WO2010007867A1 - Iii族窒化物結晶の製造方法およびiii族窒化物結晶 - Google Patents
Iii族窒化物結晶の製造方法およびiii族窒化物結晶 Download PDFInfo
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- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/38—Nitrides
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- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
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- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
- C30B23/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B23/025—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
- C30B23/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B23/06—Heating of the deposition chamber, the substrate or the materials to be evaporated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a group III nitride crystal and a group III nitride crystal, for example, a method for producing an aluminum nitride (AlN) crystal and an AlN crystal.
- a method for producing a group III nitride crystal and a group III nitride crystal for example, a method for producing an aluminum nitride (AlN) crystal and an AlN crystal.
- the AlN crystal has attracted attention as a substrate material for optical devices and electronic devices because it has an energy band gap of 6.2 eV, a thermal conductivity of about 3.3 WK ⁇ 1 cm ⁇ 1 and a high electrical resistance. .
- a sublimation method is used as a method for growing a group III nitride semiconductor crystal such as an AlN crystal.
- the sublimation method include a method of growing by natural nucleation without using a base substrate and a method of growing using a base substrate. In the growth by natural nucleation, it is difficult to stably grow a large group III nitride semiconductor crystal.
- Patent Document 1 US Pat. No. 5,858,086
- Patent Document 2 US Pat. No. 6,296,956
- Patent Document 3 US Pat. No. 001,748
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 describe that the following steps are performed. That is, a raw material is installed at the lower part of the crucible, and a base substrate such as an SiC substrate is installed at the upper part of the crucible so as to face each other. Then, the raw material is heated to a temperature at which the raw material sublimes. By this heating, the raw material is sublimated to generate a sublimation gas, and an AlN crystal is grown on the surface of the base substrate placed at a lower temperature than the raw material.
- the AlN crystal is grown at a growth rate of 0.5 mm / hr.
- it is necessary to heat the temperature of the raw material to a high temperature.
- the temperature of the base substrate also increases. For this reason, the SiC substrate as a base substrate will deteriorate. For this reason, there is a problem that an AlN crystal having a sufficient thickness cannot be grown.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state where the AlN crystal 213 is grown at a low temperature.
- AlN grains grow on the main surface 211 a of the base substrate 211, but the grain directions are irregular as indicated by arrows 212. For this reason, the main surface 213a, which is the growth surface of the AlN crystal 213, is not uniform, and a recess 213b is formed. Further, there may be a non-growth region 213d where no AlN crystal grows on the main surface 211a of the base substrate 211.
- the recess 213b is formed on the main surface 213a of the AlN crystal 213 grown in this way or the non-growth region 213d is formed, a plurality of AlN substrates are sufficiently formed by slicing parallel to the growth direction. I can't.
- the grain orientation is irregular, orientation misalignment is likely to occur and polycrystals are likely to occur.
- the AlN crystal 213 under the recess 213b has a problem that defects 213c are likely to occur and the crystallinity is poor.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to produce a Group III nitride crystal having a large thickness and growing a high-quality Group III nitride crystal, and Group III nitridation. It is to provide physical crystals.
- the present inventor has found that the recess 213b and the defect 213c are generated when the AlN crystal 213 as a group III nitride crystal is grown as shown in FIG. It has been found that it is caused by the fact that it is a (0001) plane (c-plane). Further, as a result of earnest research on the reason, the present inventor has found that the crystallinity of the c-plane of the group III nitride crystal is not stable.
- the method for producing a group III nitride crystal of the present invention includes the following steps. First, a base substrate having a main surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane is prepared. Then, a group III nitride crystal is grown on the main surface of the base substrate by vapor phase growth.
- a group III nitride crystal is grown on the main surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane.
- the crystal orientation of the growth surface of the group III nitride crystal grown on the main surface of the base substrate inherits the crystal orientation of the main surface of the base substrate. For this reason, since the growth surface of the group III nitride crystal is a surface with stable crystallinity, it is possible to suppress the formation of a surface on which grains are grown irregularly. That is, a group III nitride crystal can be grown while having a uniform growth surface.
