WO2008138945A2 - Electrode for membrane electrolysis cells - Google Patents
Electrode for membrane electrolysis cells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008138945A2 WO2008138945A2 PCT/EP2008/055887 EP2008055887W WO2008138945A2 WO 2008138945 A2 WO2008138945 A2 WO 2008138945A2 EP 2008055887 W EP2008055887 W EP 2008055887W WO 2008138945 A2 WO2008138945 A2 WO 2008138945A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- grooves
- electrode according
- membrane
- electrolysis
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/14—Alkali metal compounds
- C25B1/16—Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrode for electrochemical applications, in particular to an electrode for membrane electrolysis cells made on a metal support. Electrolytic processes carried out in cells separated by ion-exchange membranes are among the most relevant industrial electrochemical applications. Some examples of such applications are the electrolysis of alkali chloride brines (chlor-alkali electrolysis), with particular reference to the electrolysis of sodium chloride brine for the production of chlorine and caustic soda, and the electrolysis of hydrochloric acid solutions.
- the anodic compartment of the electrolysis cell is separated from the cathodic compartment by means of an ion-exchange membrane.
- the anodic compartment of the cell is fed with a sodium chloride brine, for instance at a concentration of about 300 g/l; chlorine evolution takes place on the anode surface, at a current density usually not above 4 kA/m 2 , while brine is consequently depleted down to an outlet concentration usually comprised between 200 and 220 g/l.
- Sodium ions are transported by the electric field across the membrane to the cathodic compartment, where the caustic product is generated at a concentration usually not higher than 33% by weight. The caustic product is then extracted and concentrated by evaporation outside the cell.
- the product gas has the tendency to build-up between the membrane and the electrode surfaces facing the same, increasing the ohmic drop in the contact zone and locally depleting the chloride-ion concentration due to poor electrolyte renewal. Brine dilution favours the local evolution of oxygen with consequent acidification.
- chlorine build-up, oxygen build-up, depletion of trapped brine, acidification accounts for the early deterioration of the membranes, particularly in form of blister generation especially in correspondence of interstitial zones between anode and membrane, leading to voltage increase and electrolysis efficiency decrease.
- a similar deterioration may also take place in the interstitial zones between membrane and cathode: in this case, liquid stagnation leads to an increase in the caustic product concentration, which may reach a value up to 40- 45%.
- Such a high alkalinity can damage the membrane chemical structure, with consequent voltage increase going along with the onset of localised blistering, as described for the anode side.
- US 4,608,144 disclosed an anode surface equipped with vertical parallel channels alternatively directed to brine feed and withdrawal, and further equipped with horizontal channels of lower section reciprocally connecting the feed and withdrawal channels. In this way a forced brine circulation is achieved, somehow preventing the adhesion of chlorine bubbles.
- US 5,1 14,547 discloses an anode aimed at promoting brine circulation at the membrane-anode interface in order to obviate the increase in the electrical resistance associated with the depletion of stagnating brine at the interface by means of a structure consisting of vertical channels connected with slanted secondary channels disposed in a herringbone pattern.
- US 2006/0042935 addresses the same problem by providing an irregular anode surface obtained by sandblasting or acid etching in order to improve the brine supply to the anode. While all of the proposed measures might contribute to some extent to prevent deterioration of ion-exchange membranes in the usual process conditions, they fail to guarantee an optimal functioning in the exasperated process conditions needed to meet the current market requirements aimed at a higher cell productivity.
- One embodiment provides an electrode obtained on a metal substrate having a multiplicity of locally parallel grooves with a depth of 0.005 to 0.02 mm and a pitch - defined as the distance between adjacent grooves - of 0.01 to 0.5 mm.
- locally parallel grooves it is hereby intended a multiplicity of grooves, of open or closed shape, running in parallel at least in part of their length; the path of the locally parallel grooves may assume a generally parallel trend across the whole electrode structure, in straight lines or with curvatures of any type.
