WO2007034989A1 - オートサーマル改質器の起動方法 - Google Patents
オートサーマル改質器の起動方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007034989A1 WO2007034989A1 PCT/JP2006/319234 JP2006319234W WO2007034989A1 WO 2007034989 A1 WO2007034989 A1 WO 2007034989A1 JP 2006319234 W JP2006319234 W JP 2006319234W WO 2007034989 A1 WO2007034989 A1 WO 2007034989A1
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- Prior art keywords
- reforming catalyst
- reforming
- heating
- catalyst
- preheating step
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/382—Multi-step processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0244—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1247—Higher hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1252—Cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1258—Pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/1264—Catalytic pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/127—Catalytic desulfurisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1288—Evaporation of one or more of the different feed components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
- C01B2203/142—At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1604—Starting up the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
- C01B2203/82—Several process steps of C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/08 integrated into a single apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
- Y10S585/929—Special chemical considerations
- Y10S585/943—Synthesis from methane or inorganic carbon source, e.g. coal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for starting an autothermal reformer using liquid fuel as a raw material used in a fuel cell system or the like.
- the present invention relates to a combined reforming catalyst having liquid fuel oxidation activity, a heating means for heating the reforming catalyst located upstream of the reforming catalyst, a liquid vaporizer, and an evaporation that generates water vapor.
- the present invention relates to a startup method for an autothermal reformer having an air supply means for supplying air, and more particularly to a startup method in a state where the reforming catalyst is at a low temperature such as an atmospheric temperature.
- the temperature of the catalyst must be raised to a temperature at which the reforming catalyst exhibits the oxidation activity of the fuel.
- a burner is used to raise the temperature of the catalyst in order to shorten the start-up time, and if it is ignited, only the inlet of the catalyst layer will suddenly rise due to the high-temperature gas generated from the burner.
- it is necessary to repeatedly ignite and extinguish the Pana in order to reach the temperature that can reform the entire catalyst layer.
- a method in which a gas heated separately in the heat source is introduced into the reforming catalyst layer and the reforming catalyst is preheated to a temperature at which reforming can be performed requires a large amount of power and shortens the startup time. Difficult to do.
- the catalyst layer inlet temperature is higher than the outlet temperature, so when starting the auto-smal reforming, make the catalyst layer inlet higher. It needs to be pre-heated ', and the conventional method is insufficient in that respect.
- Patent Document 1 In autothermal reactor, after the supply of the reforming fuel and water was stopped les to shorten because time to restart when stopped, air: to stop the supply of
- a method for maintaining the catalyst layer temperature by using only a partial oxidation reaction, which is an exothermic reaction, is disclosed, but the catalyst layer temperature is normal temperature such as atmospheric temperature.
- fuel and water are supplied into the system in advance. It is not applicable when it is not done.
- -Patent Document 1 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2 0 2 — 1 5 8 0 2 7 (Correspondence: 'US Patent No. 6, 7 8 6, .. 9 4 2 Specification) ⁇ ⁇ ' 'Disclosure of Invention
- the present invention provides a reforming catalyst having an oxidation activity for liquid fuel, a heating means for heating the reforming catalyst located upstream of the reforming catalyst, a body fuel vaporizer, an evaporator for generating water vapor, and air.
- the purpose is to shorten the start-up time of an autothermal reformer with an air supply means.
- the first aspect of the present invention is a reforming catalyst having both oxidation activities, a heating stage for heating the reforming catalyst located upstream of the reforming catalyst, a vaporizer for liquid fuel, an evaporator for generating steam, and air.
- a starting method of an autothermal reformer having an air supply means for supplying, vaporizing liquid fuel by the vaporizer, and performing autothermal reforming with the reforming catalyst,
- the transition from the first preheating step to the second preheating step is performed when the reforming catalyst layer inlet temperature reaches 2550 ° C or higher.
- the present invention relates to a method for starting a photothermal reformer.
- the transition from the second preheating step to the steady state is such that the reforming catalyst layer inlet temperature is 600 ° C or higher and the outlet temperature is 400 ° C or higher.
- the present invention relates to a method for starting an autothermal reformer characterized by being performed at a later stage. .
- the process of heating the reforming catalyst by its own power S-catalyst combustion is adopted, so that the catalyst heating is fast and from the catalyst inlet to the outlet.
- An ideal temperature distribution can be obtained, and the start-up time can be shortened more comprehensively than in the case of a single process of heating with external heat such as a burner. 'Short description of drawing'. ——
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the activation method of the present invention. '' Best mode for carrying out the invention
- Liquid fuels subject to autothermal reforming include liquid compounds at room temperature and normal pressure (25 ° C, 0.10 IMP a), which contain carbon and hydrogen in the molecule. Any fuel can be used as long as it is a hydrocarbon compound capable of causing a reforming reaction.
