Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
  • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
  • G01N33/2888—Lubricating oil characteristics, e.g. deterioration
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
  • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
  • G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
  • G01N33/2858—Metal particles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
  • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
  • G01N33/30—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids for lubricating properties

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of measuring, continuously or discontinuously, the evolution of the quality of a lubricant circulating in industrial equipment.
• the invention relates more specifically to a device for measuring the evolution of the characteristics of a lubricant in an industrial equipment, such as a material in operation, for example a motor or a machine.
• the present invention also relates to a method for controlling the operation of an industrial equipment, for example an engine, in particular a thermal engine, or a machine, for example a rotating machine, by monitoring the quality of its lubricant.
• an industrial equipment for example an engine, in particular a thermal engine, or a machine, for example a rotating machine, by monitoring the quality of its lubricant.
• the present invention relates to the control of marine engines, for example four-stroke type or two-stroke, by the analysis of circulating oils and / or recovered in said engines.
• a lubricant is generally used in many industrial equipment, in fact in virtually all engines and machines. Said lubricant can in particular contribute to many essential functions, such as: the reduction of energy consumption,
• the machines may be generators, turbines, in particular gas or steam turbines, gearboxes, multipliers, hydraulic presses, machine tools, compressors, transformers, or even thermal equipment using oil circuits. hot.
• the motors may be industrial equipment installed in any mobile system of the so-called "automotive" domain, for example in ships, trucks, vehicles, competition cars, agricultural equipment, handling equipment and / or transport, coaches or trains.
• 4-stroke engines can have a fast or semi-fast cycle.
• Engines of the first type are low to moderate horsepower motors (15 to 200 kW per cylinder) derived from land-based engines and using distillate-type fuels such as low-sulfur marine diesel. Their operating speed is in general of the order of 1200 revolutions per minute. These engines are used for the propulsion of small vessels and as power generation units on larger vessels.
• Semi-fast four-stroke marine engines are medium-to-high horsepower (500 to 2,000 kW per cylinder) engines of similar design to fast four-stroke engines, but differ from the latter in their larger size.
• piston cylinder assembly These engines generally use a fuel called bunker fuel or heavy fuel oil (Heavy Fuel OiZ) which, because of its high sulfur content, requires a lubricant with a basic base number (BN), which is generally between 30 and 65 mg of KOH / g of lubricant.
• BN basic base number
• the operating speed of the semi-fast four-stroke marine engines is between 300 and 600 revolutions per minute. These engines are used for the propulsion of many ships, such as Ro-Ro units, cargo ships, tankers, ferries and even some container carriers. They can also be used as power generation units on large ships or in diesel power plants.
• Four-stroke marine engines have a very different operation from that of two-stroke marine engines, especially with regard to their lubrication mode. Indeed, two-stroke marine engines are very slow engines, from high to very high power range (2000 to 6000 kW per cylinder).
• bunker fuel which, because of its very high sulfur content, generally requires total base number (BN) cylinder oils of up to 100 mg KOH / g. oil.
• BN total base number
• the lubricant While circulating through the internal circuits of engines or machines the lubricant will collect contamination and / or wear materials of said engines or machines. As a result, the lubricant will degrade more or less rapidly during the operation of the industrial equipment. The lubricant therefore contains a lot of valuable information on the operation of the engine or the machine, on any contamination, on its mechanical state and consequently on its present and future functional performance.
• the various degradations and / or contaminations of the lubricant during service in the engine or the machine can lead to corrosions and / or irreversible damage to the sensitive parts of the engine or the machine, leading, for example, to the modification of the BN of the lubricant. , the modification of its viscosity, the appearance of metal particles, the evolution of the water content of the lubricant, etc.
• These acid gases can be formed from the combustion of fuel oils, in particular sulfur oxides (SO2, SO3) which are then hydrolyzed when in contact with the moisture present in the combustion gases and / or in the oil . This hydrolysis generates sulfurous acid (HSO3) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
• SO2, SO3 sulfur oxides
• H2SO4 sulfuric acid
• the acids formed must be neutralized, especially to preserve the surface of the shirts and to avoid excessive corrosive wear. This is usually done by reaction with basic sites included in the lubricant.
• the neutralization capacity of an oil can be determined by its BN or Base Number in English, characterizing its basicity. It is usually measured according to standard ASTM D-2896 and is expressed in equivalent weight of potash per gram of oil, or mg of
• the BN is a standard criterion for adjusting the basicity of oils to the sulfur content of fuel oil used as a motor fuel, in order to neutralize the sulfur contained in said fuel and likely to be converted into sulfuric acid.
