WO2007055216A1 - 排ガス浄化装置及び排ガス浄化方法 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化装置及び排ガス浄化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007055216A1 WO2007055216A1 PCT/JP2006/322219 JP2006322219W WO2007055216A1 WO 2007055216 A1 WO2007055216 A1 WO 2007055216A1 JP 2006322219 W JP2006322219 W JP 2006322219W WO 2007055216 A1 WO2007055216 A1 WO 2007055216A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0242—Coating followed by impregnation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
- F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
- F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
- F02B29/0437—Liquid cooled heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
- F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
- F02M26/28—Layout, e.g. schematics with liquid-cooled heat exchangers
Definitions
- the present invention also relates oxygen and excess air exhaust used in lean burn Enjin operated at cleansing device, the exhaust gas purifying method for purifying N0 X using the exhaust gas purifying apparatus.
- NSR N0 X storage reduction catalyst
- This NSR is formed by supporting a precious metal such as Pt on a porous oxide such as alumina, and a N0 X occlusion material selected from Al metal and Al metal. NO in the exhaust gas in the lean atmosphere is oxidized by the noble metal to become N0 X , reacts with the N0 X storage material, and is stored in the catalyst as nitrate.
- N0 X storage material recovers the N0 X storage capacity, and 'N0 X is abundant in the atmosphere. It reacts with reducing components such as HC; and CO and is reduced to N 2 for purification.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 09-085093 describes an NSR carrying a ⁇ 0 ⁇ occlusion material composed of three components of K, Na and Li. ⁇ 0 ⁇ occlusion material consisting of the three components K, Na and Li. Reacts with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and exists as a complex carbonate. Since this composite carbonate has a remarkably low melting point of 400 ° C or lower, it becomes unstable at temperatures in the normal range of the catalyst (300 ° C to 400 ° C), and N0 X occlusion / release characteristics are improved.
- N0 X occlusion materials selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals have a problem of reducing the oxidation activity of Pt and the like. Therefore, increase the amount of precious metal supported Although this is being addressed, precious metal grain growth is likely to occur, and the activity corresponding to the loading amount cannot be obtained.
- N0 X storage materials selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are
- the feature of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to claim 1 that solves the above-described problem is that a lean combustion engine that is operated at an air-fuel ratio with excess oxygen and Pd that is disposed in the exhaust gas from the lean combustion engine is added to the porous oxide. 3 weight. Pd catalyst supported at a high concentration of / 0 or more, and a liquefying means for temporarily setting the exhaust gas atmosphere around the Pd catalyst as a rich atmosphere. ,
- the exhaust gas purification method of the present invention is characterized in that the exhaust gas purification device of the present invention is arranged in the exhaust system of a lean combustion engine operated at an oxygen-excess air-fuel ratio, and the Pd catalyst is The exhaust gas atmosphere is temporarily changed to a rich atmosphere, and then the lean atmosphere and the rich atmosphere are repeated to purify N0 X in the exhaust gas.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a reaction mechanism of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the inlet gas temperature and the N0 X purification rate.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the N0 X concentration in the exhaust gas from the Pd catalyst according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the value of the weight ratio PtZPd and the N0 X purification rate.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing an exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the inlet gas temperature and the N0 X purification rate in Example 6 of the present invention. The best mode for carrying out the invention.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus wherein the porous oxide contains 3 weight of Pd. /.
- the Pd medium supported at the above high concentration is used.
- the porous oxide can be used A1 2 0 3, Zr0 2, Ti0 2, Ce0 2, at least one oxide, such as Si0 2 or double if oxide comprising these multiple species.
- This Pd catalyst can be a pellet catalyst formed from a catalyst powder in which Pd is supported on a porous oxide.
- a metal foam base material may be coated with the catalyst powder to form a foam catalyst, or a honeycomb catalyst in which a catalyst coat layer is formed from the catalyst powder on the surface of a bulkhead cell wall formed of cordierite or metal. It can also be. '
- the catalyst coating layer is preferably formed in an amount of 120 g or more per liter of catalyst volume, and 150 g or more of catalyst coating. It is more preferable to form a single layer. If the formation amount of the catalyst coat layer is small, the Pd loading density will increase, and when exposed to high temperatures, grain growth may occur and the activity may decrease. '-
- the amount of Pd supported on the Pd catalyst is 3 wt. /. This is more than the amount supported on the normal exhaust gas purification catalyst.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-332350 describes a three-way catalyst in which Pd is supported at a high concentration on the upstream side.
