WO2007142176A1 - シュープレス用ベルト - Google Patents
シュープレス用ベルト Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007142176A1 WO2007142176A1 PCT/JP2007/061269 JP2007061269W WO2007142176A1 WO 2007142176 A1 WO2007142176 A1 WO 2007142176A1 JP 2007061269 W JP2007061269 W JP 2007061269W WO 2007142176 A1 WO2007142176 A1 WO 2007142176A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- shoe
- lattice
- belt
- press belt
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F3/02—Wet presses
- D21F3/0209—Wet presses with extended press nip
- D21F3/0218—Shoe presses
- D21F3/0227—Belts or sleeves therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
- D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
- D21G1/0066—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus using a special calendering belt
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
- Y10S162/901—Impermeable belts for extended nip press
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a belt for a shoe press used in a paper press mechanism for papermaking.
- Paper raw material strength A paper machine for removing moisture includes a wire part, a press part, and a dryer part. These wire part, press part and dryer part are arranged in this order along the wet paper transport direction.
- a press device is arranged in the press part, and the press device includes a plurality of press mechanisms arranged in series along the wet paper transport direction.
- wet paper In a paper machine, wet paper is transported while being successively delivered to a wet paper transport belt made of water-absorbing felt, which is installed in each of the wire part, press part and dryer part.
- the wet paper is squeezed (pressed) by the press mechanism of the press part, and then dried by the dryer part.
- the press mechanism includes a roll press mechanism and a show press mechanism.
- the roll press mechanism is a mechanism that pressurizes a wet paper web transfer belt sandwiched between wet rolls while being sandwiched between the rolls.
- the shear press mechanism is a mechanism that pressurizes a wet paper web transfer belt sandwiched between wet paper while being sandwiched between a press roll and a shoe.
- the press press mechanism can take a wider press zone of the pressing part (ep) of the press.
- the shush press mechanism has an advantage in that it has a long pressurization time and is excellent in water squeezing property, and thus has been widely adopted in recent years.
- the applicant of the present invention has proposed a shoe press belt used in a shoe press mechanism (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-307421).
- the shoe press belt is an endless annular belt that has a base layer, a wet paper web side layer, and a shoe side layer, and is disposed between a press roll and a shoe of a shoe press mechanism and rotates.
- the width (belt weft dimension) in the width direction (CMD direction) of the shoulder press belt is larger than the dimension in the width direction of the shoe (shu weft dimension).
- the running of the press belt is a so-called “running” in which power is transmitted through the wet paper web transfer belt as the press roll is driven.
- a shear stress a kind of bending stress acts on the shoe press belt when moving the pressure part.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-307421
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and by partially increasing the rigidity of a belt portion in a predetermined region corresponding to each of the shoe edge portions on both sides in the width direction of the shoe,
- An object of the present invention is to provide a belt for a stress that can improve the bending stress and crack resistance of the belt, suppress bending deformation, prevent the occurrence of cracks, and improve the durability of the belt.
- a belt according to the present invention is a shoe press belt which is disposed between a press roll of a shoe press mechanism and a lower or upper shoe and rotates.
- the shoe press belt includes a shoe side layer that contacts the shoe, a base layer provided on the outer periphery of the shoe side layer, and a wet paper side layer formed on the outer periphery of the base layer.
- the base layer has a pair of reinforcing bases. The pair of reinforcing bases are arranged to circulate in the warp direction in predetermined regions respectively corresponding to the shoe edge portions on both sides in the width direction of the shoe! RU
- the reinforcing base material is disposed on one or both of the outer periphery and the inner periphery of the base layer.
- the reinforcing base material is formed of the shoe in the shoe press belt. It is arranged only in the shoe edge abutting portion region that abuts on one edge portion.
- the reinforcing base material is disposed in both a shoe edge contact portion region that contacts the shoe edge portion of the shoe press belt and an end region including the weft direction end portion of the shoe press belt.
- a plurality of concave grooves are formed in the warp direction on the surface of the wet paper web side layer, and the concave grooves are preferably formed in a curved cross-sectional shape.
- the force for forming the concave grooves located in the vicinity of the shoe edge portion in a curved cross-section shape or all the concave grooves are formed in a curved cross-section shape.
- a plurality of concave grooves formed in the warp direction on the surface of the wet paper web side layer are formed in the shoulder edge contact region on both sides in the width direction of the shoe. Even if it is formed in a place other than this area!
- the reinforcing base material is constituted by a lattice-like member formed in a lattice shape by warps and wefts and joined at intersections.
- the base layer includes a main body portion formed of a lattice member formed in a lattice shape by warps and wefts and joined at an intersecting portion, the reinforcing base material formed of the lattice member, and an outer periphery of the lattice member. And a yarn thread layer in which the yarn is spirally wound around the inner circumference.
- the reinforcing base material is the same or different from the lattice member used for the main body portion of the base body layer.
- the lattice member of the main body portion and the lattice member of the reinforcing base material are different, in both the lattice members, the first case in which the meshes are different from each other, and the warps
- a second case having a different thickness, a third case in which the wefts are different in thickness, and a case in which two or more cases of the first case to the third case are combined together. is there.
- the end portions in the width direction of the lattice-shaped members themselves overlap each other, or the end portions are separated from each other, or the partial force is in contact with each other. It is preferable that they are arranged in the same place.
- the lattice member is preferably such that the weft is less likely to wear than the warp.
- the warp is a twisted or spun yarn that can be used as a raw material for inorganic fibers such as carbon fiber and glass fiber, natural fibers such as cotton, or synthetic fibers.
- the weft is made of nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, aromatic Polyamide, aromatic polyimide, high modulus such as high strength polyethylene, synthetic fiber with high elastic modulus, polyester multifilament twisted yarn, or spun yarn made of polyester cotton.
