WO2008075517A1 - 多色燐光発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び照明装置 - Google Patents
多色燐光発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008075517A1 WO2008075517A1 PCT/JP2007/071983 JP2007071983W WO2008075517A1 WO 2008075517 A1 WO2008075517 A1 WO 2008075517A1 JP 2007071983 W JP2007071983 W JP 2007071983W WO 2008075517 A1 WO2008075517 A1 WO 2008075517A1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
-
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Definitions
- Multicolor phosphorescent organic-elect luminescence element and lighting device Multicolor phosphorescent organic-elect luminescence element and lighting device
- the present invention relates to a multicolor phosphorescent organic electoluminescence element having a plurality of phosphorescent dopants having different emission wavelengths, and particularly emitting white light, and an illumination device using the same.
- ELD electoric luminescence display
- constituent elements of ELD include an inorganic electoluminescence device (hereinafter also referred to as an inorganic EL device) and an organic electroluminescence device (hereinafter also referred to as an organic EL device).
- Inorganic EL devices have been used as planar light sources, but AC high voltage is required to drive the light emitting devices.
- an organic electoluminescence device has a structure in which a light emitting layer containing a light emitting compound is sandwiched between a cathode and an anode, and injects electrons and holes into the light emitting layer to recombine them. It is an element that emits light by using the emission of light (fluorescence / phosphorescence) when excitons are generated and the excitons are deactivated, and can emit light at a voltage of several volts to several tens of volts. Furthermore, since it is a self-luminous type, it has a wide viewing angle, and since it is a thin-film type completely solid element with high visibility, it is attracting attention from the viewpoints of space saving and portability.
- the organic-electric-mouth luminescence element When used as such a light source for illumination or as a knock light for a display, it should be used as a light source that exhibits white or a so-called light bulb color (hereinafter collectively referred to as white). become.
- white light emission with an organic-electto-luminescence device multiple light-emitting dopants with different emission wavelengths can be prepared in one device.
- a method to obtain white by adjusting and mixing colors a method to obtain multi-colored light-emitting pixels, for example, blue 'green' and red to emit light at the same time and mixing them to obtain white, and to obtain white using a color conversion dye
- methods for example, a combination of a blue light emitting material and a color conversion fluorescent dye.
- the white color is obtained by mixing two complementary light emitting dopants in the element, for example, a blue light emitting dopant and a yellow light emitting dopant. And a method of obtaining white by mixing three colors of light emitting dopants of blue 'green' and red.
- an organic electoluminescence device that emits white light
- two or more luminescent dopants coexist in one layer rather than having different layers of different emission colors in one layer, resulting in high emission energy.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an organic electroluminescent device characterized in that a red light emitting layer and a blue light emitting layer are sequentially provided from an anode, and the red light emitting layer contains at least one green light emitting dopant. ing.
- Patent Document 4 Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). reference.
- Emission from conventional fluorescent materials is emission from excited singlets, and the generation ratio of singlet excitons to triplet excitons is 1: 3, so the generation probability of luminescent excited species is 25%.
- phosphorescent light emitting diodes utilizing light emission from excited triplets In the case of punts, the upper limit of internal quantum efficiency is 100% due to the exciton generation ratio and the internal conversion from singlet excitons to triplet excitons. The luminous efficiency is up to 4 times.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-6-207170
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-2004-235168
- Patent Document 4 U.S. Pat.No. 6,097,147
- Non-patent document 1 MA Baldo et al., Nature, 395, 151-; 154 (1998)
- Non-patent document 2 MA Baldo et al., Nature, 403, 17, 750-753 (200) 0 years)
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to improve power efficiency in an organic electoluminescence device having a plurality of phosphorescent dopants having different emission wavelengths and exhibiting white light emission.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a multicolor phosphorescent organic-electric-luminescence element having excellent, long life, excellent storage stability, and excellent chromaticity driving current stability, and an illumination device using the same.
- a multicolor phosphorescent organic electoluminescence device characterized by having a light emitting layer B having an emission maximum wavelength of 480 nm or less on the cathode side.
- the light emitting dopant contained in the light emitting layer B located on the cathode side and having a light emission maximum wavelength of 480 nm or less has at least one partial structure selected from the following general formulas (A) to (C):
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group
- Rb and Rc each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- A1 forms an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group
- Rc represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- A1 represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group
- Rb and Rc each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- A1 represents an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring. It represents the residue necessary to form
- M represents Ir or Pt.
- the light emitting layer B having a maximum emission wavelength of 480 nm or less contains a host compound represented by the following general formula (a): Color phosphorescent light emitting organic electoluminescence element.
- X represents NR ′, ⁇ , S, CR ′ R / f or SiR ′ R / f .
- R ′ and R ′′ each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Ar represents an aromatic ring.
- N represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- the glass transition temperature of the host compound contained in the light-emitting layer B having an emission maximum wavelength of 480 nm or less is 90 ° C or more, and the lowest excited triplet energy is 2.7 eV or more.
- the multicolor phosphorescent light emitting organic electoluminescence element according to any one of 1 to 5,
- the multicolor as described in 7 above further comprising a light emitting layer D containing a light emitting dopant having a long emission maximum wavelength and a light emitting dopant contained in the light emitting layer B, adjacent to the light emitting layer B.
- Phosphorescent organic electroluminescence device Phosphorescent organic electroluminescence device.
- the emission color is white or light bulb color with X value in the range of 0.37 ⁇ 0.1 and y value in the range of 0.37 ⁇ 0.07 in accordance with the chromaticity of CIE1931 color system.
- the multicolor phosphorescent organic electoluminescence device according to any one of items 1 to 8, wherein
- the phosphor has a plurality of phosphorescent dopants having different emission wavelengths, and particularly emits white light.
- An organic electroluminescent luminescence device that exhibits excellent power efficiency, long life, excellent storage stability, and excellent chromaticity versus driving current stability, and It was possible to provide an illuminating device using the.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a lighting device incorporating the organic EL element of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a lighting device incorporating the organic EL element of the present invention. Explanation of symbols
- the emission color of the organic EL device of the present invention is shown in Fig. 4.16 on page 108 of "New Color Science Handbook” (edited by the Japan Color Society, University of Tokyo Press, 1985).
- a preferable chromaticity as a white element in the present invention is in the range of X value power 0.37 ⁇ 0.1 and direct color 0.37 ⁇ 0.07 in the CIE1931 color system.
- the light emitting layer unit may have a force S characterized by having at least two light emitting layers, and a non-light emitting intermediate layer between each light emitting layer.
- the light emitting layer according to the present invention is a layer that emits light by recombination of electrons and holes injected from the electrode, the electron transport layer, or the hole transport layer, and the light emitting portion is within the layer of the light emitting layer. May be the interface between the light emitting layer and the adjacent layer.
- the total film thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but the uniformity of the film to be formed, the application of an unnecessary high voltage during light emission is prevented, and the light emission color is stable with respect to the drive current. From the viewpoint of propensity, it is preferable to adjust to a range of 2 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably to a range of 5 nm to 40 nm. Further, the film thickness of each light emitting layer is preferably adjusted in the range of 2 nm to; OOnm, and more preferably in the range of 5 nm or more and 30 nm or less.