- This Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-332350 relates to a three-way catalyst and is not used for a lean combustion engine operated at an oxygen-rich air-fuel ratio, but the amount of Pd supported therein is described. It may be equivalent. If the amount of Pd supported is less than 3% by weight, the adsorption capacity of N0 2 is drastically reduced and N0 X cannot be occluded.
- the amount of Pd supported is desirably in the range of 5 to 10 g, particularly preferably 8 to 10 g, per liter of the Pd catalyst.
- the exhaust gas purification method of the present invention first, the exhaust gas around the Pd catalyst by the lithifying means.
- the atmosphere is temporarily a rich atmosphere.
- oxygen adsorbed on Pd is consumed, and the surface of Pd is considered to be in a reset state. It is assumed that the reaction shown in Fig. 1 occurs in a lean atmosphere with excess oxygen.
- N0 2 originally exists in the exhaust gas. These N0 2 are adsorbed on Pd, and as a result, N0 X is occluded.
- the lithifying means include a means for adding a reducing agent to the exhaust gas and a means for adjusting the air-fuel ratio of the engine.
- the Pd catalyst is used to anticipate the amount consumed. It is necessary to create a rich atmosphere around the catalyst temporarily. Therefore, it is desirable to add high boiling HC to the exhaust gas.
- the low-boiling point HC such as propylene does not improve the N0 X purification rate very much, but by using the high-boiling point HC, the surrounding of the Pd catalyst can be quickly and temporarily brought into a rich atmosphere. And N0 X can be reduced and purified efficiently.
- N0 2 is improved N0 X storage capability of more generated Pd catalyst.
- the supported amount of Pt in the Pd catalyst is preferably such that the weight ratio PtZPd is in the range of 0.02 to 0.18. If Pt is supported beyond this range, the activity of Pd will be impaired, and the N0 X purification rate will decrease.
- the lean atmosphere and the rich atmosphere are repeated.
- the time distribution of a lean atmosphere, or less time N0 2 amount adsorbed on the Pd catalyst is saturated, time allocation of Ritsuchi atmosphere is consumed oxygen adsorbed on Pd catalyst and Pd catalyst or found out the N0 X Is less than the time for the reduction. Therefore, the time distribution between lean and rich depends greatly on the amount of Pd in the Pd catalyst.
- the exhaust gas purification apparatus of the present invention can efficiently purify N0 X in a low temperature range of about 200 ° C to about 300 ° C, but the N0 X purification rate is low at temperatures exceeding 300 ° C. Therefore the exhaust gas downstream side of the Pd catalyst. Disposing the noble metal and NO N carrying a x storage material [delta] R is not to demand. NSR exhibits high ⁇ 0 ⁇ occlusion ability at about 300 ° C or higher, so high NO X purification performance is exhibited in a wide temperature range from a low temperature range of about 200 ° C to a high temperature range of over 450 ° C. .
- NSR is arranged on the downstream side of the Pd catalyst, a further effect is produced.
- the Pd catalyst starts the reaction from a low temperature
- the NSR can be warmed up by the heat of reaction. Therefore, in the case of only NSR, the rich atmosphere was started from about 250 ° C. In the present invention, it is desirable to start the rich atmosphere from around 200 ° C.
- Pd catalysts oxidize HC and consume oxygen even in a rich atmosphere. NSR is more likely to reduce N0 X as the oxygen concentration in the Rich atmosphere is lower. By placing the Pd catalyst upstream, the N0 X purification rate in the high temperature range by the NS scale is further improved.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus and an exhaust gas purifying method of the present invention is oxidized NO to the N0 2 on Oite Pd catalyst in the exhaust gas of a lean atmosphere, originally adsorbed N is on Pd was N0 2 and generates present in the exhaust gas It is thought that. This reaction occurs at a low temperature of about 200 ° Celsius to about 300 ° C, thereby N0 X in the Pd catalyst is occluded.