- the synthetic fiber is polyester cotton, polyester multifilament, acrylic cotton, or acrylic multifilament.
- the shoe press belt according to the present invention is configured as described above, the rigidity of the belt portions in the predetermined regions respectively corresponding to the shoe edge portions on both sides in the width direction of the shoe is partially increased. As a result, the bending stress and crack resistance of the belt can be improved, the bending deformation can be suppressed and the occurrence of cracks can be prevented, and the durability of the belt can be improved.
- FIG. 1 to FIG. 17 are views for explaining the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a shoe press mechanism.
- FIG. 2 to FIG. 11 are views showing an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a shoe press mechanism.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part III in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a grid-like member provided on a shoe press belt.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a procedure for manufacturing a shoe press belt.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a process 1 for forming a show side layer
- FIGS. 6 (A) and 6 (B) are a side view and a perspective view, respectively.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a step 2 of providing a base layer, and is a perspective view showing a step of arranging a lattice-like member in the step 2.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a step of providing a reinforcing base material in step 2.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a step of forming a yarn thread layer in step 2.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a step of performing bonding after forming the yarn layer in step 2.
- FIG. 11 is a front view showing a process of separating the shoe press belt from the mandrel.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a shoe press belt that is effective in the first modification, and is a view corresponding to FIG. 3.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a shoe press mechanism using a shoe press belt that is effective in the second modified example, and is a view corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a shoe press belt that works according to a third modification, corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a shoe press belt that works according to a fourth modification, corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic view of an experimental apparatus for examining crack resistance and wear resistance.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic view of an experimental apparatus for examining bending stress.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a shoe press mechanism.
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 11 are diagrams showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the shoe press mechanism, and
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion III in FIG. 2, which is a sectional view of the shoe press belt.
- the show press mechanism 1 includes a press roll 2 and a show 3 provided below (or above) the press roll 2.
- SHU PRESS BELT 4 (hereinafter referred to as BELT 4) 1S It is placed between the press roll 2 and the SHU 3 and rotates.
- the press part of the paper machine is configured by arranging a plurality of shear press mechanisms 1 in series along the conveyance direction of the wet paper 5.
- An endless annular belt 4 is used in the shoe press mechanism 1.
- This belt 4 runs between the press roll 2 and the shoe 3.
- the press mechanism 1 there are an open type press mechanism in which the belt 4 is wound around a plurality of rolls, and a press sleeve type press mechanism in which the belt 4 is guided and supported by a hollow inner shell.
- the wet paper web transfer belt 6 made of water absorbent felt and the wet paper web 5 supported by the wet paper web 6 are conveyed in the same direction at almost the same speed.
- the wet paper 5 is pressed by the press roll 2 and the shoe 3 in a state where the wet paper 5 is positioned on the belt 4 in the pressurizing unit (two-ply) 8.
- the water in the wet paper 5 is squeezed, and this water is absorbed by the wet paper web transfer belt 6 and part of the water flows through the concave groove 24 of the belt 4 and is discharged.
- the belt 4 is used in a press-sleeve type press mechanism. This belt 4 is faster than the belt used in the open type press mechanism. The use conditions such as increase of the pressure and the number of times of the rotation become severe. Therefore, the user is strongly required to improve the durability of the belt 4.
- the belt 4 is located between the upper surface 7 of the shoe 3 and the wet paper web transfer belt 6 that supports the wet paper 5 in the pressurizing unit 8, and travels in the warp direction (MD direction).
- the width (belt weft dimension W1) dimension of the belt 4 in the width direction (the weft direction: CMD direction) is larger than the dimension (shoulder dimension W2) of the width direction (the weft direction) of Shu 3.
- the belt 4 is placed in a state in which the weft direction end portions 9 on both sides extend outwardly, and the upper surface of the shoe 3 is between the shoulder edge portion 10 on one side in the weft direction and the shoulder edge portion 10 on the other side.
- the belt 4 can be divided into a central region E at the center thereof, a pair of shoe edge abutting region E1 located outside the central region E, and a pair of end regions E2.
- the end region E2 is located on the outer side of the shoulder edge contact region E and includes the weft end 9 of the belt 4.
- the belt 4 contacts the upper surface 7 of the shoe 3.
- the edge portion 10 is located in the edge contact area E1. Therefore, the belt 4 in the region E1 does not come in contact with the upper surface 7 of the shoe 3 at the center side of the shoe edge portion 10 and outside the force edge portion 10 at the center side. Since there is no shoe 3 in the end region E2, the belt 4 does not come into contact with the shoe 3 in this region E2.
- the belt 4 includes a shear side layer 21 in contact with the shear 3, a base layer 22 provided on the outer periphery of the shear side layer 21, and a wet paper web side layer 25 formed on the outer periphery of the base layer 22. ing. On the surface 23 of the wet paper web layer 25, a plurality of concave grooves 24 for drainage are formed in the warp direction (MD direction). It should be noted that the wet paper web side layer 25 may be formed with no concave grooves.
- the base layer 22 has a pair of reinforcing bases 11.
- the pair of reinforcing base materials 11 circulate in the warp direction (MD direction) in predetermined regions (in this embodiment, the shoe edge contact portion region E1) respectively corresponding to the shoe edge portions 10 on both sides in the width direction of the shoe 3.
- a pair of reinforcing base materials 11 is provided on the belt 4.
- the rigidity force of the belt portion of the predetermined region (here, the shoe edge contact portion region E1) corresponding to the shoe edge portions 10 on both sides in the width direction of the shoe 3 is partially increased. Therefore, the belt 4 is improved in bending stress and suppressed in bending deformation, and is also improved in crack resistance to prevent the occurrence of cracks (particularly warp in the warp direction). Can be improved.