• the higher the sulfur content of a fuel oil the higher the BN of a marine oil.
• marine oils of BN varying, for example, from 5 to 100 mg KOH / g are found on the market. There is therefore a need to adjust the BN of the lubricant to the sulfur content of the fuel used.
• environmental concerns have led, in some areas and in particular coastal areas, to more stringent requirements for limiting the level of sulfur in fuel oils used on ships.
• the switching between these two categories of fuel oil may require adaptation of the operating conditions of the engine, in particular the implementation of suitable cylinder lubricants.
• a first solution to optimize the cylinder lubrication of a slow two-stroke engine is then the selection of the lubricant with a BN adapted to the fuel oil and the operating conditions of the engine.
• This optimization reduces the operating flexibility of the engine and requires a high degree of technical skill of the crew in defining the conditions under which switching from one type of lubricant to another must be achieved.
• Another alternative is to have a single lubricant and optimize the operating conditions of the engine (lubrication rate or other combustion parameters) depending on the fuel used.
• This optimization could be achieved by a continuous or batch analysis of the BN of the lubricant in order to maintain the required adequacy between said BN of said lubricant and the sulfur content of the fuel supplying the engine; the objective obviously being to avoid the operation of the BN motor too low which is responsible for irreversible corrosion of the engine piston piston-sensitive parts and a rapid deterioration of the functional performance of the lubricant inside the cylinder.
• the mechanical wear of a four-stroke or two-stroke engine must be controlled and, above all, controlled by analyzing certain physicochemical or intrinsic characteristics of its lubricant.
• certain metals not limiting Fe, Pb, Ni, Cr, Al, Cu, Sb, Ag
• the presence of this (these) compound (s) can mean a phenomenon of tearing in the sensitive parts of the engine, thus resulting in a destruction partial or even significant engine.
• the control of the viscosity of the lubricant also makes it possible to rapidly detect the pollution of said lubricant with another fluid, for example the fuel, the fuel, the coolant or another lubricant.
• the lubricant circulating in a machine or a motor therefore contributes to providing many functions essential to the operation of an engine or a machine, but it will suffer damage during said operation as indicated above. It is therefore necessary to monitor the characteristics of the lubricant in use in order to prevent corrosions, damage or damage to machinery and / or engines.
• the analyzes are relatively simple to carry out with these "mini-laboratories", on the other hand the analysis techniques are limited, the periodicity of the measurements is generally of a few days to a week and especially they require a manpower trained and qualified to ship's edge.
• EP1485696 describes a method for determining the total alkalinity index (TBN) of a marine engine lubricant in 3 steps: a) measuring the infrared absorption band from 840 to 910 cm -1, b) determining the value of the absorbance for at least one peak of interest within said band frequency, and c) calculating the TBN of the lubricant based on the value of the peak absorbance from a calculated baseline.
• WO 03/048763 describes a method for determining the contaminants in a lubricant of a marine diesel engine. This method requires four actions of the operator: a) obtaining a UV spectrum for a so-called reference sample with known properties and containing contaminants in known quantities, b) the development of a calibration model, c) the measurements on the samples under the same conditions, d) the calculation of the concentration of the contaminants.
• the object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of these disadvantages by proposing a device and a method for obtaining directly on the lubricant in service, analysis results continuously or discontinuously, to ensure the early detection of a degradation, a contamination of the lubricant and thus allow the optimization and / or the control of the operation of a machine or an engine, in particular thermal, and more precisely marine, from the monitoring of the quality of its lubricant.
• the present invention can make it possible to provide three essential functions: 1 / the restitution of numerous measurements (BN, viscosity, water content, particle content, etc.),
• the device Due to its small footprint on the one hand, and its high modularity on the other hand, the device is easily adaptable on virtually all engines or machines.
• a first object of the invention relates to a device for monitoring, continuously or discontinuously, the evolution of quality.
• a lubricant circulating in an industrial equipment comprising, or consisting essentially of: a lubricant distribution assembly of the type comprising at least one channeling module of said lubricant disposed on the body of said dispensing assembly, at least a functional component of the measurement type for the determination of at least one physicochemical characteristic or an intrinsic characteristic of the lubricant connected to said duct module, at least one system for measuring the signal generated by said functional component, and less an automated system for controlling at least one functional or compositional parameter, respectively on the industrial equipment or the lubricant.
