WO2006090877A1 - X線ct装置 - Google Patents
X線ct装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006090877A1 WO2006090877A1 PCT/JP2006/303624 JP2006303624W WO2006090877A1 WO 2006090877 A1 WO2006090877 A1 WO 2006090877A1 JP 2006303624 W JP2006303624 W JP 2006303624W WO 2006090877 A1 WO2006090877 A1 WO 2006090877A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ray
- projection data
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013144 data compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013558 reference substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/542—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis involving control of exposure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an X-ray source current (hereinafter referred to as an X-ray tube current) supplied to an X-ray source (hereinafter referred to as an X-ray tube) that determines an X-ray irradiation intensity to an imaging region of a subject.
- the present invention relates to an improvement in an X-ray CT system that performs control according to the position of the specimen in the body axis direction.
- the image quality of an image obtained by an X-ray CT apparatus is determined by factors such as spatial resolution and noise contained in the image. Of these factors, image noise mainly depends on the intensity of transmitted X-rays.
- the intensity of the transmitted X-ray is determined by the intensity of the irradiated X-ray and the X-ray transmission length of the cross-section of the subject.
- the intensity of the irradiated X-ray is determined by the current supplied to the X-ray tube.
- Absorption of the cross-section of the imaging area of the subject is determined by the transmission length in the front-rear direction (hereinafter also referred to as the “front-rear direction”) and the lateral direction thereof (hereinafter also referred to as the “left-right direction”) if the shape of the human body is an ellipse. It depends on the difference. Reduction of transmitted X-ray intensity increases the ratio of noise to the transmitted X-ray intensity signal.
- Patent Document 1 The technique for improving the transmission X-ray intensity reduction is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.
- This document improves the reduction of transmitted X-ray intensity by the following procedure. First, scan the scanogram data taken prior to the measurement of the tomographic image for diagnosis (also called “main scan”), and use the analyzed scanogram image data to model the three-dimensional transmission length of the subject. Is generated. Next, an X-ray tube current change pattern corresponding to the imaging region of the subject is set based on the generated three-dimensional transmission length model and the scan conditions of the main scan.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-263097
- the X-ray tube current control value is set based on the generated scanogram, and in the scanogram, the X-ray attenuation of the subject is large for each tissue such as bone or soft tissue.
- tissue such as bone or soft tissue.
- X-ray absorption differs. For example, in areas such as shoulders with many bones, the transmitted X-ray intensity is insufficient. Thus, when the transmitted X-ray intensity is insufficient, the amount of noise for the transmitted X-ray intensity signal increases.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an X-ray CT apparatus capable of obtaining a high-quality tomographic image even at a site where a variation in transmitted X-ray intensity of a subject is large.
- Control means for collecting projection data for directions, reconstructing the collected projection data to generate a tomographic image of the subject, and controlling the X-ray source and the rotation means;
- An X-ray CT apparatus having display means for displaying the generated tomogram, and reconstructing the tomogram for analysis at the imaging region of the subject from the projection data, and reconstructing the tomogram Projection data analysis means that re-projects the image to generate a control profile
- a tube current control means for controlling a current value supplied to the X-ray tube based on the generated control profile.
- a high-quality tomographic image can be obtained even at a site where the variation in the transmitted X-ray intensity of the subject is large.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an X-ray CT apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining a first embodiment of the projection data analyzing apparatus applied in the tube current control unit of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the flow of tube current control processing applied in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 (A) is a reconstructed tomographic image for analysis reconstructed on the basis of projection data of an imaging region of a subject having a relatively small amount of bone by the projection data analysis apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG.
- B is a diagram for explaining an image after threshold processing of a reconstructed tomographic image for analysis and an X direction bone attenuation profile B obtained by reprojecting the image in the X direction.
- FIG. 5 (A) is a reconstructed tomographic image for analysis reconstructed based on the projection data of the imaging region of a subject having many bones by the projection data analysis apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a timing chart for explaining each process executed by the projection data analyzing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 together with the start of the main scan by the X-ray CT apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 X direction taken along the body axis direction of each of the three tissues, soft tissue, bone, and lung field, from the reconstructed image for analysis of the subject obtained by the projection data analyzer , Schematic diagram showing the result of reprojection in the Y direction together with the scanogram of the corresponding part of the subject.