- the reinforcing base material 11 is disposed on one or both of the outer periphery (press roll 2 side) and the inner periphery (shew 3 side) of the base layer 22 (in this embodiment, the outer periphery). As in the present embodiment, it is preferable that the reinforcing base material 11 is disposed on the outer periphery of the base layer 22.
- the reinforcing base 11 is placed in a state of being wrapped around and supported by the base layer 22 in advance. Therefore, the wet paper web side layer 25 can be more stably formed on the outer periphery of the base layer 22.
- the plurality of concave grooves 24 are formed in the wet paper web side layer 25 in the shoulder edge contact area E1 that contacts the shoulder edge 10, the distance between the groove bottom and the reinforcing substrate 11 is narrowed. Therefore, for the crack resistance, the groove depth in the region E1 may be formed shallower than the groove depth in the central region E.
- the reinforcing substrate 11 is disposed only in the shoe edge contact region E1 in contact with the shoe edge 10 in the belt 4. As a result, the rigidity of the belt portion of the shoulder edge contact portion area E1 of the belt 4 is partially increased, so that the bending stress and crack resistance of the belt 4 are improved.
- the concave groove in the squeegee contact portion region E1 and the concave groove in the central region E are the same. It can be formed with the depth of the groove.
- the shoulder edge contact region E1 corresponding to the shoulder edge portions 10 on both sides in the width direction of the shoe respectively.
- the rigidity is further increased partially. Therefore, the bending stress and crack resistance of the belt 4 can be further improved.
- FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the grid member 30 provided on the belt 4.
- the reinforcing base 11 is composed of a lattice member 30 in which a plurality of warps 31a and a plurality of wefts 31b are combined in a lattice shape.
- a plurality of warps 31a and a plurality of wefts 31b are vertically overlapped in a lattice shape and crossed at 31c. Once joined, it becomes a woven structure.
- the lattice-like member 30 before the attachment a member in a state in which an end band having a width of 0.5 m to 1.0 m is wound in a roll shape is preferably used. Further, at the time of attachment, the end-banded lattice-like member 30 is drawn straight out from the roll-like member, and a plurality of them are arranged side by side along the axial direction of the mandrel M.
- the base layer 22 is composed of a main body portion 27 made of a lattice-like member 30, a reinforcing base material 11 made of a lattice-like base material 30, and a yarn arranged around the lattice-like member 30 in which a yarn 32 is spirally wound. It is equipped with cocoon layer 33.
- an endless woven fabric may be used for the reinforcing base material 11 and the main body 27, in this embodiment, the lattice member 30 is used, and the intersecting portion 31c of the warp 31a and the weft 31b is joined. It has been. As a result, when the belt 4 is used, even if stress concentrates on the intersecting portion 31c of the lattice-like member 30, cracks are generated and crack resistance is improved.
- the intersecting portion 31c is joined, when the lattice member 30 is attached at the time of manufacturing the belt 4, the warp 31a and the weft 31b are not misaligned. As a result, the grid-like member 30 can be easily attached, and the workability is good.
- the weft 31b is less likely to wear than the warp 31a.
- the joining of the intersecting portion 31c of the lattice member 30 is peeled off, and friction occurs between the warp 31a and the weft 31b. Therefore, since the weft 31b is worn out more than the warp 31a, the weft 31b is not worn early, and the strength of the belt 4 and the dimensional stability in the weft direction are improved.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the manufacturing procedure of the belt 4, and FIG. 5 (F) is an enlarged view of a portion F in FIG. 5 (E).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing step 1 of forming the shoe side layer 21, and FIGS. 6 (A) and 6 (B) are a side view and a perspective view, respectively.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the step 2 of providing the base layer 22, and is a perspective view showing the step of disposing the grid member 30 in the step 2.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the step of providing the reinforcing base material 11 in step 2.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the step of forming the yarn thread layer 33 in step 2.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the step of joining after the formation of the yarn layer 33 in step 2.
- Figure 11 shows the 4 is a front view showing a process of separating the belt 4 from the mandrel M.
- the mandrel M is used, and the shoe side layer 21, the base layer 22 and the wet paper side layer 25 are formed in this order.
- a shoe side layer 21 is formed on the surface of the mandrel M whose surface has been polished.
- a release agent on the surface of the mandrel M in advance or to apply a release sheet.
- the shear side layer 21 is formed with a thickness of about 0.5 to 2.0 mm using a coating machine (for example, doctor bar, coater bar, etc.) T.
- the smoothness of the shear side layer 21 of the belt 4 that always slides in contact with the shear 3 (Fig. 1) can be ensured. Further, the belt 4 after the manufacturing process can be easily detached from the mandrel M. In addition, it is preferable to provide a heating device for the mandrel M so that curing of the resin constituting the shear side layer 21 can be promoted.
- a base layer 22 is provided on the outer periphery of the show side layer 21.
- a lattice member 30 (FIG. 4) is attached to the outer periphery of the shear side layer 21.
- the intersecting portions 31c of the lattice-like member 30 are joined by a resin bonding or a melting process.
- the weft 31b of the lattice member 30 is preferably made of a material that is less likely to wear than the warp 31a. Therefore, examples of the warp 31a include various yarns such as inorganic fibers such as carbon fibers and glass fibers, natural fibers such as cotton, and twisted yarns or spun yarns that have a material strength such as synthetic fibers.
- Examples of synthetic fibers include polyester cotton, polyester multifilament, acrylic cotton, acrylic multifilament, and the like.
