Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
  • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
  • B22D11/1206—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for plastic shaping of strands
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
  • B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
  • B21B1/026—Rolling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23C—MILLING
  • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
  • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
  • B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing a metal strip by continuous casting, wherein first in a casting a slab, preferably a thin slab, is poured, which is deflected from a vertical orientation in a horizontal orientation, wherein in the conveying direction of the slab behind the casting machine, the slab of a Milling operation is performed in a milling machine, in which at least one surface of the slab, preferably two opposing surfaces, is milled. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for producing a metal strip by continuous casting.
• Continuous casting of slabs in a continuous casting plant may result in surface defects such as oscillation marks, casting powder defects or longitudinal and transverse surface cracks. These occur in conventional and thin slab casters. Depending on the intended use of the finished strip, therefore, the conventional slabs are partially flamed. Some slabs are generally flamed on customer request. The demands on the surface quality of thin slab plants are continuously increasing.
• flaming for surface treatment, flaming, grinding or milling are suitable.
• the flame has the disadvantage that the melted material can not be melted down again without treatment due to the high oxygen content.
• metal splinters mix with the grinding wheel dust, so that the abrasion must be disposed of. Both methods are difficult to adapt to the given transport speed. It is therefore primarily a surface treatment by milling on.
• the hot milling shavings are collected and can be packaged and smelted without processing without problems and thus added back into the production process. Furthermore, the milling cutter speed can easily be adjusted to the transport speed (casting speed, finishing line
• the inventive method and the associated device are therefore primarily on the milling.
• a further embodiment of a surface milling machine is shown in DE 197 17 200 A1.
• JP 1031 4908 A describes the flames of the continuously cast strip behind the casting machine.
• the surface treatment and associated facilities are not limited to thin slabs, but can also be used in-line behind a conventional slab caster and in slabs cast to a thickness of more than 120 mm up to 300 mm.
• the inline milling machine is generally not used for all products of a rolling program, but only for those where higher surface requirements are required. This is advantageous for application reasons and reduces the Fräsmaschinenabpart and is therefore useful.
• the present invention is therefore the object of a method and an apparatus of the type mentioned in such a way that can be achieved that with high efficiency, an improved manufacturing process or processing process can take place.
• an optimization with regard to the required introduction of heat into the casting strand or into the production process should take place, also and in particular, as far as the subsequent rolling process after casting.
• the solution of this problem by the invention according to the method is characterized in that the milling of the slab is carried out as the first mechanical processing step after the deflection of the slab in the horizontal orientation, wherein the casting of the slab is at a thickness of at least 50 mm and wherein the casting of the Slab with a mass flow as a product of casting speed and slab thickness of at least 350 m / min x mm done.
• the casting of the slab is carried out with a mass flow as the product of casting speed and slab thickness of at least 280 m / min x mm, the material of the slab high-strength material having a carbon content of C> 0.3%, silicon steel or is microalloyed steel.
• the mass flow is therefore 20% lower than mentioned above.
• the milling of the slab is preferably carried out immediately after the deflection of the slab in the horizontal orientation.
• the milling of the slab can also be done after the deflection of the slab in the horizontal orientation and their passage of a thermal compensating section and / or a furnace.
• a measurement of at least one surface parameter of the slab can take place and the setting of the machining parameters during milling can be carried out as a function of the at least one measured surface parameter.
• the milling feed preferably takes place.
• a bend of at least one milling cutter of the milling machine takes place about a horizontal axis perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.
• the slab can be cleaned before measuring the at least one surface parameter.
• the milling of the slab in the milling machine is carried out according to an embodiment of the invention so that the slab top and the slab bottom are milled in the conveying direction in the same place. Alternatively, however, it can also be provided that the milling of the slab in the milling machine takes place in such a way that the upper side of the slab and the underside of the slab are milled off in the conveying direction at two successive locations.
• the apparatus for producing a metal strip by continuous casting with a casting machine, in which a slab, preferably a thin slab, is poured, wherein in the conveying direction of the slab behind the casting machine at least one milling machine is arranged, in which at least one surface of the slab, preferably two themselves According to the invention, opposing surfaces can be milled, so that means are provided in the conveying direction upstream and / or downstream of the milling machine with which at least one surface parameter of the slab can be measured, with adjusting means being provided by which the at least one milling cutter the milling machine can be adjusted depending on the measured surface parameter.
