WO2008041604A1 - Procédé de traitement laser - Google Patents
Procédé de traitement laser Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008041604A1 WO2008041604A1 PCT/JP2007/068820 JP2007068820W WO2008041604A1 WO 2008041604 A1 WO2008041604 A1 WO 2008041604A1 JP 2007068820 W JP2007068820 W JP 2007068820W WO 2008041604 A1 WO2008041604 A1 WO 2008041604A1
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- Prior art keywords
- processing
- laser
- condensing lens
- region
- laser beam
- Prior art date
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 3
- YGLMVCVJLXREAK-MTVMDMGHSA-N 1,1-dimethyl-3-[(1S,2R,6R,7S,8R)-8-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decanyl]urea Chemical compound C([C@H]12)CC[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](NC(=O)N(C)C)[C@H]2C1 YGLMVCVJLXREAK-MTVMDMGHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000018583 New-onset refractory status epilepticus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
- B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/048—Automatically focusing the laser beam by controlling the distance between laser head and workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
- B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
- B23K26/53—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/0005—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by breaking, e.g. dicing
- B28D5/0011—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by breaking, e.g. dicing with preliminary treatment, e.g. weakening by scoring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/02373—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02381—Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02656—Special treatments
- H01L21/02664—Aftertreatments
- H01L21/02667—Crystallisation or recrystallisation of non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials, e.g. regrowth
- H01L21/02675—Crystallisation or recrystallisation of non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials, e.g. regrowth using laser beams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67092—Apparatus for mechanical treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laser heating method for cutting a plate-like workpiece along a planned cutting line.
- a technique for cutting a plate-like workpiece along a planned cutting line there is a technique called a blade dicing method (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a blade dicing method a plate-like workpiece is pasted on an expandable sheet stretched on an annular frame, this is fixed on a mounting table, and the workpiece is cut by a cutting blade that rotates at high speed. Cut along.
- the cutting blade is moved relative to the workpiece only in the area inside the frame.
- the plate-like workpiece is attached to an expandable sheet stretched on an annular frame, This is fixed on the mounting table, and the processing area is irradiated with the processing laser light by aligning the condensing point with the condensing lens inside the object to be processed, so that the modified region that is the starting point of cutting becomes the line to be cut.
- Some of them are formed along the inside of the workpiece (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 1 JP 2006-13312 A
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-273895
- the laser processing method as described above has the following problems.
- the measuring laser beam is condensed by a condensing lens
- the amount of reflected light of the measuring laser beam is detected, and when the amount of light exceeds a predetermined threshold, the modified region is set as the object to be processed.
- the laser beam for processing is condensed by a condensing lens.
- the condensing lens is moved relative to the object to be processed, including the region outside the frame, a frame having a high reflectance as the object to be processed is erroneously recognized as the object to be processed. There is a risk of irradiating the processing laser beam on the frame and damaging the frame, and eventually damaging the workpiece.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a laser processing method capable of preventing the frame from being damaged by irradiating the processing laser beam on the frame.
- a laser processing method collects a condensing lens inside a plate-like workpiece attached to an expandable sheet stretched on an annular frame.
- a step of setting a processing region having an outer shape between the processing object and the frame, and at least one of the condensing lens and the processing object is relatively moved along the line including the line to be cut to collect the processing area.
- the measurement laser beam is condensed toward the processing area by the condensing lens and reflected by the laser light irradiation surface of the workpiece.
- the focal point of the processing laser beam is focused at a predetermined position relative to the laser beam-irradiated surface, while adjusting the distance between the laser light irradiation surface and the converging lens, a lens for concentrating light of the processing laser beam And the step of focusing on the workpiece and forming the modified region inside the workpiece.
- the laser processing method according to the present invention adds a condensing point with a condensing lens inside a plate-like workpiece attached to an expandable sheet stretched on an annular frame.
- a laser processing method for forming a modified region, which is a starting point of cutting, inside a processing object along a planned cutting line of the processing object by irradiating a laser beam for processing A process of setting a processing region having an outer shape between the frame and at least one of the condensing lens and the object to be processed is relatively moved along a line including the line to be cut.