- weft 31b for example, nylon, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), aromatic polyamide, aromatic polyimide, high-strength polyethylene, etc., high modulus, high modulus synthetic fiber, polyester multifilament twisted yarn, or polyester cotton Examples include spun yarn.
- the lattice strength of the lattice member 30 is preferably in the range of 50 to 250 kgZcm, and the 1% modulus is preferably in the range of 5 to 40 kgZcm.
- a single or a plurality of lattice members 30 are arranged on the outer periphery of the shear side layer 21 on the mandrel so that the base layer 22 A main body 27 is formed.
- a member in which a band with a width of 0.5 m to l.Om is wound in a roll shape as described above is used.
- this roll-shaped member also draws the end-banded lattice-shaped member 30 straight, and sequentially cuts it to a predetermined length corresponding to the width of the belt 4 (the same length as the width of the belt 4).
- a plurality of lattice members 30 are obtained.
- the weft 3 lb of each of the strip-like lattice members 30 is along the axial direction of the mandrel M, and the ends in the width direction of the lattice members 30 themselves are mutually! It is preferable to arrange them on the outer periphery of the show side layer 21 so as to overlap (FIG. 7).
- the end portions in the width direction of the lattice-like members 30 themselves may be separated from each other or may be in contact with each other. Further, a single or a plurality of lattice members 30 may be spirally wound around the outer periphery of the show side layer 21. In that case, it is preferable to arrange the grid-shaped members 30 themselves so that the ends in the width direction overlap each other because the strength of the belt 4 is improved.
- the lattice-shaped member 30 When the lattice-shaped member 30 is arranged on the outer periphery of the shear side layer 21, the mandrel M is rotated little by little before the shear side layer 21 is completely cured so that the weft 31b is along the axial direction of the mandrel M. To place.
- a pair of reinforcing base materials 11 are provided so as to wrap around the outer periphery of the main body 27 of the base layer 22 so that the lattice-like member 30 circulates.
- the reinforcing base material 11 is disposed in the shoe edge contact portion region E1 (FIG. 2).
- the reinforcing substrate 11 uses the same (or different) lattice-like member 30 as that for the main body 27 of the base layer 22.
- the lattice-like member 30 of the main body 27 and the lattice-like member 30 of the reinforcing base material 11 are different, for example, in both lattice-like members 30, the first case in which the meshes are different from each other, warps 31a There are a second case with different thicknesses, a third case with different wefts 31b in thickness, and cases where two or more cases among the first and third cases are combined together.
- one or a plurality of lattice members 30 are arranged on the outer periphery of the body portion 27 of the base layer 22 so that the weft 31b faces the axial direction of the mandrel M. It is arranged around a predetermined position in the ssh edge contact area El.
- a plurality of reinforcing base materials 11 are provided in the shoulder edge contact area E 1 so as to circulate a plurality of times in the longitudinal direction.
- the pair of reinforcing base materials 11 are arranged so as to extend in the warp direction in the shoulder edge contact portion region E1 and circulate and overlap.
- the yarn 32 is pulled out from one or more bobbins 34 provided in the yarn supply device. Then, the yarn 32 is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the lattice-like member 30 to form the yarn ridge layer 33.
- the yarn supply device includes a moving device for moving the bobbin 34.
- This moving device moves the bobbin 34 along the axial direction of the mandrel M in conjunction with this work while winding the thread 32 drawn out from the bobbin 34 in a spiral shape to form the thread layer 33. .
- the material of the yarn 32 of the yarn layer 33 is, for example, high strength, high modulus, high elastic modulus synthetic fiber force such as nylon, PET, aromatic polyamide, aromatic polyimide, high strength polyethylene, etc. Monofilament yarn, multifilament yarn or twisted yarn thereof.
- the yarn 32 is preferably wound spirally in the range of 10 Z5 cm to 50 Z5 cm.
- Material strength of yarn 32 In the case of multifilament (3, OOdtex), which also has aromatic polyamide strength, it is preferable to wind the yarn 32 spirally in the range of 15 Z5cm to 60 Z5cm. Further, the strength of the yarn 32 is preferably in the range of 100 kgZcm to 300 kgZcm.
- the yarn 32 is provided on the entire outer periphery of the shear side layer 21 and is provided with a main body portion 27 composed of the lattice member 30 and a reinforcing member composed of the lattice member 30.
- a base layer 22 having a base 11 and a thread layer 33 disposed on the outer periphery of the lattice-like member 30 is configured.
- the yarn thread layer 33 fastens the entire outer periphery of the lattice member 30 that forms the main body 27 and the reinforcing base material 11 of the base layer 22.
- the grid member 30 is positioned and held in a stable state on the entire outer periphery of the shear side layer 21, and the strength of the belt 4 in the warp direction (MD direction) is improved.
- a procedure for attaching the grid-like member 30 to the entire circumference of the shoe side layer 21 and a grid-like member 30 are attached to the predetermined region by rotating in the longitudinal direction to form a pair of reinforcing base materials 11.
- the procedure to do may be either first.
- Each lattice member 30 may be a single layer (single layer) or a plurality of layers! /.
- the lattice member 30 has a plurality of layers, the portion in which the end portions in the width direction of the lattice member itself overlap each other (or the portion where the end portions are separated from each other or are in contact with each other) force It is preferable that they are arranged in such a way that they are not in the same place across multiple layers. In this way, unnecessary undulations are not generated in the base layer 22.
- the base layer 22 is formed by forming the thread layer 33 on the entire outer periphery of the lattice-like member 30. Then, while rotating the mandrel M, a grease is applied so as to cover the base layer 22.
- This resin is preferably a resin having a viscosity that reaches the gaps between the lattice-like member 30 of the base layer 22 and the yarn layer 33 and closes the gaps.