- a light emitting dopant or host compound described later is used, for example, a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method (Langmuir-Projet method), an inkjet method, or the like.
- the film can be formed by the thin film forming method.
- the same light emitting layer has at least one light emitting layer A containing two or more kinds of light emitting dopants having different light emission wavelengths, and the light emitting dopant with the highest concentration used for the light emitting layer A. Is 4 mass% or more and 20 mass% or less, and the cathode side from the light emitting layer A
- a light emitting layer B that emits light in a shorter wavelength is provided, and the content of the high-concentration light-emitting dopant is more preferably 7% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less.
- the present invention includes two or more types of phosphorescent light emitting dopants having different wavelengths, and has at least two light emitting layers, and the light emitting dopants are all phosphorescent light emitting dopants. It is characterized by that.
- the more preferable doping concentration range described above is more preferable. Turned out to be. If the concentration is lower than 4% by mass, the light emission efficiency is lowered, and if it is 20% by mass or more, good driving life cannot be obtained.
- a light emitting layer A containing two or more phosphorescent light emitting dopants having different light emission wavelengths in the same layer, and light emission having the light emission maximum wavelength located on the cathode side of the light emitting layer A of 480 nm or less. Between the cathodes of layer B, two or more phosphorescent dopants are contained in the same layer.
- the light emitting layer C containing the light emitting dopant with the longest light emission maximum wavelength is used, and the light emission maximum wavelength is 480 nm.
- the light emitting layer B is preferably adjacent to the following light emitting layer B.
- a host compound and a light-emitting dopant also referred to as a light-emitting host compound and a light-emitting dopant compound contained in the light-emitting layer will be described.
- the host compound contained in the light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably a compound having a phosphorescence quantum yield of phosphorescence emission at room temperature (25 ° C) of less than 0.1. More preferably, the phosphor has a phosphorescence quantum yield of less than 0.01. Further, among the compounds contained in the light emitting layer, the mass ratio in the layer is preferably 20% by mass or more.
- known host compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Use multiple host compounds to adjust charge transfer This makes it possible to increase the efficiency of organic EL devices.
- the luminescent host compound used in the present invention is not particularly limited in terms of structure, but is typically a power rubazole derivative, a triarylamine derivative, an aromatic borane derivative, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, Those having a basic skeleton such as thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, oligoarylene compounds, or carboline derivatives or diaza force rubazole derivatives (Here, diaza force rubazole derivatives are the hydrocarbon rings constituting the carboline ring of carboline derivatives. In which at least one carbon atom is substituted with a nitrogen atom.
- X represents NR, ⁇ , S, CR R "or SiR R"
- R ′ and R ⁇ each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Ar represents an aromatic ring.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- the substituents represented by R ′ and R ′ in X are each an alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert butyl group, a pentyl group) Group, hexyl group, octyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, etc.), cycloalkyl group (for example, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexinole group, etc.), alkenyl group (for example, vinyleno group, arinole group, etc.) 1 propenyl group, 2-buturyl group, 1,3 butagenyl group, 2 penturyl group, isopropenyl group, etc.), alkynyl group (eg, etulyl group, propargyl group, etc.), aromatic
- substituents may be further substituted with the above substituents.
- a plurality of these substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring! /.
- X is preferably NR ′ or O, and is particularly preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- examples of the aromatic ring represented by! / And Ar include an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring. Further, the aromatic ring may be a single ring or a condensed ring, may be further unsubstituted, or may have a substituent as described later.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by Ar includes a benzene ring, a biphenyl ring, a naphthalene ring, an azulene ring, an anthracene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a pyrene ring,
- examples of the aromatic heterocycle represented by Ar include a furan ring, a dibenzofuran ring, a thiophene ring, an oxazole ring, a pyrrole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, and a pyrazine.
- the rubazole ring, carboline ring, dibenzofuran ring, and benzene ring that are preferably used as the aromatic ring represented by Ar are particularly preferably used.
- a canolevazole ring, a carboline ring, and a benzene ring are particularly preferable, and a benzene ring having a strong rubazolyl group is preferable.
- the aromatic ring represented by Ar is preferably a condensed ring having three or more rings, as shown below, and is an aromatic in which three or more rings are condensed.
- the hydrocarbon fused ring include a naphthacene ring, anthracene ring, tetracene ring, pentacene ring, hexacene ring, phenanthrene ring, pyrene ring, benzopyrene ring, benzoazulene ring, taricene ring, benzochrysene ring, acenaphthene ring, Acenaphthylene ring, triphenylene ring, coronene ring, benzocoronene ring, hexabenzocoronene ring, fluorene ring, benzofluorene ring, fluoranthene ring, perylene ring, naphthperylene ring
- the aromatic heterocycle having three or more condensed rings specifically includes an ataridin ring, a benzoquinoline ring, a strong rubazole ring, a carboline ring, a phenazine ring, a phenanthridine ring, and a phenantorin ring.
- the aromatic ring represented by Ar may have a substituent, R ',
- n is preferably a force 0 to 2 representing an integer of 0 to 8, particularly 1 or 2 when X is ⁇ or S. .
- the host compound used in the present invention may be a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound having a repeating unit, and may be a low molecular compound having a polymerizable group such as a bur group or an epoxy group (deposition polymerization light emission). Even the host)
- the host compound a compound having a hole transporting ability and an electron transporting ability and preventing a long wavelength emission and having a high Tg (glass transition temperature) is preferable.
- the host compound according to the present invention a plurality of known host compounds may be used in combination.
- multiple types of host compounds it is possible to adjust the movement of charges, and the organic EL device can be made highly efficient.
- multiple types of phosphorescent compounds it is possible to mix different luminescence, thereby obtaining any luminescent color. I can help.
- White light emission is possible by adjusting the type of phosphorescent compound and the amount of doping, and it can also be applied to lighting and knocklights.
- the host compound may be different for each light-emitting layer, but the light-emitting layer containing two or more light-emitting dopants having different emission wavelengths in the same light-emitting layer, and the cathode side from the layer. More than 30% by mass of each host compound is preferable because it is preferable that 30% by mass or more of each host compound in the light emitting layer that emits light at shorter wavelengths is the same compound because excellent driving life characteristics are obtained. It is preferable that at least mass% is the same, and that all the host compounds are the same compound.
- the host compound has a minimum excited triplet energy (T) force greater than 2.7 Ev.
- the lowest excited triplet energy refers to the peak energy of the emission band corresponding to the transition between the lowest vibrational bands of the phosphorescence emission spectrum observed at a liquid nitrogen temperature when the host compound is dissolved in a solvent.
- the glass transition point (Tg) is a value obtained by a method based on JIS-K-7121 using DSC (Differential Scanning Colorimetry).
- the host material is responsible for carrier transport
- a material having carrier transport capability is preferable.