- the main surface of the base substrate is a surface inclined from -5 ° to 5 ° from the ⁇ 01-10 ⁇ plane.
- the present inventor has found that a very stable surface of the group III nitride crystal is easily obtained on the main surface of the base substrate tilted by ⁇ 5 ° to 5 ° from the ⁇ 01-10 ⁇ plane. . For this reason, a group III nitride crystal having a high quality and a large thickness can be manufactured more stably.
- the group III nitride crystal in the step of growing, is grown at 1600 ° C. or higher and lower than 1950 ° C.
- the raw material of the group III nitride crystal can be easily converted into a gas phase and supplied to the base substrate. Further, when the temperature is 1600 ° C. or higher, the ⁇ 01-10 ⁇ plane is stable, so that a higher quality group III nitride crystal can be obtained. When the temperature is 1900 ° C. or lower, deterioration such as vaporization and decomposition of the base substrate can be effectively suppressed. For this reason, a group III nitride crystal having a large thickness can be grown.
- a SiC substrate is prepared as a base substrate.
- the SiC substrate is a material having a small lattice constant difference from the group III nitride crystal and high heat resistance, a high-quality and large group III nitride crystal can be manufactured more stably.
- the preparing step includes a step of preparing a base group III nitride crystal grown with the (0001) plane as a main surface, and the base group III nitride. Cutting the base substrate from the crystal.
- the group III nitride crystal can be used as the base substrate.
- the group III nitride crystal of the base substrate has no or very small lattice constant difference from the group III nitride crystal to be grown. For this reason, it is possible to stably produce a group III nitride crystal having a higher quality and a larger thickness.
- a group III nitride crystal having a thickness of 1 mm or more is grown in the growing step.
- the above-described effects of the present invention remarkably appear.
- a plurality of group III nitride crystals can be produced from the grown group III nitride crystals.
- the cost of the plurality of group III nitride crystals can be reduced.
- the preparing step includes a step of flattening the main surface of the base substrate.
- the method for producing a group III nitride crystal further includes a step of cutting the group III nitride crystal so as to have a nonpolar surface as a main surface.
- the group III nitride crystal is high quality and has a large thickness, a plurality of group III nitride crystals having a nonpolar surface as the main surface can be cut out. Thereby, the several group III nitride crystal which has a nonpolar surface as a main surface can be manufactured.
- the group III nitride crystal of the present invention is a group III nitride crystal produced by the method for producing a group III nitride crystal described above, and has a dislocation density of 5 ⁇ 10 6 cm ⁇ 2 or less. is doing.
- the group III nitride crystal of the present invention is manufactured by the above method for manufacturing a group III nitride crystal. For this reason, since the formation of a growth surface having irregular grains is suppressed, a group III nitride crystal having a low dislocation density as described above can be realized.
- the group III nitride is formed on the main surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane, which is a stable crystallinity surface. Since a material crystal is grown, a high-quality group III nitride crystal having a large thickness can be grown.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a group III nitride crystal in the present embodiment.
- a group III nitride crystal 10 in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- group III nitride crystal 10 in the present embodiment has a main surface 10a.
- the main surface 10a is, for example, a nonpolar surface.
- the nonpolar plane is a plane in a direction orthogonal to a polar plane such as the c plane, and examples thereof include ⁇ 1-100 ⁇ plane (m plane) and ⁇ 11-20 ⁇ plane (a plane). It is done.
- Group III nitride crystal 10 preferably has a dislocation density of 5 ⁇ 10 6 cm ⁇ 2 or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 5 cm ⁇ 2 or less. In this case, characteristics can be improved when a device is fabricated using the group III nitride crystal 10.
- the dislocation density can be measured, for example, by counting the number of pits formed by etching in molten KOH (potassium hydroxide) and dividing by the unit area.
