WO2007147185A1 - Procédé pour produire une surface de glace pour des pistes de patinage - Google Patents
Procédé pour produire une surface de glace pour des pistes de patinage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007147185A1 WO2007147185A1 PCT/AT2007/000298 AT2007000298W WO2007147185A1 WO 2007147185 A1 WO2007147185 A1 WO 2007147185A1 AT 2007000298 W AT2007000298 W AT 2007000298W WO 2007147185 A1 WO2007147185 A1 WO 2007147185A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ice
- water
- added
- substance
- ppm
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkaline earth metal ammonium salt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000015243 ice cream Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/24—Materials not provided for elsewhere for simulating ice or snow
Definitions
- the invention is based on a method for producing an ice surface for an ice rink according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the ice quality of an ice rink plays in particular in speed competitions such. Speed skating an essential role.
- the mechanical properties of the ice or the surface of the ice of the ice rinks can be controlled by various parameters, including the ice temperature, the relative humidity and the conductivity of the water forming the ice.
- the object of the invention is thus to provide a cost-effective method for improving the quality of the ice for ice rinks.
- the ice forming water is mixed with a substance, the ammonia, an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, a hydrogen halide, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, an alkali, alkaline earth metal ammonium salt of these acids or ammonium bicarbonate or a mixture of several of these substances is.
- the water is preferably NH 3 , HF, HCl, HBr, HI; NH 4 I, NH 4 F, NH 4 Br, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca (OH) 2 or a mixture of several of these substances added, since these cause the strongest effect of the possible dopants due to their physicochemical properties.
- the substance added to the water is added in a concentration of up to 5 ppm, which requires only small amounts of the dopants and thus is inexpensive.
- the maximum concentration of the substance added to the water does not exceed 20 ppm, since this ensures an environmentally friendly concentration which is harmless with regard to contamination by potentially harmful substances.
- the substance added to the water can be added prior to freezing by admixing with the water in the form of dilute solutions, so that a homogeneous ice layer can be produced.
- the substance added to the water can be added by treating the ice with liquid containing the additives after freezing, since this also improves the quality of the ice surface produced by undoped water in retrospect during the post-processing of the ice surface can be without having to re-create the ice surface.
- the method according to the invention provides for selectively adding additives to ice production by freezing deionized water, ie to dope the water. This has the effect that properties such as the coefficient of adhesion or sliding friction or the hardness on the surface can be specifically controlled by these additives.
- the addition can be done either by admixing with the water in the form of dilute solutions (before freezing) or by treating the ice with a liquid containing the additives (after freezing).
- An adaptation of the currently used ice making machines is not necessary, since simply water instead of water, such as deionized water, tap water, distilled water, etc., can be used.
- the doping of the water with 4 ppm NH 3 is described here.
- a uniform doping with NH 3 can be achieved, for example, by interposing a metering valve which doses a dilute NH 3 solution into the tap water as a function of the flow rate. For example, one liter of a 4% NH 3 solution is added, which is metered in shall be. At a flow rate of 50 liters per minute, the metering valve should meter in 5 milliliters per minute for 200 minutes. This results in a dilution of 1: 10000, so that the tap water ultimately contains 4 ppm NH 3.
- the ice must be given the time to freeze out homogeneously on the pre-cooled surface. You can use the protocols that Ice Masters currently use. The more time you give the ice, the smaller the cooling rates, the larger the crystals, the smoother the ice surface. Cooling faster, there are small crystals that collide and form interfaces ("triple junctions" or "grain boundaries") - the ice surface is rough.
- a surface treatment of the ice by means of special ice making machines the method is suitable.
- These machines which are used in about the 1/3 breaks of ice hockey games, usually have a water tank and a snow container. These machines collect the abraded snow, plan the top layer of ice and apply a new layer of water to the ice. If an appropriate amount of NH 3 is also mixed into the water tank of the machine, previously undoped ice benefits for the first time from the improved surface properties due to the doping or, in the case of ice already produced by doping, the optimized properties of the doped ice remain even after repeated ice-making.
- 3 ppm HF cause a significant increase in the flow properties of the ice.
- a skater "cuts" with his skid into the ice and thereby displaces ice from the groove, which normally comes to rest as "snow" on the ice surface.
- the displaced ice flows much more back into the groove just created, so that firstly less snow comes to rest on the ice surface and secondly the extent of destruction of the ice surface is minimized.
- the ice surface also gets softer in parallel. If 3 ppm NH 3 is used instead, the opposite effect occurs, the abrasion is intensified, the ice surface is more strongly destroyed and also harder.