- the X-ray CT apparatus 1 measures the projection data of the subject while controlling the X-ray tube current according to the X-ray tube position ( ⁇ , Z). Note that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference symbols throughout the drawings for describing the embodiments, and the repetitive description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of an X-ray CT apparatus 1 of the present embodiment.
- the X-ray CT apparatus 1 includes a scanner 10, a host computer 20 connected to the scanner 10, an operation unit 24 and a display device 30 connected to the host computer 20. First, the components of the scanner 10 will be described.
- the X-ray tube 11 irradiates the subject with X-rays.
- the X-ray detector 12 is arranged opposite to the X-ray tube 11 and detects X-rays transmitted through the subject.
- a data measurement system (DAS (Data Acquisition System) 13 calculates projection data by performing predetermined data processing on the transmitted X-rays detected by the X-ray detector 12.
- the X-ray high voltage device 14 is an X-ray tube.
- the voltage, current, and power supply time (corresponding to the X-ray irradiation time) can be set by the operation unit 24 described later.
- the voltage applied from the power supply is the tube voltage
- the current is referred to as the tube current
- the data transmitter 15 transfers data between the rotating system and the stationary system, and includes a slip ring and brush, or a rotating transformer, etc.
- the scanner controller 16 is an X-ray tube 11 And the amount of rotation of the rotating plate (scanner) attached with the X-ray detector 12.
- the projection data analyzer 17 reconstructs a slice image of the subject from the projection data calculated by the data measuring device 13.
- the tube current control unit 18 It controls the tube current of the X-ray tube 11.
- Each of these components is mounted on a rotating body 19 that can rotate around the subject.
- the projection data analyzing apparatus 17 may be provided with a part weight determining unit 17d.
- the part weight determining unit 17d is covered.
- Organ site information can be obtained by evaluating the absolute amount, ratio, or change of reprojection values.
- the part weight determination unit 17d changes the current control value obtained by the current control value calculation unit 17c for each organ part using the obtained organ part information, and outputs a new current control value to the X-ray high voltage apparatus 14.
- a weight coefficient for each organ part is prepared in advance, and a value obtained by multiplying the current control value by the weight is set as a new current control value.
- a small value is set for the pelvic cavity (lower abdomen), and the weight is controlled to be an irradiation dose lower than the irradiation dose obtained from the transmission length.
- step S1 scanogram imaging is performed by the X-ray CT apparatus 1.
- step S2 the photographing range is set based on the scanogram image photographed in step S1.
- step S3 X-ray imaging conditions including tube current values are set.
- the tube current value set here is the initial value of the imaging condition.
- step S4 view data measurement is performed according to the shooting range and shooting conditions set in steps S2 and S3.
- step S 5 projection data compression processing is performed by the data compression device provided in the input stage of the projection data analysis device 17.
- step S 6 the projection data compressed in step S 5 is input to the analysis image reconstruction unit 17 a of the projection data analysis device 17.
- the analysis image reconstruction means 17a performs an analysis image reconstruction process.
- step S7 the reconstructed image analysis means 17b analyzes the reconstructed image based on the analysis image created in step S6, and calculates the converted transmission length of a predetermined reference substance (for example, water) in the analysis image. To do.
- step S8 the optimum tube current value is calculated using a transmission length-one control value conversion table or the like based on the converted transmission length obtained by the tube current control value calculation means 17c.
- step S9 whether or not to correct the tube current value of the X-ray high-voltage device 14 based on the optimum tube current value calculated in the tube current control value calculation means 17c is determined based on the deviation of the initial condition.
- the process returns to S4 and the view data measurement is continued based on the current tube current value.
- the process proceeds to S10, the X-ray condition including the tube current is reset, and the reset new tube current value is input to the X-ray high voltage device 14. Then, the process returns to step S4, and the view data is measured according to the X-ray condition based on the new current control value.
- step S11 the image processing device 23 performs an image reconstruction process based on the projection data measured in step S4.