- carrier mobility is used as a physical property representing carrier transport ability
- the carrier mobility of organic materials generally depends on electric field strength. Since a material having a high electric field strength dependency easily breaks the balance of hole and electron injection / transport, it is preferable to use a material whose mobility is less dependent on the electric field strength as the intermediate layer material and the host material.
- a phosphorescent light-emitting dopant (hereinafter, phosphorescent emitter, phosphorescent compound, and phosphorescent compound) is used.
- the phosphorescent emitter according to the present invention is a compound in which light emission from an excited triplet is observed. Specifically, it is a compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.), and has a phosphorescence quantum yield of 25
- the phosphorescent quantum yield can be measured, for example, by the method described in the fourth edition, Experimental Chemistry Course 7, Spectroscopy II, page 398 (1992 edition, Maruzen). Phosphorescence quantum yield in solution can be measured using various solvents
- the phosphorescence emitter according to the present invention achieves the above phosphorescence quantum yield (0.01 or more) in any solvent. It only has to be done.
- phosphorescent light emitters There are two types of phosphorescent light emitters. One type is the recombination of carriers on the host compound to which carriers are transported, and the excited state of the host compound is generated.
- the energy transfer type in which light emission from the phosphorescent emitter is obtained by moving the phosphor to the phosphorescent emitter, and in the other type, the phosphorescent emitter becomes a carrier trap, and carrier recombination occurs on the phosphorescent emitter
- the force S which is a carrier trap type that can emit light from a phosphorescent emitter, in any case, the excited state of the phosphorescent emitter.
- the condition is that the energy is lower than the energy of the excited state of the host compound.
- the phosphorescent luminescent material is selected from the known materials used for the light emitting layer of the organic EL device, and is used with a force S.
- the phosphorescent emitter according to the present invention is preferably a complex compound containing a metal of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table of elements, more preferably an iridium compound or an osmium compound.
- platinum compound platinum complex compound
- rare earth complex a platinum compound (platinum complex compound) or a rare earth complex, and most preferred is an iridium compound.
- the present invention has a light emitting layer A containing two or more kinds of light emitting dopants having different light emitting wavelengths in the same light emitting layer, and a light emitting layer B located on the cathode side of the light emitting layer A and having a light emission maximum wavelength of 480 nm or less.
- the light emitting dopant contained in the light emitting layer B located on the cathode side is preferably a compound having at least one partial structure selected from the general formulas (A) and (C).
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group
- Rb Rc Rb Rc represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- A1 represents an aromatic group
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group
- Rb Rc represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- A1 represents an aromatic ring or Represents a residue necessary to form an aromatic heterocycle
- M represents Ir or Pt.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group, and the aliphatic group represented by Ra includes an alkyl group (for example, a methyl group).
- the aromatic group include a phenyl group, a trinole group, an azulenyl group, an anthranyl group, a phenanthrinole group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysanolate group, a naphthacenyl group, an o-terphenyl group, and an m-terphenyl group.
- P-terfenyl group P-terfenyl group, acenaphthyl group, coronenyl group, fluorenyl group, perylenyl group, and the like. It may have.
- the heterocyclic group include pyrrolyl group, indolyl group, furyl group, enyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, indridinyl group, quinolinyl group, carbazolyl group, indolinyl group, thiazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyridazinyl group, And thiadiazinyl group, oxadiazolyl group, benzoquinolinyl group, thiadiazolyl group, pyrothiathiazolyl group, pyrrolopyridazinyl group, tetrazolyl group, oxazolyl group, chromanyl group and the like. Have May be.
- Groups eg, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tert butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, etc.
- cycloalkyl groups For example, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, etc.), alkenyl group (for example, bur group, allyl group, etc.), alkynyl group (for example, ethul group, propargyl group, etc.), aryl group (for example, phenyl group, naphthyl group, etc.)
- An aromatic complex ring group for example, furyl group, chenyl group, pyridyl group, pyridazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyrazyl group, triazinyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl
- A1 represents a residue necessary for forming an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- the aromatic ring include a benzene ring, a biphenyl ring, Naphthalene ring, azulene ring, anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, pyrene ring, talycene ring, naphthacene ring, triphenyl diene ring, o terphenyl ring, m-terphenyl ring, p-terphenyl ring, acenaphthene ring, coronene ring, fluorene ring Fluoranthrene ring, naphthacene ring, pentacene ring, perylene ring, pentaphen ring, picene ring, pyrene ring, pyranthrene ring, anthraanthrene ring, etc
- the structures of the general formulas (A) to (C) are partial structures, and a ligand corresponding to the valence of the central metal is necessary in order to become a light emitting dopant of a complete structure.
- halogen for example, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom
- aryl group for example, phenyl group, p-phenyl group, mesityl group, trinole group, xylinole group, Biphenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, phenanthryl group, etc.
- alkyl group for example, methyl group, ethyl group, isopropyl group, hydroxyethyl group, methoxymethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, tbutyl group, etc.
- alkyloxy Group for example, aryloxy group, alkylthio group, arylthio group, aromatic heterocyclic group (for example,
- M represents Ir or Pt, and Ir is particularly preferable. Also preferred is a tris body with three partial structures of the general formulas (A) to (C), which is a complete structure! /.
- the ionization potential energy of the luminescent dopant is preferably higher than 5.
- leV small energy
- a non-light emitting intermediate layer (also referred to as an undoped region) may be provided between the light emitting layers.
- the film thickness of the non-light-emitting intermediate layer is preferably in the range of! ⁇ 50nm, more preferably 3 ⁇ ; in the range of! Onm, such as energy transfer between adjacent light emitting layers. It is preferable because it suppresses the action and does not give a large load to the current-voltage characteristics of the organic EL element.
- the material used for the non-light emitting intermediate layer may be the same as or different from the host compound of the light emitting layer, but the host material of at least one light emitting layer of two adjacent light emitting layers It is preferable that they are the same.
- the non-light emitting intermediate layer may contain a common compound (for example, a host compound) with each non-light emitting layer, and each common host material (where a common host material is used) Indicates that the physicochemical properties such as phosphorescence emission energy and glass transition point are the same, or the molecular structure of the host compound is the same). Interlayer injection barriers are reduced, and the effect of easily maintaining the injection balance of holes and electrons even when the voltage (current) is changed can be obtained. Furthermore, the use of a host material having the same physical characteristics or the same molecular structure as the host compound contained in each light-emitting layer in the undoped light-emitting layer is a major problem in conventional organic EL device fabrication. This eliminates the complexity of device fabrication.
- a common compound for example, a host compound
- each common host material where a common host material is used
- the non-light emitting intermediate layer functions as a blocking layer described later, that is, a hole blocking layer and an electron blocking layer. It is mentioned as an embodiment.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary, and may be present between the anode and the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer, and between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer.
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer in order to lower the driving voltage and improve the luminance of the light emission.
- OLED and its industrialization front line June 30, 1998) Tee The details are described in Part 2, Chapter 2, “Electrode Materials” (pages 123-166) of “1. Issued by S. Co., Ltd.”.