• This adjusting means can be designed to adjust the milling delivery of the milling cutter. It is also possible that the adjusting means for acting on the milling cutter are formed with a bending moment about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the milling cutter longitudinal axis. This results in the advantages explained in more detail later.
• the means for measuring at least one surface parameter may include a camera for determining the depth of cracks on the slab surface. Furthermore, the means for measurement may allow the determination of the geometric shape of the slab across its width transversely to the conveying direction.
• the means for measuring at least one surface parameter can be arranged directly behind the milling machine. They can also be arranged behind a finishing line located behind the milling machine in the conveying direction. It has also proven to be useful if the means for measuring are arranged behind a cooling section located behind the milling machine in the conveying direction.
• a high quality of the slab results when the milling machine arranged behind the casting installation or, if appropriate, another ren surface processing machine by removing surface defects.
• FIG. 1 shows schematically the side view of an apparatus for producing a metal strip by continuous casting, in which a milling machine, a roughing mill, a heating, a finishing train and a cooling section adjoin a casting machine,
• FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention to FIG. 1, in which the milling machine is arranged behind an oven and in front of a finishing train and a cooling section, FIG.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 shows the front region of the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2 according to a further alternative embodiment of the invention
• FIGS. 1 and 2 shows a part of the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2 according to a further alternative embodiment, wherein measuring means and adjusting means are provided with which the milling process can be influenced,
• Fig. 6 shows an example of the course of the delivery of the milling cutter when milling the slab over the slab length or over time
• Fig. 7 shows a cutter in the front view, which is acted upon by a bending moment.
• Fig. 1 an apparatus for producing a metal strip 1 is shown by continuous casting.
• the corresponding slab 3 is continuously cast in a casting machine 2 in a known manner.
• the slab 3 is preferably a thin slab.
• In the strand segments 11 of the cast strand is deflected in a known manner from its orientation in the vertical direction V in the horizontal H or bent.
• a profile measurement and surface inspection can be carried out by means 8 for measurement.
• the surface texture of the slab and its geometric design can be detected.
• the means 8 a milling machine 4, in which the slab 3 can be milled off at its top and bottom.
• the milling of the slab 3 takes place as a first mechanical processing step after the deflection of the slab 3 into the horizontal orientation H at a high casting speed. Specifically, it is provided here that the milling of the slab 3 takes place immediately after the deflection thereof into the horizontal orientation H.
• a roughing train 12 at. This is followed by a furnace 13, which is designed here as inductive heating. After a descaling 14, the slab then enters a finishing train 9. Behind this, a cooling section 10 is arranged in the conveying direction F.
• the plant shown in Fig. 1 is particularly well suited for the continuous rolling of the slab 3.
• the coupling of casting and rolling results in high casting speed, an economical process and a favorable heat balance in the plant.
• the alternative plant shown in Fig. 2 is similarly constructed and particularly well suited for a combined endless or alternatively discontinuous rolling.
• a profile measurement and surface inspection with the means 8 are provided. This is followed by a holding furnace or a roller shutter encapsulation 15. This is followed by the furnace 13, which is designed as an inductive heating.
• a milling machine 4 is placed in front of the finishing train 9 for the purpose of temperature optimization, wherein inductive heaters 16 can be arranged between the individual rolling stands.
• the cooling section 10 follows again.
• the solution according to FIG. 3 differs from the one according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in that after the deflection of the cast slab 3 - apart from the measuring means 8, which are also provided here again - the milling machine 4 does not immediately follow, but that the slab 3 is first passed through a thermal equalization section 5 or temperature maintenance route in the form of a roller-skated encapsulation.
• the two cutters 6 of the milling machine 4 are arranged one above the other and work on the slab 3 at the same time on the top and bottom, with the aid of driver rollers 21 and guide plates 22 in front of and behind the cutter by appropriate vertical adjustment of the two elements a division of the milling removal the top and bottom of the slab takes place.
