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  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Definitions

• the present invention relates to substituted sulphonamide compounds, to pharmaceutical formulations comprising these compounds, and to the use of the compounds for the prophylaxis and treatment of medical conditions relating to obesity, type II diabetes, and/ or disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), to achieve reduction of body weight and of body weight gain, as well as for cosmetic use.
• CNS central nervous system
• Obesity is a condition characterized by an increase in body fat content resulting in excess body weight above accepted norms. Obesity is the most important nutritional disorder in the western world and represents a major health problem in all industrialized countries. This disorder leads to increased mortality due to increased incidences of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, digestive disease, respiratory disease, cancer and type II diabetes. Searching for compounds, which reduce body weight has been going on for many decades.
• One line of research has been activation of serotoninergic systems, either by direct activation of serotonin receptor subtypes or by inhibiting serotonin reuptake. The exact receptor subtype profile required is however not known.
• Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT), a key transmitter of the peripheral and central nervous system, modulates a wide range of physiological and pathological functions, including anxiety, sleep regulation, aggression, feeding and depression.
• Multiple serotonin receptor subtypes have been identified and cloned.
• One of these, the 5-HT5 receptor was cloned by several groups in 1993 (Ruat, M. et al. (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.193: 268-276; Sebben, M. et al. (1994) NeuroReport 5: 2553-2557). This receptor is positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase and displays affinity for antidepressants such as clozapine.
• WO 2004/000828 and WO 02/ 100822 both in the name of Biovitrum AB, disclose sulphonamide derivatives that bind to the 5-HT5 receptor and that can be used for the treatment of medical conditions relating to obesity, type II diabetes, and/ or CNS disorders.
• Figure 1 represents the effects of treatment with Example 1 on body weight.
• Figure 2 represents the effects of treatment with Example 1 on food consumption.
• the compounds of formula (I) show affinity and selectivity for the 5-HT5 receptor as antagonists at low nanomolar range, which affinity and selectivity is unexpectedly high compared to compounds covered by prior art.
• Compounds according to the invention and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have 5-HT5 receptor antagonist, agonist and partial agonist activity and are believed to be of potential use in the treatment or prophylaxis of obesity and type II diabetes, to achieve reduction of body weight and of body weight gain, as well as in the treatment or prophylaxis of disorders of the central nervous system such as anxiety, depression, panic attacks, memory disorders, cognitive disorders, sleep disorders, migraine, anorexia, bulimia, binge disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, psychoses, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and/ or schizophrenia, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorders (ADHD), drug abuse.
• ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorders
• body weight disorders refers to the disorders caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, resulting in abnormal body (e.g., excessive) weight. Such body weight disorders include obesity.
• One object of the present invention is a compound of Formula (I):
• R 1 is methoxy and R 2 is methyl; or R 1 is methoxy and R 2 is hydroxymethyl; or R 1 is hydroxyl and R 2 is methyl.
• the compounds of Formula (I) may be used as such or, where appropriate, as pharmacologically acceptable salts (acid or base addition salts) thereof.
• pharmacologically acceptable addition salts as mentioned above are meant to comprise the therapeutically active non-toxic acid and base addition salt forms that the compounds are able to form.
• Compounds that have basic properties can be converted to their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts by treating the base form with an appropriate acid.
• Exemplary acids include inorganic acids, such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid; and organic acids such as acetic acid, propanoic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, glycolic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, benzenesulphonic acid, toluenesulphonic acid, methanesulphonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, salicylic acid, p-aminosalicylic acid, pamoic acid, benzoic acid, ascorbic acid and the like.
• organic acids such as acetic acid, propanoic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, glycolic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, benzenesulphonic acid, toluenesulphonic acid, methan
• Exemplary base addition salt forms are the sodium, potassium, calcium salts, and salts with pharmaceutically acceptable amines such as, for example, ammonia, alkylamines, benzathine, and amino acids, such as, e.g. arginine and lysine.
• the term addition salt as used herein also comprises solvates which the compounds and salts thereof are able to form, such as, for example, hydrates, alcoholates and the like.
• the compounds of the invention are formulated into pharmaceutical formulations for oral, rectal, parenteral or other mode of administration.
• Pharmaceutical formulations are usually prepared by mixing the active substance, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with conventional pharmaceutical excipients.
• the formulations can be further prepared by known methods such as granulation, compression, microencapsulation, spray coating, etc.
• the formulations may be prepared by conventional methods in the dosage form of tablets, capsules, granules, powders, syrups, suspensions, suppositories or injections.
• Liquid formulations may be prepared by dissolving or suspending the active substance in water or other suitable vehicles. Tablets and granules may be coated in a conventional manner.
• Another object of the present invention is a compound above for use in therapy.
• Another object of the present invention is a compound above for use in the treatment or prohylaxis of a 5-HT5 receptor related disorder, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and/ or CNS disorders, to achieve reduction of body weight and of body weight gain.