- the measurement laser beam is focused on the processing area by the condensing lens and reflected from the laser beam irradiation surface of the workpiece.
- the laser light irradiation surface By detecting the Adjusting the distance between the laser light irradiation surface and the condensing lens so that the light spot matches a predetermined position with respect to the laser light irradiation surface, obtaining adjustment information regarding the adjustment, and When at least one of the condensing lens and the object to be processed is relatively moved along the included line, and the condensing lens is positioned on the processing area, the laser light irradiation surface is based on the adjustment information. And adjusting the distance between the focusing lens and the condensing lens, condensing the processing laser beam toward the target object with the condensing lens, and forming a modified region inside the target object; and , Including.
- At least one of the condensing lens and the processing object is relatively moved along a line including the cutting target line of the processing object, and the processing object and the frame are moved.
- the condensing lens is positioned on the processing area having an outer shape between them, the laser beam for measurement is condensed toward the processing area by the condensing lens, and the laser light irradiation surface of the object to be processed The reflected light of the laser beam for measurement reflected by is detected.
- the laser light irradiation surface and the condensing lens are set so that the condensing point of the processing laser light is in a predetermined position with respect to the laser light irradiation surface.
- the laser beam for processing is condensed toward the object to be processed by the condensing lens while adjusting the distance to the object, and a modified region is formed inside the object to be processed.
- the condensing lens is positioned on the processing region having the outer shape between the processing object and the frame. In this case, the processing laser light is condensed toward the object to be processed by the condensing lens, and a modified region is formed inside the object to be processed.
- the modified region is formed by causing multiphoton absorption or other light absorption inside the workpiece by irradiating a laser beam with the focusing point inside the workpiece. Is done.
- the measuring laser light is condensed toward the processing region by the condensing lens and processed.
- the amount of reflected light of the measurement laser beam reflected by the area is detected, and when the amount of light exceeds a predetermined threshold, the processing laser beam is focused at a predetermined position with respect to the laser light irradiation surface. It is preferable to adjust the distance between the laser light irradiation surface and the condensing lens so as to match. As a result, the modified region can be accurately formed at a predetermined position on the basis of the laser light irradiation surface with a force S.
- the measurement laser light is condensed toward the processing region by the condensing lens and processed.
- the amount of reflected light of the measurement laser light reflected by the area is detected, and when the light amount exceeds a predetermined threshold, the condensed image of the reflected light of the measurement laser light with astigmatism added is constant. It is preferable to adjust the distance between the laser light irradiation surface and the condensing lens so that As a result, even if the laser light irradiation surface of the workpiece has surface deflection, the modified region can be accurately formed at a position at a certain distance from the laser light irradiation surface.
- the object to be processed includes a semiconductor substrate and the modified region includes a melted region.
- the processing laser beam is irradiated to the frame. This can prevent the frame from being damaged.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of an object to be processed during laser processing by the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of the workpiece shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of an object to be processed after laser processing by the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of the workpiece shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V—V of the workpiece shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of a processing object cut by the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the peak power density and the crack spot size in the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the object to be processed in the first step of the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an object to be processed in a second step of the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an object to be processed in a third step of the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an object to be processed in a fourth step of the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing a photograph of a cross section of a part of a silicon wafer cut by the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength of laser light and the internal transmittance of the silicon substrate in the laser processing method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a plan view of a workpiece to be processed by the laser processing method of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a partial sectional view taken along line XV—XV shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a configuration diagram of a laser processing apparatus in which the laser processing method of the present embodiment is performed.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a laser processing method of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of the laser processing method of the present embodiment following FIG.
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of the laser processing method of the present embodiment, following FIG. 18.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of the laser processing method of the present embodiment, following FIG. 19.
- the intensity of the laser beam is determined by the peak power density (W / cm 2 ) at the condensing point of the laser beam.