- the single-layer lattice member 30 is disposed on the outer periphery of the shear side layer 21 to form the main body portion 27, and a pair of reinforcing members is formed on a part of the outer periphery of the main body portion 27.
- a lattice-like member 30 constituting the base material 11 is disposed, and a yarn thread layer 33 is provided on the entire outer periphery.
- the base layer may be configured by various methods shown in the following (Case 1) to (Case 4), or by the procedures of modifications and examples described later.
- the yarn layer 33 is formed, and then the lattice-like member 30 is arranged around the entire circumference to form the main body 27, and the lattice-like member 30 is arranged around a predetermined area in the longitudinal direction. Then, there is a method of forming the reinforcing substrate 11 and then forming the yarn layer 33.
- the lattice member 30 is arranged on the entire circumference to form the main body 27, and then the thread layer 33 is formed, and then the lattice member 30 is circulated in the warp direction in a predetermined region. Place and supplement There is a method in which the strong substrate 11 is formed and finally the yarn layer 33 is formed.
- a wet paper web side layer 25 (Fig. 3) is formed and a plurality of concave grooves 24 having a rectangular cross section are formed as shown in Figs. Move to step 3 to form
- the resin layer for forming the wet paper web side layer 25 on the outer periphery of the yarn layer 33 is passed through the base layer 22 and impregnated. Then, since the resin of the wet paper side layer 25 reaches the outer peripheral surface of the show side layer 21, the show side layer 21, the wet paper side layer 25 and the base layer 22 are joined and integrated.
- the doctor paper 35 is used to form the wet paper side layer 25 made of a predetermined thickness of resin.
- polyurethane resin As a material for the shear side layer 21 and the wet paper side layer 25, polyurethane resin is preferable, but rubber, elastomer and the like can also be mentioned.
- a thermosetting urethane resin is preferable in view of its physical properties, and a resin having a hardness in the range of 80 to 98 degrees CFIS-A) is selected. Further, the hardness of the shear side layer 21 and the hardness of the wet paper side layer 25 may be the same or different.
- the surface is polished, and then a plurality of grooves 24 are formed in the longitudinal direction on the surface 23 of the wet paper web side layer 25. In this way, the belt 4 is formed on the surface of the mandrel M.
- the belt 4 is separated from the mandrel M using a jig 36.
- the belt 4 can be easily separated from the mandrel M if a release agent is applied to the surface of the mandrel M in advance or a release sheet is attached.
- one end of the belt 4 is fixed to a ring of a jig 36 having a diameter larger than that of the mandrel M so that the ring can be separated from the mandrel M. In this way, the belt 4 can be easily separated from the mandrel M force.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the shoe press belt 4a that is effective in the first modification, and is a view corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a shoe press mechanism la that uses a shoe press belt 4b that works according to the second modified example, and corresponds to FIG. Figure 14 shows the power of the third variation.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of one press belt 4c, corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a shoe press belt 4d according to a fourth modification, corresponding to FIG.
- the shoe press belts 4a to 4d which are effective in the first to fourth modifications, are arranged between the press roll 2 of the shoe press mechanism and the shoe 3 below (or above) the shoe roll. It is arranged and rotates.
- the shoulder press belts 4a to 4d are composed of a shear side layer 21 in contact with the shear 3, a base layer 22 (or 22a) provided on the outer periphery of the shear side layer 21, and the base layer 22 (or 22a).
- a wet paper web side layer 25 formed on the outer periphery. On the surface of the wet paper web layer 25, a plurality of concave grooves 24 for drainage are formed in the warp direction (MD direction).
- the base layer 22 (or 22a) has a pair of reinforcing base materials 11 (or 11a).
- the pair of reinforcing base materials 11 (or 11a) are arranged around the warp direction in predetermined regions respectively corresponding to the shoe edge portions 10 on both sides in the width direction of the shoe 3. From this point, the same operational effects as the above-described embodiment can be obtained.
- the reinforcing base materials 11 and 11 a are constituted by the lattice members 30.
- the base layer 22 (or 22a) includes a main body portion 27 made of a lattice member 30, a reinforcing substrate 11 (or 11a) made of the lattice member 30, and an outer periphery (or inner periphery) of the lattice member 30. ) And a thread layer 33 in which the thread 32 is spirally wound.
- the reinforcing base 11 constituting the base layer 22a is disposed on the inner periphery of the base layer 22a.
- the lattice-like members 30 are arranged in the warp direction in the warp direction in the predetermined regions (here, the shoulder edge abutment region E1) respectively corresponding to the shoe edge portions 10 on both sides in the width direction of the shoe 3. Mount around the outer circumference of 21. Thereby, the reinforcing substrate 11 is formed.
- the reinforcing base material 11 is attached by surrounding and attaching another grid member 30. Can be formed.
- the concave groove 24 in the shoe edge contact portion region E1 and the concave groove 24 in the central region E can be formed with the same concave groove depth.
- the reinforcing base material 11a included in the base layer 22 has predetermined regions (here, the shoe edge contact portion region E1 and the shoe press belt). It is located in both end regions E2 including the weft end 9 of 4b).
- the bending stress and crack resistance of the shoe press belt 4b at portions extending outward from the shoe edge portions 10 on both sides in the width direction of the shoe 3 are further improved.
- bending deformation can be more effectively suppressed and cracks can be prevented from occurring.
- the plurality of concave grooves 24 formed in the warp direction on the surface 23 of the wet paper web side layer 25 are formed in a curved cross-sectional shape (for example, an arc shape). If there is an edge part on the inner peripheral surface of the groove, bending stress concentrates on the edge part and cracks are likely to occur. However, in this modification, there is no edge portion on the inner peripheral surface of the recessed groove 24 located in the vicinity of the shoe edge portion 10. As a result, even if the SHU press belt 4c undergoes bending deformation due to shear stress, the bending stress does not concentrate on the inner peripheral surface of the groove 24, and crack resistance is further improved.