- NH 3 doped ice has a decisive advantage: nowadays Ice Masters adjust the hardness of the ice over the temperature. Soft ice (eg for skaters) are generated by "warm ice” (for example at -3 ° C) makes, during hard ice require that is cooled with a high energy consumption, for example, up to -10 ° C. Using NH 3 doped Ice, so you can produce harder ice even at higher temperatures energy-saving. For organizers of major speed skating events, it is still of great importance that national or continental or even Olympic and world records are run on their tracks. Ice cream, from which one can repel oneself better or on which one glides better, is very important here.
- the method according to the invention is also suitable for controlling the sliding friction coefficient. So is measurable, that doping causes even cold on a -8O 0 C ice surface a water film which reduces friction. On undoped ice this Wasserhem disappears below about -25 ° C, so that deep-frozen ice is no longer slippery. It would also be conceivable that a dopant is found which greatly increases the sliding friction of ice by suppressing the water flow even at comparatively high temperatures.
- Good ice surfaces are prepared over a period of several days, as this is the time needed to extract the thermal energy from the water molecules, form crystal nuclei, and achieve optimal crystal growth. Doping with a suitable additive can accelerate all three processes and thus reduce the production time or cost of an ice surface.
- the investigated substances are incorporated directly into the ice grid up to a concentration of up to 5 ppm and change the formation of so-called D or L defects, the microscopic properties such as relaxation times, H-transfer times, electrical conductivity, etc. This leads to a change in the macroscopic properties.
- Other substances such as larger inorganic molecules, organic molecules, etc. are not incorporated into the crystal lattice, but only in the lattice cavities or in the grain boundaries, often they are even ejected only over the surface and therefore do not change the microscopic and macroscopic properties of the ice ,
- the list of substances that can be incorporated into the crystal lattice and are therefore suitable for doping includes ammonia, alkali and alkaline earth hydroxides, hydrogen halides, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, alkali metal, alkaline earth and ammonium salts of these acids and ammonium bicarbonate. Particularly preferred are NH 3 (ammonia), HF, HCl, HBr, HI; NH 4 I, NH 4 F, NH 4 Br, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca (OH) 2 or mixtures thereof, which have the greatest potential or effect.
- the concentration range which must be covered results from the concentration of the molecules directly incorporated (substitutionally) into the lattice and from the minerals already present in the tap water.
- the limit for fluorides for example, 1.5 ppm, so that for a hard NH 3 doped ice surface first the softening effect of the fluorides must be compensated.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé servant à produire une surface de glace pour une piste de patinage par congélation d'eau à laquelle on ajoute une substance inorganique. Le procédé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que cette substance inorganique est de l'ammoniac, un hydroxyde alcalin ou alcalino-terreux, un halogénure d'hydrogène, de l'acide nitrique, de l'acide sulfurique, de l'acide phosphorique, un sel alcalin, alcalino-terreux ou d'ammonium de ces acides ou du bicarbonate d'ammonium ou bien un mélange de plusieurs de ces substances.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/306,187 US20090301105A1 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2007-06-19 | Method for the production of an ice surface for ice rinks |
| CA002655336A CA2655336A1 (fr) | 2006-06-23 | 2007-06-19 | Procede pour produire une surface de glace pour des pistes de patinage |
| EP07718507A EP2041234A1 (fr) | 2006-06-23 | 2007-06-19 | Procédé pour produire une surface de glace pour des pistes de patinage |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA1067/2006 | 2006-06-23 | ||
| AT0106706A AT503443B1 (de) | 2006-06-23 | 2006-06-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer eisfläche für eissportbahnen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007147185A1 true WO2007147185A1 (fr) | 2007-12-27 |
Family
ID=38458288
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AT2007/000298 WO2007147185A1 (fr) | 2006-06-23 | 2007-06-19 | Procédé pour produire une surface de glace pour des pistes de patinage |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090301105A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2041234A1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | AT503443B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2655336A1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2009102028A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2007147185A1 (fr) |
Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008072971A1 (fr) * | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-19 | Icemining Technology As | Modification de la vitesse d'écoulement de glace industrielle |
| US8664232B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2014-03-04 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US8673927B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2014-03-18 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Uses of DPP-IV inhibitors |
| US8846695B2 (en) | 2009-01-07 | 2014-09-30 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Treatment for diabetes in patients with inadequate glycemic control despite metformin therapy comprising a DPP-IV inhibitor |
| US8853156B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 | 2014-10-07 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Treatment for diabetes in patients inappropriate for metformin therapy |
| US8865729B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2014-10-21 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Salt forms of a xanthine compound |
| US8883805B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2014-11-11 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the preparation of chiral 8-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-xanthines |
| US8962636B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2015-02-24 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Substituted quinazolines, the preparation thereof and the use thereof in pharmaceutical compositions |
| US9034883B2 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2015-05-19 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy |
| US9149478B2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2015-10-06 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Diabetes therapy |
| US9155705B2 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2015-10-13 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | DPP-IV inhibitor combined with a further antidiabetic agent, tablets comprising such formulations, their use and process for their preparation |
