WO2007058352A1 - 成形品の製造方法、成形型およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
成形品の製造方法、成形型およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007058352A1 WO2007058352A1 PCT/JP2006/323134 JP2006323134W WO2007058352A1 WO 2007058352 A1 WO2007058352 A1 WO 2007058352A1 JP 2006323134 W JP2006323134 W JP 2006323134W WO 2007058352 A1 WO2007058352 A1 WO 2007058352A1
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- Prior art keywords
- molding
- mold
- molding surface
- molding material
- manufacturing
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/025—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity
- C03B23/0258—Gravity bending involving applying local or additional heating, cooling or insulating means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B40/00—Preventing adhesion between glass and glass or between glass and the means used to shape it, hold it or support it
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/0026—Re-forming shaped glass by gravity, e.g. sagging
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/025—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/025—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity
- C03B23/0252—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity by gravity only, e.g. sagging
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/035—Re-forming glass sheets by bending using a gas cushion or by changing gas pressure, e.g. by applying vacuum or blowing for supporting the glass while bending
- C03B23/0352—Re-forming glass sheets by bending using a gas cushion or by changing gas pressure, e.g. by applying vacuum or blowing for supporting the glass while bending by suction or blowing out for providing the deformation force to bend the glass sheet
- C03B23/0357—Re-forming glass sheets by bending using a gas cushion or by changing gas pressure, e.g. by applying vacuum or blowing for supporting the glass while bending by suction or blowing out for providing the deformation force to bend the glass sheet by suction without blowing, e.g. with vacuum or by venturi effect
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/03—Press-mould materials defined by material properties or parameters, e.g. relative CTE of mould parts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a molded article by a hot droop molding method, a mold that can be used in the hot droop molding method, and a method for producing the same.
- a glass blank is used as a heat-resistant matrix created by a mechanical grinding / polishing method or an electrical machining method such as a mechanical grinding method or electric discharge machining.
- the hot drooping molding method a molding material made of a thermosoftening material such as glass is placed on a mold, and the molding material is softened by heating to a temperature equal to or higher than the softening point to be in close contact with the mold.
- the mold shape is transferred to the upper surface of the molding material to obtain a molded product having a desired surface shape.
- the surface shape of the mold forming surface is transferred to the upper surface of the molding material.
- the mold forming surface is mirror-finished to improve smoothness.
- an object of the present invention is to provide means capable of obtaining a molded product having a desired shape without causing fusion between a molding material and a mold by a hot droop molding method. is there.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide means for obtaining a molded product having a desired surface shape with high accuracy by a hot sag forming method.
- the present invention provides:
- a molding material made of a thermosoftening substance is placed on the molding surface
- a method for producing a molded product wherein the molding material is heated to a deformable temperature, and the lower surface of the molding material is adhered to the molding surface to mold the upper surface of the molding material into a desired shape.
- the molding surface has a plurality of irregularities having a maximum height Rmax in the range of 0.1 to: LOO / zm and an average interval S between local peaks of 0.01 to 1.00 mm.
- the present invention provides:
- a molding material made of a thermosoftening substance is placed on the molding surface
- a method for producing a molded product wherein the molding material is heated to a deformable temperature, and the upper surface of the molding material is molded into a desired shape by bringing the lower surface of the molding material into close contact with the molding surface,
- the molding die a molding die having a plurality of through holes penetrating to the surface opposite to the molding surface force is used.
- the molded article is a spectacle lens saddle or a part of a saddle.
- the present invention provides:
- a molding material made of a thermosoftening material placed on the molding surface is heated to a deformable temperature, and the lower surface of the molding material is brought into close contact with the molding surface, so that the upper surface of the molding material has a desired shape.
- Mold having a plurality of projections and depressions having a maximum height Rmax in the range of 0.1 to: LOO / z m and an average interval S between local peaks at the range of 0.01-1.00 mm on the molding surface.
- the present invention provides:
- a molding material made of a thermosoftening material placed on the molding surface is heated to a deformable temperature, and the lower surface of the molding material is brought into close contact with the molding surface, so that the upper surface of the molding material has a desired shape.
- the molded article is a spectacle lens saddle or a part of a saddle
- the molding surface side opening of the through-hole is arranged so as not to overlap with a position corresponding to a refractive index measurement portion in the spectacle lens on the lower surface of the molding material at the time of the close contact.
- the present invention provides:
- Forming method including forming
- the present invention provides:
- a molded product having a desired shape can be manufactured with high accuracy and high productivity without causing fusion between the mold and the molding material by the hot droop molding method.
- molded product production method I a molding material made of a heat-softening substance is disposed on a molding die, and the molding material is deformed.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a molded product in which the upper surface of the molding material is molded into a desired shape by heating to a possible temperature and bringing the lower surface of the molding material into close contact with the molding surface.
- the maximum height Rmax on the molding surface is in the range of 0.1 to: LOO / zm, and the average interval S between the local peaks is 0.01-1.00 mm.
- molded article production method II a method for producing a molded article
- a molding material composed of a thermosoftening substance is disposed on a molding die molding surface.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a molded product in which the upper surface of the molding material is molded into a desired shape by heating to a deformable temperature and bringing the lower surface of the molding material into close contact with the molding surface.
- a molding die having a plurality of through holes penetrating from the molding surface to the surface opposite to the molding surface is used as the molding die, and suction is performed through the through holes during the molding.
- the molded article is a spectacle lens saddle mold or a part of a saddle mold, and the molding surface side opening of the through-hole measures the bending force of the spectacle lens on the lower surface of the molding material when in contact. It is arranged so that it does not overlap with the position corresponding to the reference point.
