WO2006095502A1 - 電圧制御発振器および電圧制御発振器の周波数制御方法 - Google Patents
電圧制御発振器および電圧制御発振器の周波数制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006095502A1 WO2006095502A1 PCT/JP2006/301181 JP2006301181W WO2006095502A1 WO 2006095502 A1 WO2006095502 A1 WO 2006095502A1 JP 2006301181 W JP2006301181 W JP 2006301181W WO 2006095502 A1 WO2006095502 A1 WO 2006095502A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1231—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more bipolar transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
- H03B5/1212—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
- H03B5/1212—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair
- H03B5/1215—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair the current source or degeneration circuit being in common to both transistors of the pair, e.g. a cross-coupled long-tailed pair
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/124—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/1262—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising switched elements
- H03B5/1265—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising switched elements switched capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/1293—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator having means for achieving a desired tuning characteristic, e.g. linearising the frequency characteristic across the tuning voltage range
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2201/00—Aspects of oscillators relating to varying the frequency of the oscillations
- H03B2201/02—Varying the frequency of the oscillations by electronic means
- H03B2201/025—Varying the frequency of the oscillations by electronic means the means being an electronic switch for switching in or out oscillator elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
- H03J2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to tuning resonant circuits and selecting resonant circuits
- H03J2200/10—Tuning of a resonator by means of digitally controlled capacitor bank
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and a frequency control method for a voltage-controlled oscillator, and more particularly, to a cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator used in a microwave and millimeter-wave band and a frequency control method for a voltage-controlled oscillator About.
- VCO voltage-controlled oscillator
- a cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator (hereinafter referred to as a cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator) has been used in the microwave / millimeter-wave band.
- a cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator is a circuit that changes the oscillation frequency by controlling the voltage supplied to the control terminal.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator usually includes a power supply terminal and a control terminal. A fixed voltage is supplied to the power supply terminal, and a control voltage for controlling the oscillation frequency is supplied to the control terminal.
- capacitor is simply referred to as “capacitance”.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a conventional cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator of this conventional example includes a power supply terminal 1 to which a positive power supply voltage Vcc is supplied, and a control terminal to which a control voltage V for controlling an oscillation frequency is supplied.
- the LC tanks 10a and 10b are resonance circuits including variable capacitors 8a and 8b and inductors 9a and 9b.
- the power supply voltage Vcc is supplied from the common power supply terminal 1 to the collector and base terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b via the LC tanks 10a and 10b.
- a common voltage is supplied from the LC tank 1 Oa to the collector terminal of the cross-coupled transistor 5a and the base terminal of the cross-coupled transistor 5b.
- a common voltage is supplied from the LC tank 10b to the base terminal of the transistor 5a.
- an emitter-coupled differential amplifier is formed by cross-coupling the base terminals and collector terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b.
- the collector terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b are connected to each other via the LC tanks 10a and 10b.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator of the conventional example is configured as described above, and as a result, positive feedback is obtained.
- the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b are turned on alternately.
- the LC tanks 10a and 10b are excited and oscillate.
- the control voltage V cont supplied to the control terminal 2 is changed, the capacities of the variable capacitors 8a and 8b are changed. Thereby, the oscillation frequency of the signal output from the output terminals 3a and 3b is controlled as shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the control voltage V supplied to the control terminal 2
- the vertical axis represents the output terminals 3a, cont
- 3 is a graph showing the oscillation frequency f of the signal output from 3b. Such characteristics are called the input / output characteristics of a cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator. Also, a certain control voltage determined including the characteristics of the external circuit is called the center voltage V, and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the center voltage V is
- the input / output characteristics of FIG. 2 have a downward-sloping characteristic, but can also be an upward-sloping characteristic.