- the electrode surface presents locally parallel grooves having a closed shape and intersecting one another reciprocally.
- the electrode as hereinbefore defined can be advantageous in any electrolytic application, especially for working in direct contact with an ion-exchange membrane; in the case of chlor-alkali electrolysis, the above electrode can be assembled with its grooved surface in direct contact with the membrane, with surprisingly advantageous results both used as the anode and/or as the cathode.
- the metal substrate may be made of different materials, including but not limited to titanium and titanium alloys for anode application and nickel, nickel alloys and stainless steels for cathode application.
- the substrate geometry can be of any type: as a non limiting example, the grooved surface can be provided on punched or expanded sheets, meshes and structures comprised of parallel strips optionally rotated along the horizontal axis, also called louvered electrodes.
- the electrode substrate can be provided with a known catalytic coating on its grooved surface: for instance, when use as anode for chlorine evolution in chlor-alkali cells is intended, the electrode substrate may be provided with a coating based on noble metals or oxides thereof. Electrodes obtained on the substrate as hereinbefore defined can be particularly useful in chlor-alkali electrolysis cells, both as anodes for chlorine evolution and as cathodes for hydrogen evolution, especially when assembled with the grooved surface in direct contact with the membrane. In case of straight grooves running parallel across the whole structure, orienting the grooves in the vertical direction can provide an improved circulation of electrolyte and gas- bubble release from the surface.
- Life-tests were also carried out with excellent results at anolyte concentrations below 200 g/l (in particular down to 150 g/l), with caustic product concentrations above 33% (in particular up to 37%) and maintaining pressure differentials across the two compartments higher than 3000 Pa (in particular up to 10000 Pa), conditions which normally led to a quick deterioration of the membranes when prior art electrodes were employed.
- the electrode obtained on a grooved substrate as defined allows a particularly efficient release of the gas bubbles, also in comparison with grooved electrodes of the prior art, possibly because the densely packed and shallow grooves favour capillary transport phenomena as opposed to an electrolyte circulation.
- the electrode as defined can be obtained by simple and cheap methods such as a superficial erosion carried out by means of abrasive paper or fabric - optionally in a continuous rolling process - lamellar grinding wheels or grindstones; other techniques include the use of draw-benches or rolling mills, besides more sophisticated technologies such as laser etching or lithographic techniques, according to the selected geometry.
- the erosion by grindstone for instance can be suitable for obtaining locally parallel grooves of closed shape and intersecting one another, while a lamellar grinding wheel, a draw-bench or a rolling mill can be more suitable for obtaining generally parallel grooves along the whole surface.
- An electrode obtained with the above mentioned techniques can allow a sensible cost reduction compared to other grooved electrodes known in the art and characterised by a much higher groove depth, which cannot be obtained by simple abrasion.
- All samples prepared in the previous example were cut into 150 mm x 200 mm wide pieces and characterised, coupled in various combinations, in a multiple bench for chlor-alkali electrolysis accelerated lifetime tests.
- Each station of the multiple bench was equipped with one membrane electrolysis cell suitable for accommodating one anode and one cathode of 1 mm thickness in direct contact with a reference sulphonic/carboxylic double layer membrane (Nafion ® 982 produced by DuPont, U.S.A.).
- the electrode samples of tables 1 and 2 were assembled with vertically oriented grooves.
- the lifetime test was carried out simultaneously starting-up all cells with the various combinations of anodes and cathodes at process conditions much more severe than the common industrial practice, determining the time of ion- exchange membrane decay, defined as the time required for the cell voltage to increase by 0.5 V with respect to the initial value at the process current density.
- An electrolysis cell as in example 2, equipped with an anode sample A4 and a cathode sample C2, and a second analogous electrolysis cell equipped with a non- grooved anode sample AO and a non-grooved cathode sample CO were subjected to a lifetime test at process conditions sensibly more severe than the common industrial practice.