- the maximum height Rmax on the molding surface is in the range of 0.1 to: LOO / zm, and the average distance S between the local peaks is in the range of 0.01-1.00 mm.
- the surface property of the molding surface does not affect the shape of the upper surface of the molding material while preventing fusion with the molding material.
- the upper surface of the molding material can be molded into a desired shape.
- the maximum height Rmax of the irregularities is in the range of 0.1 to: LOO ⁇ m, and the average distance S between the local peaks is in the range of 0.01 to 1.OOmm. It is a value measured according to the definition of surface roughness specified in Rmaxi and IS BO601-1982. Further, the average interval S between the local peaks is a value measured according to the definition defined in JIS K7125, for example. If Rmax and S of the unevenness are smaller than the above ranges, fusion with the molding material occurs, and productivity is lowered. On the other hand, when the Rmax and S of the irregularities exceed the above ranges, the roughness of the molding surface affects the upper surface of the molding material, and a molded product having a desired shape cannot be obtained.
- the roughness maximum height Rmax is preferably 1 to: ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ , more preferably 3 to 9 / ⁇ ⁇ .
- the average distance S between the local peaks is preferably 0.01 to 0.1 mm, and more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mm.
- the roughness of the molding surface is preferably 0.01 to L0 ⁇ m as the arithmetic average roughness Ra measured according to the definition of surface roughness defined in JIS B O601-1982. Preferably it is 0.1-1 micrometer, More preferably, it is 0.3-0.
- the molding surface of a molding die used in the hot sag molding method is mirror-finished by polishing or the like.
- the molding surface of the mold that comes into contact with the molding material is a smooth surface such as a polished surface
- fusion with the molding material frequently occurs, and the surface of the molding die is damaged when the molding material is removed.
- Durability is reduced. This is because, for example, when a glass molding material is used, glass that exceeds the glass transition temperature (Tg) cannot withstand its own weight, softens and changes shape due to gravity, and contacts the mold surface. It is considered that as the softening progresses further, the soft glass penetrates into the roughness of the molding surface of the mold and the fusion occurs.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- FIG. 1 shows an enlarged schematic diagram of the contact state between the mold and the molding material before and after heat softening.
- the mold of the present invention even if fusion occurs in a part of the molding material as the softening progresses, the fusion does not occur on the entire molding surface, but on the convex part.
- the adhesive strength between the molding material and the molding surface of the mold is not strong. For this reason, it becomes easy to remove the molding material from the molding die, and it is possible to prevent the molding die and the molding material (molded product) after being softened from being damaged.
- the surface roughness of the molding surface of the molding die of the present invention is defined in a range that does not affect the shape of the molding material upper surface.
- the height and spacing of the irregularities can be measured mainly using, for example, Foam Talysurf manufactured by Taylor Hobson.
- Form Talysurf has a ruby or diamond placed at the tip of the probe, the tip of the probe moves while contacting the surface of the lens, and the surface shape is measured by scanning the lens surface.
- the measurement scanning trajectory is usually only a straight line. The measurement is performed on a part of the surface so that the scanning direction of the measurement is perpendicular to the unevenness of the mold surface. After the measurement, the height of the unevenness and the spacing force of the measured value are obtained by analyzing the unevenness height and the unevenness space on the mold surface.
- the molding surface having the surface roughness can be obtained only by ordinary cutting or grinding without polishing. Details of the method for manufacturing the mold will be described later.
- the concavo-convex pattern to be formed varies depending on the type of grinding machine and cutting machine to be used, but the concavo-convex pattern can take any pattern.
- a specific example of the concavo-convex pattern is shown in FIG. Fig. 5 (a) is a circular pattern, Fig. 5 (b) is an oval pattern, and Fig. 5 (c) is a streak pattern.
- the molding surface is preferably a free-form surface.
- a free-form optical surface can be easily formed on the upper surface of the molding material by combining the high-precision spherical-shaped molding material having a spherical polished surface and the free-form surface mold.
- a mirror-like free-form glass optical surface can be obtained without requiring a step of polishing the molding surface into a free-form surface. This is a great advantage in terms of cost and productivity.
- the mold used in the method for manufacturing a molded product described later also has the same unevenness as the mold used in the method for manufacturing a molded product I.
- the molded product manufactured by the eyelid is a spectacle lens saddle or part of the saddle shape.
- the saddle mold can be used to produce eyeglass lenses by cast polymerization.
- a molding die having a plurality of through holes penetrating from the molding surface to the surface opposite to the molding surface is used as the molding die, and suction is performed through these through holes during molding.
- the opening on the molding surface side of the through hole is formed in front of the lower surface of the molding material during the close contact. It is arranged so that it does not overlap with the position corresponding to the refractive index measurement part in the spectacle lens.
- a molding die having a plurality of through holes is used in order to improve the adhesion between the molding surface and the lower surface of the molding material, and suction is performed through these through holes at the time of molding.
- the opening on the molding surface side of the through hole is arranged so as not to overlap with the position corresponding to the refractive index measurement portion of the spectacle lens on the lower surface of the molding material when closely attached. The reason will be described below.
- the saddle mold is obtained by mounting two saddle molds on an annular gasket and injecting a lens raw material solution into a cavity formed by the saddle mold and a gasket to perform polymerization. It can be used when manufacturing eyeglass lenses.
- the design of the mold used in this method is to determine the surface shape of the spectacle lens (determining the design value) ⁇ convert the design value of the spectacle lens to the surface shape of the saddle (determining the design value of the saddle) ⁇ Proceed with the procedure of converting the design value of the vertical mold into the surface shape of the mold. Each conversion can be performed by a known method.
- An optical functional surface can be formed by transferring the shape of the surface located inside the saddle-shaped cavity manufactured using the mold having the surface shape thus determined to the spectacle lens.