• a 5-HT5 receptor related disorder such as obesity, type II diabetes, and/ or CNS disorders
• Another object of the present invention is a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound above as an active ingredient, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
• Another object of the present invention is a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound above for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of a 5-HT5 receptor related disorder, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and/or disorders of the central nervous system, to achieve reduction of body weight and of body weight gain.
• a 5-HT5 receptor related disorder such as obesity, type II diabetes, and/or disorders of the central nervous system
• Another object of the present invention is a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a 5-HT5 receptor related disorder, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and/ or disorders of the central nervous system, to achieve reduction of body weight and of body weight gain, which comprises administering to a subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound above.
• a method for modulating 5-HT5 receptor activity comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound above.
• Another object of the present invention is the use of a compound above for the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of a 5-HT5 receptor related disorder, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and/or disorders of the central nervous system, to achieve reduction of body weight and of body weight gain.
• a 5-HT5 receptor related disorder such as obesity, type II diabetes, and/or disorders of the central nervous system
• disorders of the central nervous system are cognitive disorders including Alzheimer ' s disease and cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia.
• the methods delineated herein can also include the step of identifying that the subject is in need of treatment of obesity, type II diabetes, or disorders of the central nervous system, or in need of reducing body weight and of body weight gain.
• the invention further relates to cosmetic use of one or more compounds of any of the formulae described herein, for causing loss of weight, as well as cosmetic formulations containing said compounds.
• the invention relates to a non-therapeutic metod for improving the bodily appearance of a mammal, including a human, in which the method comprises orally administering to said mammal one or more compounds of any of the formulae described herein.
• An effective amount refers to an amount of a compound that confers a therapeutic effect on the treated subject.
• the therapeutic effect may be objective (i.e., measurable by some test or marker) or subjective (i.e., subject gives an indication of or feels an effect).
• the compounds of the invention are formulated into pharmaceutical formulations for oral, rectal, parenteral or other mode of administration.
• amount of active compounds is between 0.1-95% by weight of the preparation, preferably between 0.2-20% by weight in preparations for parenteral use and preferably between 1 and 50% by weight in preparations for oral administration.
• the typical daily dose of the active substance varies within a wide range and will depend on various factors such as, for example, the individual requirement of each patient and the route of administration.
• oral and parenteral dosages will be in the range of 50 to 300 mg per day of active substance, preferably 50 to 150 mg per day.
• the invention relates to methods of making compounds of any of the formulae herein comprising reacting any one or more of the compounds of the formulae delineated herein, including any processes delineated herein.
• the compounds of the formulae above may be prepared by, or in analogy with, conventional methods, and especially according to or in analogy with the following methods.
• the chemicals used in the above-described synthetic route may include, for example, solvents, reagents, catalysts, protecting group and deprotecting group reagents.
• the methods described above may also additionally include steps, either before or after the steps described specifically herein, to add or remove suitable protecting groups in order to ultimately allow synthesis of the compounds of any of the formulae described above, their salt forms, or formulations that include the compounds or their salt forms.
• various synthetic steps may be performed in an alternate sequence or order to give the desired compounds.
• Synthetic chemistry transformations and protecting group methodologies (protection and deprotection) useful in synthesizing applicable compounds are known in the art and include, for example, those described in R. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers (1989); T.W.
• Example 1 was prepared as follows:
• 7-iodo-N-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)- l-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide is produced starting from 2,3-dihydrobensofuran. Treatment with chlorosulfonic acid gives the corresponding sulfonyl chloride, which is iodinated using iodine monochloride. Aromatization is done using NBS, resulting in 7-iodo-N-(2- methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-l-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide after treatment with cresidine.
• the ability of a compound according to the invention to bind a 5-HT5 receptor, and to be pharmaceutically useful, can be determined using in vivo and in vitro assays known in the art.
• Binding affinity experiment for the 5-HT5 receptor are performed in HEK293 cells transfected with 5-HT5 receptor using (3H)-LSD as labeled ligand according to the general method as described by Boess F. G et al. Neuropharmacology vol. 36(4/5) 713-720, 1997. Materials
• the HEK-293 cell line transfected with the 5-HT5 receptor was cultured in
• the cells were passaged 1: 10, twice a week.
• Buffer The binding buffer consisted of 20 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl 2 , and 1 mM, EDTA, pH 7.4.
• Frozen cell membranes were thawed, immediately rehomogenized with a Polytron homogenizer, and coupled to SPA wheat germ agglutinin beads (Amersham Life Sciences, Cambridge, England) for 30 min under continuous shaking of the tubes. After coupling, the beads were centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1000 g, and subsequently suspended in 20 ml of binding buffer per 96-well plate The binding reaction was then initiated by adding radioligand and test compounds to the bead-membrane suspension. Following incubation at room temperature, the assay plates were subjected to scintillation counting.
• Protein concentrations were determined with BioRad Protein Assay (Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976;72:248- 54). Bovine serum albumin was used as standard.