- anode buffer layer (hole injection layer) The details of the anode buffer layer (hole injection layer) are described in JP-A-9-45479, JP-A-9-260062, JP-A-8-288069, and the like.
- a phthalocyanine buffer layer represented by copper phthalocyanine an oxide buffer layer represented by vanadium oxide, an amorphous carbon buffer layer, a polymer buffer layer using a conductive polymer such as polyaniline (emeraldine) or polythiophene. Etc. It is also preferable to use the materials described in JP-T-2003-519432.
- cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) Details of the cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) are described in JP-A-6-325871, JP-A-9-17574, JP-A-10-74586, and the like.
- a metal buffer layer typified by aluminum or aluminum, an alkali metal compound buffer layer typified by lithium fluoride, an alkaline earth metal compound buffer layer typified by magnesium fluoride, or an oxide buffer typified by aluminum oxide
- an oxide buffer typified by aluminum oxide
- the buffer layer (injection layer) is a very thin film.
- the force depends on the material used.
- the film thickness is preferably in the range of 0.111 111 to 5111.
- the blocking layer is provided as necessary in addition to the basic constituent layer of the organic compound thin film. For example, see pages 237 of JP-A-11-204258, JP-A-11-204359, and “Organic EL device and its industrialization front line (published by NTS Corporation, November 30, 1998)”. There is a hole blocking layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer, and is composed of a hole blocking material having a function of transporting electrons and having a remarkably small ability to transport holes, and transports electrons. By blocking holes, the recombination probability of electrons and holes can be improved. Moreover, the structure of the electron carrying layer mentioned later can be used as a hole-blocking layer as needed.
- the hole blocking layer provided in the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably provided adjacent to the light emitting layer.
- the electron blocking layer has the function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a material that has a function of transporting holes and has an extremely small ability to transport electrons, and transports holes. However, by blocking electrons, the probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved. Moreover, the structure of the positive hole transport layer mentioned later can be used as an electron blocking layer as needed.
- the thickness of the hole blocking layer and the electron transporting layer according to the present invention is preferably 3 nm to 100 nm, and more preferably 5 nm to 30 nm.
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and in a broad sense, a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer are also included in the hole transport layer.
- the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or multiple layers.
- the hole transport material has either injection / transport of holes, electron barrier properties! /, Or a deviation, and may be either an organic substance or an inorganic substance.
- triazole derivatives oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, virazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives
- Examples thereof include stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers.
- aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds include N, N, N ', N-tetraphenenole 4, A'-diaminophenol, N, N-diphenolinole N, N' — Bis (3-methylphenyl) -1- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -1,4,4'-diamin (TPD); 2,2-bis (4-di-tritriaminophenyl) propane; 1-bis (4-di-tri-triaminoaminophenol) cyclohexane; N, N, N ', N' —tetra-tri-triol 4, A'-diaminobiphenyl; 1, 1-bis (4- Di-triarylaminophenyl) 4-phenyl hexane; bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane; bis (4-di-) —P triarylaminophene) phen
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- Inorganic compounds such as p-type Si and p-type SiC can also be used as the hole injecting material and hole transporting material.
- the hole transport layer is formed by thinning the hole transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an inkjet method, or an LB method. Can be more powerful to form.
- the film thickness of the hole transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 51 111 to 5 111, preferably 5 nm to 200 nm.
- This hole transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer. An entrance layer and a hole blocking layer are also included in the electron transport layer.
- the electron transport layer is provided with a single layer or multiple layers.
- any material having a function of transmitting electrons injected from the negative electrode to the light-emitting layer may be used as a material of the conventionally known compounds.
- nitrogen substitution is used. Examples include fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, force positive imides, fluorenylidene methane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, and the like.
- a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, and a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material.
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- metal complexes of 8 quinolinol derivatives such as tris (8 quinolinol) aluminum (Alq), tris (5,7-dichloro-1-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5,7-dib mouth mode)
- the central metal of these metal complexes is 8 quinolinol) anoreminium, tris (2 methinolay 8 -quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5-methyl 8-quinolinol) aluminum, bis (8-quinolinol) zinc (Zn q), etc.
- Metal complexes replacing Mg, Cu, Ca, Sn, Ga or Pb can also be used as electron transport materials.
- metal free or metal phthalocyanine, or those having terminal ends substituted with an alkyl group or a sulfonic acid group can be preferably used as the electron transporting material.
- the distyrylvirazine derivative exemplified as the material for the light emitting layer can also be used as an electron transport material, and, like the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer, n-type Si, n-type SiC, etc.
- Inorganic semiconductors can also be used as electron transport materials.
- the electron transport layer is formed by thinning the electron transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method. I can do it. Although there is no restriction
- the electron transport layer is one of the above materials. Or it may be a single layer structure consisting of two or more types.
- an electron transport material doped with impurities and having an n-type semiconductor property can also be used.
- examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-10-270172, JP-A-2000-196140, JP-A-2001-102175, J. Appl. Phys., 95, 5773 (2004). ) Etc.
- an electron transport material having such a ⁇ -type semiconductor property because a device with lower power consumption can be produced.
- the support substrate (hereinafter also referred to as a substrate, substrate, substrate, support, etc.) applied to the organic EL device of the present invention is not particularly limited in the type of glass, plastic, etc., and may be transparent. It may be opaque. When light is extracted from the support substrate side, the support substrate is preferably transparent. Examples of the transparent support substrate preferably used include glass, stone, and transparent resin film. A particularly preferable support substrate is a resin film capable of giving flexibility to the organic EL element.
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, cellose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and cell mouth acetate acetate.
- Cellulose esters such as Pionate (CAP), Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (TAC), Cellulose Nitrate or Derivatives thereof, Polyvinylidene Chloride, Polyvinylenorenoreconole, Polyethylene Vinylenorenoreconole, Syndiotactic Police Tylene, polycarbonate, norbornene resin, polymethylpentene, polyetherketone, polyimide, polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfones, poly -Terimide, polyether ketone imide, polyamide, fluororesin, nylon, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylic or polyarylates, Arton (trade name, made by JSR) or Vapell (trade name, made by Mitsui Chemicals), And cycloolefin-based resins.
- CAP Pionate
- TAC Cellulose Acetate Phthalate
- Polyvinylidene Chloride Polyvinylenorenor
- An inorganic film, an organic film, or a hybrid film of both may be formed on the surface of the resin film.
- any material that has a function of suppressing the intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of the element such as moisture and oxygen may be used.
- silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, and the like may be used.
- Examples of the sealing means used for sealing the organic EL element of the present invention include a method of bonding a sealing member, an electrode, and a support substrate with an adhesive.
- the sealing member may be in the form of a concave plate or a flat plate as long as it is disposed so as to cover the display area of the organic EL element. Moreover, transparency and electrical insulation are not particularly limited.
- Specific examples include a glass plate, a polymer plate 'film, a metal plate' film and the like.
- the glass plate include soda lime glass, norlium strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, norium borosilicate glass, and quartz.