- the multiphoton is obtained under a condition where the peak density is lX10 8 (W / cm 2 ) or more.
- the peak power density is obtained by (the energy per pulse of the laser beam at the focal point) ⁇ (the laser beam beam spot cross-sectional area X the nose width).
- the intensity of the laser beam is determined by the electric field intensity (W / cm 2 ) at the condensing point of the laser beam.
- a surface 3 of a wafer-like (plate-like) workpiece 1 has a scheduled cutting line 5 for cutting the workpiece 1.
- Planned cutting Inn 5 is an imaginary line extending in a straight line.
- the modified region 7 is irradiated with the laser beam L with the focusing point P aligned inside the workpiece 1 under the condition that multiphoton absorption occurs.
- the condensing point P is a part where the laser beam is condensed.
- the planned cutting line 5 is not limited to a straight line but may be a curved line! /, And not only a virtual line but also a line actually drawn on the workpiece 1! /.
- the laser light L is moved along the planned cutting line 5 by moving the laser beam L along the planned cutting line 5 (that is, in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1). .
- the modified region 7 is formed inside the workpiece 1 along the planned cutting line 5, and the modified region 7 becomes the cutting start region 8.
- the cutting starting point region 8 means a region that becomes a starting point of cutting (cracking) when the workpiece 1 is cut.
- This cutting starting point region 8 may be formed by continuously forming the modified region 7 or may be formed by intermittently forming the modified region 7.
- the laser beam L is hardly absorbed by the surface 3 of the workpiece 1, so that the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 is not melted.
- the other is that by forming the cutting start region 8, it naturally cracks in the cross-sectional direction (thickness direction) of the workpiece 1 starting from the cutting start region 8, resulting in the processing target This is the case when 1 is disconnected.
- the cutting start region 8 is formed by the modified region 7 in one row.
- the thickness of the workpiece 1 is large, this is possible by forming the cutting start region 8 by the modified regions 7 formed in a plurality of rows in the thickness direction. Even in the case of natural cracking, the part where the cutting start region 8 is formed so that the crack does not run on the surface 3 of the portion corresponding to the portion where the cutting start region 8 is not formed at the part to be cut.
- the cleaving can be controlled well.
- the thickness of the workpiece 1 such as a silicon wafer tends to be thin, such a cleaving method with good controllability is very effective.
- the modified regions formed by multiphoton absorption include the following cases (1) to (3).
- the modified region is a crack region including one or more cracks
- the laser beam is irradiated under the condition that the electric field intensity at the focal point is 1 ⁇ 10 8 (W / cm 2 ) or more and the nose width is 1 ⁇ s or less.
- the size of the Knoll width is a condition in which a crack region can be formed only inside the workpiece without causing extra damage to the surface of the workpiece while causing multiphoton absorption.
- a phenomenon called optical damage due to multiphoton absorption occurs inside the workpiece.
- This optical damage induces thermal strain inside the workpiece, thereby forming a crack region inside the workpiece.
- the upper limit value of the electric field strength is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 12 (W / cm 2 ).
- the pulse width is preferably lns to 200 ns.
- the present inventor obtained the relationship between the electric field strength and the size of cracks through experiments.
- the experimental conditions are as follows.
- Polarization characteristics linearly polarized light
- the laser beam quality is TEM
- the laser beam is highly condensing and can be focused to the wavelength of the laser beam.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of the experiment.
- the horizontal axis is the peak power density. Since the laser power is s pulsed laser light, the electric field strength is expressed by the peak power density.
- the vertical axis shows the size of the crack (crack spot) formed inside the workpiece by 1 pulse of laser light. Crack spot force S gathers to form a crack region. The size of the crack spot is the size of the maximum length of the crack spot shape.
- the data indicated by the black circles in the graph are for the condenser lens (C) with a magnification of 100 and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0 ⁇ 80.
- the data indicated by white circles in the graph is for the case where the magnification of the condenser lens (C) is 50 times and the numerical aperture (NA) is 0 ⁇ 55.