- Group III nitride crystal 10 is, for example, an Al x Ga (1-x) N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) crystal, and is preferably an AlN crystal.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for producing a group III nitride crystal in the present embodiment. Next, with reference to FIG. 3, a method for manufacturing group III nitride crystal 10 in the present embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the base substrate in the present embodiment.
- a base substrate 11 having a main surface 11a inclined from the (0001) plane in the ⁇ 1-100> direction is prepared (step S10).
- the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 may have a region including a surface other than a surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane, but the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane. It is preferable that the inclined surface appears regularly in a wide area.
- the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 it is very preferable that the surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane appears regularly in most regions.
- the ⁇ 1-100> direction means the [1-100] direction, [10-10] direction, [-1100] direction, [-1010] direction, [01-10] direction, and [0-110] direction. Is included.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the crystal orientation of the base substrate 11 in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram in which the crystal orientation of FIG. 4 is simplified.
- the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 is inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane.
- the (0001) plane of the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 is inclined toward the ⁇ 1-100 ⁇ plane.
- An example of such a main surface 11a is the (10-11) plane (s-plane) as shown in FIG.
- the ⁇ 1-100 ⁇ plane is the ⁇ 1-100 ⁇ plane, ⁇ 10-10 ⁇ plane, ⁇ -1100 ⁇ plane, ⁇ -1010 ⁇ plane, ⁇ 01-10 ⁇ plane, and ⁇ 0-110 ⁇ plane Is included.
- the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 is preferably inclined from 0.1 ° to less than 80 ° in the ⁇ 1-100> (m-axis) direction from the c-plane.
- the angle x inclined from the (0001) plane toward the ⁇ 1-100 ⁇ plane is preferably 0.1 ° or more and less than 80 °.
- the crystallinity is more stable.
- the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 is preferably a surface inclined from ⁇ 5 ° to 5 ° from the ⁇ 01-10 ⁇ plane, and from ⁇ 0.5 ° to 0.5 ° from the ⁇ 01-10 ⁇ plane. More preferably, the surface is inclined at an angle of 0 ° or less.
- the angle y inclined from the ⁇ 01-10 ⁇ plane such as the (10-11) plane toward the ⁇ 1-100 ⁇ plane is ⁇ 5 ° or more and 5 ° or less. It is preferably ⁇ 0.5 ° or more and 0.5 ° or less.
- the growth surface of the group III nitride crystal to be grown becomes more stable.
- the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 is preferably in the vicinity of the ⁇ 10-11 ⁇ plane. In this case, the growth surface of the group III nitride crystal to be grown becomes very stable.
- the main surface 11a is not particularly limited as long as it is inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane, and may be further inclined in any direction other than the ⁇ 1-100> direction.
- the tilt angle in this arbitrary direction is preferably in the range of ⁇ 5 ° to 5 °, for example.
- the base substrate 11 may be a crystal having the same composition as the group III nitride crystal to be grown or a crystal having a different composition.
- SiC, sapphire, or the like may be used.
- the crystal system of the base substrate 11 is preferably hexagonal.
- the SiC substrate is a material having a small difference in lattice constant from a group III nitride crystal to be grown and a strong high temperature resistance.
- the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 has a size of 2 inches or more, for example. Thereby, a large-diameter group III nitride crystal can be grown.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which a group III nitride crystal is grown in the present embodiment.
- a group III nitride crystal 13 is grown on the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 by a vapor phase growth method (step S20).
- the vapor phase growth method is not particularly limited. Sublimation method, HVPE (Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy) method, MBE (Molecular Beam tax Epitaxy) method, MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition: Metalorganic chemistry
- a vapor deposition method may be used.
- the sublimation method is suitably used.
- a group III nitride crystal having a thickness T13 of preferably 1 mm or more, more preferably 5 mm or more is grown. That is, in the present embodiment, it is preferable to grow a group III nitride bulk crystal. This is preferable when growing a group II nitride bulk crystal because the effects of the present invention are remarkably exhibited. Although there is no upper limit in particular in thickness T13, it is 50 mm or less from a viewpoint which can be manufactured easily, for example.