| US9186392B2 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2015-11-17 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Combination therapy |
| US9266888B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2016-02-23 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Polymorphs |
| US9457029B2 (en) | 2009-11-27 | 2016-10-04 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Treatment of genotyped diabetic patients with DPP-IV inhibitors such as linagliptin |
| US9486526B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 | 2016-11-08 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Treatment for diabetes in patients inappropriate for metformin therapy |
| US9526730B2 (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2016-12-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Use of a DPP-4 inhibitor in podocytes related disorders and/or nephrotic syndrome |
| US9526728B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2016-12-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Medical use of a DPP-4 inhibitor |
| US9555001B2 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2017-01-31 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Pharmaceutical composition and uses thereof |
| US9713618B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2017-07-25 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Method for modifying food intake and regulating food preference with a DPP-4 inhibitor |
| US10155000B2 (en) | 2016-06-10 | 2018-12-18 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Medical use of pharmaceutical combination or composition |
| US11033552B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2021-06-15 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | DPP IV inhibitor formulations |
| CN113739470A (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-03 | 清华大学 | 冰上运动赛道表层冰面制备方法以及冰上运动赛道 |
| US11911388B2 (en) | 2008-10-16 | 2024-02-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Treatment for diabetes in patients with insufficient glycemic control despite therapy with an oral or non-oral antidiabetic drug |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2014280955B2 (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2021-07-22 | Arctic Ice Project | Generation and deployment of ice with modified optical and/or thermal properties |
| CN113137794A (zh) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-07-20 | 松下冷机系统（大连）有限公司 | 一种速度滑冰场地的二氧化碳制冰管道系统 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE526224C (de) * | 1927-01-26 | 1931-06-06 | Edgar Vorwerk | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer kuenstlichen Eisbahn |
| DE19940203A1 (de) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-03-08 | Integral Energietechnik Gmbh | Zusatzstoff für ein pumpfähiges Flüssigeisgemisch |
| RU2005140523A (ru) * | 2005-12-26 | 2006-05-27 | Борис Алексеевич Кузнецов (RU) | Способ получения двухслойного льда |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3361213A (en) * | 1965-09-13 | 1968-01-02 | Mobil Oil Corp | Method of decreasing friction loss in turbulent liquids |
| US4953360A (en) * | 1989-09-27 | 1990-09-04 | Slick Ice Limited | Additive for treating water used to form ice |
| WO2005077836A1 (fr) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-08-25 | Orca Bay Arena Limited Partnership | Procede, appareil et composition permettant de fabriquer de la glace |
-
2006
- 2006-06-23 AT AT0106706A patent/AT503443B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-06-19 CA CA002655336A patent/CA2655336A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-19 RU RU2009102028/05A patent/RU2009102028A/ru unknown
- 2007-06-19 EP EP07718507A patent/EP2041234A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-19 US US12/306,187 patent/US20090301105A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-19 WO PCT/AT2007/000298 patent/WO2007147185A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE526224C (de) * | 1927-01-26 | 1931-06-06 | Edgar Vorwerk | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer kuenstlichen Eisbahn |
| DE19940203A1 (de) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-03-08 | Integral Energietechnik Gmbh | Zusatzstoff für ein pumpfähiges Flüssigeisgemisch |
| RU2005140523A (ru) * | 2005-12-26 | 2006-05-27 | Борис Алексеевич Кузнецов (RU) | Способ получения двухслойного льда |
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Cited By (50)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9108964B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2015-08-18 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US8664232B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2014-03-04 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US10023574B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2018-07-17 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US9556175B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2017-01-31 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and thier use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US10202383B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2019-02-12 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US9321791B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2016-04-26 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US9751855B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2017-09-05 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the preparation of chiral 8-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-xanthines |
| US8883805B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2014-11-11 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the preparation of chiral 8-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-xanthines |
| US9499546B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2016-11-22 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the preparation of chiral 8-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-xanthines |
| US9266888B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2016-02-23 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Polymorphs |
| US9493462B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2016-11-15 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Polymorphs |
| US10080754B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2018-09-25 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Uses of DPP IV inhibitors |
| US9173859B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2015-11-03 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Uses of DPP IV inhibitors |
| US11084819B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2021-08-10 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Polymorphs |
| US11033552B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2021-06-15 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | DPP IV inhibitor formulations |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2655336A1 (fr) | 2007-12-27 |
| AT503443B1 (de) | 2007-10-15 |
| RU2009102028A (ru) | 2010-07-27 |
| US20090301105A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
| EP2041234A1 (fr) | 2009-04-01 |
| AT503443A4 (de) | 2007-10-15 |
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