US20090301105A1 - Method for the production of an ice surface for ice rinks - Google Patents
Method for the production of an ice surface for ice rinks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090301105A1 US20090301105A1 US12/306,187 US30618707A US2009301105A1 US 20090301105 A1 US20090301105 A1 US 20090301105A1 US 30618707 A US30618707 A US 30618707A US 2009301105 A1 US2009301105 A1 US 2009301105A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ice
- water
- added
- substance
- ppm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 e.g. Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium fluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].[F-] LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKFWSNCTAHXBQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium iodide Chemical compound [NH4+].[I-] UKFWSNCTAHXBQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005115 demineralization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002328 demineralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/24—Materials not provided for elsewhere for simulating ice or snow
Definitions
- the invention starts out from a method for the production of an ice surface for an ice rink in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 .
- the ice quality of an ice rink plays a central role particularly for speed competitions, e.g., speed skating.
- the mechanical properties of the ice, correspondingly, of the ice surface of the ice rinks, can be controlled via various parameters, e.g. via the ice temperature, the relative atmospheric humidity or the conductivity of the water forming the ice.
- a substance is admixed to the ice-forming water, said substance being ammonia, an alkali hydroxide or alkaline earth hydroxide, a hydrogen halide, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, an alkali salt, alkaline earth salt or ammonium salt of said acids, or ammonium-bicarbonate, or a mixture of several of said substances.
- NH 3 , HF, HCl, HBr, HI, NH 4 I, NH 4 F, NH 4 Br, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH) 2 or a mixture of several of these substances are added to the water preferentially, since said substances, due to their physical-chemical properties, cause the strongest effect of all possible dopants.
- the substance added to the water is added in a concentration of up to 5 ppm, which requires only small amounts of dopants and is thus cost-efficient.
- the maximum concentration of the substance added to the water does not exceed 20 ppm, since thereby an environment-friendly and—with respect to contamination by possibly noxious substances—safe concentration is ensured.
- the substance added to the water can be added by admixing to the water before freezing in the form of dilute solutions so that a homogeneous ice layer can be generated.
- the substance added to the water can be added after freezing by treating the ice with a liquid which contains the additives because thereby also an ice surface which was prepared using un-doped water can be improved in terms of quality afterwards during post-processing of the ice surface, without the need of freezing a new ice surface from scratch.
- the method according to the present invention thereby proposes for the production of ice by freezing of de-ionized water, to add admixtures purposefully to said water, i.e. to dope the water.
- This brings about that properties such as the static as well as the dynamic coefficient of friction or the surface hardness can be selectively controlled by these additives.
- the additive can either be added by admixing it to the water (before freezing) in the form of dilute solutions or by treating the ice (after freezing) with a liquid which contains the admixtures.
- An adaption of currently used ice preparation machines is not necessary, since instead of water simply contaminated water, e.g., de-ionized water, tap water, distilled water, etc. can be used.
- the doping of water with 4 ppm NH 3 is described here.
- 10000 litres of water are needed. These are typically sprinkled onto a pre-cooled area using a hose, which is connected to the water pipe.
- a uniform doping with NH 3 can e.g. be achieved by interconnecting a metering valve which doses a dilute NH 3 solution into the tap water in dependence on the rate of flow.
- One e.g. provides one litre of a 4% solution of NH 3 , which is supposed to be dosed into the water.
- the metering valve At a flow rate of 50 litres per minute the metering valve is supposed to dose in 5 millilitres per minute for a duration of 200 minutes. This results in a dilution of 1:10000 so that the tap water finally contains 4 ppm NH 3 .
- the ice needs to be given the time to freeze homogeneously on the pre-cooled surface.
- the protocols can be employed which are used by ice preparation specialists today. The more time the ice is given, i.e., the slower the cooling rates, the larger the crystals and the smoother the ice surface. If one cools faster, then smaller crystals result which abut upon each other and produce interfaces (“triple junctions” or “grain boundaries”, respectively)—the ice surface becomes rough.
- the method is also suitable for a surface treatment of the ice using special ice preparation machines.
- These machines which are for instance employed during the breaks in ice hockey matches, mostly have a water tank and a snow container. These machines collect abraded snow, fine down the topmost ice layer and apply a new layer of water onto the ice. If one mixes an appropriate amount of NH 3 also into the water tank of the machine, then previously un-doped ice benefits for the first time from the surface properties improved by the doping, or, correspondingly, in case of ice which has already been prepared by means of doping, the optimized properties of the doped ice persist even after repeated ice preparation.
- 3 ppm HF bring about a considerable increase in the ice flow properties.
- An ice-skater “cuts” into the ice with his blade and thereby displaces ice from the groove, which normally ends up as “snow” on the ice surface.