- the group III nitride crystal 13 is grown preferably at 1600 ° C. or higher and lower than 1950 ° C., more preferably 1600 ° C. or higher and lower than 1900 ° C., and even more preferably 1650 ° C. or higher and lower than 1900 ° C.
- the temperature is 1600 ° C. or higher, for example, when the group III nitride crystal 13 is grown by a sublimation method, the raw material can be easily sublimated.
- the temperature is 1650 ° C. or higher, the raw material can be sublimated more easily.
- the growth temperature means the temperature of the base substrate 11 when, for example, the group III nitride crystal 13 is grown by the sublimation method.
- the growth surface of the group III nitride crystal 13 grown in step S ⁇ b> 20 inherits the crystal orientation of the main surface 11 a of the base substrate 11. Therefore, the group III nitride crystal 13 has a main surface 13a inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which a plurality of group III nitride crystals 10 are cut out from group III nitride crystal 13 in the present embodiment.
- group III nitride crystal 10 having main surface 10a is cut out from group III nitride crystal 13 (step S30).
- the growth surface (main surface 13a) of group III nitride crystal 13 is inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane. For this reason, in order to cut out so that it may have a nonpolar surface as the main surface 10a, it cuts out in the direction which intersects with the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 (direction orthogonal in FIG. 7).
- the method for cutting out the cocoons is not particularly limited, but the group III nitride crystal 13 can be divided into a plurality of group III nitride crystals by cutting or cleavage. Since group III nitride crystal 13 is composed of a single crystal, it can be easily divided.
- the term “cutting” means that the group III nitride crystal 13 is mechanically divided by a slicer having an outer peripheral edge of an electrodeposited diamond wheel. Cleaving refers to dividing group III nitride crystal 13 along the crystal lattice plane.
- the group III nitride crystal 10 shown in FIG. 1 can be manufactured.
- the group III nitride crystal manufacturing method of the present embodiment is formed on main surface 11a inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane of base substrate 11. Crystal 13 is grown (step S20).
- the crystal orientation of the growth surface of the group III nitride crystal 13 grown on the main surface 11 a of the base substrate 11 inherits the crystal orientation of the main surface 11 a of the base substrate 11. For this reason, since the growth surface of the group III nitride crystal 13 becomes a stable surface of crystallinity, it is possible to suppress the formation of a growth surface having irregular grains.
- the group III nitride crystal 13 is grown at a low temperature, a high-quality crystal can be grown. Therefore, the group III nitride crystal 13 having a high quality and a large thickness T13 can be produced by growing the group III nitride crystal 13 at a low temperature.
- the group III nitride crystal is of high quality, so that the group III nitride crystal 13 can be stably manufactured with good reproducibility.
- a high-quality group III nitride crystal 10 By cutting out from the group III nitride crystal 13, a high-quality group III nitride crystal 10 can be produced.
- Such a high-quality group III nitride crystal 10 has a small dislocation density of, for example, 5 ⁇ 10 6 cm ⁇ 2 or less.
- the main surface 13a of the group III nitride crystal 13 is in a state in which the formation of irregularities or the like is reduced as compared with the main surface of the group III nitride crystal formed on the (0001) plane. For this reason, for example, in the case of cutting out from the group III nitride crystal 13 as in the present embodiment, more group III nitrides than in the case of cutting out from the group III nitride crystal formed on the (0001) plane. Crystal 10 can be cut out. Further, when the same number of group III nitride crystals 10 are cut out, the formation of recesses can be suppressed, so that the thickness of the group III nitride crystal 13 to be grown can be reduced. Therefore, the cost required for manufacturing the group III nitride crystal 10 can be reduced.