- the refractive power measurement reference point is the position that most significantly affects the optical characteristics of eyeglass lenses. If the surface shape of this part deviates greatly from the design value, it is difficult to obtain a spectacle lens having a desired refractive index.
- the through-hole opening is arranged so as not to overlap with the position corresponding to the refractive power measurement reference point of the spectacle lens on the lower surface of the molding material.
- the surface of the mold that is the upper surface of the molding material is transferred to the spectacle lens. Is done.
- the “position corresponding to the refractive power measurement reference point” on the lower surface of the molding material is opposed to a portion of the upper surface of the molding material, which is a portion transferred to the refractive power measurement reference point of the spectacle lens on the obtained saddle surface. This is the part of the lower surface of the molding material.
- spectacle lenses are classified into single focus spectacle lenses, multifocal spectacle lenses, and progressive power spectacle lenses.
- the mold can be used for manufacturing any spectacle lens, but is suitable for manufacturing single-focus spectacle lenses and progressive-power spectacle lenses, and manufacturing progressive-power spectacle lenses. Especially suitable for.
- the reference point for refractive power measurement is defined in JIS T7315, JIS T7313 or ⁇ and IS T7330.
- the refractive power measurement reference point is a portion surrounded by a circle having a diameter of about 8.0 to 8.5 mm on the object side or eyeball side surface of the spectacle lens. In the single-focus spectacle lens, the refractive power measurement reference point is located at the center of the lens surface.
- the progressive power lens and the multifocal ophthalmic lens have a plurality of refractive power measurement reference points. As will be described later, progressive power lenses can be broadly classified into three types: general-purpose progressive power lenses, medium and near progressive power lenses, and near progressive power lenses.
- the general-purpose progressive-power lens and the medium-to-neighbor progressive-power lens have two refractive power measurement reference points: the distance measurement reference point and the near-use measurement reference point. There are two near-site measurement reference points.
- a molding surface side opening is provided at a position corresponding to the two refractive power measurement reference points.
- the progressive power lens is outlined in JIS T 7315 and JIS T 7330. Hereinafter, the progressive power lens will be described.
- the progressive power lens is a lens in which each of the far, middle, and near visual field regions is arranged according to the frequency of use. Designed according to the emphasis on the distance and the nearness, which are often used in wide distance areas that are frequently used. Use is possible due to the difference in the size of the field of view corresponding to the objective distance. Differently, it can be broadly classified into three types: general-purpose progressive-power lenses, medium- and near-progressive power lenses, and near-progressive power lenses. There is also a so-called far-reaching type and a far-centered type. General-purpose progressive-power lenses are used for both near and far, and have the ability to see far and near, but there is a limit to the field of view in the middle and near areas.
- the medium and near progressive power lenses have a wide intermediate area and a near area by limiting the distance area.
- the far-field area is located above the general-purpose area and has a long progressive zone, so there is little fluctuation and distortion peculiar to progressive, but it is not suitable for far vision.
- Near-progressive power lenses are sometimes classified as single-focus lenses because they are mainly near-field and have no far-field. Any of the above-mentioned progressive-power lenses is suitable as a target lens manufactured using a manufacturing method of the present invention or a molded product manufactured using the molding die of the present invention described later as a saddle mold.
- Progressive power lenses are classified into three types according to the arrangement of progressive elements on the concave and convex surface of the lens.
- convex (outer) progressive-power lens with a progressive surface on the convex surface second concave (inner) progressive-power lens with a progressive surface on the concave, and third, double-sided progressive elements on both sides
- the convex progressive-refraction path lens has a progressive surface on the convex surface, and forms a progressive refractive power by the surface shape of the convex optical surface.
- the concave progressive refraction path lens is the same except for the unevenness.
- the double-sided aspherical progressive-power lens has the advantages of both an outer-surface progressive-power lens and an inner-surface progressive-power lens, so that the longitudinal refractive power change related to the length of the progressive zone is convex.
- this is a progressive power lens having a structure in which the lateral refractive power change related to shaking and distortion is divided and arranged on the concave side.
- the surface of this "double-sided compound progressive" is composed of a special aspherical surface that is not a progressive surface, and the conventional "double-sided progressive power lens" that uses a progressive surface on both the front and back to share a predetermined addition power on the front and back. Is a progressive-power lens that is structurally different.
- any kind of progressive-power lens is suitable as a target lens manufactured using a manufacturing method of the present invention or a molded product manufactured using the molding die of the present invention described later as a saddle mold.
- FIG. 3 shows a specific example of the arrangement of the through holes on the molding surface.
- the through holes can be provided uniformly at the same interval on the entire molding surface.
- the position corresponding to the refractive power measurement reference point of the spectacle lens on the lower surface of the molding material does not overlap the molding surface side opening! Is provided with a through hole.
- the through-holes of the mold are arranged at least at the peripheral edge of the molding surface, and more preferably, a plurality of through-holes are arranged on at least a double concentric circumference within a range smaller than the outer diameter of the molding material. To do.
- the molding surface peripheral portion refers to a portion surrounding the molding surface center portion
- the molding surface center portion refers to, for example, a position from the molding surface center to a radius of 1Z2.
- Figs. 2 (b) and 2 (c) are examples in which no through hole is arranged near the geometric center of the molding surface and a through hole is arranged at the periphery of the molding surface.
- a through hole is provided so that the position corresponding to the refractive power measurement reference point of the spectacle lens on the molding material lower surface does not overlap the molding surface side opening.
- the arranged peripheral through holes are arranged at equal intervals on a plurality of concentric circles, and the number of through holes per unit area of the through holes is reduced at a position close to the center. Increase the number of through holes per unit area as you move away from the center force!