- a curved cross-sectional shape for example, an arc shape
- the concave grooves 24 located in the vicinity of the wedge portion 10 are formed in a curved cross section, but all the concave grooves 24 are cross-sectionally formed. It may be a curved surface.
- the plurality of concave grooves 24 are formed on the surface of the wet paper web side layer 25 in the warp direction.
- the plurality of concave grooves 24 are not formed in the shoe edge contact portion region E1 on both sides in the width direction of the shoe 3, but are formed in a portion other than the region E1.
- the groove 24 is not formed in the area near the squeeze edge portion 10, no wet paper is placed in this area, so the water press function of the squee press mechanism has little adverse effect on the water discharge function. It doesn't matter.
- Step 1 A release agent (KS-61: manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was appropriately applied in advance to a polished surface of a mandrel having a diameter of 1,500 mm that can be rotated by a driving means. Next, while rotating the mandrel, a thermosetting urethane resin was applied to the surface of the mandrel to a thickness of 1 mm using a doctor bar, and the mandrel was rotated and left at room temperature for 10 minutes.
- KS-61 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- thermosetting urethane resin is composed of a TDI-based polymer (Takenate L2395 [manufactured by Takeda Pharmaceutical]) and a curing agent containing DMTDA (ETHACURE300 [manufactured by Albemarle]) with an HZNCO equivalent ratio of 0.97. It is what was mixed so that.
- ETHACURE300 is a mixture of 3,5-dimethinoretian 2,4-tonole enamine and 3,5-dimethinoret 2,6-tonole enamine.
- thermosetting urethane resin was heated and cured at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a show side layer.
- Step 2 A lattice-shaped member (weft density was 4 Zcm, warp density was 1 Zcm) was prepared.
- This lattice-shaped member uses PET fiber 5,000dtex multifilament yarn twisted weft, PET T fiber 500dtex multifilament yarn twisted warp, and the warp is sandwiched between the wefts. Is sealed by urethane-based resin adhesion.
- the body part of the layer was formed.
- a reinforcing substrate was formed by further arranging a lattice member on the outer periphery of the lattice member.
- the lattice member used for this reinforcing base material is used for the main body of the base layer. It has a different configuration from the child-like member. That is, in the lattice-like member of the reinforcing base material, the weft and the warp are twisted yarns of a 500 dtex multifilament yarn of PET fiber. And, the warp is sandwiched between the wefts, the intersection of the warp and the weft is sealed by urethane-based resin adhesion, and the weft density and the warp density are 4.5 Zcm each.
- the lattice member was rotated twice in the warp direction. That is, two layers of the lattice member were wound in the mandrel rotation direction so that the wefts of the lattice member were along the axial direction of the mandrel, and only in the shoe edge contact region E1 of the shoe press belt. Thereby, a base material for reinforcing the base layer is formed.
- a 7,000 dtex multifilament yarn of PET fiber was spirally wound at a pitch of Z5 cm on the outer periphery of the lattice member to form a yarn layer.
- the resin layer was applied to the gap between the lattice member of the substrate layer and the yarn layer so as to close the gap, thereby forming a substrate layer.
- Step 3 From the top of the yarn layer constituting the base layer, impregnated with the same thermosetting urethane resin as the resin used for the shoe side layer to a thickness of 5.5 mm, and at 100 ° C for 5 hours A wet paper web side layer was formed by heat curing.
- the surface of the wet paper web side layer was polished so that the total thickness of the belt was about 5.0 mm. Subsequently, a concave groove having a rectangular cross section was formed in the warp direction (MD direction) of the belt with a rotary blade, thereby obtaining a shoe press belt of the present invention.
- step 2 of Example 1 a plurality of lattice members (the same material as the lattice member for the main body portion of the base layer in Step 2 of Example 1) are used, and the wefts are along the axial direction of the mandrel.
- One layer is arranged on the entire outer periphery of the shoe side layer so that the end portions in the width direction of the lattice-shaped members themselves abut each other. Thereby, the main-body part of a base layer is formed.
- a reinforcing substrate was formed by further arranging a lattice member on the outer periphery of the lattice member.
- the lattice-like member used for the reinforcing base has a configuration different from the lattice-like member used for the main body portion of the base layer. That is, in the lattice-like member of the reinforcing base material, the weft and the warp are twisted yarns of a 500 dtex multifilament yarn of PET fiber. The warp is sandwiched between the wefts, and the intersection of the warp and the weft is sealed by urethane-based grease adhesion. The weft density and the warp density are 4.5 Zcm each.
- the lattice member was rotated twice in the warp direction.
- the lattice-shaped member wefts are aligned with the mandrel axial direction, and the lattice-shaped member is wound around both the shoulder edge contact region E1 and the end region E2 of the shoe press belt in the mandrel rotation direction.
- the base material for reinforcement is formed.
- a base layer is formed on the outer periphery of the reinforcing base material by forming a thread layer in the same manner as in Step 2 of Example 1.
- Step 2 of Example 2 a plurality of sheets are formed.
- Two layers of lattice members are arranged on the outer periphery of the shear side layer so that the wefts are along the axial direction of the mandrel and the ends in the width direction of the lattice members themselves overlap to form the main body of the base layer Do it!
- step 2 of Example 1 a thread was spirally wound around the outer periphery of the shear side layer. Thereafter, a single piece of lattice-shaped member (the same material as the lattice-shaped member for the main body portion of the base layer in step 2 of Example 1) so that the ends in the width direction of the lattice-shaped member itself abut each other. ) was placed. Thereby, the main-body part of a base layer is formed.