- the direction of the varicap diodes and the polarity of the voltage applied to the variable capacitors 8a and 8b can be reversed so that the characteristics increase to the right. it can.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator of the present invention can obtain both the right-down and right-up characteristics, but the description regarding the down-right and up-right characteristics will be omitted below.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing another configuration example of a conventional cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing still another configuration example of a conventional cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator according to the conventional example has a negative power supply voltage V Is supplied to the power supply terminal 101, and the control voltage V for controlling the oscillation frequency is supplied.
- Control terminal 2 output terminals 3a, 3b, cross-coupled transistors 5a, 5b with collector and base terminals cross-coupled to each other, DC blocking capacitors 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b for blocking DC current, LC tank 10a, 10b, a resistor 117 that connects the emitter terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b to the power supply terminal 101, and ground resistors 33a and 33b that ground the base terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b.
- the LC tanks 10a and 10b are resonance circuits including variable capacitors 8a and 8b and inductors 9a and 9b.
- the negative power supply voltage V is supplied from the power supply terminal 101 through the resistor 117 to the emitter terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b, and the ground resistances 33a and 33b are supplied to the base terminals.
- a voltage determined by the base current is supplied. Changes the voltage V supplied to control terminal 2.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing still another configuration example of a conventional cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator of the conventional example has a negative power supply voltage V
- Control terminal 2 output terminals 3a, 3b, cross-coupled transistors 5a, 5b with collector and base terminals cross-coupled to each other, DC blocking capacitors 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b for blocking DC current, LC tank 10a, 10b, a resistor 117 that connects the emitter terminal of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b to the power supply terminal 101, a resistor 35a and 35b that connects the base terminal of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b to the power supply terminal 101, and the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b It consists of grounding resistors 34a and 34b that ground the base terminal of
- the LC tanks 10a and 10b are resonance circuits including variable capacitors 8a and 8b and inductors 9a and 9b.
- the power supply voltage V is supplied from the power supply terminal 101 through the resistor 117 to the emitter terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b, and the base terminal is supplied with power from the power supply terminal 101.
- Source voltage V is grounded resistor 34a and resistor 35a (or grounded resistor 34b and resistor 35b)
- variable capacitors 8a and 8b changes. As a result, it is output from the output terminals 3a and 3b.
- the oscillation frequency of the signal is controlled as shown in Fig. 2.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing still another configuration example of a conventional cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator of the conventional example has a negative power supply voltage V
- Control terminal 2 output terminals 3a, 3b, cross-coupled transistors 5a, 5b with collector and base terminals cross-coupled to each other, DC blocking capacitors 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b for blocking DC current, LC tank 10a, 10b, a resistor 117 that connects the emitter terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b to the power supply terminal 101, ground resistors 33a and 33b that ground the base terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b, and a capacitor bank 36.
- the LC tanks 10a and 10b are resonance circuits including variable capacitors 8a and 8b and inductors 9a and 9b.
- the capacity bank 36 is composed of a plurality (n) of capacitors 37a and 37b and a switch 38.
- the negative power supply voltage V is supplied from the power supply terminal 101 through the resistor 117 to the emitter terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b, and the ground resistances 33a and 3 are supplied to the base terminals.
- a voltage determined by 3b and the base current is supplied.
- the control voltage V supplied to the control terminal 2 is changed, the capacities of the variable capacitors 8a and 8b are changed. As a result, output terminals 3a, 3 cont
- the oscillation frequency of the signal output from b is controlled as shown in Fig. 2. Further, the center frequency f 0 is discretely controlled according to the combination of the on / off states of the plurality of switches 38 of the capacity bank 36. As a result, as shown in Fig. 7, a plurality of discretely controlled input / output characteristics can be obtained.
- the horizontal axis represents the control voltage V supplied to the control terminal 2
- the vertical axis represents the output terminals 3a
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the oscillation frequency f of the signal output from 3b.
- the input / output characteristics in Fig. 7 show that the cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator of this conventional example performs discrete multiband operation.