- NO x can be reduced and purified in a low temperature range of about 200 ° C. to about 300 ° C. Since no alkali component is used, the oxidation property of the noble metal is not impaired, and the activity is not lowered by reaction with the base material or sulfur poisoning. Therefore, it is extremely durable and can maintain high N0 X purification performance in a low temperature range for a long time.
- the NSR will exhibit a high N0 X storage capacity at about 300 ° C or higher.
- High N0 X purification performance is realized in a wide temperature range from a low temperature range to a high temperature range exceeding 450 ° C.
- a Pd catalyst may be used alone, or may be used in combination with an oxidation catalyst, a N0 X storage reduction catalyst, a filter catalyst, or the like.
- 'Kojiwoite cc honeycomb substrate (6 mil, 400 cells) was washed with a slurry mainly composed of alumina powder, dried and fired at 500 ° C for 1 hour to form a coating layer.
- a predetermined amount of a palladium nitrate aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was impregnated in the coat layer, dried, and then fired at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to carry Pd.
- 120 g of catalyst coating layer per liter of honeycomb base material was formed, and 10 g of Pd was supported per liter of honeycomb base material on the catalyst coating layer.
- a coating layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and a dinitrodiammine platinum aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was used. A predetermined amount of the liquid was impregnated into the coat layer, dried, and calcined at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to carry Pt. Subsequently, in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, 10 g of Pd was carried per liter of the honeycomb substrate. In addition to lOgZL Pd, the catalyst coating layer carries 1 g of Pt per 1 liter of honeycomb-based neo.
- a coating layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and a predetermined amount of a dinitrodiammine platinum aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was impregnated into the coating layer. Then, in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, 10 g of Pd was supported per liter of the honeycomb substrate. In addition to lOgZL Pd, the catalyst coating layer carries 2.2 g of Pt per liter of honeycomb substrate. '
- a coating layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, a predetermined amount of dinitrodiammine platinum aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was impregnated into the coating layer, dried, and then fired at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to carry Pt. Next, in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, 10 g of Pd was carried per 1 ′ of the honeycomb substrate. In addition to lOgZL Pd, the catalyst coat layer carries 3 g of Pt per liter of honeycomb substrate.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a coat layer was formed, a predetermined amount of dinitrodiammine platinum aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was impregnated in the coat layer, dried, and baked at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to carry Pt. Subsequently, 0.8 g of Pd was loaded per liter of the honeycomb substrate in the same manner as in the first row. In addition to 0.8 g / L of Pd, the catalyst coat layer carries 2.2 g of Pt per liter of honeycomb substrate. ⁇
- a coating layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, a predetermined amount of dinitrodiammine platinum aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was impregnated into the coating layer, dried, and then fired at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to carry Pt.
- 1.1 ⁇ per liter of honeycomb substrate? 01 was carried.
- the catalyst coat layer carries 3 g of Pt per liter of the honeycomb substrate.
- Example 3 A coating layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, a predetermined amount of dinitrodiammine platinum aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was impregnated into the coating layer, dried, and then fired at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to carry Pt. Next, in the same manner as in Example 1, 1.3 g of Pd was supported per liter of the honeycomb substrate. In addition to 1.3 g / L of Pd, the catalyst coat layer carries 5 g of Pt per liter of the honeycomb substrate.
- a coating layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, a predetermined amount of dinitrodiammine platinum aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was impregnated into the coating layer, dried, and then fired at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to carry Pt.
- 2.5 g of Pd was supported per liter of the honeycomb substrate.
- the catalyst coat layer carries 7 g of Pt per liter of honeycomb substrate.
- a coating layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, a predetermined amount of dinitrodiammine platinum aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was impregnated into the coating layer, and after drying, it was broken at 500 ° C. for 1 ′ hour to carry Pt.
- 0.8 g of Pd was supported per liter of the honeycomb substrate.
- the catalyst coating layer in addition to 0. 8 ⁇ NoShino Pd, the honeycomb substrate 1 liter Pt skilled or 10 g is supported.
- a 35cc honeycomb substrate (3 mil, 400 cells) made of cordierite was wash-coated with a slurry consisting mainly of alumina powder, dried, and then fired at 500 ° C for 1 hour to form a coating layer.