- the polymer plate polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene tele Examples thereof include phthalate, polyether sulfide, polysulfone and the like.
- the metal plate include those made of one or more metals or alloys selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, zinc, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, silicon, germanium, and tantalum.
- a polymer film and a metal film can be preferably used because the organic EL element can be thinned. Furthermore, the polymer film, the oxygen permeability 10- 3 g / m 2 / day or less, the water vapor transmission rate 10- 3 g / m 2 / day arbitrary preferable be of less. Further, the water vapor permeability, it forces more preferably oxygen permeability are both less 10- 5 g / m 2 / day .
- the sealing member is processed into a concave shape by sandblasting, chemical etching, or the like.
- adhesives include photocuring and thermosetting adhesives having reactive bully groups such as acrylic acid oligomers and methacrylic acid oligomers, and moisture curing adhesives such as 2-cyanacrylate esters. be able to.
- heat- and chemical-curing type such as epoxy type can be mentioned.
- hot-melt polyamides, polyesters and polyolefins Moreover, a cationic curing type ultraviolet ray curing type epoxy resin adhesive can be mentioned.
- the adhesive can be cured from room temperature to 80 ° C. Further, a desiccant may be dispersed in the adhesive.
- the adhesive may be applied to the sealing part using a commercially available dispenser or printing like screen printing.
- the electrode and the organic layer are covered outside the electrode facing the support substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween, and an inorganic or organic layer is formed in contact with the support substrate to form a sealing film.
- the material for forming the film may be any material that has a function of suppressing the intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of the element such as moisture and oxygen.
- silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride Etc. can be used.
- the method for forming these films is not particularly limited, for example, vacuum deposition, sputtering, reactive sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, cluster ion beam, ion pre- A oneting method, a plasma polymerization method, an atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization method, a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, and the like can be used.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or an inert liquid such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or silicon oil is used.
- the power S is preferable.
- a vacuum can also be used. It is also possible to seal hygroscopic compounds inside.
- metal halides eg calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, cesium fluoride, tantalum fluoride, cerium bromide, magnesium bromide, barium iodide, magnesium iodide, etc.
- perchloric acids For example, barium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, etc. are mentioned, and anhydrous salts are preferably used in sulfates, metal halides and perchloric acids.
- a protective film or a protective plate may be provided outside the sealing film or the sealing film on the side facing the support substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween.
- the mechanical strength is not necessarily high, and thus it is preferable to provide such a protective film and a protective plate.
- the force that can be used for this S The material that can be used for the same glass plate, polymer plate 'film, metal plate' film, etc. used for the sealing, because it is lightweight and thin. It is preferable to use a polymer film.
- the pattern is formed through a mask of the desired shape during the deposition or sputtering of the electrode material. Also good. Or when using the substance which can be apply
- the cathode a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used.
- electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al O) mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture, Magnesium / aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as a cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / mouth or less.
- the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 m, preferably 50 nm to 200 nm.
- the anode or the cathode of the organic EL element is transparent or translucent, it is convenient to improve the light emission luminance.
- a transparent or translucent cathode is manufactured by forming the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode thereon. By applying this, an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transparent can be manufactured.
- a desired electrode material for example, a thin film having a material force for an anode is formed on an appropriate support substrate.
- An anode is produced by forming the film so as to have a film thickness of ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm, by vapor deposition or sputtering. Next, an organic compound thin film of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, and an electron transport layer, which are organic EL element materials, is formed thereon.
- the organic compound thin film can be thinned by vapor deposition or wet process.
- a thin film made of a cathode material is formed thereon by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering so as to have a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 200 nm.
- the organic EL device is preferably manufactured from the hole injection layer to the cathode consistently by a single evacuation, but may be taken out halfway and subjected to different film forming methods. At that time, it is necessary to consider that the work is performed in a dry inert gas atmosphere.
- the order of preparation may be reversed, and the cathode, the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer, the light emitting layer, the hole transport layer, the hole injection layer, and the anode may be formed in this order.
- a DC voltage is applied to the multicolor display device thus obtained, light emission can be observed by applying a voltage of about 2V to 40V with the anode as + and the cathode as one polarity.
- An alternating voltage may be applied.
- Na The applied AC waveform may be arbitrary.
- Organic-electric-luminescence elements emit light inside a layer that has a higher refractive index than air (refractive index of about 1.6 to 2.1), and about 15% to 20% of the light generated in the light-emitting layer It is generally said that only the light of the light can be extracted. This is because light incident on the interface (interface between the transparent substrate and air) at an angle ⁇ greater than the critical angle causes total reflection and cannot be extracted outside the device, or the transparent electrode or light emitting layer and the transparent substrate. The light is totally reflected between the light source and the light, and the light is guided through the transparent electrode or the light emitting layer.
- a technique for improving the light extraction efficiency for example, a method of forming irregularities on the surface of the transparent substrate to prevent total reflection at the interface between the transparent substrate and the air (for example, US Patent No. 4774435) ), Improving the efficiency by concentrating the substrate (for example, JP-A-63-314795), and forming a reflective surface on the side surface of the element (for example, JP-A-1-220394) Gazette), a method of introducing an antireflection film by introducing a flat layer having an intermediate refractive index between the substrate and the light emitter (for example, JP-A-62-172691), and between the substrate and the light emitter.
- these methods can be used in combination with the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention, but a flat layer having a lower refractive index than the substrate is provided between the substrate and the light emitter.
- a method of introducing or a method of forming a diffraction grating between any one of the substrate, the transparent electrode layer and the light emitting layer (including between the substrate and the outside) can be suitably used.
- the low refractive index layer examples include air-mouth gel, porous silica, magnesium fluoride, and fluorine. Examples thereof include base polymers. Since the refractive index of the transparent substrate is generally about 1.5 to about 1.7, the low refractive index layer preferably has a refractive index of about 1.5 or less. Furthermore, it is preferable that it is 1.35 or less! /.
- the thickness of the low refractive index medium is preferably at least twice the wavelength in the medium. This is because the effect of the low refractive index layer is diminished if the thickness of the low refractive index medium is about the wavelength of light and the electromagnetic wave exuded by evanescent enters the substrate.
- the method of introducing a diffraction grating into an interface that causes total reflection or in any medium has a feature that the effect of improving the light extraction efficiency is high.
- This method uses the property that a diffraction grating can change the direction of light to a specific direction different from refraction by so-called Bragg diffraction, such as first-order diffraction or second-order diffraction, and thus from the light-emitting layer.
- Bragg diffraction such as first-order diffraction or second-order diffraction
- the diffraction grating to be introduced preferably has a two-dimensional periodic refractive index. This is because light emitted from the light-emitting layer is randomly generated in all directions, so in a general one-dimensional diffraction grating having a periodic refractive index distribution only in a certain direction, only light traveling in a specific direction can be obtained. It is not diffracted and the light extraction efficiency does not increase so much.
- the refractive index distribution a two-dimensional distribution, light traveling in all directions is diffracted, and light extraction efficiency is increased.