• a lubricant distribution assembly of the type comprising at least one channeling module of said lubricant disposed on the body of said dispensing assembly, at least a functional component of the measurement type for the determination of at least one physicochemical characteristic or an intrinsic characteristic of the lubricant connected to said duct module, at least one system for measuring
• a body comprising at least one planar face on which at least one lubricant channeling module is arranged; a passage for the lubricant provided inside the body,
• a calibrated filter located inside the dispensing assembly for filtering the lubricating fluid before it enters the functional component and optionally,
• a lubricant preparation device for a specific analysis connected to an additional pipe module, fixed on the body of the distribution assembly.
• the dimensions of the dispensing assembly, support of the functional component can range from 100 mm to 300 mm for its length, and from 20 mm to 70 mm for its width, as well as its height.
• the footprint is therefore limited and may be less than or equal to 300 mm x 70 mm x 70 mm.
• the channel module is attached to the flat face of the body of the distribution assembly in accordance with ANSI / ISA-76.00.02-2002 and more recently IEC 62339-1: 2006.
• the dispensing assembly may include a sample preparation device, in particular arranged on a pipeline module.
• This distribution set can be a unit of sample heating or cooling, pressure reduction, control and / or flow control, specific filtration to prepare the sample for a particular analysis or multiple analyzes according to the parameter (s) (s) to measure.
• At least one functional component is connected to a pipeline module in accordance with NESSI (New Sampling and Sensor Initiative) recommendations for sampling systems.
• NESSI New Sampling and Sensor Initiative
• this functional component may be a micro-sensor or a microanalysisr, also called in the MEMs technique (Micro Electro Mechanical System) or NEM (Nano Electro Mechanical)
• the microsensor or the microanalyser is adapted to a pipeline module.
• microanalysers are marketed, for example, by the Schlumberger or Vectron MEM companies, in particular under the trade names Excalibur or ViSmart TM, respectively.
• the physico-chemical and / or intrinsic characteristics measured on the lubricant can be of different natures, for example:
• the BN measurement that can be used to check the lubricant's ability to protect the sensitive parts of the engine against the effects of acid corrosion due to the sulfur content of the fuel oil
• the measurement of iron particles, iron content or other metals, present in the lubricant which can make it possible to check the good functioning of the engine (when there are levels of very low levels of the measurements) or to detect a beginning of mechanical disorder related to the tearing of metal in the mechanical parts (when the levels of the measured contents increase significantly) which can be very sensitive and essential for the proper functioning of the engine
• measurement of the water content, free water and / or dissolved water which can make it possible to assess the normal functioning of the engine (or the machine) and auxiliaries of the lubricant circuit, for example continuous filtration.
• the water-water separation is carried out by addition of oil and / or additionally by centrifugation.
• This last measure can in particular detect an accidental cause due to a water inlet clean to the engine, or specific to the refrigerant circuit of the lubricant, or due to a malfunction of ancillary equipment filtration, separation and treatment of the lubricant.
• each microanalyzer is chosen for the determination of one or more characteristic (s) well-defined (s). There can therefore be as many microanalysers as characteristics, or set of physico-chemical or intrinsic characteristics to control. In particular, each physico-chemical or intrinsic measured characteristic is associated with a particular microanalyzer or micro-sensor.
• an electronic and / or computer system for measuring the signal or signals generated by said microanalysers, makes it possible to format and quantify said signals, ultimately, their exploitation in an automated control system of at least a functional parameter and / or composition, respectively on the industrial equipment and / or lubricant.
• These results are then used to act on, for example, the lubrication rate, the engine load, the operation of a piston in the case of a two-stroke engine, the renewal (which can be partial) of the oil charge a four-stroke engine or any parameter controlling the operation of the engine or machine.
• the dispensing assembly of the device according to the invention is disposed on a pipe located downstream of the engine representative of the product on which the control must be exercised.
• the lubricant can be taken from a pressure point of the lubrication circuit, for example several bars.
• the supply of the lubricant dispensing assembly can be a pressure point of the industrial equipment.
• the sampled oil is introduced into the distribution assembly, analyzed by at least one microanalyzer, and then reinjected into said lubrication circuit.
• two similar devices may be arranged upstream and downstream of the industrial equipment.
• a similar distribution assembly can be equipped in the same way filter and functional component (s) and be arranged upstream of the engine or machine. This can make it possible to quantify more precisely, by means of an analysis of the results before and after the industrial equipment, for example a wear rate of said industrial equipment, or a monitoring of the proper functioning of the auxiliary circuits and of the treatment of the lubricant (cooling, filtration or possible pollution by water or other fluid).