• Antagonists to the 5-WTQ receptor were characterized by measuring inhibition of 5-HT induced increase in cAMP in HEK 293 cells expressing the human 5-HT5 receptor (see Boess et al. (1997) Neuropharmacology 36: 713-720). Briefly, HEK293/5-HT5 cells were seeded in polylysine coated 96-well plates at a density of 25,000 / well and grown in DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) (without phenol-red) containing 5% dialyzed Foetal Bovine Serum for 48 h at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator.
• DMEM Dynamic Eagle Medium
• Example 1 has a selective affinity to 5-HT5 receptors with Kj and ICso.corr values between 0.5 nM and 5 ⁇ M or display a % inhibition of [ 3 H] LSD > 20 % at 50 nM and is an antagonist, agonist or partial agonist at 5-HT5 .
• Example 1 shows good selectivity over 5-HTi a , 5-HT 2a , 5-HT 2a , 5-HT 2b , and 5-HT 2c (see Table 3 for values).
• Example 1 Additional assays were used for Example 1, see Table 1 Table 1 - Additional assays used for Example 1
• Example 1 was dissolved in 5 % (w/v) PEG 400, 0.2% Tween 80 +10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 6. The corresponding solution was used as vehicle. The stability of the solutions were checked upon storage for 14 days. Solutions were formulated twice a week and stored in freezer. The solutions were analysed for the actual concentrations and found similar between the two occasions.
• the high fat fed animals which gained the highest weight were selected. This population weighed 799 ⁇ 60 g.
• the selected forty-eight (48) rats were randomized and divided into five treatment groups in order to obtain as homogeneous groups according to body weight as possible. Each treatment group consisted of 12 rats: Group 1 - vehicle, Group 2 - Example 1 - 5 mg/kg (11 ⁇ mol/kg), Group 3 - Example 1 - 15 mg/kg (33 ⁇ mol/kg), Group 4 - Example 1 - 30 mg/kg (66 ⁇ mol/kg). Further nine (9) rats were allocated for measurement of compound exposure and pharmacokinetics at each dose group in parallel for the seventh and the twenryninth days.
• Test compound was administered orally once a day at 9-10 am in a volume of 2.5 ml/kg i.e.an average of 2 ml per (800 g) rat.
• Pellets and body were weighed each day in connection with the injections. Water bottles were weighed once a week. The weighings were done with a computer-assisted Mettler Toledo PR 5002 balance. All data were transferred into an Excel template.
• trunk blood was sampled for determination of serum glucose, insulin, leptin, free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, ALAT, ASAT and urea. Hematocrit was also determined. Epididymal white adipose tissue, liver and gastrocnemius muscle were dissected, and weighed.
• the food and water intake, and body weight data are calculated in gram and % of basal and expressed as mean +/- SD and/ or +/-SEM.
• the basal value at the day before (day 0) the start of treatment was considered representative since averaging the values over all pretreatment days did not change the results.
• the data of body weight and food intake was statistically analysed by two-way univariate ANOVA with repeated measurements (treatment x time) followed by one-way ANOVA for comparison between treatment groups at selected time points.
• Clinical chemistry measurements were analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnetts t-test for test of significance of treatment groups versus vehicle control. A difference between two groups was considered significant if P ⁇ 0.05.
• Statistical evaluation was performed using SPSS for Windows.
• the aim of the long-term study was to study whether a prolonged treatment period for four weeks may result in maintained body weight reduction and further be able to determine the minimum effective dose.
• the doses were selected based on earlier acute and long-term studies with Example 1.
• the reduction in body weight were 3.9, 3.7 and 6.9% for the doses 5, 15 and 15 mg/kg respectively (Dunnetts t-test P ⁇ 0.001 for all groups vs vehicle) (See Table 2).
• Body weight gain is calculated as day 28-initial; Reduction means grams or % reduction versus vehicle at day 28. P values are based on Basal values (%) using Dunnetts t-test.
• the effect on food intake attenuated during the days 8 to 14 but remained decreased during the rest of the treatment period, although not statistically significant (Groups F(3, 42) 2.459; P ⁇ 0.076).
• the mean reduction over days 15 to 28 was 7-12 % but only the highest dose reached statistical significance (P ⁇ 0.035).
• Example 148 N-(7-piperazin-l-yl-benzofuran-5-yl)-l- naphthylsulphonamide, hydrochloride) in WO 02/ 100822.
• Example 148 the NH-part of the sulphonamide group is bonded to the benzofurane ring.
• Example 1 has a superior selectivity for 5-HT6 to 5-HT2a, 5- HT2b and 5-HT2c compared to Example 148 disclosed in WO 02/ 100822.
• the Ki- binding for the latter receptors should be at least 100 fold vs. 5-HT6 binding.
• Example 1 both has a superior selectivity for 5-HT6 to 5- HTIa, 5-HTlb, 5-HT2a, 5-HT2b and 5-HT2c and superior ⁇ l, ⁇ 2, K (KOP) and 5- HT3 inhibition values compared to Compounds A and B covered by WO 2004/000828.
• Example 1 has a superior selectivity for 5-HT6 to 5-HT2a, 5- HT2b and 5-HT2c compared to compounds A and B covered by WO 2004/000828.

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