- the group III nitride crystal 13 manufactured according to the present embodiment includes, for example, light-emitting elements such as light-emitting diodes and laser diodes, rectifiers, bipolar transistors, field-effect transistors, and HEMTs (High-Electron-Mobility-Transistors). ), Etc., temperature sensors, pressure sensors, radiation sensors, semiconductor sensors such as visible-ultraviolet light detectors, SAW devices (surface acoustic wave devices), vibrators, resonators, oscillators, MEMS ( It can be suitably used for a substrate for a device such as a micro-electro-mechanical system component or a piezoelectric actuator.
- light-emitting elements such as light-emitting diodes and laser diodes, rectifiers, bipolar transistors, field-effect transistors, and HEMTs (High-Electron-Mobility-Transistors).
- Etc. temperature sensors, pressure sensors, radiation sensors, semiconductor sensors such as visible-ultra
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a method for producing a group III nitride crystal in the present embodiment.
- the method for producing a group III nitride crystal in the present embodiment basically has the same configuration as the method for producing a group III nitride crystal in the embodiment.
- Step S10 for preparing 11 differs in that it includes step S12 for flattening the main surface 11a.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the base substrate before being flattened in the present embodiment.
- a base substrate 11 having a main surface with irregularities is prepared (step S11).
- the irregularities on the main surface are viewed microscopically, for example, a c-plane appears in the inclined region 11a1 in FIG.
- step S12 the main surface of the base substrate 11 is flattened (step S12).
- step S12 on the main surface of the base substrate 11, the region 11a1 in FIG. 9 is removed, and a surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane parallel to the back surface 11b appears regularly in a wide region. Like that.
- the method for flattening is not particularly limited, for example, it is also possible to thermally sublimate the main surface of the base substrate 11.
- the main surface of the base substrate 11 is heat-treated at a temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher and 2300 ° C. or lower. Thereby, it is possible to prepare the base substrate 11 having the main surface 11a in which the surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane shown in FIG.
- the step S10 for preparing the base substrate 11 includes the step S12 for flattening the main surface of the base substrate 11.
- the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 can be formed so that a surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane appears regularly in a wide region.
- the III group nitride crystal 13 which has high quality and large thickness can be manufactured more stably. Therefore, the high-quality group III nitride crystal 10 manufactured by cutting out from the group III nitride crystal 13 can be manufactured more stably.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a method for producing a group III nitride crystal in the present embodiment. With reference to FIG. 10, a method for producing a group III nitride crystal in the present embodiment will be described.
- the method for producing a group III nitride crystal in the present embodiment basically has the same configuration as the method for producing a group III nitride crystal in the first embodiment.
- the present embodiment is different in that it further includes a step S13 of preparing a base group III nitride crystal grown with the (0001) plane as a main surface and a step S14 of cutting out the base substrate from the base group III nitride crystal. That is, in the present embodiment, base substrate 11 is made of a group III nitride crystal.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which an underlying group III nitride crystal is grown in the present embodiment.
- a base group III nitride crystal 31 grown with the (0001) plane as the main surface 30a is prepared (step S13). This step S13 is performed as follows, for example.
- the base substrate 30 for growing the base group III nitride crystal 31 is prepared.
- the base substrate 30 is not particularly limited, and a group III nitride crystal, SiC, sapphire, or the like can be used.
- a base group III nitride crystal 31 is grown on the main surface 30 a of the base substrate 30.
- the growth method of the group III nitride crystal 31 is not particularly limited, and a vapor phase growth method such as a sublimation method, HVPE method, MBE method, or MOCVD method, a liquid phase method such as a flux method, a high nitrogen pressure solution method, or the like is employed. be able to.
- the underlying group III nitride crystal 31 can be prepared.
- the group III nitride crystal 31 for the underlayer has the same composition ratio as the group III nitride crystal 13 to be grown.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which the base substrate is cut out in the present embodiment.
- the base substrate 11 is cut out from the base group III nitride crystal 31 (step S14).
- the base substrate 11 having the main surface 11a as described above is cut out from the group III nitride crystal 31 for base.
