100ml容三角フラスコに入った10mlのLB液体培地に植菌し、30℃でOD 0.6~1.0まで振盪培養(オリエンタル技研工業(株)製IFM型, 130rpm)して生育した前培養菌液を、500ml容三角フラスコに入った200mlの本培養用培地に1%容量接種し振盪培養を行った。
Claims (12)
- プロピオン酸及び/又は乳酸にCoAが転移される反応を触媒するタンパク質、及び下記のa)又はb)のアミノ酸配列からなるポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の合成反応を触媒するタンパク質を有する組み換え微生物を、炭素源を含む培地で培養する工程1):
a)配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列の130番目、325番目、477番目及び481番目のアミノ酸の少なくとも1以上が他のアミノ酸に置換されたアミノ酸配列
b)a)に規定されるタンパク質において、さらに130番目、325番目、477番目及び481番目以外の1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失若しくは置換され、又は1若しくは数個のアミノ酸残基が挿入されたアミノ酸配列、
及び、工程1)の培養物から前記ポリ乳酸を回収する工程2)
を含む、ポリ乳酸の製造方法。 - プロピオン酸及び/又は乳酸にCoAが転移される反応を触媒するタンパク質のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列、又は配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列において1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- プロピオン酸及び/又は乳酸にCoAが転移される反応を触媒するタンパク質のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号6に示されるアミノ酸配列、又は配列番号6に示されるアミノ酸配列において1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の合成反応を触媒するタンパク質のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列の325番目及び481番目のアミノ酸がそれぞれ他のアミノ酸に置換されたアミノ酸配列である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の合成反応を触媒するタンパク質のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列の325番目のSerがThrに、481番目のGlnがLysにそれぞれ置換されたアミノ酸配列である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記タンパク質のいずれもが、微生物に導入された組み換え発現ベクターにコードされているタンパク質である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- プロピオン酸及び/又は乳酸にCoAが転移される反応を触媒するタンパク質、及び下記のa)又はb)のアミノ酸配列からなるポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の合成反応を触媒するタンパク質を有する組み換え微生物。
a)配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列の130番目、325番目、477番目及び481番目のアミノ酸の少なくとも1以上が他のアミノ酸に置換されたアミノ酸配列
b)a)に規定されるタンパク質において、さらに130番目、325番目、477番目及び481番目以外の1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失若しくは置換され、又は1若しくは数個のアミノ酸残基が挿入されたアミノ酸配列 - プロピオン酸及び/又は乳酸にCoAが転移される反応を触媒するタンパク質のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列、又は配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列において1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列である、請求項7に記載の組み換え微生物。
- プロピオン酸及び/又は乳酸にCoAが転移される反応を触媒するタンパク質のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号6に示されるアミノ酸配列、又は配列番号6に示されるアミノ酸配列において1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列である、請求項7に記載の組み換え微生物。
- ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の合成反応を触媒するタンパク質のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列の325番目及び481番目のアミノ酸がそれぞれ他のアミノ酸に置換されたアミノ酸配列である、請求項7に記載の組み換え微生物。
- ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の合成反応を触媒するタンパク質のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列の325番目のSerがThrに、481番目のGlnがLysにそれぞれ置換されたアミノ酸配列である、請求項7に記載の組み換え微生物。
- 前記タンパク質をコードする遺伝子を有する組み換え発現ベクターが導入されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の組み換え微生物。
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2009
- 2009-10-27 JP JP2010535801A patent/JP5738594B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-27 EP EP15177965.9A patent/EP2963120B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-10-27 EP EP09823580.7A patent/EP2377945B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-10-27 CN CN2009801424380A patent/CN102197140B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-27 WO PCT/JP2009/068402 patent/WO2010050470A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-10-27 US US13/126,157 patent/US8748137B2/en active Active
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011013352A1 (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-02-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Recombinant microorganism and method for producing aliphatic polyester with the use of the same |
WO2012008023A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-01-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 変異型ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸シンターゼ遺伝子及びこれを用いた脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法 |
JP5288007B2 (ja) * | 2010-07-14 | 2013-09-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 変異型ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸シンターゼ遺伝子及びこれを用いた脂肪族ポリエステルの製造方法 |
US8802402B2 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2014-08-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Mutant polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase gene and method for producing aliphatic polyester using the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2377945A1 (en) | 2011-10-19 |
EP2963120A1 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
US20110212497A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
US8748137B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 |
CN102197140B (zh) | 2013-12-25 |
JPWO2010050470A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
EP2377945B1 (en) | 2015-09-02 |
EP2963120B1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
CN102197140A (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
EP2377945A4 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
JP5738594B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 |
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