- conventional techniques for discretely controlling input / output characteristics there are techniques disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2004-120215 and 2004-159222.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing still another configuration example of a conventional cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator of this conventional example has a negative power supply voltage V Is supplied to the power supply terminal 101, and the control voltage V for controlling the oscillation frequency is supplied.
- Control terminal 2 output terminals 3a, 3b, cross-coupled transistors 5a, 5b with collector and base terminals cross-coupled to each other, DC blocking capacitors 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b for blocking DC current, LC tank 110a, 110b, a resistor 117 for connecting the emitter terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b to the power supply terminal 101, and a ground resistor 33a and 33b for grounding the base terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b.
- the LC tanks 110a and 110b are resonance circuits configured by variable capacitors 8a and 8b and variable inductors 39a and 39b.
- the negative power supply voltage V is supplied from the power supply terminal 101 through the resistor 117 to the emitter terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b, and the base terminal has a ground resistance.
- a voltage determined by 33a and 33b and the base current is supplied.
- the control voltage V supplied to the control terminal 2 is changed, the capacity of the variable capacitors 8a and 8b is changed. As a result, the output end
- the oscillation frequency of the signals output from the children 3a and 3b is controlled as shown in FIG. Furthermore, by controlling the inductor values of the variable inductors 39a and 39b, the center frequency f is continuously increased.
- the horizontal axis represents the control voltage V supplied to the control terminal 2
- the vertical axis represents the output terminals 3a
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the oscillation frequency f of the signal output from 3b.
- the input / output characteristics in Fig. 9 indicate that the cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator of this conventional example performs continuous multiband operation.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 4, and 5 can obtain only one input / output characteristic as shown in FIG.
- these cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillators are single-band oscillators, so they cannot achieve multiband operation.
- PLL phase-locked loop
- multiband frequency bands
- CDR clock data recovery
- this cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator requires a capacitor bank composed of a plurality of capacitors and a switcher, so that the circuit becomes complicated. Therefore, it is difficult for this cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator to realize multi-band operation, particularly in an ultrahigh frequency band such as a millimeter wave band.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator shown in FIG. 8 can achieve a multiband operation because a plurality of continuous input / output characteristics can be obtained.
- variable inductors are usually implemented using technologies such as MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)
- this cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator has a complex structure and production process. For this reason, this cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator is not suitable particularly in the ultrahigh frequency band such as the millimeter wave band.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a voltage controlled oscillator and a frequency control method for the voltage controlled oscillator that can obtain a plurality of continuous input / output characteristics over a wide band with a simple configuration. .
- the present invention is applied to a voltage controlled oscillator that includes a frequency control terminal, a variable capacitor, and a transistor, and that varies an output frequency in accordance with a voltage supplied from the frequency control terminal.
- the voltage controlled oscillator of the present invention changes the characteristics of the transistor and the first frequency control terminal supplied with a voltage for controlling the output frequency by changing the capacitance of the variable capacitor as the frequency control terminal. And a second frequency control terminal to which a voltage for controlling the center frequency of the output frequency is supplied.
- the center frequency of the output frequency is controlled by the second frequency control terminal force supplied voltage only by controlling the output frequency by the voltage supplied by the first frequency control terminal force. Therefore, a plurality of continuous input / output characteristics can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a conventional voltage controlled oscillator.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a single band operation of a voltage controlled oscillator.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing another configuration example of a conventional voltage controlled oscillator.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing still another configuration example of a conventional voltage controlled oscillator.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing still another configuration example of a conventional voltage controlled oscillator.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing still another configuration example of a conventional voltage controlled oscillator.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a discrete multiband operation of a voltage controlled oscillator.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing still another configuration example of a conventional voltage controlled oscillator.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining continuous multiband operation of a voltage controlled oscillator.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a voltage controlled oscillator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a voltage controlled oscillator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the results of simulating input / output characteristics in the voltage controlled oscillator of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the result of simulating the change in oscillation output with respect to the center frequency control voltage in the voltage controlled oscillator of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the result of simulating the change of the center frequency with respect to the center frequency control voltage in the voltage controlled oscillator of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a voltage controlled oscillator according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a voltage controlled oscillator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a voltage controlled oscillator according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a phase-locked loop circuit to which the voltage controlled oscillator of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a clock data recovery circuit to which the voltage controlled oscillator of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing another configuration example of the phase-locked loop circuit to which the voltage controlled oscillator of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing another configuration example of a clock data recovery circuit to which the voltage controlled oscillator of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator according to the present embodiment is supplied with a power supply terminal 101 to which a negative power supply voltage V is supplied and a control voltage V for controlling the oscillation frequency.