- the cutting method is not particularly limited, the base group III nitride crystal 31 can be divided into the base substrate by cutting or cleavage.
- the main surface 30a of the base substrate 30 is the (0001) plane
- the main surface 31a that is the growth surface of the base group III nitride crystal 31 is also the (0001) plane.
- the base substrate 11 In order to cut out the base substrate 11 so as to have the main surface 11a inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane, the base substrate 11 intersects with the main surface 30a of the base substrate 30 (the direction orthogonal to FIG. 12). Cut out.
- step S13 and S14 the base substrate 11 shown in FIG. 3 can be prepared. Further, after step S14 for cutting out the base substrate 11, step S12 for flattening the main surface 11a described in the second embodiment may be further performed.
- a group III nitride crystal is used as the base substrate 11.
- the base substrate 11 and the group III nitride crystal 13 to be grown can have the same composition or a close composition.
- the group III nitride crystal 13 having higher quality and larger thickness can be stably manufactured. Therefore, the high-quality group III nitride crystal 10 manufactured by cutting out from the group III nitride crystal 13 can be manufactured more stably.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the crystal growth apparatus used in this example.
- the crystal growth apparatus 100 mainly includes a crucible 115, a heating body 119, a reaction vessel 122, and a high-frequency heating coil 123.
- a heating body 119 is provided around the crucible 115 so as to ensure ventilation between the inside and outside of the crucible 115.
- a reaction vessel 122 is provided around the heating body 119.
- a high-frequency heating coil 123 for heating the heating body 119 is provided at the outer central portion of the reaction vessel 122.
- radiation thermometers 121 a and 121 b for measuring temperatures above and below the crucible 115 are provided at the upper and lower portions of the reaction vessel 122.
- crystal growth apparatus 100 may include various elements other than those described above, but illustration and description of these elements are omitted for convenience of description.
- Example 1 an SiC substrate having a main surface 11a inclined by 0.5 ° in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (10-11) plane was prepared as the base substrate 11 (step S10). As shown in FIG. 13, the base substrate 11 was placed on the crucible 115 in the reaction vessel 122.
- AlN powder was prepared as a raw material for the group III nitride crystal, and this raw material 17 was placed in the lower part of the crucible 115.
- an AlN crystal was grown as a group III nitride crystal 13 on the main surface of the base substrate by sublimation as a vapor phase growth method (step S20). Specifically, while flowing nitrogen gas into the reaction vessel 122, the temperature in the crucible 115 is increased using the high-frequency heating coil 123 so that the temperature of the base substrate 11 is 1800 ° C. and the temperature of the raw material 17 is 2000 ° C. The raw material 17 was sublimated and recrystallized on the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 to grow an AlN crystal on the base substrate 11 with a growth time of 30 hours.
- step S20 the nitrogen gas was continuously flowed into the reaction vessel 122, and the exhaust amount of the nitrogen gas was controlled so that the gas partial pressure in the reaction vessel 122 was about 10 kPa to 100 kPa. .
- the Group III nitride crystal 13 of Example 1 formed on the main surface 11a of the base substrate 11 was manufactured as shown in FIG.
- Example 2 was basically the same as Example 1, but only Step S10 for preparing the base substrate was different from Example 1.
- Example 2 an AlN crystal was manufactured according to the Group III nitride crystal manufacturing method of Embodiment 3.
- a SiC substrate having a (0001) plane as a main surface was prepared as a base substrate 30 of a base III nitride crystal.
- An AlN single crystal having a thickness of 10 mm was grown on this SiC substrate as a base group III nitride crystal 31 (step S13).
- the base substrate 11 was cut out so as to have the (10-11) plane formed on the end face of the AlN single crystal as the main surface 11a (step S14).
- the base substrate 11 having the (10-11) plane as the main surface 11a was prepared.
- Example 3 was basically the same as Example 2, but only Step S10 for preparing a base substrate was different from Example 2. Specifically, a base substrate 11 having a main surface 11a having a surface inclined by 0.5 ° in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (10-12) plane was prepared.
