Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/40—Complete food formulations for specific consumer groups or specific purposes, e.g. infant formula
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
  • A23L33/175—Amino acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
  • A23L33/18—Peptides; Protein hydrolysates
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
  • A61P25/32—Alcohol-abuse
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
  • A61P39/02—Antidotes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to compositions comprising amino acids and short peptide products and methods for forming same.
• Amino acids and peptides are well known within the pharmaceutical, natural medicine and veterinary medical industry as components of products like parenteral nutrition as well as special nutrition to treat certain trauma.
• the main products used have been extracts from blood plasma and protein hydrolysates produced by means of pancreatic enzymes from pigs and calves.
• the present invention provides the pharmaceutical and food industry with a new product comprising a unique combination of amino acids and short peptides.
• Amino acids and ultra short peptides are also used for biotechnological processes, for example, when a highly potent culture medium is produced.
• a limitation for cultivating single cell organisms or cell substrates from higher organisms is the access to culture media of adequate quality. Lack of suitable media and high price are also limiting factors.
• amino acids or peptides produced by biotechnological methods generally contain growth-inhibiting substances. These components are not significantly present in the products of the invention.
• the combination of natural amino acid profiles and biological trace elements and minerals in the product according to the present invention is a unique product for the preparation of culture media for the biotechnological industry.
• Peptides/amino acids are used in the food processing industry as binders, emulsifiers, and taste enhancers or similar. The applications are considerable and growing. Most of the peptides and amino acids used in the industry come from soya beans and milk. Amino acids and peptides from soya and milk in particular are known for causing allergenic reactions, which can only be avoided by using another peptide/amino acid composition which does not originate from these sources, or a peptide/amino acid composition from soya or milk that has been sufficiently altered in order not to cause such allergic reactions. There is a strong demand for a composition of amino acids and peptides which does not cause allergenic reactions. Products from most animal sources have not attained the same degree of utilisation as there are no extraction techniques that can preserve the functionality of the product and at the same time remove the unwanted, quality diminishing components like salt and fat.
• composition of peptides, amino acids and proteins within feed products is also very important since the growth of the animals is dependent on a balanced feed intake. Thus, in this area, there is also a strong demand for a composition that provides optimal growth conditions for the animals.
• endogenous enzymes is used as a term for the enzymes originating within the protein product as opposed to the "exogenous” enzymes which are extraneous enzymes added to the raw protein material during traditional hydrolysis.
• Exogenous enzyme is "Deterzyme APY", which is a bacterial protease (E.G. 3.4.21) prepared by controlled fermentation of Bacillus alcalophilus, and which can be purchased from a number of suppliers.
• endogenous enzymes are also used to mean enzymes extracted from other similar natural enzyme materials or raw materials, preferably from cold-blooded animals.
• short with respect to peptides is used here to define peptides with a molecular size of less than 10000 Dalton, prefereably less than 5000 Da.
• fat in this context is meant to include any type of oil or fat, originally included in the protein source.
• full range in connection with amino acids is used here to define a mixture of natural amino acids covering all 20 amino acids necessary for human protein synthesis, including alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, praline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine; and 6 amino acids, including cystine, hydroxylysine hydroxyproline, ornithine, taurine and thyroxine, which are vital to other human metabolisms.
• natural amino acids is used to describe the naturally occurring L isomeric form.
• pharmaceutical quality is used to describe products for intravenous use and products that are classified as medicine for humans and animals or natural medicine.
• biotechnological quality is used to describe products that can be used, for example, as culture media or catalysts in the culturing of cells, bacteria, fungi and algae.
• foodstuff quality is used to describe products that are used for human consumption either as an additive or as an independent product.
• a product as described further herein is a full-range, protein-free, amino acid - peptide product made from fish raw material, which is a safe and rich source of protein, an example of which is referred to as Amizate.
• the product may be produced by processes described in Norwegian patent no. 317900, US patent application no.10/523, 151 and/or US application no. 11/678,543, and these documents are fully incorporated herein by reference.
• the fish protein is pre-digested to amino acids and peptides in a natural way very similar to human digestion (utilizing serine proteases, enzymes found in the fish itself). This process of inducing and maintaining digestive action by natural enzymes is an important scientific milestone, never before achieved in commercial scale.
• the result of the processes is a natural and wholesome blend of free amino acids and short peptides that fit into the human digestive cycle, bringing profound effects for health and well-being.
• a product such as Amizate extracted from fish protein delivers the full range of amino acids and essential short peptides needed for human protein synthesis and metabolism.
• a product such as Amizate contains all non-essential amino acids (which can normally be synthesized in the body), and all essential amino acids (provided only in the diet) for optimal health. But it takes a healthy body to synthesize the non-essential amino acids.
• the profile of a product such as Amizate meets the physiological needs of the human body. Possible amino acid/peptide shortages and imbalances are thereby naturally corrected.
• a product such as Amizate does not contain potentially harmful substances often found in amino acid products from milk (lactose, to which many people have intolerance), soy (isoflavones), meat (substances which can cause BSE) or other raw materials.