- the position where the diffraction grating is introduced may be in any of the layers or in the medium (in the transparent substrate or the transparent electrode), but is preferably in the vicinity of the organic light emitting layer where light is generated.
- the period of the diffraction grating is preferably about 1/2 to 3 times the wavelength of light in the medium.
- the arrangement of the diffraction gratings is preferably two-dimensionally repeated, such as a square lattice, a triangular lattice, or a honeycomb lattice.
- the organic electoluminescence device of the present invention is processed so as to provide, for example, a structure on a microlens array on the light extraction side of a support substrate (substrate), or by combining with a so-called condensing sheet, By collecting light in a specific direction, for example, in the front direction with respect to the element light emitting surface, the luminance in the specific direction can be increased.
- a microlens array a quadrangular pyramid with a side of 30 mm and an apex angle of 90 degrees is arranged two-dimensionally on the light extraction side of the substrate. One side is 10m ⁇ ; 100m is preferred. If it is smaller than this, the effect of diffraction is generated, and if the color is too large, the thickness becomes thick, which is not preferable.
- the light condensing sheet for example, a material that is put into practical use in an LED backlight of a liquid crystal display device can be used.
- a brightness enhancement film (BEF) manufactured by Sumitomo 3EM may be used.
- the shape of the prism sheet for example, the base material may have an octagonal stripe with an apex angle of 90 degrees and a pitch of 50 ⁇ 111, or the apex angle is rounded and the pitch is random. The shape may be changed to other shapes or other shapes.
- a light diffusing plate 'film may be used in combination with a condensing sheet.
- a diffusion film made by Kimoto Co., Ltd.
- a display device to which the organic EL element of the present invention is applied will be described.
- the cathode, electron transport layer, hole blocking layer, and light emitting layer unit (having at least three layers of the above light emitting layers A, B, and C, with non-light emitting properties between the light emitting layers) It is also possible to manufacture the hole transport layer and the anode in this order.
- a DC voltage is applied to the multicolor or white display device thus obtained, light emission can be observed by applying a voltage of about 2 to 40 V with the positive polarity of the anode and the negative polarity of the cathode.
- a voltage is applied with the opposite polarity, no current flows and no light emission occurs.
- an AC voltage when an AC voltage is applied, light is emitted only when the anode is in the + state and the cathode is in the-state.
- the AC waveform to be applied is arbitrary!
- the organic EL device of the present invention may be used as a kind of lamp for illumination or an exposure light source, or a projection device for projecting an image, or directly viewing a still image or a moving image. It may be used as a type of display device (display).
- the drive method may be either a simple matrix (passive matrix) method or an active matrix method.
- patterning may be performed using a metal mask, an ink jet printing method, or the like, as necessary, during film formation.
- patterning only the electrode may be patterned, the electrode and the light emitting layer may be patterned, or the entire element layer may be patterned.
- the light emitting dopant used in the light emitting layer is not particularly limited.
- the platinum complex according to the present invention is adapted so as to conform to the wavelength range corresponding to the CF (color filter) characteristics.
- any one of the known luminescent dopants may be selected and combined, or may be combined with the light extraction and / or light collecting sheet according to the present invention to be whitened.
- the white organic EL element of the present invention is combined with CF (color filter), and the element and the drive transistor circuit are arranged in accordance with the CF (color filter) pattern.
- CF color filter
- the element and the drive transistor circuit are arranged in accordance with the CF (color filter) pattern.
- Range 7 by obtaining blue light, green light, and red light through the blue filter, green filter, and red filter using white light extracted from the organic-electric-luminescence element as a backlight.
- a full-color organic-electric luminescence display with a low driving voltage and a long life can be obtained, which is preferable.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be used as a display device, a display, and various light sources.
- light sources include home lighting, interior lighting, back lights for watches and liquid crystals, billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources for optical storage media, light sources for electrophotographic copying machines, light sources for optical communication processors, light sources for optical sensors. Is not limited to this! / In particular, it can be effectively used as a backlight for various display devices combined with a color filter, a light diffusion plate, a light extraction film, and the like, and as a light source for illumination.
- the organic EL device of the present invention Utilizing the characteristics of the organic EL device of the present invention, it can be applied to various lighting fixtures and light emitting displays as shown below.
- Display products include store product display, frozen & refrigerated showcases, museums / art galleries, illumination of exhibition items such as exhibition halls, vending machines, play tables, and traffic advertisements.
- Store product displays include decorative displays and showcases, POPs and signs for the store itself.
- stores high-end brand stores, precious metals, fashion, high-class restaurants, and other stores that place an emphasis on the brand image, the impact of lighting on store images is extremely large, so lighting with strong commitment Is the selected field.
- OLED the structure of the building has been devised so that the light source can not be seen directly. It is possible to improve the workability, such as eliminating the need for the space between the light source and the diffusion plate because it is not necessary or when the diffused light is created in the interior or signage, and the shape of the light source cannot be seen through. .
- Frozen 'refrigerated showcases are placed in supermarkets and convenience stores, etc., making fresh foods such as vegetables, fruits, fresh fish, and meats more vivid and easier to see as products that are full of beauty and freshness.
- Lighting equipment is one of the important parts to make it easier to install.
- the use of an organic EL light source significantly reduces the light source space because it is thin and has a low impact on the cooling function due to low temperature light emission.
- the ability to be able to expand the storage space also makes it easy to select and quickly pick up food with a smart design, and it can naturally appeal to consumers with easy-to-understand color light. Can contribute.
- Vending machines use light sources for push buttons, product samples, and posters on the front of the machine.
- Transportation advertisements include posters and signboards in public spaces, internal posters and screens such as trains and buses, and advertisements attached to the car body.
- posters and billboards are box-type fluorescent lamps that use backlights. By changing to organic EL, the box itself can be made lighter and lighter.
- interior lighting / built-in lighting for building materials In terms of architecture, a combination of floors, walls, ceilings, etc. and lighting is called “architectural lighting”. Typical examples of “architectural lighting” include cornice lighting, troffer lighting, corp lighting, light ceiling, and louver ceiling, depending on the method used. These require lighting sources to be built into the ceiling wall of the ceiling, extinguishing the presence and signs of lighting, and the building materials themselves to emit light.
- the light source using organic EL elements is the most suitable light source for "architecture lighting" because of its thinness, lightness, color adjustment, and design variability, and even for interiors, furniture, and furniture. Applicable.
- Such architectural lighting which has been used only in stores and museums in the past, can be extended to ordinary homes through the deployment of organic EL light sources, and it is possible to find new demand.
- organic EL light sources are used in semi-underground stores, arcade ceilings, etc., and by changing the brightness and color temperature of lighting, an optimal commercial space that is not affected by the weather or day and night is built. be able to.
- Examples of interior 'furniture' furniture include storage of desks, chairs, cupboards / shoeboxes, lockers, washstands, Vietnamese altars, altars, bed lights, footlights, handrails, doors, shoji screens, etc. There is a force S, but it is not limited to that.