- the cell equipped with electrode samples AO and CO had to be shut down because the progressive deterioration of the membrane had caused a strong increase in the cell voltage, which attained high values strongly fluctuating in time.
- the cell disassembly evidenced a general formation of blisters on the surface, with a higher population in correspondence of the brine exhaust outlet nozzle, where an incipient local delamination of the two layers of the membrane could also be observed.
- the cell equipped with anode A4 and cathode C2 was dismantled after 2400 hours of continuous testing at practically constant voltage. Upon disassembling the cell, no particular phenomenon of membrane deterioration was observed.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Priority Applications (15)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MX2009012314A MX2009012314A (es) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-14 | Electrodo para celdas electroliticas de membrana. |
BRPI0811852-3A2A BRPI0811852A2 (pt) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-14 | Eletrodos para células de eletrólise de membrana. |
EP08759575A EP2147133B1 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-14 | Electrode for membrane electrolysis cells |
AT08759575T ATE490354T1 (de) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-14 | Elektrode für membranelektrolysezellen |
CN2008800158766A CN101707932B (zh) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-14 | 用于膜电解槽的电极 |
DE602008003789T DE602008003789D1 (de) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-14 | Elektrode für membranelektrolysezellen |
PL08759575T PL2147133T3 (pl) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-14 | Elektroda dla membranowych ogniw elektrolitycznych |
CA002687319A CA2687319A1 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-14 | Electrode for membrane electrolysis cells |
DK08759575.7T DK2147133T3 (da) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-14 | Elektrode til membranelektrolyseceller |
JP2010507912A JP5193287B2 (ja) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-14 | 膜電解セル用の電極 |
AU2008249990A AU2008249990B2 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-14 | Electrode for membrane electrolysis cells |
IL201541A IL201541A (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2009-10-15 | Electrode for electrolysis cell membranes |
EG2009111668A EG25970A (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2009-11-11 | Electrode for membrane electrolysis cells |
US12/617,773 US20100059389A1 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2009-11-13 | Electrode for Membrane Electrolysis Cells |
HK10110136.2A HK1143615A1 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2010-10-28 | Electrode for membrane electrolysis cells |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI2007A000980 | 2007-05-15 | ||
IT000980A ITMI20070980A1 (it) | 2007-05-15 | 2007-05-15 | Elettrodo per celle elettrolitiche a membrana |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008138945A2 true WO2008138945A2 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
WO2008138945A3 WO2008138945A3 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
Family
ID=39874450
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2008/055887 WO2008138945A2 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2008-05-14 | Electrode for membrane electrolysis cells |
Country Status (24)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100059389A1 (it) |
EP (1) | EP2147133B1 (it) |
JP (1) | JP5193287B2 (it) |
KR (1) | KR20100023873A (it) |
CN (1) | CN101707932B (it) |
AR (1) | AR066579A1 (it) |
AT (1) | ATE490354T1 (it) |
AU (1) | AU2008249990B2 (it) |
BR (1) | BRPI0811852A2 (it) |
CA (1) | CA2687319A1 (it) |
CL (1) | CL2008001402A1 (it) |
DE (1) | DE602008003789D1 (it) |
DK (1) | DK2147133T3 (it) |
EG (1) | EG25970A (it) |
ES (1) | ES2357080T3 (it) |
HK (1) | HK1143615A1 (it) |
IL (1) | IL201541A (it) |
IT (1) | ITMI20070980A1 (it) |
MX (1) | MX2009012314A (it) |
PL (1) | PL2147133T3 (it) |
PT (1) | PT2147133E (it) |
RU (1) | RU2436871C2 (it) |
TW (1) | TW200902767A (it) |