- the peak power density is about 10 U (W / cm 2 )
- a crack spot is generated inside the workpiece, and the crack spot increases as the peak power density increases.
- the mechanism of cutting the workpiece by forming the crack region will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the condensing point P is aligned inside the workpiece 1 and the laser beam L is irradiated to form a crack region 9 along the planned cutting line.
- the crack region 9 is a region including one or more cracks.
- the crack region 9 thus formed becomes a cutting start region.
- the crack grows further starting from the crack region 9 (that is, starting from the cutting start region), and as shown in FIG. To figure 11
- the workpiece 1 is cut when the workpiece 1 is broken.
- a crack that reaches the front surface 3 and the back surface 21 of the workpiece 1 may grow naturally, or may grow when a force is applied to the workpiece 1.
- the focusing point is set inside the object to be processed (for example, a semiconductor material such as silicon), and the electric field strength at the focusing point is 1 X 10 8 (W / cm 2 ) or more and the pulse width is 1 ⁇ s or less. Irradiate laser light under certain conditions. As a result, the inside of the workpiece is locally heated by multiphoton absorption. By this heating, a melt processing region is formed inside the workpiece.
- the melt treatment region is a region once solidified after melting, a region in a molten state, or a region re-solidified from a molten state, and can also be referred to as a phase-changed region or a region where the crystal structure has changed.
- the melt-processed region can also be referred to as a region in which one structure is changed to another in a single crystal structure, an amorphous structure, or a polycrystalline structure.
- a region that has changed from a single crystal structure to an amorphous structure a region that has changed from a single crystal structure to a polycrystalline structure, and a region that has changed from a single crystal structure to a structure that includes an amorphous structure and a polycrystalline structure.
- the melt processing region has, for example, an amorphous silicon structure.
- the upper limit value of the electric field strength is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 12 (W / cm 2 ).
- the pulse width is preferably lns to 200 ns.
- the present inventor has confirmed through experiments that a melt-treated region is formed inside a silicon wafer.
- the experimental conditions are as follows.
- Polarization characteristics linearly polarized light
- FIG. 12 is a view showing a photograph of a cross section of a part of a silicon wafer cut by laser processing under the above conditions.
- a melt processing region 13 is formed inside the silicon wafer 11.
- the size in the thickness direction of the melt processing region 13 formed under the above conditions is about 100 m.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength of the laser beam and the transmittance inside the silicon substrate. However, the reflection component on the front side and the back side of the silicon substrate is removed to show the transmittance only inside. The above relationship was shown for each of the silicon substrate thickness t forces of 50 mm, 100 mm, 200 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m, and 1000 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the silicon substrate is 500 m or less at the wavelength of Nd: YAG laser of 1064 nm
- Nd: YAG laser of 1064 nm it can be seen that 80% or more of the laser light is transmitted inside the silicon substrate.
- the thickness of the silicon wafer 11 shown in FIG. 12 is 350 111
- the melt processing region 13 by multiphoton absorption is formed near the center of the silicon wafer 11, that is, at a portion of 175 111 from the surface.
- the transmittance is 90% or more with reference to a silicon wafer having a thickness of 200 m. Therefore, the laser beam is hardly absorbed inside the silicon wafer 11, and almost all is transmitted.
- melt processing region 13 is formed by multiphoton absorption.
- the formation of the melt processing region by multiphoton absorption is, for example, “Evaluation of silicon processing characteristics by picosecond pulse laser” on pages 72 to 73 of the 66th Annual Meeting Summary (April 2000). It is described in. [0038] Note that the silicon wafer generates a crack in the cross-sectional direction starting from the cutting start region formed by the melt processing region, and the crack reaches the front surface and the back surface of the silicon wafer. As a result, it is cut.
- the cracks that reach the front and back surfaces of the silicon wafer may grow spontaneously, or they may grow when force is applied to the silicon wafer.
- the crack grows from a state where the melt processing region forming the cutting start region is melted, and the cutting start region
- cracks grow when the solidified region is melted from the molten state.