- the displaced ice flows back into the (just produced) groove to a much greater extent so that firstly less “snow” comes to lie on the ice surface and secondly the degree of destruction of the ice surface is minimized.
- the ice surface also becomes softer.
- 3 ppm NH 3 instead, the opposite effect occurs, attrition is enforced, the ice surface gets destroyed more severely and also becomes harder.
- NH 3 doped ice has a decisive advantage: Today, ice preparation specialists adjust the ice hardness via the temperature. Soft ice surfaces (e.g. for figure skaters) are produced by making “warm” ice (e.g., at ⁇ 3° C.), while hard ice surfaces require cooling to e.g. ⁇ 10° C., thereby consuming much energy. Using NH 3 doped ice one can produce harder ice already at higher temperatures in an energy-saving manner.
- the method according to the invention is also suitable for controlling the coefficient of sliding friction. For instance it can be measured that a certain doping results in a water film even on an ice surface at ⁇ 80° C., which reduces dynamic friction. On un-doped ice this water film disappears already below approx. ⁇ 25° C. so that cryogenic ice is no longer slippery. It is also conceivable that a dopant is found which increases dynamic friction on ice strongly by suppressing the water film already at comparably high temperatures.
- the investigated substances are built directly into the ice lattice up to concentrations of 5 ppm and change the microscopic properties such as relaxation times, H-transfer times, electric conductivity, etc. via the production of so-called D- or L-defects. This leads to a change of the macroscopic properties.
- Other substances such as for example bigger inorganic molecules, organic molecules, etc. are not built into the crystal lattice, but merely into lattice voids or grain boundaries, in many cases they are even only discharged via the surface and, accordingly, do not alter the microscopic and macroscopic properties of ice.
- the list of substances that are capable of being built into the crystal lattice and which are therefore suitable for doping comprises ammonia, alkali hydroxides and alkaline earth hydroxides, hydrogen halides, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, alkali salts, alkaline earth salts and ammonium salts of said acids, and ammonium-bicarbonate. Particularly preferred are thereby NH 3 (ammonia), HF, HCl, HBr, HI, NH 4 I, NH 4 F, NH 4 Br, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH) 2 or mixtures thereof, which have the highest potential and the maximum effect, respectively.
- the range of concentrations which has to be covered results from the concentration of molecules directly (substitutionally) incorporated into the lattice plus from the minerals already present in the tap water.
- the threshold for fluorides amounts to 1.5 ppm so that for a hard NH 3 -doped ice surface the softening effect of fluorides has to be compensated at first.
- the maximum of 1.5 ppm for compensation plus 5 ppm which are substitutionally incorporated at the utmost result in a threshold of 6.5 ppm for doping the tap water. Including a safety margin, the maximum concentration which has an influence on the macroscopic ice properties is 20 ppm.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0106706A AT503443B1 (de) | 2006-06-23 | 2006-06-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer eisfläche für eissportbahnen |
| ATA1067/2006 | 2006-06-23 | ||
| PCT/AT2007/000298 WO2007147185A1 (fr) | 2006-06-23 | 2007-06-19 | Procédé pour produire une surface de glace pour des pistes de patinage |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20090301105A1 true US20090301105A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
Family
ID=38458288
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/306,187 Abandoned US20090301105A1 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2007-06-19 | Method for the production of an ice surface for ice rinks |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090301105A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2041234A1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | AT503443B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2655336A1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2009102028A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2007147185A1 (fr) |
Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8664232B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2014-03-04 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US8673927B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2014-03-18 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Uses of DPP-IV inhibitors |
| US8846695B2 (en) | 2009-01-07 | 2014-09-30 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Treatment for diabetes in patients with inadequate glycemic control despite metformin therapy comprising a DPP-IV inhibitor |
| US8853156B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 | 2014-10-07 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Treatment for diabetes in patients inappropriate for metformin therapy |
| US8865729B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2014-10-21 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Salt forms of a xanthine compound |
| US8883805B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2014-11-11 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the preparation of chiral 8-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-xanthines |
| US8883800B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2014-11-11 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Substituted quinazolines, the preparation thereof and the use thereof in pharmaceutical compositions |
| US9034883B2 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2015-05-19 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy |
| US9149478B2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2015-10-06 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Diabetes therapy |
| US9155705B2 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2015-10-13 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | DPP-IV inhibitor combined with a further antidiabetic agent, tablets comprising such formulations, their use and process for their preparation |
| US9186392B2 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2015-11-17 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Combination therapy |
| US9266888B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2016-02-23 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Polymorphs |
| US9457029B2 (en) | 2009-11-27 | 2016-10-04 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Treatment of genotyped diabetic patients with DPP-IV inhibitors such as linagliptin |
| US9486526B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 | 2016-11-08 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Treatment for diabetes in patients inappropriate for metformin therapy |
| US9526728B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2016-12-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Medical use of a DPP-4 inhibitor |