WO (1) | WO2008138945A2 (it) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014096534A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Outotec Oyj | Electrode for an electrolytic process and the use of an electrode |
US20220025530A1 (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2022-01-27 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrode for electrolysis and laminate |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110174242A1 (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-07-21 | Mcconahay Fred E | Cylindrical hydrogen fuel generator having tubular cells with microscopic indentations |
WO2014052928A1 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-03 | Hydrogen Injection Technology, Inc. | Supplementary hydrogen fuel system |
JP6234754B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-18 | 2017-11-22 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 電極用金属板及び電極 |
WO2016043072A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-03-24 | 株式会社 東芝 | 電解装置、電極ユニットおよび電解水生成方法 |
CN109457270A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-12 | 西安泰金工业电化学技术有限公司 | 一种钛基涂层钛阳极的制备方法 |
WO2021014940A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-23 | 2021-01-28 | マクセルホールディングス株式会社 | 気泡生成用電極及び気泡生成用電極の表面形成方法 |
CN110441539B (zh) * | 2019-08-21 | 2023-08-01 | 东软威特曼生物科技(沈阳)有限公司 | 用于固体直热式或空气浴式反应盘的反应杯架及全自动生化分析仪 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3361656A (en) * | 1966-05-16 | 1968-01-02 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Wicking electrode for an electrolytic cell |
US3589942A (en) * | 1966-12-22 | 1971-06-29 | Cons Natural Gas Svc | Bipolar collector plates |
US4344832A (en) * | 1979-07-03 | 1982-08-17 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. | Electrode system for a fuel or electrolysis cell arrangement |
DD244769A1 (de) * | 1985-12-23 | 1987-04-15 | Eilenburger Chemie | Vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung elektrochemischer prozesse |
US5676808A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-10-14 | Permelec Electrode Ltd. | Electrolytic cell using gas diffusion electrode |
WO2006084745A2 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-08-17 | Uhdenora S.P.A. | Electrode for electrolytic cell |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4056452A (en) * | 1976-02-26 | 1977-11-01 | Billings Energy Research Corporation | Electrolysis apparatus |
JPS6016518B2 (ja) * | 1980-07-31 | 1985-04-25 | 旭硝子株式会社 | イオン交換膜電解槽 |
JPS60501364A (ja) * | 1983-03-30 | 1985-08-22 | イ−・アイ・デユポン・デ・ニモアス・アンド・カンパニ− | ヨウ化物不純物を含むブラインの改良電解法 |
JPS6049718B2 (ja) * | 1983-08-12 | 1985-11-05 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 塩化アルカリ電解槽 |
BR9000773A (pt) * | 1989-02-28 | 1991-01-22 | Du Pont | Processo para a fabricacao de uma membrana de troca de catio; processo para a fabricacao de um tecido revestido; processo para a fabricacao de um fio revestido; membrana de troca de cation; processo aperfeicoado para a eletrolise de um haleto de metal alcalino; tecido de troca de cation e fio de troca de cation |
SE465966B (sv) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-11-25 | Permascand Ab | Elektrod foer elektrolys, foerfarande foer dess framstaellning samt anvaendningen av elektroden |
TW197475B (it) * | 1990-12-26 | 1993-01-01 | Eltech Systems Corp | |
SE505714C2 (sv) * | 1991-09-19 | 1997-09-29 | Permascand Ab | Elektrod med kanalbildande trådar, sätt att tillverka elektroden, elektrolyscell försedd med elektroden samt sätt vid elektrolys |
IT1279069B1 (it) * | 1995-11-22 | 1997-12-04 | Permelec Spa Nora | Migliorato tipo di elettrodo per elettrolizzatori a membrana a scambio ionico |
US5653857A (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1997-08-05 | Oxteh Systems, Inc. | Filter press electrolyzer electrode assembly |
JP2001152380A (ja) * | 1999-11-29 | 2001-06-05 | Tokuyama Corp | イオン交換膜電解槽 |
ES2533254T3 (es) * | 2002-11-27 | 2015-04-08 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Célula electrolítica bipolar, sin intersticios |
-
2007
- 2007-05-15 IT IT000980A patent/ITMI20070980A1/it unknown
-
2008
- 2008-03-14 CL CL200801402A patent/CL2008001402A1/es unknown
- 2008-04-25 TW TW097115149A patent/TW200902767A/zh unknown
- 2008-05-14 PL PL08759575T patent/PL2147133T3/pl unknown