- EE cont controlled terminal 2 output terminals 3a and 3b for outputting a signal with variable oscillation frequency
- cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b in which the collector terminal and base terminal are cross-coupled to each other, direct current that cuts off DC current Breaking capacitors 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, LC tanks 10a, 10b as resonant circuits, resistors 117 for connecting the emitter terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a, 5b to the power supply terminal 101, a grounding capacitor 18 for grounding the power supply terminal 101, and
- the center frequency control circuit 16 is connected to the base terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b.
- the LC tanks 10a and 10b are resonance circuits including variable capacitors 8a and 8b and inductors 9a and 9b.
- the center frequency control circuit 16 includes resistors 11a and l ib, a grounding capacitor 12, a center frequency control terminal 4, and a voltage dividing circuit 15.
- the voltage dividing circuit 15 includes resistors 13 and 14.
- the voltage dividing circuit 15 takes in the center frequency control voltage V supplied from the center frequency control terminal 4 by dividing it with resistors 13 and 14. Resistance 11a, l ib
- a grounding capacitor 12 and one end of a voltage dividing circuit 15 are connected to a connection point between the other ends.
- the other end of the voltage dividing circuit 15 is connected to the center frequency control terminal 4.
- the control terminal 2 constitutes a first frequency control terminal or constitutes a first frequency control means.
- the center frequency control terminal 4 constitutes a second frequency control terminal, and the center frequency control circuit 16 constitutes a second frequency control means.
- the DC operating points of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b are the power supply voltage V supplied from the power supply terminal 101 through the resistor 117 and the center frequency control terminal 4 through the center frequency control circuit 16.
- the collector terminal of a and the base terminal of the cross-coupled transistor 5b are connected by a DC blocking capacitor 6a. Separated in direct current. Further, the collector terminal of the cross-coupled transistor 5b and the base terminal of the cross-coupled transistor 5a are separated in a DC manner by the DC blocking capacitor 6b. In addition, the collector terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b and the external circuit are DC-isolated by the DC blocking capacitors 7a and 7b. Further, the center frequency control circuit 16 and the collector terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b are DC-isolated by the DC blocking capacitors 6a and 6b.
- phase-locked loop circuit PLL
- CDR clock 'data recovery circuit
- the base voltage tune of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b is adjusted by the center frequency control voltage V supplied from the center frequency control terminal 4 via the center frequency control circuit 16.
- the base terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b are separated from each other in high frequency by resistors 11a and ib. Furthermore, in order to avoid the influence of the impedance fluctuation of the external circuit connected to the center frequency control terminal 4, a grounding capacitor 12 is provided.
- the oscillation frequency f strongly depends on the characteristics of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b, particularly the junction capacitance between the base and collector terminals. Therefore, by adopting such a configuration, the center frequency f
- the center frequency control voltage V tune changes the center frequency f with respect to the center voltage V, and the input / output characteristics are continuously controlled.
- the oscillation frequency f strongly depends on the characteristics of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b, particularly the junction capacitance between the base and collector terminals, as described above. For this reason, the influence of the voltage fluctuation of the center frequency control voltage V or the center frequency control circuit 16 Oscillation operation is likely to be unstable due to the influence of external noise mixed therein. In order to suppress these influences, a voltage dividing circuit 15 is provided in the present embodiment.