- the through-holes are arranged to increase toward the peripheral edge of the central portion (there are few in the vicinity of the center and many in the peripheral portion).
- the deformation speed and deformation speed of glass materials are the largest at the center while the periphery Has a relatively low deformation speed and is more difficult to deform.
- the glass material supporting portion is the outer peripheral edge of the glass material.
- the peripheral edge supported by the molding surface of the glass material acts as a factor that hinders deformation due to softening around the peripheral edge that is difficult to move even during heat softening, and the outer peripheral part has a low deformation speed, It is thought that shape deformation is difficult.
- the central part has no factor that hinders deformation due to the soft wrinkles that the support part has. In fact, it has been clarified by the present inventors that the deformation of the glass material starts from the central part and sequentially propagates to the peripheral part.
- the difference in deformation speed between the peripheral edge and the center of the glass material may cause distortion in the glass material. This is because if the glass material central portion is deformed in advance by heat soft deformation and does not deform at the peripheral portion, distortion occurs between the central portion and the peripheral portion of the glass material. Further, the low deformation speed and the difficulty of deformation at the peripheral part also cause a decrease in transfer accuracy. Therefore, by arranging many through holes at the periphery of the molding surface, the distribution of the peripheral suction that is difficult to deform is strengthened, and the central part that is easily deformed is reduced, and the suction per unit area is appropriately distributed.
- thermo-soft deformation can be uniformly performed on the entire surface to avoid occurrence of distortion in the glass material.
- the transfer reproducibility of the glass shape can be improved by controlling the difference in the deformation speed and deformation due to the location of the glass material by the arrangement of the through holes.
- the arrangement of the through holes can be appropriately selected for each material to be molded.
- Fig. 3 (b) is suitable when the shape of the object to be processed is relatively large, such as an average curvature of 8 curves or more
- Fig. 3 (c) is suitable when the curve is relatively small, such as an average curvature of 5 curves or less.
- the number of through holes formed in the molding die is not particularly limited and can be determined as appropriate. For example, in the case of a molding surface having a diameter of about 80 to LOOmm, about 6 to 60 on the molding surface. Through-hole openings can be arranged. [0031] Also in the manufacturing method I of a molded product, it is preferable to use a mold having a plurality of through-holes penetrating from the molding surface to the surface opposite to the molding surface, and perform suction through the through-holes during heat molding. Yes.
- the mold used in the manufacturing method I of the molded product has irregularities on the surface as shown in the enlarged schematic diagram in FIG.
- this air pocket can be removed by providing a through hole on the molding surface and performing suction.
- a mold having a through-hole as the mold used in the method for manufacturing a molded product I, it is preferable to arrange the through-hole in the mold in the same manner as the method for manufacturing a molded product for the reason described above. .
- thermosoftening substance glass can be used. Among them, glass of crown type, flint type, norium type, phosphate type, fluorine-containing type, fluoric acid type, etc. are suitable. Glass material As a constituent component of the material, first, for example, SiO, B 2 O, Al 2 O
- Li O is less than 70% of Na O + Li O), ZnO and
- the glass material composition has a molar percentage of SiO power 0 to 76%, AlO
- the glass 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 is preferred. [0034] In the third, for example,
- the thermal properties include a strain point of 460 to 483 ° C, a cooling point of 490 to 621 ° C, a softening point of 610 to 770 ° C, and a glass transition temperature (Tg) force. 10 ⁇ 665 ° C, yield point (Ts) force 35 ⁇ 575. C, specific gravity is 2.47 to 3.65 (gZcm 3 ), refractive index is Ndl. 52300 to 1.8061, thermal diffusion ratio is 0.3 to 0.4 cm 2 water min, Poisson's ratio 0.17 to 0 26, photoelastic constant 2.
- the present invention can be applied to other than the above glass, and is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the molding material can be obtained by processing a thermosoftening material into a desired shape. Processing of the molding material can be performed by a known method.
- the shape of the molding material is flat, spherical, elliptical, rotationally symmetric (toric lens, aspherical rotationally symmetric power lens), free-form surface (progressive power lens, aspherical double-sided power lens), etc. It is preferably a meniscus shape having a spherical polished surface on both sides.
- the surface of the molding material is preferably a mirror surface, and the surface roughness is less than the maximum roughness RmaxO.m.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra which is preferably lower, is preferably 0.005 m or less.
- the lower limit value of the roughness of the molding material is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m at the maximum roughness Rmax and 0.1 ⁇ at the arithmetic average roughness Ra.
- the molding material is heated to a temperature at which it can be deformed on the mold.
- the deformable temperature is preferably a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition point (Tg) when the molding material is made of glass. Heating can be performed by a known method, for example, by placing a mold in an electric furnace. By controlling the atmospheric temperature in the electric furnace so that the molding material has a set temperature, the molding material can be heated to a desired temperature. Details of temperature control will be described later.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the contact state between the molding material and the molding die before and after softening.
- Fig. 3 (a) before heating, there is a gap between the bottom surface of the molding material and the molding surface, and there is no complete contact.
- the fluidity of the molding material increases due to softening, and the molding material comes into close contact with the molding surface as shown in Fig. 3 (b).
- “adhesion” does not mean a state in which the molding material has entered into the irregularities on the surface of the molding surface.
- a dust-proof lid can be placed on a molding die on which a molding material is arranged, and foreign matter (dust, dust, etc.) can be prevented from being mixed during molding.
- a holding member can be disposed on the periphery of the mold. This holding member is effective for positioning the molding material.
- the molding material is molded by heating the molding material to a deformable temperature, suction is performed through the through-hole in the manufacturing method II of the molded product.
- suction through the through hole can be performed.