• the plant outlined in FIG. 3 is particularly suitable for producing thicker slabs by means of high-speed casting, although the use for thin slabs is by no means ruled out. It is arranged as close as possible behind the casting machine 2 and before the milling machine 4, the insulation of the roller table.
• the slab 3 from a furnace 13 in the milling machine 4, wherein before the milling machine means 8 are arranged for measuring, with which a profile measurement or a surface inspection can be made.
• the slab 3 is also processed again at its top and bottom, ie milled, although the processing at the top and at the bottom at two slightly spaced locations - in the conveying direction F - takes place.
• the cutters 6 cooperate with support rollers 17. Behind the milling machine 4, in turn, means 8 for measuring are arranged.
• the slab 3 passes after the surface treatment with high Temperature in a finishing train 9, wherein behind this again means 8 are arranged for measuring.
• the means 8 can have measuring elements for the optical determination of the band shape (ski), which is indicated for the foremost means 8 with the reference numeral 8 'in the conveying direction. They can also have flame profile and temperature measuring elements.
• control / regulating means 18 which receive the measured values of the measuring means 8 as input variables in addition to the set values for the milling amounts for the top and bottom of the slab. They control or regulate the milling process, which is carried out in the milling machine 4, in accordance with stored algorithms.
• the derivation of the Fräsbetrag takes place from the surface inspection of the slab, with cracks and the geometric shape are considerable. This may result in a different decrease (delivery) over the slab length.
• the calculated cutter wear is also taken into account in a cutter wear model that determines the wear depending on the wear path, milling volume, milling speed, material strength, etc.
• the surface result can be checked and, if necessary, readjustment can take place if the measured values are still unsatisfactory.
• Fig. 5 For the background of the proposed procedure, reference is first made to Fig. 5 reference.
• the range of the casting speed reaching up to the dashed line is the typical field of application of thin slabs, the slab thickness being, for example, 60 mm.
• the casting errors increase sharply as the casting speed or the product of casting thickness and speed further increase.
• FIG. 6 shows schematically the milling removal or milling cutter delivery s over the time t or slab length.
• the solid line applies to the top of the slab, the dashed line applies to the bottom of the slab.
• the milling removal, d. H. the delivery s depends on the detected errors. It can be seen that different values can be specified for the upper side and the lower side of the slab.
• FIG. 7 illustrates how, in a particularly advantageous manner in milling operation, the milling result can be influenced as a function of measured values.
• the milling contour which is correspondingly reproduced by the milling process on the slab 3, can be influenced by a Bending moment M is introduced into the cutter 6.
• the bending moment M rotates about a horizontal axis which is perpendicular to the cutter longitudinal axis 7.
• the torque M can be generated by double forces F F , which can be introduced into the end-side shaft journal of the milling cutter 6. While the line 7 marks the cutter longitudinal axis in the undeformed state, the bending curve 20 results when the forces FF are introduced. Then the cutter 6 bends as shown. Since the bending behavior of the milling cutter 6 is known as a function of the forces F F, it is thus possible to influence the milling result in a targeted manner if certain crowns are measured over the width of the slab, which influence the bending moment M specifically by acting on the milling cutter 6, ie can be eliminated.
• the reference numerals 7 and 20 the neutral fibers of the milling cutter 6 are illustrated for the two load conditions.
• the milling removal, d. H. the infeed can be set differently over the slab width or adapted to the incoming slab shape. Actuators for the adjustment over the width are the cutter bends.
• the invention offers to design a casting machine with high casting speed.
• a 1-strand CSP plant with a high-speed casting machine is an alternative.
• a high casting speed is also particularly necessary in coupled casting and rolling (casting-rolling plant), so that the belt outlet temperatures from the finishing train are acceptable.
• the milling machine should be arranged as close as possible behind the continuous casting plant or the area between leaving the casting plants (last segmented roll) and the milling machine should be provided with a roller encapsulation, so that the milling process with high casting speed can take place as high as possible with a high slab temperature.
• the milling process can be dispensed with - for the purpose of protection against damage to the milling cutter.