- saturated hydrocarbons such as decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pen decane, hexadecane, heptodecane, octadecane, nonadecane, and eicosane; Silene, engineered benzene, trimethylbenzene, cumene, propylbenzene, or butylbenzene, pendylbenzene, hexylbenzene, heptyl
- aromatic compounds such as benzene, octylbenzene, nonylbenzene, decylbenzene, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, dimethylnaphthalene, ethylnaphthalene, propyl-5-naphthalene, biphenyl, methylbiphenyl, edilbiphenyl, propylbiphenyl;
- aromatic or non-aromatic compounds having a saturated ring such as tetralin and decalin.
- the above pure substance can be used alone as a liquid fuel containing the above hydrocarbon compound, but there are multiple types of hydrocarbon compounds as a mixture in 'normally' liquid materials.
- liquid fuels examples include naphtha, gasoline, oil, light oil, and fuel manufactured by the Fischer Push method.
- the concentration is preferably 1 mass ppm or less, more preferably 0 .1 mass ppm or less. Therefore, if necessary, the liquid fuel 20 can be desulfurized beforehand.
- the sulfur concentration in the raw material used for the desulfurization process is not particularly limited, and any substance can be used as long as it can be converted to the above sulfur concentration in the desulfurization process.
- Examples of the catalyst that can be used in this case include catalysts composed of nickel molybdenum, cobalt-molybdenum, and the like.
- a method of sorbing sulfur in the presence of hydrogen in the presence of an appropriate sorbent can be employed if necessary.
- Japanese Patent No. 2 6 5 4 5 15 (corresponding to: US Pat. No. 4, 9 8 5, 0 74 A sorbent based on copper-zinc as shown in Japanese Patent No. 2688749 (corresponding i US Pat. No. 4,985,074), etc.
- Examples of the sorbent are:
- any catalyst that can be used for autothermal reforming that is, one having oxidation activity and steam reforming activity can be used.
- JP 2000-844.10 (corresponding: Ameri force patent 6,749,828)
- JP 2001-80907 (corresponding: US 6,335,474)
- US Patent documents such as patent 5, 929, 286 ⁇ specifications
- Non-patent literature, etc. It is known that noble metals such as nickel and platinum, rhodium and ruthenium have these activities as described in 1.
- noble metals having high oxidation activity of liquid fuel are preferably used.
- a catalyst with high oxidation activity and high steam reforming activity is preferred, ...
- No particular limitation on the catalyst shape #j for example, a catalyst that has been compressed into tablets and sized to an appropriate range after extrusion, extruded Extruded by adding molded catalyst and appropriate binder Catalysts, powdered catalysts, etc. Further, tablets are molded and then crushed and sized to an appropriate range after pulverization, extruded and shaped, powder or sphere, ring, tablet, cylindrical, It is possible to use a supported catalyst in which a metal is supported on a carrier such as a carrier formed into an appropriate shape such as flakes, etc.
- a catalyst in which the catalyst itself is formed into a monolithic shape, a honeycomb shape, or the like is suitable. Any material such as a monolith made of a material, such as a honeycomb-shaped body coated with a catalyst, can be used.
- the autothermal reformer of the present invention generates a reforming catalyst having both oxidation activities of liquid fuel, a heating means for heating the reforming catalyst at a position upstream of the reforming catalyst, a liquid fuel vaporizer, and steam.
- Evaporator air supply means for supplying air.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the start-up method of the present invention, in which a panner is arranged as a heating means in the upstream position of the reforming catalyst, that is, in the vicinity of the output CJ position ′. Further upstream, a liquid fuel vaporizer, a water evaporator, and an air flow control device as an air supply means for supplying air are arranged.
- Fig. 1 there is an air flow control device at the uppermost stream, air is sent from now on, then water is sent from the water tank via the water pump, and becomes water vapor in the water evaporator. Supplied to the line. Liquid fuel is then fed through the liquid fuel pump, which is vaporized by the vaporizer, fed to the line, mixed in a suitable manner and introduced into the autothermal reformer.
- the auto-thermal reformer is filled with the reforming catalyst, and a panner is placed near the catalyst inlet, and the catalyst bed is heated by the flame of the panner when it is launched. In the steady state, reformer gas is obtained from the reformer. .
- Liquid fuel vaporizers, evaporators, and air flow control devices should be placed upstream or parallel to the fuel so that fuel, water, and air can be mixed in front of the burner; either in series or in parallel. Can do.
- the reforming catalyst usually forms a catalyst layer in the reformer, and vaporized fuel, water, air, or a mixture thereof is introduced into the reforming catalyst layer inlet, and the catalyst layer After autothermal reforming, the reformed gas is discharged from the catalyst layer outlet.