- the melt processing region is formed only inside the silicon wafer, and the melt processing region is formed only inside the cut surface after cutting as shown in FIG.
- the formation of the melt-processed region may be caused not only by multiphoton absorption but also by other absorption effects.
- the focusing point inside the workpiece eg glass
- the pulse width is Ins or less.
- the norm width is made extremely short and multiphoton absorption occurs inside the workpiece, the energy due to multiphoton absorption is not converted into thermal energy, and the ionic valence change, crystal Permanent structural changes such as conversion or polarization orientation are induced to form a refractive index changing region.
- the upper limit value of the electric field strength is, for example, l X 10 12 (W / cm 2 ).
- the Norse width is preferably less than Ins, more preferably less than lps.
- the cases of (1) to (3) have been described as the modified regions formed by multiphoton absorption.
- the cutting origin is considered in consideration of the crystal structure of the wafer-like workpiece and its cleavage property. If the region is formed as follows, the cutting start region is used as a starting point, and with a smaller force and more precise. It is possible to cut the workpiece with good accuracy.
- a cutting origin region in a direction along the (111) plane (first cleavage plane) or the (110) plane (second cleavage plane). is preferably formed.
- a substrate made of a zinc-blende-type III-V compound semiconductor such as GaAs it is preferable to form the cutting origin region in the direction along the (110) plane.
- the field of a substrate having a hexagonal crystal structure such as sapphire (Al 2 O 3).
- the cutting origin region in the direction along the (1120) plane (eight plane) or! / (1100) plane (M plane) with the (0001) plane (C plane) as the main plane. .
- the workpiece 1 includes a silicon wafer having a thickness of 100 m, a (semiconductor substrate) 11, and a plurality of functional elements 15 on the surface 11 a of the silicon wafer 11. And a functional element layer 16 formed.
- the functional element 15 is, for example, a semiconductor operating layer formed by crystal growth, a light receiving element such as a photodiode, a light emitting element such as a laser diode, or a circuit element formed as a circuit. Many are formed in a matrix in the direction parallel to the flat 6 and in the vertical direction.
- the back surface 21 of the workpiece 1 is pasted on an expanding tape (expandable sheet) 23 stretched on an annular frame 22.
- the frame 22 holding the workpiece 1 and the expanded tape 23 are fixed on the mounting table 101 of the laser processing apparatus 100 with the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 facing upward.
- the cutting lines 5 are set in a lattice shape so as to pass between the adjacent functional elements 15 and 15 (see FIG. 14).
- the focusing point P is aligned inside the silicon wafer 11.
- the laser beam LI for processing is irradiated to form the melt processing region 13 inside the silicon wafer 11 along each scheduled cutting line 5.
- the frame 22 holding the workpiece 1 and the expanded tape 23 are attached to an expanded tape expansion device (not shown), and the expanded tape 23 is expanded to the surroundings, so that the melt processing region 13 is cut.
- the workpiece 1 is cut along the scheduled cutting line 5, and a large number of semiconductor chips obtained by the cutting are separated from each other.
- the workpiece 1 can be accurately cut along the scheduled cutting line 5.
- the cracking force S may be mixed in the melt processing region 13.
- the laser processing apparatus 100 includes a mounting table 101 on which the workpiece 1 is mounted horizontally, a laser unit 102, and movement control connected to each of the mounting table 101 and the laser unit 102. Part 103.
- the movement control unit 103 moves the mounting table 101 in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction and Y-axis direction) and moves the laser unit 102 in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction).
- the laser unit 102 includes a processing laser light source 104 that pulsates the processing laser light L1.
- the processing laser light L1 emitted from the processing laser light source 104 sequentially passes through a shatter 105 that selectively passes and blocks the processing laser light L1 and a beam expander 106 that expands the beam size. After passing through the dichroic mirror 107, it is condensed by the condensing lens 108 and irradiated onto the workpiece 1.
- a piezo element 109 for finely adjusting the position in the Z-axis direction is attached to the condensing lens 108.