- Step S11 and steps S5 to S10 can be processed in parallel. This parallel processing can speed up a series of measurements and data processing.
- the projection data obtained in step S4 is output to the host computer 20 by the rotating data transmission device 15.
- step S11 the data transmission device 22 of the host computer 20 is The projection data is received and output to the image processing device 23.
- the image processing device 23 performs image reconstruction processing based on the projection data, and outputs a tomographic image to the display device 30.
- step S12 it is determined whether or not the measurement is finished. If “Yes”, the measurement is finished. If “No”, return to step S4.
- the reconstructed image analysis unit 17b mainly performs reprojection processing on the reconstructed image for analysis, and can calculate the converted transmission length information in the reprojection direction. Further, the reconstructed image analyzing means 17b according to the present embodiment can perform threshold processing at the time of reprojection. For example, bone reprojection data B as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 can be calculated.
- FIG. 5 is an example of obtaining a converted transmission length at a different part from FIG. Similar to FIG. 4, the torsional force of a tomogram 50 having bone portions (B) 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59 and soft tissue (T) 55, 56, 57 is shown. In this example, the X-ray transmission profile is calculated as 5mm. As can be seen by comparing 4mm in Fig. 4 with 5mm in Fig. 5, the maximum reprojection value Bmax varies greatly depending on the measurement site of the subject.
- Tube current control value calculation means 17c converts the obtained control profile into a converted transmission length, and calculates an optimal tube current control value from the converted converted transmission length.
- an object is elliptically approximated with a uniform substance (for example, water), and converted using a transmission length equivalent to a substance (for example, water) of an elliptically approximated shape as a reference.
- ⁇ F (j) is the integral value of all CT values in the reprojection direction (for example, the X direction), so the water equivalent transmission length Dw [mm] is obtained by the following equation (1).
- the CT values here are 0 for air and 1000 for water.
- Dw ⁇ F (j) * p / N * 1000 (1)
- P is the pixel size [mm]
- N is the number of reprojection beams covering the subject (corresponding to the width of the subject viewed from the reprojection direction).
- the current control value Q of the tube current is given in advance as a function of Dw (or in the form of a table), and the current control value can be obtained from equation (2). Since the analysis target uses reconstructed images instead of projection data, the accuracy of the evaluation of the cross section of the subject is improved.
- Nt and Nb are the number of reprojection beams including soft tissue and bone. If the bone CT value is 2000 and the soft tissue is 1040,
- the current control value is obtained by weighting the soft tissue and bone permeation length to obtain the water permeation length by Equation (5) and the current control value by Equation (2).
- Both the weighting factors Wt and Wb can be set to 1.0, but when the tube voltage is low, the effect of the bone is greater. Therefore, the tube current is set higher by increasing the bone weight Wb. Can be adjusted easily.
- the bone weight Wb can be adjusted to be small.
- Wt and Wb may be used as the weight for each part of the imaging organ described later.
- the operation of the X-ray CT apparatus 1 will be described.
- the X-ray detector 12 of the X-ray CT apparatus 1 has a detection element of 1024 channels
- the view data is captured 102 4 times per rotation.
- projection data from DAS 13 is input to projection data analysis device 17 by means of a data compression device provided in the input stage of projection data analysis device 17 so that the average value for the center two rows of the multi-slice detector is input.
- 8 sample data is added in both the view direction and channel direction, and 128 channels of view data are input 128 times per rotation. If the sampling interval of the original data is 0.5 mm, an analysis image with a resolution of about 4 mm can be reconstructed.
- the filter correction process is performed using a blur correction filter that has been saved in advance by performing 256-point Fourier transform. Further, the back projection process is performed after the blur correction filter. When the back projection process of the view data necessary for reconstruction is completed, the tomographic image for analysis is reconstructed. By the way, it is necessary to save the air data and offset data along with the water data. Since the air data offset data only needs one view, the memory capacity required to store each data can be small.
- the initial value X0 of the X-ray condition and the time interval At of the control instruction are input.
- Xo may be the optimum value obtained as a result of analyzing the scanogram, or may be determined directly by the operator.