• the small dimensions and the significant modularity of the device and, more specifically, of the support distribution assembly of the ducting module or modules, itself or themselves (s) support (s) of at least one functional component, can allow a location of said distribution assembly in situ on the marine engine, that is to say closer to the industrial equipment.
• the invention also relates to a method of controlling an industrial equipment comprising the circulation of a lubricant, alone or as a mixture, said control being achieved by monitoring, continuously or discontinuously, at least one physico-chemical characteristic or intrinsically of said circulating lubricant, in which - the lubricant is introduced continuously or discontinuously in the device according to the invention,
• At least one physicochemical and / or intrinsic characteristic of said lubricant is measured by an analysis means connected to a channel module disposed on the body of a distribution assembly, and
• the measured value (s) is (are) processed by computer means and then restored (in the form of appropriate signals) in order to control, depending on the nature and response of the measured characteristic, functional parameters respectively on the industrial equipment and / or the lubricant.
• the continuous monitoring of at least one physicochemical characteristic is a real-time, uninterrupted response of the measured by the microanalyzer. This is the case for monitoring the quality of the lubricating oil of four-stroke semi-rapid four-stroke marine engines with fast or slow two-stroke for system oils.
• the discontinuous monitoring of at least one physico-chemical characteristic is a cyclic response of the quantity measured by the microanalyzer.
• a slow two-stroke marine engine for which the distribution assembly is first filled by the lubricant , then isolated from the circuit of said lubricant, to allow analysis by the micro sensor or the microanalyzer.
• a new cycle is then repeated, spaced a few tens of seconds, or even minutes or just hours, depending on the type of measurement (s) to be made in accordance with the type (s) of phenomenon (s) engine or machine to detect or monitor.
• the lubricant sampled can be reinjected continuously after analysis in the lubrication circuit of the industrial equipment.
• Continuous monitoring of at least one physicochemical or intrinsic characteristic can be carried out in particular for the lubricating oils of the four-stroke semi-rapid to fast marine engines and the low-temperature two-stroke engine oils.
• the batchwise tracking of at least one physicochemical or intrinsic characteristic can be achieved for the cylinder oils of marine engines two slow times.
• the functional parameter of the industrial equipment may be the power of the engine, the nature of the lubricant and / or the lubrication rate.
• the invention finally relates to the use of the device and method that are the subject of the present invention on board a ship for controlling the operation of an engine, in particular a four-stroke engine that is semi-fast to fast or a slow two-stroke engine.
• the subject of the invention is the use of the device or method according to the invention to make it possible to optimize certain operating parameters, such as the engine lubrication rate, in particular in the case of two engines. - slow times.
• the subject of the invention is the use of the device or method according to the invention for optimizing the value of the BN of the lubricant, in particular as a function of the rate of sulfur measured, for example in real time, on fuel, especially fuel oil.
• the subject of the invention is the use of the device or method according to the invention for optimizing the formulation of the lubricant continuously, that is to say in real time and according to the results. measurements by the micro-sensors, and / or microanalysers, and thus reduce the lubricant consumption to the minimum level required for the proper functioning of the engine or equipment, and also improve the environmental impact by reducing emissions in the air.
• This optimization can in particular be carried out according to the sulfur content measured in the fuel oil.
• this variant can be more easily achieved to the extent that the ship has a mixing unit (base oil / additives / booster ).
• the invention can also be used, for example, for controlling the operation of a machine, for example rotating, or simply because of its small dimensions, the on-board control of the operation of an automobile engine, or even competition for its use at the limits of its mechanical performance.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention applied for example to four-stroke marine engines and system oils of slow two-stroke engines. or any type of lubrication system of industrial equipment operating with a pressurized lubricant.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention applied for example to two-stroke marine engines, and more precisely to the analytical monitoring of the cylinder oils of these engines, said oils being recovered at the bottom of said cylinder in the form of dripping oils. . More generally, this is an analysis performed on a fluid recovered by discontinuous drips at atmospheric pressure, drips whose analytical monitoring allows optimization.
• the device comprises: a distribution assembly (2) arranged downstream of a marine engine (M), at least one duct module (6) disposed on the body of the distribution assembly (2), - at least one functional component (8). connected to the channel module (6), at least one measuring system (10) of the signal generated by the functional component (8), at least one automated control system (12) of at least one functional parameter or composition, respectively on the industrial equipment (here the marine engine) or the lubricant in circulation.