| US9526730B2 (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2016-12-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Use of a DPP-4 inhibitor in podocytes related disorders and/or nephrotic syndrome |
| US9555001B2 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2017-01-31 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Pharmaceutical composition and uses thereof |
| US9713618B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2017-07-25 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Method for modifying food intake and regulating food preference with a DPP-4 inhibitor |
| US10155000B2 (en) | 2016-06-10 | 2018-12-18 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Medical use of pharmaceutical combination or composition |
| US11033552B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2021-06-15 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | DPP IV inhibitor formulations |
| AU2014280955B2 (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2021-07-22 | Arctic Ice Project | Generation and deployment of ice with modified optical and/or thermal properties |
| US20230075532A1 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-03-09 | Tsinghua University | Ice rink and method for making ice surface of ice rink |
| US11911388B2 (en) | 2008-10-16 | 2024-02-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Treatment for diabetes in patients with insufficient glycemic control despite therapy with an oral or non-oral antidiabetic drug |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO325902B1 (no) * | 2006-12-12 | 2008-08-11 | Icemining Technology As | Fremgangsmate for oppstotting av gruverom, tunnel eller hulrom i jorden ved bruk av is med modifisert flytehastighet |
| CN113137794A (zh) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-07-20 | 松下冷机系统（大连）有限公司 | 一种速度滑冰场地的二氧化碳制冰管道系统 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3361213A (en) * | 1965-09-13 | 1968-01-02 | Mobil Oil Corp | Method of decreasing friction loss in turbulent liquids |
| US4953360A (en) * | 1989-09-27 | 1990-09-04 | Slick Ice Limited | Additive for treating water used to form ice |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE526224C (de) * | 1927-01-26 | 1931-06-06 | Edgar Vorwerk | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer kuenstlichen Eisbahn |
| DE19940203A1 (de) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-03-08 | Integral Energietechnik Gmbh | Zusatzstoff für ein pumpfähiges Flüssigeisgemisch |
| CA2556394A1 (fr) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-08-25 | Orca Bay Arena Limited Partnership | Procede, appareil et composition permettant de fabriquer de la glace |
| RU2293934C2 (ru) * | 2005-12-26 | 2007-02-20 | Борис Алексеевич Кузнецов | Способ получения двухслойного льда |
-
2006
- 2006-06-23 AT AT0106706A patent/AT503443B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-06-19 US US12/306,187 patent/US20090301105A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-19 WO PCT/AT2007/000298 patent/WO2007147185A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-06-19 RU RU2009102028/05A patent/RU2009102028A/ru unknown
- 2007-06-19 CA CA002655336A patent/CA2655336A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-19 EP EP07718507A patent/EP2041234A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3361213A (en) * | 1965-09-13 | 1968-01-02 | Mobil Oil Corp | Method of decreasing friction loss in turbulent liquids |
| US4953360A (en) * | 1989-09-27 | 1990-09-04 | Slick Ice Limited | Additive for treating water used to form ice |
Cited By (50)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9108964B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2015-08-18 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US9321791B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2016-04-26 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US10202383B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2019-02-12 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US10023574B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2018-07-17 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US9556175B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2017-01-31 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and thier use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US8664232B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2014-03-04 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg | 8-[3-amino-piperidin-1-yl]-xanthines, the preparation thereof and their use as pharmaceutical compositions |
| US8883805B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2014-11-11 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the preparation of chiral 8-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-xanthines |
| US9751855B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2017-09-05 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the preparation of chiral 8-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-xanthines |
| US9499546B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2016-11-22 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Process for the preparation of chiral 8-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-xanthines |
| US11033552B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2021-06-15 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | DPP IV inhibitor formulations |
| US11084819B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2021-08-10 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Polymorphs |
| US9493462B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2016-11-15 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Polymorphs |
| US9173859B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2015-11-03 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Uses of DPP IV inhibitors |
| US10080754B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2018-09-25 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Uses of DPP IV inhibitors |
| US11919903B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2024-03-05 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Polymorphs |
| US9815837B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2017-11-14 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Polymorphs |
| US9266888B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2016-02-23 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Polymorphs |
| US8673927B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2014-03-18 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Uses of DPP-IV inhibitors |
| US11291668B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2022-04-05 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Uses of DPP IV inhibitors |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT503443A4 (de) | 2007-10-15 |
| RU2009102028A (ru) | 2010-07-27 |
| WO2007147185A1 (fr) | 2007-12-27 |
| AT503443B1 (de) | 2007-10-15 |
| CA2655336A1 (fr) | 2007-12-27 |
| EP2041234A1 (fr) | 2009-04-01 |
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