- the laser unit 102 includes a measurement laser light source 111 that emits measurement laser light L2 for irradiating a processing region 30 described later.
- the measurement laser light L2 emitted from the measurement laser light source 111 is sequentially reflected by the mirror 112, the half mirror 113, and the dichroic mirror 107, and travels downward on the optical axis of the processing laser light L1. Thereafter, the light is condensed by the condensing lens 108 and irradiated onto the processing region 30.
- the measurement laser light L2 irradiated to the processing region 30 is reflected by the processing region 30, and the reflected light L3 of the measurement laser light reenters the condensing lens 108 and is processed. After traveling upward on the optical axis of L1, it is reflected by the dichroic mirror 107 and passes through the half mirror 113.
- the reflected light L3 of the measurement laser beam that has passed through the half mirror 113 is Astigmatism is added by the shaping optical system 114 composed of a cylindrical lens and a plano-convex lens, and the light is condensed on the light receiving surface of a quadrant photodiode 115 obtained by dividing the photodiode into four equal parts.
- the quadrant photodiode 115 is connected to a condensing lens control unit 116 connected to the piezo element 109.
- the condensing lens control unit 116 detects the light amount of the reflected light L3 of the measurement laser light reflected by the processing region 30, and when the light amount exceeds a predetermined threshold, the light received by the quadrant photodiode 115 is received.
- the condensing image formed on the surface is acquired as a voltage value, and the piezo element 109 is driven so that this voltage value is constant (that is, the condensing image is constant).
- the distance between the surface 3 of 1 and the condensing lens 108 is adjusted to be substantially constant, and the drive signal of the piezo element 109 at that time is recorded.
- the back surface 21 of the workpiece 1 is affixed on an expanding tape 23 stretched around an annular frame 22.
- the surface 22 of the processing object 1 is directed upward, and the frame 22 and the expanding tape 23 holding the processing object 1 are fixed on the mounting table 101 of the laser processing apparatus 100.
- the cutting lines 5 are set in a lattice shape so as to pass between the adjacent functional elements 15 and 15, and at least one of the workpiece 1 and the frame 22 is used as a reference.
- a machining region 30 having an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the workpiece 1 and smaller than the inner diameter of the frame 22 is set. That is, the caloe area 30 has an outer shape between the workpiece 1 and the frame 22.
- the condensing lens 108 is moved relative to the workpiece 1 including the region outside the frame 22 for the following reason. That is, in order to irradiate the processing object 1 with the processing laser beam L1 in a state where the relative moving speed of the condensing lens 108 with respect to the processing object 1 is constant, the condensing with respect to the processing object 1 is performed. This is because it is necessary to add an acceleration distance until the relative moving speed becomes constant to the relative moving distance of the lens 108 for use. Furthermore, by expanding the expanding tape 23 to the periphery, the workpiece 1 can be reliably cut along the planned cutting line 5 with the melt processing region 13 as the starting point of cutting. This is because it is necessary to make the frame 22 as small as possible.
- the condensing lens 108 By the relative movement of the condensing lens 108 with respect to the workpiece 1, the condensing lens 108 reaches one intersection ⁇ 1 of the line 50 including the line 5 to be cut and the outer shape of the processing region 30. Then, as shown in FIG. 20 (a), the control signal of the measurement laser light source 111 is changed from “OFF” to “ON”, and the measurement laser light L2 is emitted from the measurement laser light source 111 and is condensed. It is condensed at 108. At this time, the measurement laser beam L2 is reflected by the expanded tape 23. Since the expanded tape 23 has a lower reflectance than the surface 3 of the workpiece 1, measurement is performed as shown in FIG. The amount of reflected laser light L3 does not reach the threshold T. At this time, as shown in FIG. 20C, the drive signal of the piezo element 109 is “OFF”, and the condensing lens 108 is held at a predetermined position.
- the condensing lens 108 reaches one intersection point / 31 of the line 50 including the planned cutting line 5 and the outer edge of the workpiece 1, the measurement laser beam L2 is converted into the workpiece 1 Therefore, the amount of reflected light L3 of the measurement laser beam exceeds the threshold T as shown in FIG. 20 (b).