- 2008-05-14 PT PT08759575T patent/PT2147133E/pt unknown
- 2008-05-14 JP JP2010507912A patent/JP5193287B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-14 DE DE602008003789T patent/DE602008003789D1/de active Active
- 2008-05-14 WO PCT/EP2008/055887 patent/WO2008138945A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-05-14 RU RU2009146284/07A patent/RU2436871C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-05-14 CA CA002687319A patent/CA2687319A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-05-14 DK DK08759575.7T patent/DK2147133T3/da active
- 2008-05-14 MX MX2009012314A patent/MX2009012314A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-05-14 ES ES08759575T patent/ES2357080T3/es active Active
- 2008-05-14 CN CN2008800158766A patent/CN101707932B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-14 KR KR1020097026193A patent/KR20100023873A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-05-14 BR BRPI0811852-3A2A patent/BRPI0811852A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-05-14 AU AU2008249990A patent/AU2008249990B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-05-14 AT AT08759575T patent/ATE490354T1/de active
- 2008-05-14 EP EP08759575A patent/EP2147133B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-05-15 AR ARP080102058A patent/AR066579A1/es unknown
-
2009
- 2009-10-15 IL IL201541A patent/IL201541A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-11-11 EG EG2009111668A patent/EG25970A/xx active
- 2009-11-13 US US12/617,773 patent/US20100059389A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2010
- 2010-10-28 HK HK10110136.2A patent/HK1143615A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3361656A (en) * | 1966-05-16 | 1968-01-02 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Wicking electrode for an electrolytic cell |
US3589942A (en) * | 1966-12-22 | 1971-06-29 | Cons Natural Gas Svc | Bipolar collector plates |
US4344832A (en) * | 1979-07-03 | 1982-08-17 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. | Electrode system for a fuel or electrolysis cell arrangement |
DD244769A1 (de) * | 1985-12-23 | 1987-04-15 | Eilenburger Chemie | Vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung elektrochemischer prozesse |
US5676808A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-10-14 | Permelec Electrode Ltd. | Electrolytic cell using gas diffusion electrode |
WO2006084745A2 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-08-17 | Uhdenora S.P.A. | Electrode for electrolytic cell |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014096534A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Outotec Oyj | Electrode for an electrolytic process and the use of an electrode |
US20220025530A1 (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2022-01-27 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrode for electrolysis and laminate |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HK1143615A1 (en) | 2011-01-07 |
AR066579A1 (es) | 2009-08-26 |
JP2010526938A (ja) | 2010-08-05 |
KR20100023873A (ko) | 2010-03-04 |
ES2357080T3 (es) | 2011-04-18 |
TW200902767A (en) | 2009-01-16 |
CA2687319A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
MX2009012314A (es) | 2009-12-03 |
CN101707932B (zh) | 2011-07-27 |
AU2008249990A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
BRPI0811852A2 (pt) | 2014-11-18 |
PT2147133E (pt) | 2011-02-24 |
CN101707932A (zh) | 2010-05-12 |
ATE490354T1 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
EG25970A (en) | 2012-11-13 |
ITMI20070980A1 (it) | 2008-11-16 |
DE602008003789D1 (de) | 2011-01-13 |
EP2147133A2 (en) | 2010-01-27 |
CL2008001402A1 (es) | 2008-08-22 |
IL201541A (en) | 2013-03-24 |
DK2147133T3 (da) | 2011-02-28 |
IL201541A0 (en) | 2010-05-31 |
WO2008138945A3 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
JP5193287B2 (ja) | 2013-05-08 |
PL2147133T3 (pl) | 2011-05-31 |
RU2436871C2 (ru) | 2011-12-20 |
AU2008249990B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
US20100059389A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
EP2147133B1 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
RU2009146284A (ru) | 2011-06-20 |
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