- the problem of fluctuating often arises. According to the study by the inventors, it has been found that this problem can be avoided by selecting an appropriate value for the resistor 117 for supplying power. This appropriate value is usually not large enough for high frequency isolation from external circuitry. Accordingly, in order to avoid fluctuations in the impedance of the external circuit, the ground capacitance 18 is provided in this embodiment.
- a multiband operation over a wide band can be realized with a simple configuration while maintaining stability against fluctuations in power supply voltage and external noise.
- the output fluctuation at this time can be avoided at the same time.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the same parts as those in the first embodiment in FIG. 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- inductors 9a and 9b in the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator shown in FIG. 10 are replaced with transmission lines 19a and 19b.
- the method of realizing the inductor component on the transmission line is suitable!
- the oscillation frequency was set to around 40 GHz on the assumption that it will be applied to a data recovery circuit that can handle 39.8Gbps and 43.0Gbps bit rates.
- HBT heterojunction bipolar transistor
- InP indium phosphorus
- Figure 12 shows the input and output when the center frequency control voltage V is 0.4V, 3.4V, and 6.4V.
- the uppermost part is the input / output when the center frequency control voltage V is 0.4V.
- the characteristics are shown.
- the center frequency f is
- the gain K of the voltage controlled oscillator (the change of the oscillation frequency f with respect to the control voltage V
- the center frequency f power is 8GHz
- the gain K of the voltage controlled oscillator is 271
- Fig. 13 shows a simulation of the change in oscillation output (dBm) with respect to the center frequency control voltage V (V).
- the oscillation output is held almost constant with respect to tune.
- Fig. 14 shows the change of the center frequency f (GHz) with respect to the center frequency control voltage V (V).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a simulation result for each of a case where the voltage dividing circuit 15 is provided and a case where the voltage dividing circuit 15 is not provided.
- Fig. 14 the characteristics without the voltage divider shown by the black circles are as follows.
- the center frequency control voltage V changes from -0.5V to 0.5V
- the center frequency f changes to about 45GHz to 37GHz.
- the center frequency f changes from about 45 GHz to 37 GHz when the center frequency control voltage V changes from -10 V to L0 V. tune 0
- the rate of change of the center frequency f with respect to tu is approximately 8GHzZV (black circle; ne 0
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the same parts as those in the first embodiment in FIG. 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the resistors 11a and l ib in the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator shown in FIG. 10 are replaced with transmission lines 20a and 20b.
- the transmission lines 20a and 20b have an electrical length of 1Z4 wavelength at an arbitrary frequency within a predetermined oscillation frequency range, and preferably an electrical length of 1Z4 wavelength at a center frequency in the predetermined oscillation frequency range. Shall have.
- FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the same parts as those of the first embodiment of FIG. 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator of the present embodiment is configured such that the power supply terminal 1 that supplies a positive power supply voltage Vcc with respect to the ground potential is connected to the collector terminal side of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b.
- ground capacitors 21a and 21b are provided.
- This embodiment is an example of a positive power supply standard in which the polarity of the power supply voltage supplied from the power supply terminal 1 is positive.
- the DC operating points of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b are determined by the center frequency control voltage V ⁇ supplied from the center frequency control terminal 4 via the center frequency control circuit 16.
- the collector terminal of the differentially coupled transistor 5a and the base terminal of the cross-coupled transistor 5b are galvanically separated by the direct current blocking capacitor 6a. Further, the collector terminal of the cross-coupled transistor 5b and the base terminal of the cross-coupled transistor 5a are separated in a DC manner by the DC blocking capacitor 6b. The collector terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b and the external circuit are DC-isolated by the DC blocking capacitors 7a and 7b. The center frequency control circuit 16 is separated from the collector terminal side of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b in a DC manner by the DC blocking capacitors 6a and 6b. It is.