- the drive signal of the piezo element 109 is changed from “OFF” to “ON”, and the reflected light L3 of the measurement laser beam is formed on the light receiving surface of the four-division photodiode 115.
- the piezo element 109 is driven so that the voltage value based on the optical image is constant, and the distance between the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 and the condensing lens 108 is adjusted to be substantially constant.
- the control signal power S of the shirt 105 is changed from “OFF” to “ON”. Then, the processing laser light LI emitted from the processing laser light source 104 passes through the shirt 105 and is collected by the condensing lens 108. As a result, even if the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 has runout, it is positioned along the planned cutting line 5 at a certain distance from the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 (inside the silicon wafer 11). The melt processing region 13 can be formed with high accuracy.
- the control signal power S of the shirt 105 is changed from “OFF” to “ON”, and the timing at which the processing laser beam L1 is applied to the workpiece 1 is changed from “OFF” to “ON”. The timing may be substantially the same as or may be a little later than that timing.
- the measurement laser beam L 2 is expanded by the expanded tape 23. Since the light is reflected, the amount of reflected light L3 of the measurement laser light is below the threshold T as shown in FIG.
- the drive signal of the piezo element 109 is also turned “ON” and “OFF”, and the condensing lens 108 is held at a predetermined position.
- the control signal force S “ON” of the shirter 105 is changed from “ON” to “OFF”, and the passage of the processing laser light L 1 emitted from the processing laser light source 104 is blocked.
- the condensing lens 108 is made relative to the processing object 1 along the line 50 including the cutting scheduled line 5 of the processing object 1.
- the condensing lens 108 is positioned on the processing region 30 having the outer shape between the workpiece 1 and the frame 22, the measuring laser beam L2 is processed by the condensing lens 108. Condensed light toward the region 30 and the reflected light L3 of the measurement laser light reflected by the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 is detected.
- the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 and the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 are aligned so that the converging point P of the laser beam L1 for processing is at a certain distance from the surface 3 of the workpiece 1.
- the laser beam L1 for processing is condensed toward the processing object 1 by the condensing lens 108, and the melting processing region 13 is processed 1 Form inside.
- the processing laser light L1 is applied to the processing object 1 by the condensing lens 108.
- the light is condensed toward the inner surface of the object to be processed 1 to form the melt processing region 13. Therefore, even if the condensing lens 108 is moved relative to the workpiece 1 including the area outside the frame 22, the frame 22 is erroneously recognized as the workpiece and processed into the frame 22. It is possible to prevent the frame 22 from being damaged by irradiating the laser beam L1 for use.
- the measurement laser beam L2 is irradiated while being applied.
- Control in the laser processing apparatus 100 may be performed as follows. That is, from one side, until the condensing lens 108 reaches one intersection point ⁇ 1 of the line 50 and the outer shape of the processing region 30, the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 and the condensing lens 108
- the measurement process based on the reflected light of the measurement laser beam for adjusting the distance of the laser beam is stopped and the calculation process based on the light quantity of L3 (hereinafter referred to as “autofocus calculation process”) is stopped.
- the condensing lens 108 is fixed to and the irradiation of the processing laser beam L1 is stopped. Then, the autofocus calculation process is performed until the condensing lens 108 reaches one intersection point / 31 of the line 50 and the outer edge of the workpiece 1 from the intersection point ⁇ 1.
- the condensing lens 108 is fixed at a fixed position in the thickness direction, and the irradiation of the processing laser beam L1 is stopped.
- the condenser lens 108 is fixed at a fixed position in the thickness direction of the workpiece 1 because the reflected light L3 of the measurement laser beam is predetermined. This is because the threshold value is not exceeded.
- the autofocus calculation process is performed until the condensing lens 108 reaches the intersection point ⁇ 2 of the other intersection ⁇ 2 of the line 50 and the outer edge of the workpiece 1.