- Example 4 was basically the same as Example 2, but only Step S10 for preparing a base substrate was different from Example 2. Specifically, the base substrate 11 having the (10-12) plane as the main surface 11a was prepared.
- Comparative Example 1 was basically the same as example 1, but only step S10 for preparing the base substrate was different from example 1.
- an SiC substrate having a main surface inclined by 3.5 ° from the (0001) plane in the ⁇ 11-20> direction was prepared as a base substrate.
- the thickness of the ridge was measured as the smallest thickness of each group III nitride crystal. That is, the distance from the largest recess formed on the surface of the group III nitride crystal to the interface with the base substrate was measured.
- each group III nitride crystal is immersed in a melt obtained by melting KOH: NaOH (sodium hydroxide) at a ratio of 1: 1 in a platinum crucible at 250 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a group III nitride crystal. Etching was performed. Thereafter, each group III nitride crystal was washed, and the number of etch pits generated on the surface with a microscope per unit area was counted. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the growth surface of the group III nitride crystal of Example 2 using the base substrate having the main surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane is composed of a homogeneous (10-11) plane, There was no generation of crystals.
- the thickness of the group III nitride crystal was as thick as 10 mm. Further, the dislocation density was as low as 1 ⁇ 10 5 cm ⁇ 2 over the entire surface of the group III nitride crystal.
- the growth surface of the group III nitride crystal of Example 3 using the base substrate having the main surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane is ⁇ 1--100> from the homogeneous (10-12) plane. It consisted of a surface inclined by 0.5 ° in the 100> direction, and no polycrystal was generated. Further, the thickness of the group III nitride crystal was as thick as 5 mm. Further, the dislocation density was as low as 5 ⁇ 10 5 cm ⁇ 2 over the entire surface of the group III nitride crystal.
- the growth surface of the group III nitride crystal of Example 4 using the base substrate having the main surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane is composed of a homogeneous (10-12) plane, There was no generation of crystals.
- the thickness of the group III nitride crystal was as thick as 10 mm.
- the dislocation density was as low as 1 ⁇ 10 5 cm ⁇ 2 over the entire surface of the group III nitride crystal.
- the growth surface of the Group III nitride crystal of Comparative Example 1 using the base substrate that did not have the main surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane had a three-dimensional hill shape. It was formed, or the unevenness (step) was large, and polycrystal was generated. Further, the thickness of the group III nitride crystal was 4 mm, which was lower than those of Examples 1 to 4. Further, the dislocation density in the vicinity of the region where the misorientation occurred was 1 ⁇ 10 7 cm ⁇ 2 , which was higher than those in Examples 1 to 4.
- the group III nitride crystal is grown on the main surface inclined in the ⁇ 1-100> direction from the (0001) plane of the base substrate, thereby having a large thickness and a high thickness. It was confirmed that a quality group III nitride crystal was produced.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施の形態におけるIII族窒化物結晶を概略的に示す断面図である。図1を参照して、本実施の形態におけるIII族窒化物結晶10について説明する。
図8は、本実施の形態におけるIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。図8を参照して、本実施の形態におけるIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法は、基本的には実施の形態におけるIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法と同様の構成を備えているが、下地基板11を準備するステップS10は、主表面11aを平坦にするステップS12を含んでいる点において異なる。