• the natural mixture of enzymes used for the protein digestion ensures an almost complete hydrolysis.
• the result is a product with essentially only free amino acids and short peptides which can directly be used in the building tasks of the body.
• amino acid products are produced using synthetically modified enzymes, which are barely able to hydrolyze 20% of the protein.
• Such amino acid products neither contain the full range nor the balanced content of a product such as Amizate.
• a more complete hydrolysis of such products gives a bitter taste and odor not present in a product such as Amizate.
• Amizate's fully realized natural hydrolysis ensures high bioavailability, i.e., a very rapid and complete absorption by the body.
• the body requires a full range of amino acids in sufficient amounts in order to make proteins and provide for other physiological needs.
• Amino acids available for new protein formation are either "free” (stand alone) or in short peptide chains in combination with other amino acids. Both are required and are indispensable for different metabolic processes and both are present in balanced measure in a product such as Amizate.
• a product such as Amizate provides adequate amounts of all amino acids, thereby eliminating the need for special dietary planning.
• Amizate is a powerful restorative force for the human body and can as an example contribute to general health & well-being in the following ways:
• Depression e.g., using L-Phenylalanine, L-Tyrosine
• Alcoholism e.g., using L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine
• amino acids and short peptides are of importance far beyond just building proteins.
• amino acids act as precursors to neurotransmitters, the chemicals which carry messages from one nerve to another or to a target tissue. They also combine with other molecules to form coenzymes.
• Specific amino acids stimulate production of chemicals or initiate actions that protect, cleanse or otherwise benefit the body such as inhibiting tumor development or growth, detoxifying ingested poisons, clearing bronchial mucus, protecting against toxic effects of radiation, copper, smog and tobacco smoke, reducing alcoholic cravings and generally supporting growth and repair mechanisms throughout life.
• the products according to the present invention are new combinations of amino acids and peptides which are different from proteins, or single amino acids.
• One embodiment of the products comprise all 20 amino acids necessary for human protein synthesis, including all 8 indispensable amino acids (Isoleucine*, Leucine*, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine*), and the 2 semi- indispensable amino acids Arginine and Histidine (indispensable for children). (The particularly valuable branched chain amino acids are marked with *).
• the products further comprise Cysteine (indispensable for premature babies).
• the product further comprises 6 additional amino acids vital to other human metabolisms: Cystine, Hydroxyleucine, Hydroxyproline, Ornithine, Taurine, and Thyroxine.
• a product such as Amizate provides over 60% of amino acids in free form and the remainder in short peptides ( ⁇ 10 000 Dalton). No amino acids remain bound in proteins or large molecules requiring digestion.
• a product such as Amizate is a mild-tasting, off-white powder easily incorporated into virtually any food or beverage, or is ingested directly in capsule form.
• the product according to the present invention may be included in customized foods, beverages and yogurts targeted at, for example, geriatrics, infants, or athletes and fitness enthusiasts.
• a product such as Amizate is a food product, and has regulatory approval as such from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority.
• Table 1 Competitive characteristics of Amizate vs other hydrolyzed proteins and bacteria-produced amino acids in use for buildin dietar roteins
• Aminotech's production process involves grinding fish raw materials, including proteolytic enzyme sources (fish intestines). After grinding, the mass is diluted with water and then transported into temperature-controlled bio-reactors where an enzymatic digestion of all proteins in the source materials take place under continuous mixing and precise control conditions until amino acids and very short peptides are produced. The resulting hydrolysate is sterilised, then fish-oil and solid particles removed by centrifuge. The product is thereafter filtered, concentrated and dried to powder.
• proteolytic enzyme sources fish intestines
• the dry product (powder) Amizate consists of 70 % amino acids (more than 50% in free form), short peptides, vitamins, minerals and microelements. This is a very high biological value product because in addition to the complete set of amino acids (26 amino acids, characteristic for tissues for humans and animals), it also has an ideal or optimal relationship between the irreplaceable (essential) and replaceable (non essential) amino acids. In addition, Amizate also contains the whole complex of vitamins group B as well as the whole set of minerals and microelements that are necessary for the physiology of the body.
• Free form amino acids are those that have not chained together to form peptides or proteins; they are singular entities. Short peptides can have as few as 2 or up to 12 or more amino acids chained together. Free form amino acids and short peptides are immediately absorbed through the epithelial cells of the duodenum, and through the intestinal walls.
• the pool of biologically active short peptides in a product such as Amizate contains its activator components (ability to penetrate to blood).
• the blood transports the activator components to different organs and tissues where they connect to so called “receptors" on the cells' surface and then switch on different salutary influence on metabolic pathways.
• the same activator components also influence on the cardio-blood vessels as well as the immune, endocrine and nervous systems of organisms.
• Dry hydrolysate contains 30 - 90 % amino acids of which 40 - 95 % of the amino acids are in free form (free amino acid).
• An enzymatic protein hydrolysate such as Amizate can be used in an endless number of ways. Below is shown a number of examples.