- the discharged reformed gas is appropriately purified and used for a fuel cell system or the like.
- a reforming catalyst having both oxidation activities, a heating means for heating the reforming catalyst located upstream of the reforming catalyst, a vaporizer for liquid fuel, an evaporator for generating water vapor, and an air supply for supplying air
- a heating means for heating the reforming catalyst located upstream of the reforming catalyst a vaporizer for liquid fuel, an evaporator for generating water vapor, and an air supply for supplying air
- an auto thermal reformer having a means for vaporizing liquid fuel with the vaporizer and performing auto thermal reforming with the reforming catalyst.
- a method of providing autothermal reforming by a method comprising: supplying a reforming catalyst heated in the second preheating process together with water vapor and starting autothermal reforming under steady state conditions; It activates the instrument.
- the transition from the first preheating step to the second preheating step is performed when the reforming catalyst layer inlet temperature reaches 250 ° C. or higher.
- the transition from the second preheating step to steady tl ⁇ is performed when the reforming catalyst layer inlet temperature is 600 ° C or higher and the outlet temperature is 400 ° C or higher.
- the temperature of the reforming catalyst is raised to a predetermined temperature by a heating means such as a panner.
- a heating means such as a panner.
- the reforming catalyst layer can be quickly heated by adopting a burner as a heating means and introducing vaporized liquid fuel and air into the burner and igniting. .
- Vaporized fuel and air ⁇ can be used separately
- liquid fuel and air can be determined appropriately according to the characteristics of the burner, but it is desirable that the air-fuel ratio is 1 to 2 (volume ratio) in order to cause burner combustion. '',. '
- the heating means is stopped, and the reforming catalyst is heated on the reforming catalyst by using the vaporized liquid fuel and gas for catalytic combustion.
- the heating means for example, in the system shown in FIG. 1, it can be performed by misfiring the pan by increasing the amount of air.
- the entire reforming catalyst is heated, and the temperature can be sufficiently raised at the catalyst layer outlet without heating only the catalyst layer inlet.
- the flow rate of liquid fuel and air in the second preheating step can be set to a flow rate at which liquid fuel can cause catalyst combustion, but the air-fuel ratio is 2.5. : ⁇ 5 (capacity ratio) is desirable. '
- the temperature of the reforming catalyst layer entrance .. d is 250 ° C or higher. If the inlet temperature is lower than 250 ° C, even if a noble metal catalyst is used as the reforming catalyst, catalytic combustion will not occur.5 'will not be possible, so the catalyst layer will be heated sufficiently by catalytic combustion in the second preheating step. Can not do it.
- steam is supplied to the reforming catalyst whose temperature has been raised in the second step, and the supply amount of liquid fuel is increased or decreased to a predetermined amount in a steady state.
- the predetermined amount in the present invention is a fixed amount.
- the reforming catalyst layer inlet temperature is 600 or more and the outlet temperature is more than '40'0 ° C or more. It is desirable that If the inlet temperature is lower than 600 ° C or the outlet temperature is lower than • 400 ° C, even if steam is introduced, a sufficient thermal reaction cannot occur in the entire catalyst layer.
- kerosene was used as the liquid fuel, and the system was stopped and started from the atmospheric temperature.
- the autothermal reformer was charged with 392 25 g of Rh (Ima s s%) Z spherical alumina (diameter 3 mm) as a reforming catalyst.
- kerosene 60g / h, air 752 LZh air-fuel ratio 1 ⁇ 1
- the catalyst bed inlet temperature reached 250 ° C in 3 minutes from the stop state.
- Kerosene is vaporized by the vaporizer and is burned by the panner in practice. Therefore, the air volume was increased to 2052 LZh (air-fuel ratio 3), and the burner was misfired. .
- the kerosene thus vaporized was supplied to the catalyst layer together with air and shifted to catalytic combustion.As a result, the catalyst layer inlet temperature reached 600 ° C and the catalyst layer outlet temperature reached 400 ° C in 10 minutes from the stop state.
- the hornworm medium layer inlet temperature is 650
- the catalyst layer outlet temperature is 550 ° C ⁇ ⁇ Stable, from the reformer outlet ⁇
- the design value of reformed gas 1. 8m 3 Zh was obtained, and after that, it was operated in steady state.
- the present invention by adopting a process in which the reforming catalyst itself is heated by catalytic combustion in addition to the process of heating the reforming catalyst with external heat ;
- An ideal temperature distribution can be obtained from the inlet to the outlet, and the start-up time can be shortened comprehensively compared to the case of heating alone with an external heat such as a burner. Therefore, heat generation of oxidation exothermic reforming endotherm occurs in the reforming catalyst, so it is useful for reformers used in fuel cell systems, etc., with shorter start-up time and faster load follow-up than normal steam reforming. .