- the base power of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b is supplied by the center frequency control voltage V supplied from the center frequency control terminal 4 via the center frequency control circuit 16.
- the base terminals of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b are separated in high frequency by resistors 11a and ib. Furthermore, in order to avoid the influence of the impedance fluctuation of the external circuit connected to the center frequency control terminal 4, a grounding capacitor 12 is provided.
- the oscillation frequency f strongly depends on the characteristics of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b, particularly on the junction capacitance between the base and collector terminals. Therefore, it becomes possible to control the center frequency over a wide band by adopting such a configuration. That is, as shown in Fig. 9, continuous input / output characteristics over a wide band can be realized, and a wide range of multiband operation can be realized.
- the oscillation frequency f strongly depends on the characteristics of the cross-coupled transistors 5a and 5b, particularly the junction capacitance between the base and collector terminals, as described above. For this reason, the influence of the voltage fluctuation of the center frequency control voltage V or the center frequency control circuit 16
- a voltage dividing circuit 15 is provided in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the same parts as those in the fourth embodiment in FIG. 16 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the resistor 17 in the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator shown in FIG. Note that the operation of the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator of this embodiment is almost the same as that of the fourth embodiment, so that the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit to which the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator according to the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention is applied.
- PLL phase-locked loop
- the PLL circuit includes a signal input terminal 23, a signal output terminal 24, a phase comparison circuit 25, a loop filter (LPF) 26, and the first to fifth embodiments.
- Any one of the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillators 27 is configured.
- the output of the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator 27 is a differential output, the output terminals 3a and 3b are collectively shown as the output terminal 3 here for simplicity.
- the phase comparison circuit 25 compares the phase of the signal input from the signal input terminal 23 with the phase of the signal fed back from the output terminal 3 of the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator 27, and outputs the phase difference. . This output is input to the control terminal 2 of the cross-coupled voltage control oscillator 27 through the loop filter (LPF) 26.
- LPF loop filter
- the PLL circuit according to the present embodiment operates so that the phase of the signal input from the signal input terminal 23 matches the phase of the output signal of the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator 27.
- the PLL circuit according to the present embodiment can perform multiband operation by applying the center frequency control voltage V to the center frequency control terminal 4 of the voltage controlled oscillator 27.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a clock data recovery (CDR) circuit to which the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator according to the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention is applied.
- CDR clock data recovery
- the CDR circuit includes a phase comparison circuit 25, a loop filter (LPF) 26, and the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator 27 according to any of the first to fifth embodiments.
- LPF loop filter
- Data signal input terminal 28, playback clock signal output terminal 29, playback data signal output terminal It consists of a child 30, a delay circuit 31 that delays the phase by 90 ° (1Z2 bits), and a D-type flip-flop circuit 32.
- the output of the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator 27 is a differential output, the output terminals 3a and 3b are collectively shown as the output terminal 3 here for simplicity.
- the data signal input from the data signal input terminal 28 is input to the data input terminal D of the D-type flip-flop circuit 32 at the same time as it is input to the delay circuit 31.
- the signal fed back from the output terminal 3 of the cross-coupled voltage control oscillator 27 is input to the clock input terminal CLK of the D-type flip-flop circuit 32.
- the phase comparison circuit 25 compares the phase of the signal output from the delay circuit 31 with the signal output from the D-type flip-flop circuit 32 and outputs the phase difference. This output is input to the control terminal 2 of the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator 27 through a loop filter (LPF) 26.
- LPF loop filter
- the signal from the output terminal 3 of the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator 27 is output from the reproduction clock signal output terminal 29 as a reproduction clock signal.
- the CDR circuit according to the present embodiment enables multiband operation by applying the center frequency control voltage V to the center frequency control terminal 4 of the voltage controlled oscillator 27.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing another configuration example of a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit to which the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator according to the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention is applied.