- a predetermined amount of a dinitrodiammine platinum aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was impregnated in the coating layer, dried, and calcined at 500 ° C. for i hour to carry Pt.
- a predetermined amount of a rhodium nitrate aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was impregnated into the coat layer, dried, and then fired at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to carry Rh.
- a potassium nitrate aqueous solution, a barium acetate aqueous solution, and a lithium nitrate aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration were used, respectively, and Ba, K, and Li were supported in the same manner.
- a catalyst coating layer of 120 g per 1 liter of honeycomb substrate was formed, and 3 g of Pt, 0.5 g of Rh, 0.1 mol of Ba, 0.1 mol of K, and 0.1 mol of Li are supported.
- the catalyst of each example shows a higher N0 X purification rate in the range of 200 ° (: ⁇ 350 ° C) than the NSR of Comparative Example 6, and the N0 X purification performance in the low temperature range is higher than that of NSR. excellent Rukoto is evident.
- the catalysts of each embodiment especially in comparison with the catalyst of Comparative example 1-5 high .nu.0 chi purification rate of the low-temperature region, which is a high concentration of lO g ZL of Pd It is clear that this is a supported effect.
- the N0 X purification behavior of the catalyst of Example 3 immediately increases the N0 X concentration in the exhaust gas immediately after the rich atmosphere, but the N0 X concentration rapidly decreases thereafter.
- the N0 X concentration gradually increases and shows behavior similar to the NS scale. Accordingly With Ritsuchi atmosphere before reaching .nu.0 chi concentration in the gas contains the N0 X concentration in a lean atmosphere, it is possible to greatly suppressed emissions .nu.0 chi.
- the catalyst of Example 2 shows a significantly higher N0 x purification rate, and the N0 X purification rate decreases even if the amount of Pt is larger or smaller than that. is doing.
- the range where the N0 X purification rate is 50% or more is that the weight ratio PtZPd is 0.02 to 0.18, and it is understood that this range is preferable for the amount of Pt supported.
- Fig. 5 shows the exhaust gas purification system of this example.
- the Pd catalyst 1 of Example 3 and the filter catalyst 2 are arranged in the catalytic converter 3 in this order from the exhaust gas upstream side to the downstream side.
- the catalytic converter 3 is connected to the exhaust manifold 31 of the diesel engine 30.
- an injection nozzle 32 is arranged in the exhaust manifold 31 so that light oil is intermittently injected into the exhaust gas. A part of the exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold 31 is returned to the intake manifold 35 of the diesel engine 30 via the turbocharger 33 and the intercooler 34.
- a hard-flow structure with a wall flow structure manufactured by Koji Kolite was prepared.
- This honeycomb structure has a volume of about 2 liters, a cell partition with a cell number of SOOZinch 2 (46.5 cells Zcm) and a thickness of 0.3 mm.
- the cell partition wall has a porosity of 65% and an average pore diameter of 25 ⁇ m.
- the two-cam structure includes an outflow side cell that is clogged at the upstream end face and is not clogged at the downstream end face, and an inflow side cell that is clogged at the downstream end face and is not clogged at the upstream end face. Are arranged alternately.
- the outflow side cell and the inflow side cell are separated by a cell partition.
- a mixed slurry in which powders of alumina, titania, zirconia and ceria are dispersed in water is prepared, and washed on the cell partition wall surface of the honeycomb structure and the pore surface inside the cell partition wall by the wash coat method.
- a coat layer of 150 g ZL was formed.
- 2 g of ZL was supported and calcined by the water absorption method, and Li, Ba and K were each 0.3 mol L, 0.05 mol / L, 0, 025 mol by the water absorption method. and calcined at 500 ° C after ZL supported, was prepared N0 X storage reduction filter catalyst 2.
- the diesel engine 30 was driven at 2900 rpm.
- light oil was added from the injection nozzle 32 every 55 seconds at a rate of 20 seconds, and the N0 X purification rate at each inlet gas temperature was measured.
- Light oil; A / F at the time of addition is adjusted so that the total gas is 15 to 16, and the atmosphere around Pd catalyst 1 at that time is a reducing atmosphere that consumes oxygen adsorbed on Pd catalyst 1 and is excessive.