- organic EL elements can be used for external lighting fixtures and light-emitting displays, and in-vehicle lighting fixtures and light-emitting displays.
- the former is a (small) headlamp, auxiliary light, vehicle width light, fog lamp, direction indicator, etc. on the front, and a rear combination lamp on the rear, stop lamp, vehicle width light, back light, direction indicator light, etc. And license plate lights.
- it is possible to reduce the space for the rear lamp and widen the trunk room by forming a single rear combination lamp using organic EL elements and attaching it to the rear.
- the visibility of the vehicle can be increased by widening the area of the width lights and stop lamps.
- the wheel is an organic EL device By making it emit light, visibility from the side surface can also be improved.
- the entire body can be made of organic EL elements to emit light, and new ideas can be incorporated into the body color and design.
- the latter in-vehicle lighting fixtures and light-emitting displays include room lights, map lights, boarding lights at the bottom of doors, meter displays, car navigation displays, warning lights, and the like.
- the organic EL element taking advantage of the transparency of the organic EL element, it can be used as a sunroof during the daytime, or as a room light with a gentle surface light source that emits light at night.
- a lighting system made of organic EL elements can be attached to the back of the front seat, creating a handy lighting system that is easy for customers to use without disturbing the driver's driving and sacrificing the interior space. .
- the characteristics of the organic EL of the present invention can be utilized in lighting and display in a car in public transportation such as trains, subways, buses, airplanes, and ships.
- Fluorescent lamps and light bulbs are used in the room lighting S. These ceilings use indirect lighting reflected from the sides, giving the room a calm atmosphere and in the event of a trouble. It has been devised so that it will not break and glass fragments will not fall into the audience seats.
- Display and lighting to guide customers can also be used at facilities such as stations, bus stops, and airports attached to public transportation. Also, at night, outdoor bus stops, etc. People can be detected to brighten the lighting and contribute to crime prevention.
- the reading sensor is divided into a contact type sensor (CIS) combined with a 1 ⁇ optical system and a reduction type sensor (CCD linear) combined with a reduction optical system.
- CIS contact type sensor
- CCD linear reduction type sensor
- CIS Contact Image Sensor Module
- CISM Contact Image Sensor Module
- the sensor chip inside is sometimes called CIS. LED, xenon, CCFL lamp, LD, etc. are used for these light sources.
- Illumination light sources used for image sensors include fluorescent lamps, LEDs, and halogens. Among them, a uniform light is required for the backlight to illuminate transparent containers and lead frames from the background.
- the plant factory is “Anniversary production system of plants using high technology such as environmental control and automation”.
- Technology that automatically produces crops by controlling the plant cultivation environment with a computer without the need for manpower to be affected by the weather.
- the introduction of high technology in agriculture will necessitate the so-called industrialization of agriculture that leads to stable food production.
- LED and LD have been increasingly used as light sources for plant cultivation.
- Light sources such as high-pressure sodium lamps that are often used in the past have a poor spectral balance between red light and blue light, and a large amount of heat radiation increases the air conditioning load and requires a sufficient distance from the plant. For this reason, there is a drawback that the facility is enlarged.
- Light sources used in photo studios, studios, lighting photo boxes, etc. use halogens, tandastene, strobes, and fluorescent lights. These light sources are applied directly to the subject to add a strong shadow or diffuse light to create soft light with little shadow. A picture is made. In order to diffuse the light, there are methods such as sandwiching a diff user between the light source and the subject, or using reflected light applied to another surface (reflective plate, etc.).
- the organic EL light source is diffused light, and light corresponding to the latter can be emitted without using a diff user. In that case, the space between the light source and the diffuser required for the existing light source becomes unnecessary, or the direction of the light is adjusted at a subtle angle with a reflex plate, etc., and fine shadows are adjusted! /, There is an advantage that it can be implemented by bending the flexible organic EL itself.
- Household appliances are often equipped with light sources for ease of viewing details, ease of work, and design.
- sewing machines, microwave ovens, dishwashers / dryers, refrigerators, AV equipment, etc. have been equipped with a light source more than ever before. Therefore, a light source can be attached.
- Many existing lamps are equipped with incandescent bulbs or LEDs. In the future, we will install lighting at the tip of the vacuum cleaner to check the cleaning status of shadowed parts such as furniture, and install a light source of specific wavelength light on the shaver to check the shaving status. Development is possible.
- Such home appliances are required to be light and small as a whole and have a large storage space, and the light source portion is required to be able to illuminate the whole with as little space as possible.
- OLED thin and surface light sources can meet the demand.
- Organic EL is particularly advantageous because of its low emission temperature! It is also possible to detect the position of the skater and emit light according to its movement. Combined effects with spotlights and flashes linked to music rhythms are also effective for show-ups.
- the term “illumination” generally refers to the illumination of trees, but in recent years there have been many examples of the transition to decoration of objects such as houses, gates, and fences from the viewpoint of environmental protection. Yes.
- the mainstream of this is the use of a large number of point light sources, decorated in a line, and is expected to expand further with the advent of LEDs.
- Reflective products that protect the safety of pedestrians by attaching them to their belongings, shoes, and clothes, and reflecting the light from the headlights, in order to make it easier to be recognized by automobiles and motorcycles during nighttime outdoor walking and exercise. Reflective sheets etc. are sold and used.
- the glass bead type fine glass beads are present on the surface and the incoming light is retroreflected in the direction of the light source in the role of this lens. The light returns to the position and it appears to shine strongly.
- the prism type also has the same function but the lens structure.
- the glass bead type and the prism type feature that the glass bead type has a high reflection effect on light from an oblique direction, and the prism type has a reflection power that is more reflective than the glass bead type for light from the front.
- the light may have a relatively low reflection effect.
- an organic EL light source for these alternatives, the driver can be made aware of the pedestrian before the headlight hits the area, and safety can be secured. In addition, it can be made lighter and thinner than other light sources, so it can be effective while maintaining the merit of the seal. These can also be used for pet clothes that can be worn only by humans. In addition, it is possible to generate electricity by walking to emit light from clothes, etc., with an organic EL with low power consumption. In particular, it can be applied to clothes for identifying people, and can be used for early protection of the deaf, for example. There is a possibility that the diver's whereabouts can be confirmed and the body can be protected from spears by making the wet suit for diving emit light. Of course, shows etc. It can also be used for stage costumes and wedding dresses.
- Luminescent elements using organic EL elements can be effectively used for “visible light tags” that send simple messages and information using visible light. That is, by emitting a signal caused by blinking for an extremely short time, a large amount of information can be sent to the receiving side.
- the “visible light tag” can be incorporated together as a lighting facility, so there is no need for complicated additional installation work.
- the phosphor incorporating the organic EL element of the present invention can be easily selected in color tone, has low power consumption with no flickering like a fluorescent lamp, and is stable in color tone.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-269105 As a pest control device as shown in JP-A-2001-286373, as a mirror illumination as shown in JP-A-2001-286373, as a bathroom lighting system as shown in JP-A-2003-288995, JP-A-2004 — As an artificial light source for plant growth shown in Japanese Patent No. 321074, as a light emitter of a water pollution measuring device as shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- the substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes, and then this transparent support substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum deposition apparatus.