- control instruction time interval At is arbitrary, it is significant if the X-ray exposure is not optimized even if the tube current value is updated too frequently. It may be defined by the number of views and the angle interval. For example, if the view is 128 views per rotation, the tube current value is output every 32 views, and can be updated 4 times per rotation.
- FIG. 6 shows a timing chart of each process during scanning.
- scanning starts with "to" and X-ray exposure begins, data collection starts synchronously.
- the initial value of the tube current is XO.
- All measured data is sent to the data transmission device 15 and transmitted to the static system.
- Data captured by the host computer 20 is reconstructed as a tomographic image for interpretation by the image processing device 23.
- the projection data analyzing apparatus 17 performs analysis image reconstruction, reconstructed image analysis, and optimum tube current control value calculation processing.
- Image reconstruction for analysis, reconstructed image analysis, and optimum tube current control value calculation processing are each processed in a pipeline.
- the new tube current control value obtained by the optimum tube current control value calculation process is sent to the X-ray high-voltage device 14, and feedback is enabled only at t6. Note that the actual shooting start point may be the time when the feedback becomes valid.
- the tube current value obtained here is set based on an analysis image reconstructed from projection data obtained in the vicinity of time tl_t2, and the corresponding phase (angle) information is obtained.
- the X-ray high voltage apparatus 14 changes the actual control value at the corresponding phase t6.
- the tube current control value is determined by directly processing projection data as in the prior art, it is necessary to review the parameters of the tube current value as the gain, log conversion gain, focus-to-detector distance, etc. change. Since it is set based on the absolute value of force CT value, stable control is possible.
- the reprojection value of the bone increases from the vicinity of the shoulder. In this way, it can be seen that the characteristics of the imaging region are shown. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is possible to determine a part using each reprojection value.
- the transmission length is converted into the X-ray absorption coefficient of water.
- the substance serving as an index of the X-ray absorption coefficient limited to water is arbitrarily selected from bone, soft tissue, and the like. You may choose. This is because it is sufficient that the subject can be converted as the permeation length of a predetermined substance.
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2006800062088A CN101128153B (zh) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-27 | X射线ct设备 |
JP2007504834A JP5001142B2 (ja) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-27 | X線ct装置 |
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JP2005-051497 | 2005-02-25 | ||
JP2005051497 | 2005-02-25 |
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WO2006090877A1 true WO2006090877A1 (ja) | 2006-08-31 |
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PCT/JP2006/303624 WO2006090877A1 (ja) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-27 | X線ct装置 |
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US (1) | US7636416B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5001142B2 (ja) |
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- 2006-02-27 CN CN2006800062088A patent/CN101128153B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-27 US US11/884,099 patent/US7636416B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US7856084B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2010-12-21 | Cefla Societa' Cooperativa | Method for activation of an emitter of a computed tomography scanner |
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JP2012533337A (ja) * | 2009-07-17 | 2012-12-27 | ピー.ローラー デイヴィッド | 放射線画像システム用拡張型低コントラスト検出能 |
JP2012020009A (ja) * | 2010-07-15 | 2012-02-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 放射線治療装置制御方法および放射線治療装置制御装置 |
JP2012075773A (ja) * | 2010-10-05 | 2012-04-19 | Hitachi Medical Corp | X線ct装置 |
JP2015019788A (ja) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-02-02 | 日立アロカメディカル株式会社 | X線測定装置 |
JP2018000380A (ja) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-11 | 東芝メディカルシステムズ株式会社 | X線診断装置 |
US12121383B2 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2024-10-22 | Canon Medical Systems Corporation | X-ray diagnostic apparatus and control method |
WO2018032095A1 (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-02-22 | Hydro-Quebec | Apparatus and method for inspecting a power line |
US10976266B2 (en) | 2016-08-18 | 2021-04-13 | Hydro-Quebec | Apparatus and method for inspecting a power line |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7636416B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 |
CN101128153B (zh) | 2010-09-29 |
JP5001142B2 (ja) | 2012-08-15 |
JPWO2006090877A1 (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
CN101128153A (zh) | 2008-02-20 |
US20080107231A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
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