- Figure 6 shows the measurement results of N0 X purification rate.
- Exhaust gas purification device was constructed in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the catalyst in Comparative Example 1 or Comparative Example 5 was used instead of the Pd catalyst in Example 1, and the NO x purification rate was the same as in Example 5.
- the result is shown in FIG. '
- the upstream side catalyst used in Example 5 and Comparative Example 7 is indicated by the corresponding Example or Comparative Example number.
- the Pd catalyst 1 of Example 3 arranged upstream of the filter catalyst 2 is the same as the one of Comparative Example 1 or Comparative Example 5 arranged upstream of the filter catalyst 2.
- the N0 X purification rate is improved in the low temperature range of 200 ° C to 300 ° C.
- high N0 X purification performance is manifested in a wide temperature range from a low temperature range of about 200 ° C to a high temperature range of over 450 ° C. This is.
- Upstream of N0 X storage reduction filter catalyst 2 it is clear that the effect of placing the Pd catalyst 1 supports Pd at a high concentration. ⁇
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002628979A CA2628979A1 (en) | 2005-11-10 | 2006-10-31 | Exhaust gas purifying apparatus and exhaust gas purifying method |
BRPI0619681-0A BRPI0619681A2 (pt) | 2005-11-10 | 2006-10-31 | aparelho purificador de gás de exaustão e método de purificação de gás de exaustão para purificar nox em gás de exaustão |
EP06823123A EP1949953A4 (en) | 2005-11-10 | 2006-10-31 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION |
US12/084,822 US20090255238A1 (en) | 2005-11-10 | 2006-10-31 | Exhaust Gas Purifying Apparatus and Exhaust Gas Purifying Method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2005326388A JP2007130580A (ja) | 2005-11-10 | 2005-11-10 | 排ガス浄化装置及び排ガス浄化方法 |
JP2005-326388 | 2005-11-10 |
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WO2007055216A1 true WO2007055216A1 (ja) | 2007-05-18 |
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PCT/JP2006/322219 WO2007055216A1 (ja) | 2005-11-10 | 2006-10-31 | 排ガス浄化装置及び排ガス浄化方法 |
Country Status (9)
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US (1) | US20090255238A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1949953A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2007130580A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080066944A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101304801A (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0619681A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2628979A1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2385760C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007055216A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8367401B2 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2013-02-05 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Replication competent hepatitis C virus and methods of use |
Families Citing this family (5)
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JP5272455B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-11 | 2013-08-28 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | NOx浄化システムの制御方法及びNOx浄化システム |
JP5065180B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2012-10-31 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
DE102009023550A1 (de) * | 2009-05-30 | 2010-12-09 | Deutz Ag | Abgasnachbehandlungssystem |
DE102013200361B4 (de) * | 2012-03-09 | 2017-04-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Abgasnachbehandlungssystem, Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung |
US9657626B2 (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-05-23 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Emissions reduction system |
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US6497851B1 (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 2002-12-24 | Englehard Corporation | Engine exhaust treatment apparatus and method of use |
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JP3788141B2 (ja) * | 1999-10-25 | 2006-06-21 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化システム |
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- 2006-10-31 US US12/084,822 patent/US20090255238A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-10-31 WO PCT/JP2006/322219 patent/WO2007055216A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-10-31 BR BRPI0619681-0A patent/BRPI0619681A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-10-31 CN CNA2006800417668A patent/CN101304801A/zh active Pending
- 2006-10-31 CA CA002628979A patent/CA2628979A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-10-31 EP EP06823123A patent/EP1949953A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-10-31 RU RU2008123510/15A patent/RU2385760C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-10-31 KR KR1020087011033A patent/KR20080066944A/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2628979A1 (en) | 2007-05-18 |
EP1949953A1 (en) | 2008-07-30 |
CN101304801A (zh) | 2008-11-12 |
BRPI0619681A2 (pt) | 2011-10-11 |
JP2007130580A (ja) | 2007-05-31 |
EP1949953A4 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
KR20080066944A (ko) | 2008-07-17 |
RU2385760C2 (ru) | 2010-04-10 |
US20090255238A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
RU2008123510A (ru) | 2009-12-20 |
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