- the diameter of the through-hole, the viscosity of the molding material at the time of suction, the thickness of the molding material, and the suction pressure satisfy the following formula 1.
- the mold used in the manufacturing method I of the molded product has a higher surface roughness than the conventional mold for hot sag molding. In such a mold, if excessive suction is performed through the through hole, the surface roughness of the molding surface and the shape of the through hole may affect the top shape of the molding material. It is preferable to carry out so as to satisfy. [Number 1]
- Formula 1 may be Formula 11 below.
- ⁇ is the diameter of the through hole (mm)
- V is the viscosity of the glass material during suction (poise)
- T is the thickness of the glass material (mm)
- P is the suction pressure (mmHgZcm 2 ) .
- lpoise 0.lPa's.
- K is a coefficient 1. 8 ⁇ 3. 0 X 10- 9 are preferred.
- the diameter of the through hole is 0.3 to 0.5 mm, and the viscosity of the molding material at the time of suction is 6.
- the thickness of the molding material is considered to be the same during molding, and in Equation 1 above, the thickness of the molding material is the thickness at the start of molding.
- the temperature of the molding material during heat softening can be monitored with a thermocouple to determine the viscosity of the molding material and the suction pressure can be set.
- the suction pressure can also be set from the correlation between the viscosity and temperature obtained from the viscosity characteristics.
- the glass material when sucked is in a softened state by heating.
- the present inventors have found that deformation of glass in a soft state behaves like a viscoelastic body. Therefore, in the present invention, preferably, the suction is performed in consideration of characteristics due to viscoelastic deformation. This point will be described below.
- both sides of the concavo-convex are compressed in the direction in which one side is in contact with the surface, while the opposite surface is stretched and deformed. There is no surface (neutral surface).
- the deformation of the viscoelastic body generally has a small deformation amount and a small deformation speed at the supporting and fixing portion.
- away from the support part Minutes tend to have a large deformation amount and a large deformation speed. For example, consider the shape change of a plate-like viscoelastic body. Since the amount of deformation of the viscoelastic body is clear when viewed from the neutral plane, the neutral plane of the viscoelastic body is targeted unless otherwise specified.
- the neutral surface of the viscoelastic body is fixedly supported at both ends, and when a constant force (V) is applied like gravity, the distance X from the origin with the support fixed position as the origin and the deformation amount w are expressed by the following equations: Known to be done.
- D is the flexural rigidity (constant depending on the material)
- L is the cross-sectional length (fixed value) of the viscoelastic body, that is, from the above equation 2, the deformation amount of the viscoelastic body is 0 from the support portion. It can be seen that it changes in a quadratic curve as the distance increases.
- the glass material is supported and fixed at the peripheral edge of the glass material, and the vicinity of the central portion is placed apart. Therefore, if the glass material undergoes viscoelastic deformation, it is expected that the deformation will be larger at the center and smaller at the peripheral supporting and fixing portion.
- the glass material has a portion that is difficult to be deformed only by gravity acting uniformly on the entire glass material, and is particularly difficult to be deformed at the supporting and fixing portion. Therefore, the inventors reduced the number of through-holes on the molding surface in the central part where deformation is easy, and increased the suction force to the peripheral part by increasing it in the glass material end which is difficult to deform. That is, the arrangement of the through-holes in the central portion and the peripheral portion was arranged so that the central portion was minimized and increased as the peripheral portion was approached, so as to complement Equation 2. Further, it is more preferable that the distribution of the through holes is increased in a quadratic function in proportion to the distance from the center according to the above formula.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a suction method.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG.
- a forming die 402 on which a forming material is placed is placed on a suction table 403.
- Suction is performed by the suction table 403 and the suction pump unit 404.
- the suction table 403 is a hollow plate-shaped table in which the mounting position of the mold is recessed in a concave shape.
- the material is, for example, a heat-resistant stainless steel (SUS310S), and an air inlet 407 is disposed at the molding die placement place on the upper surface of the suction table.
- exhaust for sending the sucked gas to the suction pump There is a mouth and it is connected to a suction terminal 405 connected to a suction pump. It is preferable to set the suction pressure so as to satisfy Equation 1 shown above, for example, 80 to 120 mmHg (1. ⁇ 10 4 to 1.6 ⁇ 10 4 Pa).
- the mold is placed with the molding surface facing up.
- the holding member is used as described above, the holding member is fitted to the peripheral portion of the molding surface and the stepped portion on the side surface.
- the glass material is placed at a predetermined position on the molding surface along the holding member. In the horizontal direction, the glass material side end surface is supported and fixed by the holding member, while in the vertical direction, the peripheral edge surface of the lower surface of the glass material is held and fixed in contact with the molding surface of the mold.
- the central portion on the side of the contact surface with the glass material mold is spaced from the mold surface.
- the separation distance differs depending on the shape of the molding surface lower surface and the molding surface, but is usually about 0.1 to 2 Omm.
- the lid member is placed by fitting with the holding member.
- the suction table is a combination of the mold, holding member, glass material, and lid member.
- the heat treatment is performed by the electric furnace and the suction process is performed by the suction device.
- the heat softening process can be performed while controlling the temperature based on a preset temperature program.
- a deviation of a batch type electric furnace or a continuous input type electric furnace may be used.
- the batch type electric furnace will be explained.
- a batch type electric furnace is a device for setting a workpiece in a relatively small closed space and changing the temperature in the furnace according to a predetermined temperature program. With multiple sensors, temperature can be measured with multiple sensors, and each heater can be controlled for temperature management.
- a notch-type thermosoft furnace has a support for holding the workpiece inside. In addition, the support is movable in the furnace. By operating the support, the temperature distribution imbalance due to the location in the furnace can be averaged. [0051] Next, the continuous charging type electric furnace will be described.