• a unfavorable surface shape crossbow, ski or other bumps
• the milling amount, the beginning of the milling and the milling end as well as the cutter profile setting are optionally made dependent on it.
• the milling cutter arrangement forms a "milling radius" across the width (analogous to the "roll crown”).
• the illustrated milling-roll-pin bend as shown in FIG. 7 is provided.
• the slab speed v Bra mm e is given by either the caster or the rolling mill depending on the milling machine arrangement. Ie. the feed can not be influenced by the milling machine.
• the cutter speed n cutter r is according to the equation
• the milling speed is controlled by the milling model shown in FIG. 4, which monitors the milling result by means of the surface sensors.
• a respective milling drum can be seen on the top and bottom.
• two milling units one behind the other on the top and bottom sides.
• milling cutters As an alternative to the use of milling cutters, it is also possible to use other milling cutters, such as face milling cutters, or grinding tools or other surface removal tools (such as scarfing machines) at the intended locations.
• a cutting material for the cutting plates of the milling cutter can be provided in particular: HSS; uncoated or preferably coated hard metals; ceramics; polycrystalline cutting materials.
• commercially available indexable inserts can be used.
• a surface inspection (camera, crack test, roughness test) in front of and / or behind the furnace or in front of the milling machine is recommended.
• the measured signals are used for optimum use of the milling removal. From this it can be deduced whether one-sided or multi-sided or only partial length ranges are to be milled and which removal is to be set.
• descaling or cleaning of the slab prior to the inspection is preferably preceded.
• the benefit of an in-line slab inspection is also in the monitoring of the effect of the casting plant: monitoring the effect of the electromagnetic brake; Optimization of the mold oscillation curves; Surface monitoring at high speed; Detecting cracks, casting powder defects and other early-stage casting defects.
• the use of the milling cutter or the milling machine can be provided at various locations. It is possible behind the caster, inside the furnace or in front of the rolling mill. It is preferably used immediately before forming, instead of a scale washer, in order, in particular in the case of endless Casting to achieve a high strip temperature in the rolling mill, which is particularly advantageous.
• the control of the milling removal, the beginning of the milling and the milling end and the setting of the cutter speed is preferably carried out by means of a Fräsmodells.
• the milling model considers: setpoint values, measured values of the measuring equipment, calculated cutting edge wear, empirical values of previous milling amounts (adaptation).
• face milling cutters can also be used.
• other erosive methods can be used, for.
• grinding tools or other mechanical or melting removal tools such as, for example, scarfing machines.
• the flames are interesting for high-speed continuous casting.
• the inventively addressed first mechanical processing step which is intended to represent the milling, is to be understood so that it does not come to any mechanical processing before milling, which is typically used in continuous casting. If, for example, prior to milling a slight mechanical processing should take place which is of the order of magnitude not in the typical range of the process (eg slight rolling with a thickness decrease of a few millimeters in a small framework or in a driver, which is typically present anyway ), this is not to be understood as the first mechanical processing in the sense of the invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metal Rolling (AREA)
• Continuous Casting (AREA)
• Milling Processes (AREA)

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Citations (9)

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• 2007
  • 2007-05-14 DE DE102007022932A patent/DE102007022932A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-05-18 TW TW096117744A patent/TW200815128A/zh unknown
  • 2007-05-23 JP JP2009511399A patent/JP2009538227A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-05-23 US US12/302,326 patent/US20090165986A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-05-23 BR BRPI0712479-1A patent/BRPI0712479A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-05-23 CA CA2653360A patent/CA2653360C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-05-23 MX MX2008015067A patent/MX2008015067A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-05-23 AU AU2007267471A patent/AU2007267471B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-05-23 EP EP07725460A patent/EP2032283A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-05-23 RU RU2008151782/02A patent/RU2388573C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-05-23 KR KR1020087028895A patent/KR101068458B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-05-23 WO PCT/EP2007/004560 patent/WO2007137739A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2007-05-24 AR ARP070102271A patent/AR061187A1/es unknown
• 2008
  • 2008-11-25 EG EG2008111910A patent/EG24972A/xx active

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