図10は、本実施の形態におけるIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。図10を参照して、本実施の形態におけるIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法について説明する。
このステップS13は、たとえば以下のように実施される。
まず、(10-11)面から<1-100>方向に0.5°傾斜した主表面11aを有するSiC基板を下地基板11として準備した(ステップS10)。図13に示すように、この下地基板11を、反応容器122内の坩堝115の上部に載置した。
実施例2は、基本的には実施例1と同様であったが、下地基板を準備するステップS10のみ実施例1と異なっていた。
実施例3は、基本的には実施例2と同様であったが、下地基板を準備するステップS10のみ実施例2と異なっていた。具体的には、(10-12)面から<1-100>方向に0.5°傾斜した面を主表面11aとして有する下地基板11を準備した。
実施例4は、基本的には実施例2と同様であったが、下地基板を準備するステップS10のみ実施例2と異なっていた。具体的には、(10-12)面を主表面11aとして有する下地基板11を準備した。
比較例1は、基本的には実施例1と同様であったが、下地基板を準備するステップS10のみ実施例1と異なっていた。
実施例1~4および比較例1のIII族窒化物結晶について、外観を観察し、厚みおよび転位密度を測定した。
表1に示すように、(0001)面から<1-100>方向に傾斜した主表面を有する下地基板を用いた実施例1のIII族窒化物結晶の成長表面は、均質な(10-11)面から<1-100>方向に0.5°傾斜した面からなり、多結晶の発生等はなかった。また、III族窒化物結晶の厚みは、5mmと厚かった。さらに、転位密度はIII族窒化物結晶の全面で5×105cm-2以下と低かった。
Claims (9)
- (0001)面から<1-100>方向に傾斜した主表面を有する下地基板を準備する工程と、
気相成長法により前記下地基板の前記主表面上にIII族窒化物結晶を成長する工程とを備えた、III族窒化物結晶の製造方法。 - 前記下地基板の前記主表面は、{01-10}面から-5°以上5°以下傾斜した面である、請求項1に記載のIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法。
- 前記成長する工程では、1600℃以上1950℃未満で前記III族窒化物結晶を成長する、請求項1または2に記載のIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法。
- 前記準備する工程では、前記下地基板としてSiC基板を準備する、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法。
- 前記準備する工程は、
(0001)面を主表面として成長された下地用III族窒化物結晶を準備する工程と、
前記下地用III族窒化物結晶から前記下地基板を切り出す工程とを含む、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法。 - 前記成長する工程では、1mm以上の厚みを有する前記III族窒化物結晶を成長する、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法。
- 前記準備する工程は、前記下地基板の前記主表面を平坦にする工程を含む、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法。
- 前記III族窒化物結晶から無極性面を主表面として有するように切り出す工程をさらに備えた、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のIII族窒化物結晶の製造方法により製造されたIII族窒化物結晶であって、
5×106cm-2以下の転位密度を有する、III族窒化物結晶。
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US13/054,373 US20110110840A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 | 2009-06-26 | Method for producing group iii-nitride crystal and group iii-nitride crystal |
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JP2011178594A (ja) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-15 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 第13族金属窒化物結晶の製造方法、該製造方法により得られる第13族金属窒化物結晶および半導体デバイスの製造方法 |
US20110248281A1 (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-13 | Hitachi Cable, Ltd. | Nitride semiconductor substrate, production method therefor and nitride semiconductor device |
WO2012074031A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-07 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Iii族窒化物半導体基板及びその製造方法、並びに半導体発光デバイス及びその製造方法 |
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JP5332168B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-17 | 2013-11-06 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Iii族窒化物結晶の製造方法 |
US9064706B2 (en) | 2006-11-17 | 2015-06-23 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Composite of III-nitride crystal on laterally stacked substrates |
JP2012136418A (ja) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-07-19 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Iii族窒化物半導体基板とその製造方法 |
CN103243389B (zh) | 2012-02-08 | 2016-06-08 | 丰田合成株式会社 | 制造第III族氮化物半导体单晶的方法及制造GaN衬底的方法 |
WO2014123247A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-14 | 株式会社トクヤマ | 窒化アルミニウム粉末 |
JP5999443B2 (ja) | 2013-06-07 | 2016-09-28 | 豊田合成株式会社 | III 族窒化物半導体結晶の製造方法およびGaN基板の製造方法 |
JP6015566B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-11 | 2016-10-26 | 豊田合成株式会社 | III 族窒化物半導体のエッチング方法およびIII 族窒化物半導体結晶の製造方法およびGaN基板の製造方法 |
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