- a continuous charging type electric furnace has an inlet and an outlet, and heat treatment is performed by passing the target object through the electric furnace with a set temperature distribution for a certain period of time by means of a conveyor or the like. It is.
- the temperature distribution inside the furnace can be made uniform by using a plurality of heaters and a control structure of the air circulation in the furnace in consideration of heat generation and heat dissipation.
- PID control can be used for temperature control of each sensor and heater of the electric furnace.
- PID control is a control method for detecting a deviation between a programmed desired temperature and an actual temperature and returning (feedback) a deviation force from the desired temperature.
- PID control is a method to obtain “Proportional”, “Integral” and “Differential” when calculating the output from the deviation. The general formula for PID control is shown below.
- V Kp + J3 ⁇ 4 3 ⁇ 4 + —- (event ⁇ if
- e is a deviation
- K is a gain (a gain of subscript P is a proportional gain, a gain of subscript I is an integral gain, a gain of subscript D is a differential gain), and At is a sampling time (sampling time, Control cycle), the subscript n indicates the current time.
- the specific embodiment of the continuous input type electric furnace that can be used in the present invention is a non-sliding transfer method, a PID control for temperature control, and a temperature measuring device of "K-coupled thermocouple 30 points" made of platinum.
- the temperature is 800 ° C
- the normal use temperature is 590 ⁇ 650 ° C
- the internal atmosphere is dry air (Oil dust free)
- atmosphere control is inlet air curtain
- furnace purge outlet air curtain
- temperature control accuracy is ⁇ 3 ° C
- cooling method is air cooling
- suction part is 3 positions in furnace.
- the temperature in the electric furnace can be raised to a temperature higher than the glass transition point by exceeding the glass transition point by heating and raising the temperature. It is preferable to keep the temperature below the glass softening point for a certain period of time and then slowly cool it down to room temperature.
- Temperature control in the electric furnace is performed with a predetermined time as one cycle.
- Temperature control in the furnace can be performed in seven steps.
- the first step is (A) preliminary heating step
- the second step is (B) rapid heating step
- the third step is (C) slow heating step
- the fourth step is (D)
- the fifth step is (E) a low-speed cooling step
- the sixth step is (F) a rapid cooling step
- the seventh step is a (G) natural cooling step.
- the sample is fixed at a constant temperature near room temperature for 90 minutes. This is to make the temperature distribution of each part of the glass material uniform and to easily reproduce the heat distribution of the glass material by controlling the temperature of heat softening. Fix it at room temperature (approximately 20-30 ° C).
- the second step is (B) a rapid heating and heating step, from room temperature (for example, 25 ° C) to glass transition temperature (hereinafter also referred to as Tg)-50 ° C (hereinafter also referred to as T1), for example. Heat at a rate of 4 ° CZmin for about 90 minutes.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- T1 glass transition temperature
- T2 glass transition temperature
- the glass material heated at temperature T2 is heated for 30 minutes in the constant temperature holding step. Furthermore, heating is performed for 30 minutes at a temperature T2, but when using a mold having a through hole as described above, suction processing for the through hole in the mold can also be performed in the latter half of 30 minutes. .
- the suction process can be performed by operating a suction pump installed outside the electric furnace. As shown in Fig. 4, the suction pump 404 is connected to the suction terminal 405, the suction table 403, and the mold through hole. Each is connected. When the suction pump performs suction, a negative pressure is generated, and the negative pressure sucks the glass material placed on the mold through the penetration height of the mold.
- the suction pump 404 outside the furnace is operated, and the inside of the suction table having a hollow structure is made negative pressure via the suction terminal 405.
- the suction table having a negative pressure inside communicates with a through hole in the bottom surface of the mold.
- the through hole at the bottom of the mold pierces to the molding surface at the top of the mold, and suction is performed by applying a negative pressure to the glass material placed on the mold.
- a lid member having air permeability As described above, when suction is performed through the through hole, it is preferable to use a lid member having air permeability.
- the fifth step (E), which is the cooling step, is the low-speed cooling step, which cools to a Tg of 100 ° C (hereinafter also referred to as T3), for example, at a speed of CZmin for about 300 minutes, thereby fixing the shape change due to softness.
- T3 100 ° C
- This slow cooling process also includes an annealing element that removes the distortion of the glass.
- cooling is performed to about 200 ° C at a rate of about 1.5 ° C Zmin. Glass and molds that have been softened may be damaged due to differences in their thermal expansion coefficients with respect to their own thermal shrinkage and temperature changes. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the temperature change rate to such an extent that it does not break.
- the (G) rapid cooling step which is the seventh step, is performed.
- the rapid cooling process when it reaches 200 ° C or below, it is cooled to room temperature by natural cooling.
- the lower surface of the glass material and the molding surface are in a male-female relationship.
- the upper surface of the glass material is deformed according to the shape deformation of the lower surface of the glass material, and a desired optical surface is formed.
- the glass material can be removed from the mold and a molded product can be obtained.
- the molded article thus obtained can be used as a spectacle lens saddle. Alternatively, it can be used as an eyeglass lens saddle by removing a part such as a peripheral portion.
- the molding die according to the first aspect of the present invention heats a molding material made of a thermosoftening material placed on the molding surface of the molding die to a deformable temperature, and performs the molding.
- a molding die used in a molding method for molding the upper surface of the molding material into a desired shape by bringing the lower surface of the material into close contact with the molding surface, and the maximum height Rmax on the molding surface is 0.1 to It has a range of 100 111 and has a plurality of irregularities in which the average interval 3 of the local summits is in the range of 0.01-: L 00 mm.