• M marine engine
• duct module (6) disposed on the body of the distribution assembly (2)
• the device comprises: a distribution assembly (2) arranged downstream of a marine engine (M), at least one duct module (6) disposed on the body of the distribution assembly (2), - at
• the lubricant is taken continuously from a point (A) of the engine lubrication circuit (M). At point (A) the pressure may vary, for example, from 1 to 5 bar.
• the lubricant sampling point is here unique and located downstream of the engine (M).
• the lubricant is introduced, through the pipe (1), into the distribution assembly (2), said dispensing assembly (2) being by-passed through the pipe (3), in which the lubricant circulates, to ensure the flow rate correct in the engine lubrication circuit (M).
• the lubricant is reinjected into the lubrication circuit (in this case a closed circuit) via the pipe (4).
• the dispensing assembly (2) consists of a body (5) on which and more precisely on one of its flat faces, is fixed a channeling module (6).
• This duct module (6) allows the lubricant supply to analyze the functional component (8).
• a filter (7) may be present, and in particular be arranged in the longitudinal axis of the distribution assembly, this filter making it possible to ensure the filtration of the lubricant before its introduction into the channeling module (6) and ultimately into the functional component (8).
• the distribution assembly (2) may consist of several planar faces on which are arranged several channeling modules (6), themselves connected to several functional components (8), also called microsensors or microanalysers or MEMs or Spring rolls. This last configuration allows, from a very small analysis space, to obtain the answers of several microanalysers, that is to say the responses of the measurements of several physicochemical or intrinsic characteristics determined in real time on the lubricant.
• the functional component (8) emits a signal representative of the characteristic being measured which will be shaped in the said measuring system (10) to then control the automated system (12) via the electrical connection (1 1).
• the device according to the present invention consists of: a distribution assembly (20), at least one duct module (21) disposed on the body of the dispensing assembly (20), at least one functional component (22) connected to the duct module (21), at least one measuring system (23) ) of the signal generated by the functional component (22), at least one automated control system (24) of at least one functional or compositional parameter, respectively on the industrial equipment or the lubricant in circulation, at least one device ( 29) for exerting pressure on the lubricant within the dispensing assembly.
• a single cylinder (C) of the two-stroke engine (M) is shown in FIG. 2, but the device described applies to each of the cylinders of the marine engine.
• the cylinder (C) of the two-stroke marine engine (M) is supplied with new oil via the pipe (26); the lubrication system of the cylinder being of the lost lubricant type, also called "lost lubrication" in the profession.
• the oil dripping, contaminated by the products of combustion, is taken at the low point (A) of the cylinder, at atmospheric pressure, and flows discontinuously through the pipe (25) in the distribution assembly (20). via a collector (27).
• the flow rate in the manifold (27) can vary, for example, from 0.1 to 30% of the initial greasing rate.
• a pre-treatment device for the dripping oil (28) is arranged in the collection system (27) for example to exert a first filtration of the lubricant before its analysis.
• the analysis cycle consists of the following steps: a) the slop exit (34) is isolated in order to allow the filling of the analysis device (20).
• a continuous purge of the analysis device (20) can be achieved by the arrival of the product to be analyzed before the closure of the slop outlet (34), b) when the entire analysis device (20) is Filled in a minimum of time thanks to the need for low volumes useful for the micro sensors or microanalysers, a device (29) automatically isolates the arrival of oil dripping, c) as for the s four-stroke engines component function (22) transmits a signal representative of the characteristic being measured, which will be shaped in the measuring system (23), via the electrical connection (30), to then control the automated system (24) via the electrical connection (31). ).
• the slop output (34) is opened in order to drain the analysis device (20), d) after this emptying, the analysis cycle is reset with the closing of the output at the slop (34).
• information for tracking and optimization is sent to the motor M via the link (32) or, if the ship is equipped for example with an automated assembly of the engine lubrication rate, orders to change this lubrication rate via the electrical connection (33).
• the device and method which are the subject of the present invention, make it possible to reduce lubricant consumption at the level minimum required, to control the functioning of the engine in order to exploit it at the optimal level, but also to detect effectively a variation of the BN, a variation of the viscosity, a start of tearing of metal, a water inlet accidental in the lubricant circuit and thus be able to react quickly before the aggravation of the phenomenon that can lead to more or less partial destruction of the engine and the immobilization of said engine or equipment and ultimately, the immobilization of the ship in high sea.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
• Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-10-22 FR FR0805846A patent/FR2937422B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2009
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