- the distance between the front surface 3 and the condensing lens 108 is adjusted, and the processing laser beam L1 is irradiated.
- the melting processing region 13 may be formed inside the processing object 1 as follows. .
- the condensing lens 108 is moved relative to the workpiece 1 along the line 50 including the line 5 to be cut, so that the condensing lens 108 is positioned on the processing region 30.
- the measurement laser beam L2 is collected toward the processing region 30 by the condensing lens 108 and the reflected light L3 of the measurement laser beam reflected by the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 is collected.
- the piezo element 109 By detecting, the piezo element 109 is driven so that the condensing point P of the processing laser beam L1 is positioned at a certain distance from the surface 3 of the workpiece 1, and the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 is The distance from the condensing lens 108 is adjusted to be substantially constant, and the driving signal (adjustment information) of the piezo element 109 at that time is recorded.
- the condensing lens 108 is moved relative to the workpiece 1 along the line 50 including the planned cutting line 5, and the condensing lens 108 is positioned on the processing region 30.
- the recorded drive signal is reproduced to drive the piezo element 109, and while adjusting the distance between the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 and the condensing lens 108 to be substantially constant, the processing laser beam L1 Is condensed toward the workpiece 1 by the collecting lens 108, and the melted region 13 is formed inside the workpiece 1.
- the timing at which the control signal of the shatter 105 is turned from “OFF” to “ON” and the processing laser beam L1 is irradiated onto the workpiece 1 is changed from “OFF” to “ON”. It may be almost at the same time as / !, and a little earlier than that timing.
- the formation of the melt processing region 13 as described above is such that the workpiece 1 is relatively thick, and a plurality of rows of the melt processing regions 13 are arranged in the thickness direction of the workpiece 1 with respect to one scheduled cutting line. This is effective in the case of forming in a line.
- the focusing point P of the processing laser beam L1 and the surface 3 of the processing target 1 are collected so that the surface 3 force of the processing target 1 matches the position of a certain distance.
- the surface of the workpiece 1 is adjusted so that the force S adjusted for the distance to the optical lens 108 and the converging point P of the processing laser beam L1 are in a predetermined position with respect to the surface 3 of the workpiece 1
- the distance between 3 and the condensing lens 108 may be adjusted.
- the melting region 13 can be accurately formed at a predetermined position on the basis of the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 and the distance from the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 changes along the way. It becomes possible to form the wavy melted region 13 and the like along the planned cutting line 5.
- the reflected light L3 of the measurement laser beam reflected by the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 is detected, but the other laser beam irradiation surface such as the back surface 21 of the workpiece 1 is detected. Reflected The reflected light L3 of the measurement laser beam may be detected.
- the crack region or the inside of the wafer made of another material such as a force glass or piezoelectric material in which the melt processing region 13 is formed inside the silicon wafer 11 of the workpiece 1 is formed.
- Other modified regions such as a refractive index changing region may be formed.
- the processing laser beam is irradiated to the frame. This can prevent the frame from being damaged.
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CN2007800372040A CN101522362B (zh) | 2006-10-04 | 2007-09-27 | 激光加工方法 |
KR1020097003670A KR101428824B1 (ko) | 2006-10-04 | 2007-09-27 | 레이저 가공방법 |
EP07828566.5A EP2070636B1 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2007-09-27 | Laser processing method |
US12/444,125 US8735770B2 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2007-09-27 | Laser processing method for forming a modified region in an object |
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EP (1) | EP2070636B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101428824B1 (ja) |
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CN102357739B (zh) | 2014-09-10 |
TW200902210A (en) | 2009-01-16 |
CN102357738B (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
KR101428824B1 (ko) | 2014-08-11 |
CN102357738A (zh) | 2012-02-22 |
CN102357739A (zh) | 2012-02-22 |
EP2070636A4 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
EP2070636B1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
CN101522362A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
KR20090073087A (ko) | 2009-07-02 |
EP2070636A1 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
US8735770B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
US20100032418A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
CN101522362B (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
TWI432279B (zh) | 2014-04-01 |
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