- the molding die according to the second aspect of the present invention heats a molding material made of a thermosoftening substance placed on the molding surface of the molding die to a deformable temperature, and performs the molding.
- a plurality of through-holes penetrating to the surface of the lens, and the molded product is a spectacle lens saddle mold or a part of a saddle mold. It is arranged so as not to overlap with the position corresponding to the refractive index measurement part in the spectacle lens.
- the molding die can be used in the method for producing a molded article of the present invention, and the details thereof are as described above.
- molding die manufacturing method I a molding die manufacturing method in which a molding surface is formed by grinding and Z or cutting, and the molding surface is formed by the processing.
- forming a plurality of irregularities having a maximum height Rmax in the range of 0.1 to 100 / zm and an average distance S between the local peaks of 0.01 to 1.000 mm.
- a method for producing a molding die according to the second aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a molding die including a molding surface having a through-hole.
- a first drilling step in which a hole is drilled to a position without penetrating the molding surface using a first needle-like member from a surface opposite to the surface;
- It includes a second drilling step of inserting a second needle-like member into the hole formed in the first drilling step and penetrating the hole through the molding surface.
- the mold and the mold I used in the molded product manufacturing method I can be obtained.
- a general mold manufacturing method is to form after a cutting or grinding process.
- a polishing step for smoothing the surface is included.
- the molding surface is adjusted to the desired surface shape in the cutting process, the molding surface may be scraped off by the polishing process, resulting in slight errors in dimensions.
- this error should be eliminated if a precise three-dimensional shape is required on the molding surface. Therefore, forming a molding surface by grinding and Z or cutting without performing a polishing process has an advantage that a desired three-dimensional shape can be precisely formed on the molding surface of the mold.
- the cutting and Z or grinding can be performed by a known method without particular limitation as long as the irregularities can be formed. Details will be described later.
- the mold and the mold used in the mold manufacturing method II can be obtained by the mold manufacturing method II.
- the mold of the present invention is preferably formed from a heat-resistant material that has an expansion coefficient close to that of a molding material and excellent in durability.
- heat-resistant materials include alumina (Al 2 O 3) and altic (Al 2 O—TiC).
- Silicon Silicon (SiC), silicon dioxide (SiO 2) and other SiO, Al 2 O or MgO as the main component
- main component means that the above components occupy 50% by mass or more of the mold components.
- Suitable heat-resistant materials as mold materials include, for example, 99% or more of SiO, Al 2 O, MgO,
- first hardness (Vickers hardness) 7-24Hv, bending strength 400-2000MPa, Young's modulus 180-410GPa, thermal conductivity 3.0-170WZmk, linear expansion Coefficient 4.30 ⁇ : LO. 8 X 10E-6, metathermal temperature 750 ⁇ 850.
- C Density 3.. 10 to:. LO ones 70 g / cm 3 are suitable.
- Second in particular, hardness (Vickers hardness) 7 to 15 Hv, Yang rate 190 to 210 GPa, linear expansion coefficient 6.0 to 7.0 X 10E-6, metathermal temperature 775 to 825. C is preferred.
- the mold material is preferably hydrophobic.
- the mold processing it is preferable to perform the processing of the side surface and the bottom surface of the mold prior to the processing of the molding surface.
- the side surface and bottom surface can be processed by a known lathe cage or the like.
- the side surface of the mold serves as a placement reference position for the molding material.
- the bottom of the mold serves as a processing standard for the molding surface of the mold. Therefore, it is preferable to process both the side surface and the bottom surface with high accuracy.
- the weight of the molding material can be accurately matched to the mold surface.
- the stepped portion can be formed by cutting a predetermined amount from the molding surface to the bottom surface (set according to the size of the holding member, but about 10 mm, for example).
- the molding surface is processed.
- irregularities are formed on the molding surface as described above.
- the mold production method II a through hole is formed in the mold. Manufacturing method of molded product When manufacturing the molding die and molding die II used in ⁇ , the through hole should be formed so as not to overlap the position corresponding to the refractive power measurement reference point of the spectacle lens to be finally obtained. Deploy.
- the diameter of the through-hole is preferably set so as to satisfy the above formula 1.
- the diameter of the through hole can be set to, for example, a minimum ⁇ ⁇ .
- heat-resistant materials that are suitably used as mold materials generally have high hardness (for example, Vickers hardness of 7 to 24 Hv), so it is desirable to form through holes using thin needle-like members (such as carbide drills). Then, problems such as breaking of the needle-shaped member may occur.
- the present invention it is preferable to perform drilling step by step in at least two steps.
- a hole is formed from the surface opposite to the molding surface of the molding die (molding die bottom surface) to the position without penetrating the molding surface using the first needle-like member.
- the second drilling step the second needle-like member is inserted into the hole formed in the first drilling step to perform a drilling operation, and the hole is penetrated through the molding surface.
- the diameter of the tip of the second needle-like member is smaller than the diameter of the tip of the first needle-like member, as in the case of drilling in one step using a thin member.
- the problem that the member is broken can be avoided, and a small-diameter through hole can be formed. Specifically, when a through hole having a diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 mm is formed on the molding surface, a first needle-shaped member having a tip diameter of 0.3 to 0.5 mm is used. As the second acicular member, one having a tip diameter of 2 to 4 mm can be used.
- the tip of the needle-like member is also formed with a material strength with high hardness.
- a material is cemented carbide.
- Specific examples of the cemented carbide include a mixture composed of the components shown in Table 1 below.