- a reinforcing substrate was formed by further arranging a lattice member on the outer periphery of the lattice member.
- the lattice-like member used for the reinforcing base has a configuration different from the lattice-like member used for the main body portion of the base layer. That is, in the lattice-like member of the reinforcing base material, the weft and the warp are twisted yarns of a 500 dtex multifilament yarn of PET fiber. And, the warp is sandwiched between the wefts, the intersection of the warp and the weft is sealed by urethane-based resin adhesion, and the weft density and the warp density are 4.5 Zcm each.
- the lattice member was rotated twice in the warp direction. That is, two layers of the lattice member were wound in the mandrel rotation direction so that the wefts of the lattice member were along the axial direction of the mandrel, and only in the shoe edge contact region E1 of the shoe press belt. Thereby, a base material for reinforcing the base layer is formed. Subsequently, a base layer is formed by forming a yarn layer on the outer periphery of the reinforcing base.
- step 2 of Example 1 the yarn is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the shear side layer, Form. Next, so that the ends in the width direction of the lattice-shaped member itself abut each other.
- One layer of the lattice member (the same material as the lattice member for the main body portion of the base layer in step 2 of Example 1) was disposed. Thereby, the main-body part of a base layer is formed.
- a reinforcing substrate was formed by further arranging a lattice member on the outer periphery of the lattice member.
- the lattice-like member used for the reinforcing base has a configuration different from the lattice-like member used for the main body portion of the base layer. That is, in the lattice-like member of the reinforcing base material, the weft and the warp are twisted yarns of a 500 dtex multifilament yarn of PET fiber. And, the warp is sandwiched between the wefts, the intersection of the warp and the weft is sealed by urethane-based resin adhesion, and the weft density and the warp density are 4.5 Zcm each.
- the lattice member was rotated twice in the warp direction. That is, the weft of the grid member is aligned with the mandrel axial direction, and the grid member is wound around both the shoe edge abutment region E1 and the end region E2 of the shoe press belt in the mandrel rotation direction. Layers arranged. Thereby, the base material for reinforcement of a base layer is formed. Subsequently, a base layer is formed by forming a thread layer on the outer periphery thereof.
- step 3 of Example 1 a concave groove having a substantially rectangular shape and a circular arc bottom is formed with a rotary blade in the longitudinal direction of the belt (MD direction). Obtained.
- step 2 of Example 1 a plurality of lattice members were arranged on the outer periphery of the shoe side layer. That is, the lattice member is arranged on the outer periphery of the shoe side layer so that the wefts of the lattice member are along the axial direction of the mandrel and the end portions in the width direction of the lattice member are in contact with each other. . Subsequently, a base layer is formed by forming a thread layer on the outer periphery thereof. Therefore, the reinforcing base material is not formed on the shoe press belt of Comparative Example 1.
- Table 1 below shows crack resistance, bending stress and the like of the shoe press belt in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic view of an experimental apparatus for examining crack resistance (described in Table 1) and wear resistance (described in Table 2).
- the sample press belt sample S is cut in the transverse direction (direction perpendicular to the concave groove) and both ends of this sample S are cut.
- clamp nodes 51, 51 Fig. 16
- the sample S is sandwiched between the rotating roll 52 and the press shoe 53, and the outer peripheral surface of the sample S is in contact with the rotating roll 52.
- the press 53 By moving the press 53 in the direction of the rotating roll 52 as shown by the arrow G, the sample S is calorically pressed at a pressure of 36 kgZcm 2 .
- the clamp hands 51 and 51 reciprocate in the left-right direction as shown by the arrow B in conjunction with each other.
- the tension applied to sample S is 3 kgZcm, and the reciprocating speed is 40 cmZ seconds.
- the length of the sample S is adjusted so that both the edge contact region E1 and the end region E2 thereof are in contact with the rotary roll 52 !.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for examining bending stress. Using this experimental device, the bending stress was measured and the Oka IJ property was evaluated.
- the bending stress in the thickness direction of the shoe press belt (the force that deforms the belt in the shoe edge contact area) was measured by a three-point bending measurement as shown in FIG. Syup
- the sles belt sample s has a plurality of grooves formed in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and the direction perpendicular to the grooves is the left-right direction in FIG.
- test conditions are as follows.
- the sample S according to Examples 1 to 5 has improved crack resistance and bending stress compared to the sample according to Comparative Example 1.
- the lattice member 30 is used for the base layer including the reinforcing base.
- the wear of the grid member 30 was measured with an experimental apparatus (FIG. 16), and the results are shown in Table 2.
- FIG. 16 Since the sample S is strongly bent on the press shoe 53 side, stress due to the bending is generated at the intersection of the weft and the warp of the lattice member.
- the stress due to force bending with the lattice-like member and the yarn layer on the rotating roll 52 side is not so large. Therefore, it is possible to investigate the degree of wear at the intersection of the weft and the warp of the lattice member with this experimental apparatus.
- Example la to Example 3a and Comparative Example la With this experimental device, with respect to Example la to Example 3a and Comparative Example la, the number of reciprocating movements was tested up to 500,000 times, and the cutting strength in the longitudinal direction and the weft direction of sample S after the experiment was measured. The wear of the lattice member of sample S was observed. The tension applied to sample S is 3 kgZcm, the pressure is 36 kgZcm 2 , and the moving speed is 40 cmZ seconds.
- Table 2 shows the cutting strength and wear of the grid members of Example la to Example 3a and Comparative Example la.