• v ⁇ Base component in special diet against obesity. This can be used both in a prophylactic and therapeutic way.
• Very compact high-energy food is especially necessary for people exposed to extreme physical conditions - for example: astronauts, mountain-climbers, tourists, seamen and military units.
• Dried hydrolysate contains all necessary building material and energy components needed to maintain a high quality.
• the level of milk acids in muscles is quickly reduced with intake of product. A small volume of product will enable the user to work "indefinitely” without reducing capacity.
• stomach-intestine diseases with infringement absorption of amino acids, intestinal obstruction, intoxication, burn disease, languidly granulating wounds, radial illness etc.
• S Highly effective biogenic medical preparation ointments, creams, jellies, and sprays. Improves metabolic processes and acceleration of regeneration of tissue of for example: trophic ulcer, gangrene, bedsores, burns, radiating ulcers, skin transplantant, and also at various forms of dermatitis.
• S Component in cosmetic creams containing enzymatic protein hydrolysate, which ensures local (external) nutrition for skin's cells.
• Free amino acids, biologically active peptides, vitamins, minerals and the microelements of hydro lysate penetrate into cells of skin and intercellular space. Such creams stimulate normal reproduction of skin cells and increase the life of skin cells.
• Enzymatic protein hydrolysate protects skin and hair against adverse internal and external factors. Free amino acids and bioactive peptides fundamentally promote growth and quality of hair.
• Vitamin - Group B All present Partially present Partially present Traces only Traces only Constructed added
• Proteins are synthesized as a result of formation of the secondary amide links between carboxyl groups and amino groups of the neighboring amino acids. Such connections refer to as peptide bonds, and the structures resulting formation of peptide bonds between residues of amino acids, are peptides.
• a peptide of two amino acids is named a dipeptide; a peptide of three amino acids is called tripeptide, etc.
• hydrolysate is a mixture consisting of free amino acids and peptides. Also in this mixture are simple saccharum and polysaccharides, fragments of nucleic acids, vitamins, minerals and microelements.
• peptides represent supplies of amino acids, just as free amino acids are supplies of nitrogen, carbon and sulfur.
• Peptides as a source of amino acids are more effective than synthetic mixtures of amino acids.
• FJ. Sussman and C. Gilvard (1971) have established that bacteria consume polypeptides more actively than free amino acids. They explained the phenomena of self-contained transport for polypeptides.
• Pittman K.A. et al. (1967) showed that Bacteroides ruminicola do not consume free proline from medium, but utilize proline- inclusive peptides.
• Biologically active peptides contain in various organs and tissues, are formed at natural biological processes in blood and a gastrointestinal tract. It is known, that peptides carry out intermediary roles between different basic regulation systems of an organism of the highest animals: nervous, humoral and immune. They are material bearers of information and they themselves exert regulation effect. Hundreds peptides are fixed, each of which is characterized by polyfunctionality of act (Ashmarin LP. , 1985). From number regulation peptides it is possible to secure ⁇ discharge ⁇ some functional groups.
• peptide hormones produced by organs of endocrine system tissue hormones are called quinines; numerous group of peptides as immunomodulating factors are called immunohormons and also irnmunomodulating factors and mediators of an exogenous origin (Ershov F.I., Malinovskaja V. V., 1996).
• Hormones are secreted from endocrine glands, such as thyroid and parathyroid glands; pancreas, suprarenal glands and sexual gonads, and " serve" organs which produce them; hormones of a hypophysis make control of activity of other hormones. The structure of the majority of them for a long time is investigated. They represent linear or branched peptides, in small size. So, oligopeptide hormones of a hypophysis have M.W. 1500 - 6000 D and consist of 13 - 39 amino acids.
• the indispensable amino acid requirements of infants and young children have been estimated by observing changes in weight after the amount of one amino acid in an otherwise fully adequate amino acid diet is reduced incrementally. If intake of one amino acid falls below the requirements, weight gain will decline. To ensure that growth will not be impaired by this procedure, the amount of the amino acid that is limiting growth is increased in the diet as soon as the first evidence of reduced weight gain is detected.
• Indispensable amino acid requirements of infants have also been estimated from amino acid intakes of infants growing satisfactorily, calculated from knowledge of the amounts of breast milk or formula they have consumed and the amino acid composition of these foods. Requirements determined via this procedure, except that for tryptophan, were lower than those obtained with amino acid diets.

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• 2008
  • 2008-08-04 BR BRPI0814745-0A2A patent/BRPI0814745A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-08-04 WO PCT/NO2008/000282 patent/WO2009020394A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2008-08-04 KR KR1020107004829A patent/KR20100057630A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2008-08-04 CN CN200880110512A patent/CN101815441A/zh active Pending
  • 2008-08-04 JP JP2010519884A patent/JP2011511620A/ja active Pending
  • 2008-08-04 EP EP08793894.0A patent/EP2185004B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2008-08-04 US US12/671,969 patent/US20110183040A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-08-04 CA CA2695444A patent/CA2695444C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
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