- Each of the deposition crucibles in the vacuum deposition apparatus was filled with the constituent material of each layer in an optimum amount for device fabrication.
- the crucible for vapor deposition was made of a resistance heating material made of molybdenum or tungsten.
- the pressure was reduced to a vacuum degree 1 X 10- 4 Pa, heated by supplying an electric current to the evaporation crucible containing the m-MTDATA, was deposited onto the transparent substrate at a deposition rate of 0. Inm / sec, A lOnm hole injection layer was provided.
- a-NPD was deposited in the same manner to provide a 30 nm hole transport layer.
- Exemplified compound Ir 1 and Exemplified compound 17 were co-deposited at a deposition rate of 0. Inm / sec so that Exemplified compound Ir 1 had a concentration of 6% by mass, and a 2 nm green phosphorescent emitting layer (Table 1 The light emitting layer 1) described in 1) was formed.
- Exemplified Compound Ir 14 and Exemplified Compound 17 were co-deposited at a deposition rate of 0. Inm / second so that Exemplified Compound Ir 14 would have a concentration of 12% by mass, and a 5 nm red phosphorescent emitting layer (see Table 1).
- the described light emitting layer 2) was formed.
- Exemplified Compound D 66 and Exemplified Compound 17 were co-evaporated at an evaporation rate of 0. Inm / sec so that Exemplified Compound D′-66 was 10% by mass, and an 18 nm blue phosphorescent light emitting layer (see Table 1) was obtained. Emission layer 3) Formed.
- Compound M-1 was vapor-deposited to a thickness of 5 nm to form a hole blocking layer, and CsF was co-deposited with Compound M-1 to a concentration of 10% by mass. An electron transport layer was formed. Furthermore, aluminum 11 Onm was vapor-deposited to form a cathode, and an organic EL device 1 was produced.
- the exemplified compound Ir 1 In the production of the organic EL element 1, after providing the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer, the exemplified compound Ir 1, the exemplified compound Ir 14 and the exemplified compound 17 are exemplified, and the exemplified compound Ir 1 is represented by 3% by mass.
- the compound Ir 14 is co-deposited at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / sec so as to have a concentration of 3% by mass to form a 20 nm green-red phosphorescent emitting layer (luminescent layer 1 shown in Table 1).
- Exemplified Compound 17 were co-evaporated so that Exemplified Compound D'-66 was at a concentration of 10% by mass to form an 18 nm blue phosphorescent emitting layer (Emitting Layer 2 shown in Table 1).
- An organic EL device 2 was produced in the same manner except that the above was completed.
- the concentrations of the exemplified compound 1 and the exemplified compound 14 in the green-red phosphorescent light emitting layer (the light emitting layer 1 shown in Table 1) and the film thickness of the light emitting layer are as shown in Table 1. Except for the change, organic EL elements 3-7 were produced in the same manner, and lighting devices 3-7 were produced using them.
- the numerical value in () represents the content rate (%). However, for the dopant of the electron transport layer, it represents the film thickness ratio (%) with respect to the entire electron transport layer.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a lighting device, and the organic EL element 101 is covered with a glass cover 102.
- the sealing with the glass cover was performed in a glove box (in an atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen gas with a purity of 99.999% or more) in a nitrogen atmosphere without bringing the organic EL element 101 into contact with the atmosphere.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the lighting device.
- 105 denotes a cathode
- 106 denotes an organic EL layer
- 107 denotes a glass substrate with a transparent electrode.
- the glass cover 102 is filled with nitrogen gas 108, and a water catching agent 109 is provided.
- the organic EL devices 3 to 6 of the present invention are comparative examples. It can be seen that the organic EL elements 1 and 7 are superior in both power efficiency and drive life. In particular, the organic EL element 4, 5 in the preferred dopant concentration ranges of the present invention, power efficiency and desirability balance between both the operation life was taken les, expressing the performance! /, Rukoto force s Such .
- the organic EL device 5 described in Example 1 was similarly prepared except that the host compound and the film thickness of the green-red light emitting layer (the light emitting layer 1 in Example 1) were changed as shown in Table 3. 8 to 11 were prepared.
- the numerical value in () represents the content rate (%).
- the film thickness ratio (%) with respect to the whole electron carrying layer is represented.
- Organic EL devices 12 to 14 were prepared in the same manner as in the organic EL device 5 described in Example 1, except that the host compound and film thickness of the blue light emitting layer were changed as shown in Table 5.
- the triplet energies (T) defined in the description of the present invention of the host exemplified compounds 16, 17, 110, and 131 of the blue light emitting layer were all greater than 2.7 eV.
- the numerical value in 0 represents the content rate (%).
- the film thickness ratio (%) with respect to the whole electron carrying layer is represented.
- the organic EL device 15 using the blue light emitting dopant exemplified compound Ir 12 having a large ionization potential is larger in power efficiency than the organic EL device 5. This is because it is necessary to increase the film thickness of the blue light emitting layer and the hole blocking layer in order to obtain white light emission within the above chromaticity. It is presumed that the hole trapping ability with a large ionization potential is inferior to the dopant exemplified compound —66. Therefore, it can be seen that in the organic EL device having the configuration of the present invention, it is preferable that the ionization potential is higher than 5. leV (low energy), which is preferable for obtaining power efficiency. [0286] Example 5
- the light emitting layer 3 containing the light emitting dopant example compound Ir 14 having the longest maximum emission wavelength is provided adjacent to the cathode side of the blue light emitting layer.
- Organic EL elements 16 and 17 were produced in the same manner except that the thicknesses of the green-red light emitting layer and the blue light emitting layer were changed as shown in Table 9.
- Chromaticity variation width front luminance 300cd / m 2 ⁇ ; calculated 1500 cd / m 2 in the CIE 1931 x, the variation maximum distance delta E of y ⁇ t by the following equation.
- ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ 2 + A y 2 ) 1 2
- Table 10 shows the results obtained as described above.
- the light-emitting layer containing the light-emitting dopant example compound Ir14 having the longest maximum emission wavelength adjacent to the cathode side of the blue light-emitting layer with respect to the organic EL element 5 It can be seen that the organic EL elements 16 and 17 provided with 3 have excellent chromaticity stability against changes in drive current (luminance change) that would destroy power efficiency and drive life.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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US12/519,075 US8299787B2 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-11-13 | Multicolor phosphorescent organic electroluminescent element and lighting system |
JP2008550065A JP5532605B2 (ja) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-11-13 | 多色燐光発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び照明装置 |
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JP2006-339693 | 2006-12-18 | ||
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WO2008075517A1 true WO2008075517A1 (ja) | 2008-06-26 |
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PCT/JP2007/071983 WO2008075517A1 (ja) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-11-13 | 多色燐光発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び照明装置 |
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WO (1) | WO2008075517A1 (ja) |
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JP5532605B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
JPWO2008075517A1 (ja) | 2010-04-08 |
US20100026175A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
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