- Example la to Example 3a the wefts in the lattice members are less likely to be worn than warps, so the wefts are particularly superior in wear resistance compared to Comparative Example la. I understand that.
- the warp that intersects with the weft is more susceptible to wear, so sample S bends during the experiment and friction occurs at the intersection of the weft and the warp.
- the warp is worn preferentially. As a result, weft damage can be reduced, the weft cutting strength is maintained, and the dimensional stability in the weft direction (CMD direction) of the shoe press belt is maintained.
- the lattice-like member 30 when used for the base layer, the lattice-like member 30 is not woven and has a lower rigidity and is softer than the woven fabric. For this reason, the shoe press belt in which the lattice-like member 30 is used for the base layer is easy to bend because it is twisted by the drive of the press roll 2. In particular, the bending deformation at the belt portion in the shoulder edge contact area E1 is the largest.
- the substrate layers 22 and 22a are arranged in both of the partial regions E2. Thereby, in the base layers 22 and 22a, the rigidity of the portion where bending deformation is most likely to occur (that is, the belt portion in the shoulder edge contact portion region E1) is partially increased.
- the bending stress of the shoe press belts 4, 4a to 4d is improved and the bending deformation is suppressed, and crack resistance is improved to prevent the occurrence of cracks.
- the durability of 4d can be improved.
- the shoe press belt of the present invention can be applied to a shoe press mechanism constituting a paper machine, particularly a press sleeve type shoe press mechanism.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2007800209138A CN101460677B (zh) | 2006-06-05 | 2007-06-04 | 靴式挤压机用传送带 |
EP07767018.0A EP2028317B1 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2007-06-04 | Belt for shoe press |
US12/303,175 US8083899B2 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2007-06-04 | Belt for shoe press |
BRPI0711501-6A BRPI0711501A2 (pt) | 2006-06-05 | 2007-06-04 | correia para uma presa de sapata |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006-155612 | 2006-06-05 | ||
JP2006155612A JP4856475B2 (ja) | 2006-06-05 | 2006-06-05 | シュープレス用ベルト |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2007142176A1 true WO2007142176A1 (ja) | 2007-12-13 |
Family
ID=38801427
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2007/061269 WO2007142176A1 (ja) | 2006-06-05 | 2007-06-04 | シュープレス用ベルト |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8083899B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2028317B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4856475B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101460677B (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0711501A2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007142176A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103603156B (zh) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-10-28 | 苏州市玄天环保科技有限公司 | 渔网浸浆烘干定型机 |
JP6595354B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-25 | 2019-10-23 | 日本フエルト株式会社 | シュープレスベルト用基布及びシュープレスベルト |
DE102018118603A1 (de) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-06 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Pressmantel, dessen Verwendung sowie Presswalze und Schuhpresse |
DE102018118604A1 (de) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-06 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Pressmantel, dessen Verwendung sowie Presswalze und Schuhpresse |
EP3913131A1 (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-11-24 | Valmet Technologies Oy | Belt for a sleeve roll and use thereof |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5943951A (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1999-08-31 | Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen Gmbh | Press roll for treating a material shaped in the form of a web |
WO2002048456A1 (fr) * | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-20 | Yamauchi Corporation | Courroie elastique servant a fabriquer du papier |
WO2002090649A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-14 | Yamauchi Corporation | Courroie pour presse a sabot |
WO2005024128A1 (ja) * | 2003-09-04 | 2005-03-17 | Yamauchi Corporation | プレスベルトおよびシュープレスロール |
JP2005307421A (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-11-04 | Ichikawa Co Ltd | シュープレス用ベルト |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4229254A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1980-10-21 | Beloit Corporation | Extended nip press with bias ply reinforced belt |
US4238287A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1980-12-09 | Beliot Corporation | Extended nip press with transverse stiffening means in the belt |
DE19728399A1 (de) * | 1997-07-03 | 1999-01-07 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Maschine zur Herstellung einer kontinuierlichen Materialbahn |
US6780287B2 (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2004-08-24 | Ichikawa Co., Ltd. | Belt for calendering |
DE10138526A1 (de) * | 2001-08-06 | 2003-02-20 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Flexibler Pressmantel und Schuhpresswalze mit einem solchen flexiblen Pressmantel |
CN1673452B (zh) * | 2004-03-26 | 2013-11-06 | 市川毛织株式会社 | 靴形压榨带 |
-
2006
- 2006-06-05 JP JP2006155612A patent/JP4856475B2/ja active Active
-
2007
- 2007-06-04 BR BRPI0711501-6A patent/BRPI0711501A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-06-04 WO PCT/JP2007/061269 patent/WO2007142176A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-06-04 US US12/303,175 patent/US8083899B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-04 EP EP07767018.0A patent/EP2028317B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-04 CN CN2007800209138A patent/CN101460677B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5943951A (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1999-08-31 | Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen Gmbh | Press roll for treating a material shaped in the form of a web |
WO2002048456A1 (fr) * | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-20 | Yamauchi Corporation | Courroie elastique servant a fabriquer du papier |
WO2002090649A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-14 | Yamauchi Corporation | Courroie pour presse a sabot |
WO2005024128A1 (ja) * | 2003-09-04 | 2005-03-17 | Yamauchi Corporation | プレスベルトおよびシュープレスロール |
JP2005307421A (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-11-04 | Ichikawa Co Ltd | シュープレス用ベルト |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2028317A4 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
US20090250184A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
CN101460677A (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
BRPI0711501A2 (pt) | 2011-11-01 |
JP2007321314A (ja) | 2007-12-13 |
US8083899B2 (en) | 2011-12-27 |
EP2028317A1 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
JP4856475B2 (ja) | 2012-01-18 |
CN101460677B (zh) | 2011-11-23 |
EP2028317B1 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
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