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2622270A CA2622270C (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-09-21 | Method for starting autothermal reformer |
US11/992,335 US7837858B2 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-09-21 | Method for starting autothermal reformer |
JP2007536598A JP5124277B2 (ja) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-09-21 | オートサーマル改質器の起動方法 |
EP06810692A EP1935846A4 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-09-21 | METHOD FOR ACCESSING AN AUTOTHEROM REFORMER |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005274068 | 2005-09-21 | ||
JP2005-274068 | 2005-09-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2007034989A1 true WO2007034989A1 (ja) | 2007-03-29 |
Family
ID=37889023
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2006/319234 WO2007034989A1 (ja) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-09-21 | オートサーマル改質器の起動方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7837858B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1935846A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5124277B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2622270C (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI398406B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007034989A1 (ja) |
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JP2008247688A (ja) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-16 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 気化装置及びその駆動制御方法並びにそれを備える発電装置 |
US20090165368A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Yunquan Liu | Process and apparatus for reforming gaseous and liquid fuels |
JP2010524826A (ja) * | 2007-04-25 | 2010-07-22 | ウーデ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 二次流入通路を備える改質器 |
KR101213046B1 (ko) | 2012-09-18 | 2012-12-18 | 국방과학연구소 | 연료 개질기의 제어 방법 |
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US8430938B1 (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2013-04-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Control algorithm for autothermal reformer |
JP5177998B2 (ja) | 2006-11-27 | 2013-04-10 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 改質装置及びその運転方法 |
JP5418960B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2014-02-19 | Toto株式会社 | 固体電解質型燃料電池 |
JP5230849B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-26 | 2013-07-10 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素生成装置、燃料電池システム、及びその運転方法 |
US8591844B1 (en) | 2012-05-17 | 2013-11-26 | Fluor Technologies Corporation | Start up catalyst heating |
US10946359B2 (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2021-03-16 | Innoveering, LLC | Fuel reformation for use in high speed propulsion systems |
US11239479B2 (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2022-02-01 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Ignition method of fuel reformer using partial oxidation reaction of the fuel for SOFC fuel cell start-up |
US11542159B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2023-01-03 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Autothermal reformer system with liquid desulfurizer for SOFC system |
US11618003B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2023-04-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Diesel reforming apparatus having a heat exchanger for higher efficiency steam reforming for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) |
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- 2006-09-21 EP EP06810692A patent/EP1935846A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-09-21 WO PCT/JP2006/319234 patent/WO2007034989A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-09-21 CA CA2622270A patent/CA2622270C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-21 JP JP2007536598A patent/JP5124277B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (11)
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JP2008247688A (ja) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-16 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 気化装置及びその駆動制御方法並びにそれを備える発電装置 |
JP2010524826A (ja) * | 2007-04-25 | 2010-07-22 | ウーデ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 二次流入通路を備える改質器 |
US20090165368A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Yunquan Liu | Process and apparatus for reforming gaseous and liquid fuels |
US9603796B2 (en) | 2008-07-21 | 2017-03-28 | Otonomy, Inc. | Controlled release antimicrobial compositions and methods for the treatment of otic disorders |
US11369566B2 (en) | 2008-07-21 | 2022-06-28 | Alk-Abelló, Inc. | Controlled release antimicrobial compositions and methods for the treatment of otic disorders |
KR101213046B1 (ko) | 2012-09-18 | 2012-12-18 | 국방과학연구소 | 연료 개질기의 제어 방법 |
US9212057B2 (en) | 2012-09-18 | 2015-12-15 | Agency For Defense Development | Method for controlling fuel reformer |
KR101452069B1 (ko) | 2012-12-18 | 2014-10-16 | 포스코에너지 주식회사 | 연료전지용 전개질기 |
WO2015080230A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-04 | 京セラ株式会社 | 改質器、セルスタック装置、燃料電池モジュールおよび燃料電池装置 |
JPWO2015080230A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-27 | 2017-03-16 | 京セラ株式会社 | 改質器、セルスタック装置、燃料電池モジュールおよび燃料電池装置 |
US11040004B2 (en) | 2016-09-16 | 2021-06-22 | Otonomy, Inc. | Otic gel formulations for treating otitis externa |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1935846A1 (en) | 2008-06-25 |
CA2622270A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
TW200728197A (en) | 2007-08-01 |
EP1935846A4 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
US7837858B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 |
US20090223861A1 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
CA2622270C (en) | 2012-07-17 |
TWI398406B (zh) | 2013-06-11 |
JP5124277B2 (ja) | 2013-01-23 |
JPWO2007034989A1 (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
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