- PLL phase-locked loop
- the connection between the control terminal 2 and the center frequency control terminal 4 of the voltage controlled oscillator 27 is exchanged as compared with the sixth embodiment in FIG. ing. That is, since the output frequency can be varied regardless of whether it is the control terminal 2 or the center frequency control terminal 4, it can be operated even if the roles of the control terminal 2 and the center frequency control terminal 4 are exchanged. Other details are the same as in the sixth embodiment, and a detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 21 shows the application of the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator according to the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing another configuration example of the clock 'data recovery (CDR) circuit.
- CDR clock 'data recovery
- the CDR circuit switches the connection between the control terminal 2 and the center frequency control terminal 4 of the voltage controlled oscillator 27 as compared with the seventh embodiment of FIG. Have changed. That is, since the output frequency can be varied regardless of whether it is the control terminal 2 or the center frequency control terminal 4, it can be operated even if the roles of the control terminal 2 and the center frequency control terminal 4 are exchanged. Other details are the same as in the seventh embodiment, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator, the PLL circuit, and the CDR circuit of the first to ninth embodiments are a mobile communication device such as a mobile phone, a receiver such as a television receiver, and a radio receiver. , Displays with TV's, various video devices (display devices), various computer devices including personal computers, data transmission devices, other various electronic devices, etc. Can be used.
- the cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator, the PLL circuit, and the CDR circuit of the first to ninth embodiments can be manufactured as a one-chip semiconductor device (semiconductor device) such as an IC. Then, it can be supplied as an inexpensive part to each application field.
- an npn transistor is used as a cross-coupled transistor.
- a pnp transistor can also be used.
- the resolution of the minimum bit (for example, 8-bit signal) In the case of an issue, discrete operations are performed within the range of 1Z256). This is because in the above embodiment, it is assumed that the voltage is continuously supplied, and the frequency change is also continuous.
- the present invention can be widely used as a voltage controlled oscillator capable of continuous multiband operation in an electronic device to which the voltage controlled oscillator is applied.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/885,859 US7652544B2 (en) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-01-26 | Voltage controlled oscillator and frequency control method of the voltage controlled oscillator |
| JP2007506999A JPWO2006095502A1 (ja) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-01-26 | 電圧制御発振器および電圧制御発振器の周波数制御方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005063651 | 2005-03-08 | ||
| JP2005-063651 | 2005-03-08 |
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| WO2006095502A1 true WO2006095502A1 (ja) | 2006-09-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/301181 Ceased WO2006095502A1 (ja) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-01-26 | 電圧制御発振器および電圧制御発振器の周波数制御方法 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7652544B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2006095502A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006095502A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
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| WO2009096413A1 (ja) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-06 | Nec Corporation | 電圧制御発振器、位相ロックループ回路、クロック・データ再生回路及び制御方法 |
| JP2010010864A (ja) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-01-14 | Nec Corp | 電圧制御発振器 |
| JP2012253561A (ja) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-12-20 | Handotai Rikougaku Kenkyu Center:Kk | 電圧制御発振器 |
| JP2016106481A (ja) * | 2009-05-07 | 2016-06-16 | クゥアルコム・インコーポレイテッドQualcomm Incorporated | Vco周波数チューニングのための、オーバーラップする2セグメントキャパシタバンク |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4430685B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-26 | 2010-03-10 | 株式会社半導体理工学研究センター | 高周波発振回路、位相同期ループ回路、半導体装置及び通信装置 |
| US7978015B2 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-07-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Oscillator with reduced phase noise characteristics |
| US8912854B2 (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2014-12-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Structure for an inductor-capacitor voltage-controlled oscillator |
| US20150303974A1 (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2015-10-22 | Skyworks Solutions, Inc. | Independent Multi-Band Tuning |
| CN112557339A (zh) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-03-26 | 天津大学 | 一种双频率太赫兹近场成像系统及方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7652544B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 |
| US20080150644A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
| JPWO2006095502A1 (ja) | 2008-08-14 |
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