- cemented carbide containing tungsten carbide for example, 92 to 95% by mass
- cobalt for example, 5 to 8% by mass
- Cemented carbides include A1N, Al 2 O, (
- the drilling step can be performed by a tap carriage, and the rotational speed of the main shaft can be about 10,000 rpm. Furthermore, at least one further drilling step can be performed between the first drilling step and the second drilling step. Also in this case, a small-diameter through hole can be formed by sequentially using a needle-like member having a diameter smaller than that of the needle-like member used in the previous drilling step.
- the molding surface of the mold can be re-processed (ground) and used repeatedly. Since the cross-sectional diameter of the through-hole formed in the final drilling process for penetrating the hole into the molding surface appears on the molding surface, when re-working, the amount of grinding and removal by re-working is taken into account. It is preferable to determine the processing amount of the drilling step. In addition, if the mold is not re-forced, only a small portion near the molding surface may be drilled in the final drilling step.
- the molding die manufacturing method I can also include a through-hole forming step of forming a plurality of through-holes penetrating from the molding surface to the surface opposite to the molding surface. The details are as described above.
- the upper surface of the mold is roughly cut into a shape corresponding to the surface shape of the molded product to be manufactured (the shape of the upper surface of the molding material).
- the surface shape is roughly cut into the approximate spherical surface.
- the approximate spherical surface can be calculated by approximating the surface shape to the spherical shape by the least square method. If the final shape of the molding surface is not centrosymmetric, the approximate spherical surface can be calculated by specifying the position having the maximum curvature.
- finishing can be performed.
- the final molded surface is processed and the molded surface is processed to the desired roughness described above.
- Cutting can be done with a lathe cage.
- Omm can be used as a processing blade for turning force.
- the finish cutting is performed for the purpose of forming the surface with high accuracy and removing scratches, microcracks, etc. on the surface generated by rough cutting.
- the amount of cutting should theoretically be about 10 times the surface roughness.
- the feeding interval of the machining blade is preferably 0.1 to 0.25 mm. to this
- the concave / convex period of the molding surface can be configured at the same interval.
- the machining locus is not limited as long as it is an interval of the feed speed, but for example, a spiral centered on the geometric center of the mold, or a spiral centered outside the mold, straight lines arranged in parallel at equal intervals, etc. Is preferred.
- the surface properties of a general mold for hot sag molding are mirror surfaces having a maximum height of 0.05 ⁇ m and an arithmetic average roughness of about 0.006 / z m.
- the mirror surface is generally a force that can be obtained by polishing.
- the molding surface is processed into a surface rougher than the mirror surface, it can be formed only by cutting without polishing.
- the present invention can be suitably used for eyeglass lens saddle molding.
- FIG. 1 An enlarged schematic view of a contact state between a molding die and a molding material before and after heat softening is shown.
- FIG. 2 shows a specific example of the arrangement of through holes on the molding surface.
- FIG. 3 A schematic diagram of the contact state between the molding material and the mold before and after softening is shown.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of a suction method.
- FIG. 5 is a specific example of the uneven pattern on the molding surface.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
- Eyeglasses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/094,059 US8277704B2 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2006-11-20 | Method of manufacturing formed article, mold and method of manufacturing the same |
KR1020087014640A KR101332071B1 (ko) | 2005-11-18 | 2006-11-20 | 성형품의 제조 방법, 성형형 및 그 제조 방법 |
CN200680043110XA CN101309873B (zh) | 2005-11-18 | 2006-11-20 | 成形品的制造方法、成形模型及其制造方法 |
BRPI0618532-0A BRPI0618532A2 (pt) | 2005-11-18 | 2006-11-20 | método de fabricação de um artigo conformado, molde, e, método de fabricação de um molde |
JP2007545335A JP5121458B2 (ja) | 2005-11-18 | 2006-11-20 | 成形品の製造方法、成形型およびその製造方法 |
EP06832984.6A EP1964819B1 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2006-11-20 | Process for producing a molded article |
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JP2005334187 | 2005-11-18 | ||
JP2005-334187 | 2005-11-18 |
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US (1) | US8277704B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1964819B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5121458B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101332071B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN101312920B (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0618532A2 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2413678C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007058352A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (6)
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JP2010076402A (ja) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-08 | Hoya Corp | レンズ用モールドの製造方法およびレンズの製造方法 |
KR20190082840A (ko) * | 2016-11-15 | 2019-07-10 | 코닝 인코포레이티드 | 텍스처링된(textured) 표면 및 3-D 형상을 갖는 유리 제조 공정 |
JP2019535628A (ja) * | 2016-11-15 | 2019-12-12 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | テクスチャ形成済み表面及び3d形状を有するガラスを作製するプロセス |
US11208346B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 | 2021-12-28 | Corning Incorporated | Processes of making glass with textured surface and 3-D shape |
JP7055803B2 (ja) | 2016-11-15 | 2022-04-18 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | テクスチャ形成済み表面及び3d形状を有するガラスを作製するプロセス |
KR102450510B1 (ko) | 2016-11-15 | 2022-10-04 | 코닝 인코포레이티드 | 텍스처링된(textured) 표면 및 3-D 형상을 갖는 유리 제조 공정 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101309873B (zh) | 2011-11-09 |
JP5121458B2 (ja) | 2013-01-16 |
RU2413678C2 (ru) | 2011-03-10 |
KR101332071B1 (ko) | 2013-11-22 |
JPWO2007058352A1 (ja) | 2009-05-07 |
EP1964819A1 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
CN101312920B (zh) | 2013-02-13 |
EP1964819B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
CN101309873A (zh) | 2008-11-19 |
RU2008124837A (ru) | 2009-12-27 |
US20090127727A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
BRPI0618532A2 (pt) | 2011-09-06 |
KR20080068929A (ko) | 2008-07-24 |
CN101312920A (zh) | 2008-11-26 |
EP1964819A4 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
US8277704B2 (en) | 2012-10-02 |
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